Diseño Mecanico

Dr. Jorge A. Olórtegui Yume, Ph.D. OUTLINE

• What is engineering design,
really?
• Function to form
• Design process
ENGINEERING DESIGN • Phases of design
Product realization process
OVERVIEW •

• Roles for engineers

• Concurrent engineering
• Teamwork
Mechanical Engineering School
National University of Trujillo • Summary

OUTLINE LEAPFROG ASSISTIVE WALKER

Adapted from Ullman, D. “The Mechanical

Design Process”, 2nd Ed. (2010). McGraw Hill

(MECHANICAL) ENGINEERING DESIGN ACTIVITIES INTEGRATED WITH TOPICS

Activities Topics

Design Manufacturing Engineering

& Materials Graphics

Lectures

Labs

machines sketch / draw customer desires Design Project

mechanisms predict behavior company constraints
motion test / experiment synthesize alternatives
energy conversion materials analyze
manufacturing evaluate

1
 F
o
r
m

WHAT IS DESIGN, REALLY? E HOW ARE FUNCTION AND FORM RELATED

v
e
r

F
Which of the following is design and which is analysis? o
l
l
o
A. Given that the customer wishes to fasten together two steel w
s
plates, select appropriate sizes for the bolt, nut and washer.
F
u
n
B. Given the cross-section geometry of a new airplane wing c
t
we determine the lift it produces by conducting wind tunnel i
o
experiments. n
.

Design Analysis

Form is the solution to a design problem.

F
o
r
m

E HOW ARE FUNCTION AND FORM RELATED DESIGN – DEFINITION

v
e
r
control
F hold Set of decision making processes and activities
o
move
l
l
Function
protect to determine the form of an object,
o
w
s
store
given the customer’s desired function.
F
Design decision making processes
u
n
c
shape
t configuration
i Form
o size
n
.
materials
manufacturing
processes

MAKING DECISIONS? USE THE DESIGN PROCESS MAKING DECISIONS? USE THE DESIGN PROCESS

Establish functional requirements Establish functional requirements GENERATING ALTERNATIVES

Formulating Determine constraints
Formulating Determine constraints
Problem Set performance targets Problem Set performance targets
Design specifications FORMULATING THE PROBLEM Design specifications

Create alternative forms Create alternative forms

Generating (shape, configuration, size, materials,
Generating (shape, configuration, size, materials,
Alternatives manufacturing processes) Alternatives manufacturing processes)
Redesign

Redesign
iteration

iteration

all alternatives all alternatives

Analyzing Analyzing
Alternatives Alternatives
feasible alternatives feasible alternatives

Evaluating Evaluating
Alternatives Alternatives

best alternative design candidate best alternative design candidate

Manufacturing specifications Manufacturing specifications

2
 MAKING DECISIONS? USE THE DESIGN PROCESS MAKING DECISIONS? USE THE DESIGN PROCESS

Establish functional requirements ANALYZING ALTERNATIVES Establish functional requirements EVALUATING ALTERNATIVES
Formulating Determine constraints Formulating Determine constraints
Problem Set performance targets Problem Set performance targets
Design specifications Design specifications

Create alternative forms Create alternative forms

Generating (shape, configuration, size, materials,
Generating (shape, configuration, size, materials,
Alternatives manufacturing processes) Alternatives manufacturing processes)
Redesign

Redesign
iteration

iteration
all alternatives all alternatives

Analyzing Analyzing
Alternatives Alternatives
feasible alternatives feasible alternatives

Evaluating Evaluating
Alternatives Alternatives

best alternative design candidate best alternative design candidate

Manufacturing specifications Manufacturing specifications

Are there “phases” of design? Example design problem - Stop a spinning shaft
“FORMULATION” PHASE

How do design decisions

change over time?

Is there a logical grouping

of decisions?

Example design problem - Stop a spinning shaft Decisions relating to concept?

“FORMULATION” PHASE “CONCEPT DESIGN PHASE”

Early in the design process, we decide
upon the specifics of the function to be
performed
SPACE SHIPS WITH
Study Case: Redesing shaft “PERSPIRABLE SKIN”
• Decide upon a satisfactory rate of deceleration
• Determine the length of the shaft 8 inch diameter
• Determine where it is supported 1000 lbs
• Determine what actuating energy is available Steel
• Decide to reverse engineer an existing product 3000 rpm
• Choose to research brakes in the library

3
 Decisions relating to concept? Decisions relating to concept?

“CONCEPT DESIGN PHASE” “CONCEPT DESIGN PHASE”

Decisions on configuring products

Decisions relating to concept? and new components?
“CONCEPT DESIGN PHASE” “CONFIGURATION PHASE”
Decide physical principles that will perform
the function
Baseline
• 1. surface friction (e.g. drum brake, disk/caliper)
• 2. opposing magnetic fields (e.g. inverse motor)
• 3. air friction (e.g. fan blades)

Assume we decide on surface friction

Decisions on configuring products

and new components? Values for Parameters?

