CONTENTS

1. Introducing yourself and other people

2. Asking for And Giving Permission
3. Talking About Favorite Thing
4. Making Offers
5. Shock and disbelief
6. Making Business Appointments
7. Preferences
8. Making invitations
9. Talking about likes and dislikes
10. Describing people and things
11. Making and responding to suggestions
12. Expressing Your Opinion
13. Complaining - Talking about Complaints

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 PERBUALAN

CONVERSATION

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 Introducing yourself and other people

Introducing yourself and others

There are few ways to introduce yourself and people.

Introducing yourself:

Here are expressions to introduce yourself:

• My name is ...
• I'm ....
• Nice to meet you; I'm ...
• Pleased to meet you; I'm ...
• Let me introduce myself; I'm ...
• I'd like to introduce myself; I'm ...

Introducing others:

Here are expressions to introduce others:

• John, please meet Sam.

• John, have you met Sam?
• I would like you to meet Liza.
• I would like to introduce you to Siti.
• Lina, this is Sally. Sally this is Lina.

Useful responses when introducing yourself or other people:

• Nice to meet you.

• Pleased to meet you.
• Happy to meet you.
• How do you do?

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Dialogue:

William is talking to the new manager and his assistant. Notice how they
introduce themselves:

Andy: Hi! My name is Andy, the new manager.

William: Hi! I'm William. Nice to meet you, Mr Andy.
Andy: William, please meet Sandy, my assistant
William: How do you do?
Nicolas: How do you do?

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 Asking for And Giving Permission

Asking for and giving permission:

When you ask for permission to use something that belongs to someone else
you have to do your best to be polite. It is desirable to use the word "please."

Asking for Permission:

• Can I go out, please?

• May I open the window, please?
• Please, can I have a look at your photo album?
• Please, may I taste that hot spicy couscous dish?
• Do you mind if I smoke?
• Would you mind if I asked you something?
• Is it okay if I sit here?
• Would it be all right if I borrowed your mobile Phone?

Giving Permission:

• Yes, please do.

• Sure, go ahead.
• Sure.
• No problem.
• Please feel free.

Refusing to give permission:

• No, please don’t.

• I’m sorry, but that’s not possible.
• I'm afraid, but you can't.

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Dialogue:

Liza, eight years old, is asking her mother for permission to use the computer...

Liza: Please mum, can I use the computer?

Her mother: No, dear you can't. It's time to go to bed.
Liza: May I read a story before I sleep?
Her mother: Sure! But try to sleep early.
Liza: Thanks a lot mummy.

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 Talking About Favorite Things

Talking about favorite things (Bercerita mengenai kegemaran)

When you talk about your favorite things you talk about the best liked or most
enjoyed things.

Examples:

• "What's your favorite colour?" "Red."

Study the dialogue:

Lina is talking to her new friend Sally:

Leila: What kind of films do you like best?

Cathy: Science fiction. And you?
Leila: Comedy. And who's your favorite actor?
Cathy: Tom Cruise.
Leila: I like Robert de Nero most.

Asking about favorite things:

• What's your favorite sport?

• What sport do you like best?
• What sport do you like most?
• What kind of sport do you like best?
• Who's your favorite football player?

Responding:

• My favorite sport is football.

• I like football best.
• I like football most.
• My favorite football player is Shuib.

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 Making Offers

How to make offers in English? (Cara membuat pelawaan dalam Bahasa

Inggeris).

It is common that English speakers make offers in conversations in order to be

polite and helpful. When they do so they use these expressions:

Can I …?
Shall I … ?
Would you like … ?
How about ...?

English learner must be able to make offers as well as accept or reject them. The
following are useful expressions to do so.

Making offers( Membuat pelawaan):

Can help you?

I
Shall get you some juice?
Would you like a glass of water?
How about some pizza?

Examples:

• "Can I help you?"

• "Shall I open the window for you?"
• "Would you like another cup of coffee?"
• "Would you like me to clean the board?"
• "How about a juice? "

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Remember:

• Shall, can and will are followed by the verb without to.
Example:
"Can I help you?"
"Shall I bring you the mobile phone?
• Shall is more formal than can.
• Would you like… is followed either by a noun, or by the verb with
to.
Example:
"Would you like some tea?"
"Would you like to drink some coffee?

