Boost Your Vocabulary - Cambridge IELTS 8 - Test1&2 - Dinhthang-15.02.2019 PDF

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LỜI GIỚI THIỆU
Chào các bạn,
Các bạn đang cầm trên tay cuốn “Boost your vocabulary” được biên soạn bởi mình và các
bạn Đức Duy & Thu Hằng. Cuốn sách được viết nhằm mục đích giúp các bạn đang muốn cải
thiện vốn từ vựng cho phần thi Reading trong IELTS. Sách được viết dựa trên nền tảng bộ
Cambridge IELTS của Nhà xuất bản Đại học Cambridge – Anh Quốc.
Trong quá trình thực hiện, mình và các bạn trong nhóm đã dành tương đối nhiều thời gian để
nghiên cứu cách thức đưa nội dung sao cho khoa học và dễ dùng nhất với các bạn đọc. Tuy
vậy, cuốn sách không khỏi có những hạn chế nhất định. Mọi góp ý để cải thiện nội dung cuốn
sách mọi người xin gửi về email
Trân trọng cảm ơn,
TÁC GIẢ & NHÓM THỰC HIỆN
Đinh Thắng
Hiện tại là giáo viên dạy IELTS tại Hà Nội. Chứng chỉ ngành ngôn ngữ Anh,
đại học Brighton, Anh Quốc, 2016.Từng làm việc tại tổ chức giáo dục quốc tế
Language Link Việt Nam (2011-2012)
Facebook.com/dinhthangielts
… cùng các bạn Đức Duy & Thu Hằng
BOOST YOUR VOCABULARY 8 1
03 LÝ DO TẠI SAO NÊN HỌC TỪ VỰNG

THEO CUỐN SÁCH NÀY
1. Không còn mất nhiều thời gian cho việc tra từ
Các từ học thuật (academic words) trong sách đều có kèm giải thích hoặc từ đồng nghĩa.
Bạn tiết kiệm được đáng kể thời gian gõ từng từ vào từ điển và tra. Chắc chắn những bạn
thuộc dạng “không được chăm chỉ lắm trong việc tra từ vựng” sẽ thích điều này.
2. Tập trung bộ nhớ vào các từ quan trọng
Mặc dù cuốn sách không tra hết các từ giúp bạn nhưng sách đã chọn ra các từ quan trọng
và phổ biến nhất giúp bạn. Như vậy, bạn có thể tập trung bộ nhớ vào các từ này, thay vì
phải mất công nhớ các từ không quan trọng. Bạn nào đạt Reading từ 7.0 trở lên đều sẽ
thấy rất nhiều trong số các từ này thuộc loại hết sức quen thuộc
3. Học một từ nhớ nhiều từ
Rất nhiều từ được trình bày theo synonym (từ đồng nghĩa), giúp các bạn có thể xem lại và
học thêm các từ có nghĩa tương đương hoặc giống như từ gốc. Có thể nói, đây là phương
pháp học hết sức hiệu quả vì khi học một từ như impact, bạn có thể nhớ lại hoặc học thêm
một loạt các từ nghĩa tương đương như significant, vital, imperative, chief, key. Nói theo
cách khác thì nếu khả năng ghi nhớ của bạn tốt thì cuốn sách này giúp bạn đấy số lượng từ
vựng lên một cách đáng kể.
Biên tập cuốn sách Boost your vocabulary này được thực hiện bởi Đinh Thắng & IELTS Family-Các nhóm tự học IELTS
HƯỚNG DẪN SỬ DỤNG SÁCH