“CONFIGURATION PHASE” “PARAMETRIC DESIGN” PHASE

Motor Pulley Grinding Wheel Pulley
Decide upon product components & how they are arranged (driver) (driven)
Decide upon part features & how they are arranged r1 , d 1 , 1 , n 1 r2 , d 2 , 2 , n 2

Product configuration:
r2 2
disk/caliper, or drum, or band brake r1
location on shaft (right. left, middle) 1

(Assume we decide on a disk/caliper brake)

Part configuration:
relative size of hub to disk c
relative size of rotor thickness to diameter

4
 Values for Parameters? Values for Parameters?

“PARAMETRIC DESIGN” PHASE “PARAMETRIC DESIGN” PHASE

Decide upon specific values for design variables

1. rotor diameter (outer)

2. rotor thickness
3. brake pad width
4. pad material
5. hydraulic pressure on piston

Completing the details Completing the details

“DETAIL DESIGN” PHASE

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
“DETAIL DESIGN” PHASE
REVISIONS

ITEM NO. QTY. PART NO. MATERIAL Z ONE REV. DESCRIPTION DATE APPROVED

1 1 guide SS 303

D
2
3
4
5
1 rod
1 PLATE
2 M8-1.25 x 30
2 4mmcapscrew
SS 303
SS 303
ALUMINUM
ALUMINUM
D Decide upon the remaining manufacturing specifications
?

C
4
C
• machined rotor tolerances
? 5
• pad bonding resin
B
?
B

• assembly/testing procedure
<COMPANY NAME>
UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: DATE NAME

DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCHES DRAWN

TOLERANCES:
FRACTIONAL C HEC KED TITLE:
A ANGULAR: MACH BEND
ENG APPR. A
TWO PLACE DECIMAL
THREE PLACE DECIMAL
MFG APPR. 1GR_ex ASSEMBLY
INTERPRET GEOMETRIC Q.A.
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL TOLERANCING PER:
C OMMENTS:
THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS
SIZE DWG. NO. REV
B
MATERIAL
DRAWING IS THE SOLE PROPERTY OF --
<INSERT COMPANY NAME HERE>. ANY
REPRODUCTION IN PART OR AS A WHOLE FINISH
WITHOUT THE WRITTEN PERMISSION OF
NEXT ASSY USED ON --
<INSERT COMPANY NAME HERE> IS
P ROHIBITED. APPLIC ATION SCALE: 1:1 WEIGHT: SHEET 1 OF 1
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

I TEM NO. QTY. PART NO. M ATERI AL

Final “Form” is the solution to1 a design problem 1 GUI DE Design Phases SS 303
Function ---- stop a spinning shaft
2 1 ROD Formulation
SS 303
3 1 PLATE Concept SS 303
4 2 M 8-1.25 x 30 ALUM I NUM
•rotor: 10 inch diameter, steel, 3/8-inch5 2 4M M CAPSCREW ALUM
Embodiment I NUM
Form Preliminary Configuration
Design
thick, cooling passages
•forged steel caliper/housing Design
Parametric
•brake pads, 2 opposing, 4 sq. in., metal particles/epoxy matrix
•steel piston,1-inch diameter, with elastomeric seals
•100 psi hydraulic piston pressure
Detail

5
 Design versus the Product Realization Process? Phases in the life of a product

establish function
Realized Design
determine form
Product
fabricate
Manufacture assemble
distribute

Production Design Disposal set up

Service
Engineering Design Use operate
Distribution
Industrial Design Manufacturing maintain
Sales / Marketing (Production) repair
take down
Retire
disassemble
recycle
Customer
dispose
Need
To satisfy the consumer…
We must consider all the phases in the life of a product

Product realization begins the Product Life Cycle How do we, as engineers, fit into the PRP?

Introduction Growth Maturity Saturation Decline

Income

Sales

Time
Investment

Product
Development

Where do engineers work? Engineering Roles in Design & Manufacturing

Job Title Description
Sales & Sales Engineer Meets customers, determines
Thousands % Marketing needs, presents product offerings
Employer
Applications Engineer Assists sales & marketing solving
technical issues with respect to the
Manufacturing 732 50 use of product
Field Service Engineer Installs, maintains and repairs
Engineering Services 401 27 equipment at customers’ sites

Government (Federal, State & Local) 179 12 Research & Industrial Designer Establishes essential product
Development appearance, human factors
Self-employed 43 3
Design Engineer Decides part or product form
including: shape, size,
Other 110 8 configuration, materials, and
manufacturing processes
Total 1465 100 Materials Engineer Investigates and develops improved
materials
Test Engineer Designs and conducts performance
(U.S. Department of Labor, 2000).
and safety tests

6
 Engineering Roles in Design & Mfg “Functional” organization chart
Stockholders
Manufacturing Industrial Engineer Designs fabrication,
assembly and warehousing
systems Board of Directors
Manufacturing Develops manufacturing
Engineer tools and fixtures
President
Quality Control Establishes and maintains
Engineer raw materials and finished
goods quality controls
Purchasing Manufacturing Research &Development Sales &Marketing Finance
Processing / Plant Engineer Designs and maintains
Operations processing plant facilities Purchasing ProductionOperations DesignEngineering Sales Accounting
Project Engineer Coordinates project work Estimating Quality Control Industrial Design Customer Service Budgeting
tasks, budgets and Expediting Industrial Engineering Prototyping Marketing Planning
Manufacturing Engineering Testing Advertising
schedules ProductionPlanning Materials Research
Tooling

typical manufacturing company

Concurrent engineering design team Teamwork is a professional team sport!

Professional Team Industry

Product
Manager Competitors Companies
No more Team owners Investors
“over the wall”
Coaches Managers
Referees, umpires Lawyers, judges
Communication Coordination
Sales Industrial Design Industrial Mfg.
Marketing Design Engineering Engineering Engineering Purchasing Production

Fumbles, injuries Mistakes, losses

Individual skills Specialized jobs
Team skills “People” skills

Summary Bibliography

• Design is “decision” making • Eggert, R. (2005). Engineering Design. Pearson- Prentice

• Product realization process includes engineering design Hall.
• Design process requires formulating, generating,
analyzing, evaluating, refining
• Form follows function
• Product realization is a professional team sport