Responding to offers (Cara menjawab pelawaan)

Accepting(Menerima) Declining(Menolak)
Yes please. Iwould like to.
That would be very kind of you.
It's OK, I can do it myself.
Yes please, that would be lovely.
Don't worry, I will do it.
Yes please, I would love to.
No, thanks
If you wouldn't mind.
No, thank you
If you could.
Thank you, that would be great.

Examples:

• "Can I help you?"

"No thanks, I'm just having a look." (With a shop assistant.)

• "Can I help you?"

"Do you know where the post office is."
• "Shall I help you with your maths problem?"
"Yes, please. That would be very nice of you."

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• "Would you like a cup of tea?"
"No thanks." Or, "No thank you."

• "Would you like another piece of cake?"

"Yes please, that would be nice."
"Yes please, I'd love one."

• "Would you like me to do the the ironing for you?"

"If you wouldn't mind."
"If you could."

• "I'll do the washing, if you like."

"It's OK, I can do it."
"Don't worry, I'll do it."
"Thank you, that would be great."

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 Shock and disbelief

Expressing shock and disbelief

It is sometimes difficult to say how you feel in unexpected situations, such as

natural disasters, bad news .., especially when you feel sad.

Here's a list of some common expressions to help you express

• shock
• and disbelief.

Shock:

shocked to hear…
I was stunned by...
taken aback by…
... came as
a complete shock.
I am in

Examples:

• I was shocked to hear the news.

• I was stunned / taken aback by the news
• I was completely taken aback by his behaviour.
• I was just stunned by her clothes.
• The news came as a complete shock.
• We are all in complete shock.

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Disbelief:

cannot believe…
I (just)
cannot imagine…
unbelievable.
It is
incredible.

Examples:

• I just cannot believe he won the race.

• It is unbelievable that they got married
• I just can't imagine they were able to get along with each other.

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 Making Business Appointments

How to make appointments in English

These are expressions you will probably need to make and change business
appointments in English.

Is it Mr John
on Tuesday
possible to the lawyer
to morning?
book an the doctor
Can I see at 10 am?
appointment the head of the
with tomorrow?
department
May I ...
...

I wonder if
I can Mr John
on Tuesday
the lawyer
I would like book an to morning?
the doctor
to see at 10 am?
appointment the head of the
with tomorrow?
I need to department
...
...
I want to

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 Preferences
Membuat Pilihan

Talking about your preferences.

(Bagaimanakah caranya anda bertanya seseorang untuk membuat pilihan).

Questions about preferences

• Which do you prefer tea or coffee?

• Which do you prefer drinking science or physics?
• Which do you prefer to drink juice or mineral
water? (Notice: prefer to + present simple)
• Which do you like better basketball or football?
• Do you prefer pizza or spaghetti?
• Would you prefer to eat a cake or a fruit?
• Would you rather eat a cake or a fruit?

Replies

• I prefer baseball.
• I'd prefer to drink juice
• I'd rather drink mineral water
• If I had a choice, I would eat a sandwich.
• A cup of coffee would be suitable.

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 Making invitations
Membuat Jemputan

Making invitations

(Bagaimanakah anda membuat jemputan).

Do you know how to invite someone to your house for dinner or to go to the movies?
What do you say in English when someone invites you?
Here are some common expressions you can use when making or responding to invitations

Inviting:

• Do you want to go to the movies tonight?

• Would you like to go to the theatre tomorrow?
• Would you be interested in going to the the stadium next Sunday?
• How do you fancy going to the the restaurant for dinner?
• How about going to the movies?
• Care to come over for lunch?
• I was just wondering if you would like to come over for a drink.
• We'd be delighted to have you over for my birthday party.

Accepting invitations:

• Sure. What time?

• I'd love to, thanks.
• That's very kind of you, thanks.
• That sounds lovely, thank you.
• What a great idea, thank you.
• Sure. When should I be there?

Declining invitations: (cara menolak jemputan).

• I can't. I have to work.

• This evening is no good. I have an appointment.
• I'm busy tomorrow. Can I take a rain check* on that?
• That's very kind of you, but actually I'm doing something else this afternoon.
• Well, I'd love to, but I'm already going out to the restaurant.
• I'm really sorry, but I've got something else on.
• I really don't think I can - I'm supposed to be doing something else.