ĐỐI TƯỢNG SỬ DỤNG SÁCH
Nhìn chung các bạn cần có mức độ từ vựng tương đương 5.5 trở lên (theo thang điểm 9
của IELTS), nếu không có thể sẽ gặp nhiều khó khăn trong việc sử dụng sách này.
CÁC BƯỚC SỬ DỤNG
CÁCH 1: LÀM TEST TRƯỚC, HỌC TỪ VỰNG SAU
Bước 1: Bạn in cuốn sách này ra. Nên in bìa màu để có thêm động lực học. Cuốn sách
được thiết kế cho việc đọc trực tiếp, không phải cho việc đọc online nên bạn nào đọc online
sẽ có thể thấy khá bất tiện khi tra cứu, đối chiếu từ vựng
Bước 2: Tìm mua cuốn Cambridge IELTS (6 cuốn mới nhất từ 6-12) của Nhà xuất bản
Cambridge để làm. Hãy cẩn thận đừng mua nhầm sách lậu. Sách của nhà xuất bản
Cambridge được tái bản tại Việt Nam thường có bìa và giấy dày, chữ rất rõ nét.
Bước 3: Làm một bài test hoặc passage bất kỳ trong bộ sách trên. Ví dụ passage 1,
test 1 của Cambridge IELTS 13.
Bước 4: Đối chiếu với cuốn sách này, bạn sẽ lọc ra các từ vựng quan trọng cần học.
Ví dụ passage 1, test 1 của Cambridge IELTS 13, bài về Tourism New Zealand Website:
Bạn sẽ thấy
4.1 Cột bên trái là bản text gốc, trong đó bôi đậm các từ học thuật - academic word
4.2 Cột bên phải chứa các từ vựng này theo kèm định nghĩa (definition) hoặc từ
đồng nghĩa (synonym)
CÁCH 2: HỌC TỪ VỰNG TRƯỚC, LÀM TEST SAU
Bước 1: Bạn in cuốn sách này ra. Nên in bìa màu để có thêm động lực học. Cuốn sách
được thiết kế cho việc đọc trực tiếp, không phải cho việc đọc online nên bạn nào đọc online
sẽ có thể thấy khá bất tiện khi tra cứu, đối chiếu từ vựng
Bước 2: Đọc cột bên trái như đọc báo. Duy trì hàng ngày. Khi nào không hiểu từ nào thì
xem nghĩa hoặc synonym của từ đó ở cột bên phải. Giai đoạn này giúp bạn phát triển việc
đọc tự nhiên, thay vì đọc theo kiểu làm test. Bạn càng hiểu nhiều càng tốt. Cố gắng nhớ từ
theo ngữ cảnh.
Bước 3: Làm một bài test hoặc passage bất kỳ trong bộ sách Cambridge IELTS. Ví dụ
bạn đọc xong cuốn Boost your vocabulary 13 này thì có thể quay lại làm các test trong cuốn
10 chẳng hạn. Làm test xong thì cố gắng phát hiện các từ đã học trong cuốn 13. Bạn
nào có khả năng ghi nhớ tốt chắc chắn sẽ gặp lại rất nhiều từ đã học. Bạn nào có khả năng
ghi nhớ vừa phải cũng sẽ gặp lại không ít từ. Việc
Bước 4: Đọc cuốn Boost your vocabulary tương ứng với test bạn vừa làm. Ví dụ trong
cuốn Boost your vocabulary 10.
Tóm lại, mình ví dụ 1 chu trình đầy đủ theo cách này
B1. Đọc hiểu và học từ cuốn Boost your vocabulary 13
B2. Làm test 1 trong cuốn Boost your vocabulary 10
B3. Đọc hiểu và học từ cuốn Boost your vocabulary 10 & tìm các từ lặp lại mà bạn đã đọc
trong cuốn Boost your vocabulary 13
Cambridge 8
Test 1
READING PASSAGE 1
A Chronicle of Timekeeping
Chronicle = a written record, history, story of
O ur conception of time depends on the way we

historical events .
Timekeeping= the activity of recording the
measure it time something takes
A Advent = coming, start, arrival, the time
According to archaeological evidence, at least 5,000 when something first begins to be widely
years ago, and long before the advent of the used.
Roman Empire, the Babylonians began to measure Co-ordinate= to make various, separate
time, introducing calendars to co-ordinate things work together.
communal activities, to plan the shipment of goods Communal = shared, common, public,
relating or belonging to all the people living in
and, in particular, to regulate planting and a particular.
harvesting. They based their calendars on three Regulate= control, adjust, standardize.
natural cycles: the solar day, marked by the Solar = relating to the Sun
successive periods of light and darkness as the Axis= the imaginary line around which a
large round object, such as the Earth, turns.
earth rotates on its axis; the lunar month, following
Lunar = relating to the Moon.
the phases of the moon as it orbits the earth; and
Orbit= to travel in a curved path around a
the solar year, defined by the changing seasons that
much larger object such as the Earth, the
accompany our planet's revolution around the sun.
Sun etc.
Accompany= go together with, come with,
B be associated with, happen with, appear with.
Before the invention of artificial light, the moon had Artificial= man-made, synthetic, non-natural.
greater social impact. And, for those living near the Equator = an imaginary line drawn around
equator in particular, its waxing and waning was the middle of the Earth.
more conspicuous than the passing of the Wax and wane= to increase and decrease
seasons. Hence, the calendars that were developed over time.

Conspicuous = obvious, clear, noticeable.
at the lower latitudes were influenced more by the
lunar cycle than by the solar year. In more northern Latitude= the distance north or south of the
climes, however, where seasonal agriculture was equator, measured in degrees.
practised, the solar year became more crucial. As Climes = a place that has a particular type of
climate.
the Roman Empire expanded northward, it
Crucial = vital, central, essential, important,
organised its activity chart for the most part around
necessary, decisive, critical.
the solar year.
C Formulate= invent, create, make, develop

Centuries before the Roman Empire, the Egyptians
smt.
had formulated a municipal calendar having 12
months of 30 days, with five days added to Municipal= civic, public, community.
approximate the solar year. Each period of ten days Decans = The decans (Egyptian) are 36
was marked by the appearance of special groups of groups of stars (small constellations) used in
stars called decans. At the rise of the star Sirius just the Ancient Egyptian astronomy.
before sunrise, which occurred around the all-
Cosmic = relating to space or the universe.
important annual flooding of the Nile, 12 decans
could be seen spanning the heavens. The cosmic Interval= intermission = interlude = break.
significance the Egyptians placed in the 12 decans Temporal= relating to or limited by time.
led them to develop a system in which each interval Duration =the length of time that something
of darkness (and later, each interval of daylight) was lasts.
divided into a dozen equal parts. These periods
Equinox = solstice = one of the two times in
became known as temporal hours because their
duration varied according to the changing length of a year when night and day are of equal
days and nights with the passing of the seasons. length.
Summer hours were long, winter ones short; only at Adopt = accept = approve = implement,
the spring and autumn equinoxes were the hours of apply
daylight and darkness equal. Temporal hours, which
Disseminate= spread, publish, distribute.
were first adopted by the Greeks and then the
Romans, who disseminated them through Europe,
remained in use for more than 2,500 years.
D Track = follow, path, way, to record the

progress or development of something over a
In order to track temporal hours during the day,
period.
inventors created sundials, which indicate time by Sundial = an object used in the past for
the length or direction of the sun's shadow. The telling the time.
Counterpart = colleague, equivalent, sb/st
sundial's counterpart, the water clock, was that has the same job or purpose as sb/st
designed to measure temporal hours at night. One else in a different place.
Drip = flow , run , come out , leak, cascade.
of the first water clocks was a basin with a small Denote = connote, indicate, mean, represent,
be a sign of smt.
hole near the bottom through which the water
Dip = dunk, plunge, immerse, to put
dripped out. The falling water level denoted the something into a liquid for a very short time
passing hour as it dipped below hour lines and take it out again.
Inscribed= engrave, carve, to carefully cut,
inscribed on the inner surface. Although these print or write on smt
devices performed satisfactorily around the Satisfactory = reasonable, acceptable =
adequate
Mediterranean, they could not always be depended
on in the cloudy and often freezing weather of
northern Europe.
E
The advent of the mechanical clock meant that Evolve= chance, grow, advance, to develop
although it could be adjusted to maintain temporal and change gradually over a long period of
hours, it was naturally suited to keeping equal ones. time.
With these, however, arose the question of when to
Scheme= plan, idea, method.
begin counting, and so, in the early 14th century, a
number of systems evolved. The schemes that Divide= split, separate, share.
divided the day into 24 equal parts varied according Astronomical= relating to the scientific study
to the start of the count: Italian hours began at of the stars.
sunset, Babylonian hours at sunrise, astronomical Supersede = replace, supplant, displace.
hours at midday and 'great clock' hours, used for
Commence = start, begin, originate.
some large public clocks in Germany, at midnight.
Eventually these were superseded by 'small clock',
or French, hours, which split the day into two 12-
hour periods commencing at midnight.
F
The earliest recorded weight-driven mechanical
Descend= downward, fall, drop, go down.
clock was built in 1283 in Bedfordshire in England.
The revolutionary aspect of this new timekeeper was Escapement = a piece of machinery in a
neither the descending weight that provided its clock from the spring or weight to a wheel.
motive force nor the gear wheels (which had been Mainspring = the most important spring in a
around for at least 1,300 years) that transferred the
watch or clock.
power; It was the part called the escapement. In the
pendulum = a long metal stick with weight at
early 1400s came the invention of the coiled spring
or fusee which maintained constant force to the gear the bottom that swings regularly from side to
wheels of the timekeeper despite the changing side to control the working of a clock.
tension of its mainspring. By the 16th century, a
pendulum clock had been devised, but the
pendulum swung in a large arc and thus was not