(*rain check: used to tell someone that you cannot accept invitations now, but would like to
do so at a later time:)

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 Talking about likes and dislikes
Bercerita mengenai sesuatu yang anda suka dan tidak
suka.

Expressing likes and dislikes

To talk about your likes and dislikes, you can use these expressions.

Anda boleh menggunakan perkataan berikut untuk mengatakan sesuatu yang anda suka.

Expressing likes: (sesuatu yang anda sukai)

• I like…
• I love...
• I adore…
• I ‘m crazy about…
• I’m mad about…
• I enjoy…
• I’m keen on…

Expressing dislikes: (sesuatu yang anda tidak suka)

• I don’t like…
• I dislike...
• I hate…
• I can’t bear...
• I can’t stand…
• I detest...
• I loathe...

Examples of likes and dislikes:

I'm mad about basketball, but I can’t bear ice hockey.

I adore reading poetry, but I loathe doing the housework.

If you neither like nor dislike something:

"I don't mind doing the housework.

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Things to remember about likes and dislikes:

1. When these expressions are followed by a verb, the latter is put in the -ing form.
Examples:

"I like listening to music."

"I hate wearing sunglasses."

I like
I detest VERB+ING
I don't mind

2. Note that" very much" & " a lot" always come after the things you like.
Examples:

"I like basketball very much/a lot. NOT" I like very much/a lot basketball."

3. Be careful when you use "I don't mind..."

Examples:

"Do you mind playing football?"

"No, I don't mind."(Although it's in a negative form, it means that it's ok for me. I neither
love it nor hate it.)

Dialogue:

Steve is at home. His girlfriend comes in...Notice how they express their likes and dislikes

Steve: Hello, darling. Do you fancy watching a film tonight?

Oh, no thanks, I don't really feel like watching a film tonight.
Girlfriend:
How about going out instead.
Steve: OK. Do you feel like going to the theatre?
Oh, no. I hate it. Do you like eating at the new Chinese
Girlfriend:
restaurant?
Steve: I don't mind. The Chinese cuisine is alright.
Girlfriend: Well I really love it. Let's go.

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Dialogue:

Mike and Ann are in a wedding party:

Mike: Do you want to dance?

Ann: No thanks. I'm a bit tired right now
Mike: How about having a drink?
Ann: Sure, I'd love to!

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 Describing people and things
Cara anda mengambarkan seseorang dan benda

Describing:

What are some good ways to describe

• people?
• things?
• feelings?
• yourself?
• personality?

See the phrases below for examples of descriptions in English.

Questions:

does Leila / the house look like?

What can you tell me about Leila / the house?
is Leila / the house like?
Tell me about Leila / the house!

Responses:

old, young, middle aged, fat, overweight, slim, thin, skinny,

Well, she's blonde, red-head, well-built, tall, dark, beautiful, funny,
cute, really rich, gorgeous ...
oval face, square face, round face, long, black hair, straight
She has
hair, curly hair, blue eyes, round face, long nose, fair skin ,
got
bushy eyebrows, regular teeth, crooked teeth, rosy cheeks...
She's kind chubby, thin, slim, obese, tall, skinny, short, intelligent,
of silly, nice, naughty...
It's big, small, comfortable, clean ...

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Short dialogues:

Martha wants Liza to describe the new secretary:

Martha: What's the new secretary like?

Liza: She's cute. She's got long hair and a round face.

Martha wants Liza to describe the new apartment:

Martha: Tell me about your new apartment!

It's big. It has got three bedrooms, a comfortable living room,
Liza:
and a spacious kitchen.

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 Making and responding to suggestions
Membuat dan respon kepada pendapat.

Suggestions (Pendapat)

The following English phrases and expressions are all used to make suggestions and give
advice to people.

Making suggestions: (Membuat pendapat)

• Let’s revise our lessons.

• What about going to the cinema tonight?
• How about playing cards?
• Why don't we do our homework?
• Couldn't we invite your grandmother to our party?
• Shall we have a walk along the river?
• What would you say to a cup of coffee?
• Don't you think it is a good idea to watch TV?
• Does it matter if we use your car?