very efficient.
G
To address this, a variation on the original
escape wheel = a toothed wheel in the
escapement was invented in 1670, in England. It
was called the anchor escapement, which was a escapement of a watch or clock.
lever-based device shaped like a ship's anchor. The Precise = exact, correct, accurate.
motion of a pendulum rocks this device so that it
catches and then releases each tooth of the escape
wheel, in turn allowing it to turn a precise amount.
Unlike the original form used in early pendulum
clocks, the anchor escapement permitted the
pendulum to travel in a very small arc. Moreover,
this invention allowed the use of a long pendulum
which could beat once a second and thus led to the
development of a new floor standing case design,
which became known as the grandfather clock.
H Accurate= correct, precise, exact.
a quartz-crystal clock = is a clock that uses
Today, highly accurate timekeeping instruments set an electronic oscillator that is regulated by a
the beat for most electronic devices. Nearly all quartz crystal to keep time.
beamed down = to transport somebody to or
computers contain a quartz-crystal clock to from a spaceship using special electronic
regulate their operation. Moreover, not only do time equipment.
calibrate = standardizes , adjust , regulate.
signals beamed down from Global Positioning
Precision= accuracy, exactness,
System satellites calibrate the functions of correctness.
precision navigation equipment, they do so as well Navigation = the science or job of planning
which way you need to go when you
for mobile phones, instant stock-trading systems are travelling from one place to another
and nationwide power-distribution grids. So integral Integral = forming a necessary part of
something.
have these time-based technologies become to day- Dependency = dependence, addiction,
to-day existence that our dependency on them is reliance.
recognised only when they fail to work.
READING PASSAGE 2
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL IN THE USA
A
A n accident that occurred in the skies over the

Establishment = founding, launch, creation.
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) of
Grand Canyon in 1956 resulted in the
the United States = a national authority with
establishment of the Federal Aviation powers to regulate all aspects of flying in

aircraft.
Administration (FAA) to regulate and oversee the
Congested = full of traffic, overfilled, blocked,
operation of aircraft in the skies over the United
crowded.
States, which were becoming quite congested. The
Procedure = process, way, method.
resulting structure of air traffic control has greatly
increased the safety of flight in the United States,
and similar air traffic control procedures are also in
place over much of the rest of the world.
B
Rudimentary air traffic control (ATC) existed well Rudimentary= basic, simple, undeveloped,
before the Grand Canyon disaster. As early as the elementary.
1920s, the earliest air traffic controllers manually
Manual = blue-collar, involving using the
guided aircraft in the vicinity of the airports, using
lights and flags, while beacons and flashing lights hands or physical strength
were placed along cross-country routes to establish Vicinity (of something) = in the area around
the earliest airways. However, this purely visual a particular place.
system was useless in bad weather, and, by the Beacons= a light that is put somewhere to
1930s, radio communication was coming into use for
warn or guide people, ships, vehicles or
ATC. The first region to have something
approximating today’s ATC was New York City, with aircraft.
other major metropolitan areas following soon Metropolitan= city, urban, municipal.
after.
C
In the 1940s, ATC centres could and did take
advantage of the newly developed radar and
improved radio communication brought about by the
Second World War, but the system remained Regulation=control, guideline, adjustment,
rudimentary. It was only after the creation of the rule.
FAA that full-scale regulation of America’s airspace Fortuitous= lucky, fortunate, miraculous.
took place, and this was fortuitous, for the advent
Jet engine = an engine that pushes out a
of the jet engine suddenly resulted in a large
number of very fast planes, reducing pilots’ margin stream of hot air and gases behind it, used in
of error and practically demanding some set of rules aircraft.
to keep everyone well separated and operating
safely in the air.
D
Many people think that ATC consists of a row of Consist of = comprise, be made up of, be
controllers sitting in front of their radar screens at compose of, comprise, make up.
the nation’s airports, telling arriving and departing Realise = to know
traffic what to do. This is a very incomplete part of and understand something, or suddenly
the picture. The FAA realised that the airspace over
begin to understand it.
the United States would at any time have many
different kinds of planes, flying for many different Accommodate = adapt, acclimatize, adjust.
purposes, in a variety of weather conditions, and the
same kind of structure was needed to
accommodate all of them.
E
To meet this challenge, the following elements were
put into effect. First, ATC extends over virtually the
entire United States. In general, from 365m above Virtually = almost, nearly, near.
the ground and higher, the entire country is Blanket(v) = to cover something with a
blanketed by controlled airspace. In certain areas,
thick layer.
mainly near airports, controlled airspace extends
Bind = require, force, oblige.
down to 215m above the ground, and, in the
immediate vicinity of an airport, all the way down to Recreation = fun, enjoyment, pleasure,
the surface. Controlled airspace is that airspace in good/great time, a blast, entertainment,
which FAA regulations apply. Elsewhere, in relaxation, leisure.
uncontrolled airspace, pilots are bound by fewer
Impose= force, require, obey, make rules.
regulations. In this way, the recreational pilot who
simply wishes to go flying for a while without all the
restrictions imposed by the FAA has only to stay in
uncontrolled airspace, below 365m, while the pilot
who does want the protection afforded by ATC can
easily enter the controlled airspace.
F
The FAA then recognised two types of operating
environments. In good meteorological conditions,
flying would be permitted under Visual Flight Rules
Meteorological = connected with the
(VFR), which suggests a strong reliance on visual
earth's atmosphere and its changes,
cues to maintain an acceptable level of safety. Poor
especially in the way they affect the
visibility necessitated a set of Instrumental Flight
weather.
Rules (IFR), under which the pilot relied on altitude
Reliance = dependence, rely on, hinge on.
and navigational information provided by the
Necessitate = to make it necessary for you
plane’s instrument panel to fly safely. On a clear to do something, essential.
day, a pilot in controlled airspace can choose a VFR Altitude = height above sea level.
or IFR flight plan, and the FAA regulations were Navigation= direction-finding, steering,
devised in a way which accommodates both VFR routing.
and IFR operations in the same airspace. However, Devise sth = plan, invent, develop, to invent
a pilot can only choose to fly IFR if they possess an something new or a new way of doing
instrument rating which is above and beyond the something