Accepting suggestions: (Menerima pendapat)

• Ok. Yes, let's.

• Yes, I'd like to.
• Yes, I'd love to.
• What a good idea!
• Why not?
• Yes, with pleasure.
• Yes, I feel like taking a walk.
• That sounds like a good idea.

Refusing suggestions: (Menolak pendapat)

• No, let's not.

• No, I'd rather not.
• I don't feel like it.
• I dislike going for a walk.
• What an awful / bad idea!

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 Asking for and Giving advice
Meminta dan memberi pendapat

Expressions

Asking for advice: (Meminta pendapat)

• I've got a bad toothache. What do you suggest?

• What do you advise me to do?
• What should I do?
• What ought I to do?
• What's your advice?
• If you were me what would you do?

Giving advice: (Memberi pendapat)

• If I were you, I would go to the dentist.

• Why don't you go to the dentist?
• You'd better brush your teeth regularly.
• You ought to/should avoid eating sweets.
• If you take my advice, you'll go to the dentist.
• It might be a good idea to brush your teeth on a regular basis.
• I advise you to brush your teeth on a regular basis.
• Have you thought about seeing a dentist?

Declining to give advice (Tidak dapat memberi pendapat)

• I don't know what to advise, I'm afraid.

• I wish I could suggest something, but I can't.
• I wish I could help.
• I'm afraid I can't really help you.

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 Expressing Your Opinion
Menyuarakan Pendapat Anda

How to express your opinion (Bagaimana menyuarakan pendapat anda)

Expressing opinion

I think...
As far as I'm concerned …….
To my mind, ……
According to me,...
As I see it, ...
It seems to me that...
In my point of view / my opinion,....
From my point of view...
I am of the opinion that...
I take the view that. ..
My personal view is that...
In my experience...
As far as I understand / can see/see it ……

Agreeing or disagreeing

Agreeing with an opinion:

I agree with this opinion.

I completely agree with this view.
This is absolutely right.
I couldn't / can't agree more.

Partial agreement: (Tidak berapa setuju dengan pendapat seseorang)

I agree with this point of view, but...

This idea is right, but...
I agree with you, but...

Disagreeing with an opinion: (Tidak bersetuju dengan pendapat seseorang)

I'm afraid. I can't agree with you.

I disagree with you.
I don't agree with you.
I'm not sure I agree with you
I think you're wrong

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 Complaining - Talking about Complaints
Pengaduan

What are complaints? (Apakah maksud pengaduan?).

Complaints are expressions of "displeasure or annoyance" in response to an action that is

seen by the speaker as unfavorable. Suppose you want to complain about the pizza you have
just ordered because it's too salty, what are the expressions needed to express and respond to
complaints?

Complaining: (Mengadu:)

Here are expressions you can use when complaining:

• I have a complaint to make. ...

• Sorry to bother you but...
• I'm sorry to say this but...
• I'm afraid I've got a complaint about...
• I'm afraid there is a slight problem with...
• Excuse me but there is a problem about...
• I want to complain about...
• I'm angry about...

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Examples:

Your pizza is just

I have a complaint to make.
too salty.
your food is
I'm sorry to say this but
inedible.
1. I'm afraid I've got a complaint about your child. He's too
noisy .
2. I'm afraid there is a slight problem with the service in this
hotel.
3. Excuse me but you are standing on my foot.
4. I want to complain about the noise you are making.
5. I'm angry about the way you treat me.

Responding to complaints. (Respon kepada sesuatu pengaduan).

Positive response to complaints: (respon yang positif kepada sesuatu pengaduan).

• I'm so sorry, but this will never occur / happen again.

• I'm sorry, we promise never to do the same mistake again.
• I'm really sorry; we'll do our utmost/best not to do the same mistake again.

Negative response to complaints: (Respon yang negative kepada sesuatu pengaduan).

• Sorry there is nothing we can do about it.

• I'm afraid, there isn't much we can do about it.
• We are sorry but the food is just alright.

Things to remember about complaints:

When expressing a complaint in English, it helps to be polite. Although "I'm angry about
your pizza. It's too salty" is one possible way of expressing a complaint, it is considered too
rude and you'd better use more polite expressions if you want to get what you want!

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