Accommodate= if a room, building etc can
basic pilot’s license that must also be held.
accommodate a particular number of people
or things, it has enough space for them.
G
Possess = own, have, hold, to have or own
Controlled airspace is divided into several different
something, or to have a particular quality or
types, designated by letters of the alphabet. features.
Uncontrolled airspace is designated Class F, while
controlled airspace below 5,490m above sea level Designate= elect, label, entitle, to choose
and not in the vicinity of an airport is Class E. All someone or something for a particular job or
airspace above 5,490m is designated Class A. The purpose.
reason for the division of Class E and Class A Stem from= arise from, originate from, come
airspace stems from the type of planes operating in from.

Turboprop: an aircraft that gets power from
them. Generally, Class E airspace is where one
this type of engine.
finds general aviation aircraft (few of which can
Realm = a general area of knowledge,
climb above 5,490m anyway), and commercial
activity or thought.
turboprop aircraft. Above 5,490m is the realm of
Engine= the part of a vehicle that produces
the heavy jets, since jet engines operate more power to make the vehicle move.
efficiently at higher altitudes. The difference Altitude= the height of an object or place
between Class E and A airspace is that in Class A, above the sea.
all operations are IFR, and pilots must be Correspond = agree, tally, relate.
Municipal=relating to or belonging to the
instrument-rated, that is, skilled and licensed in
government of a town or city.
aircraft instrumentation. This is because ATC control
Encompass=to include a wide range of
of the entire space is essential. Three other types of
ideas, subjects, etc.
airspace, Classes D, C and B, govern the vicinity of
Rigorous= very severe or strict, done
airports. These correspond roughly to small carefully and with a lot of attention to detail.
municipal, medium-sized metropolitan and major Explicit = implicit, clear.
metropolitan airports respectively, and encompass Govern: to control and direct the public
an increasingly rigorous set of regulations. For business of a country, city, group of people,
example, all a VFR pilot has to do to enter Class C etc.
airspace is establish two-way radio contact with Cruise = travel, journey.
ATC. No explicit permission from ATC to enter is License = certificate, pass, card, permit.
needed, although the pilot must continue to obey all

regulations governing VFR flight. To enter Class B
airspace, such as on approach to a major
metropolitan airport, an explicit ATC clearance is
required. The private pilot who cruises without
permission into this airspace risks losing their
license.
READING PASSAGE 3
Telepathy
C an human beings communicate by thought

Telepathy: a way of communicating in which
thoughts are sent from one person’s mind to
another person’s mind.
alone? For more than a century the issue of Spark = provoke, cause of something,
telepathy has divided the scientific community, and especially trouble or violence.
even today it still sparks bitter controversy Controversy= argument, disagreement,
among top academics. debate, public discussion.
Since the 1970s, parapsychologists at leading Derision= when you show that you think
someone or something is stupid or silly.
universities and research institutes around the
Sceptical = doubtful, untruthful, suspicious.
world have risked the derision of sceptical
Implication = a possible future effect or result
colleagues by putting the various claims for
of an action, event, decision etc
telepathy to the test in dozens of rigorous scientific
studies. The results and their implications are
dividing even the researchers who uncovered
them.
Constitute = make up, establish, create.
Compelling = Forceful, convincing,
Some researchers say the results constitute
persuasive, very interesting and exciting.
compelling evidence that telepathy is genuine.
Collapse = fall, slip, stumble.
Other parapsychologists believe the field is on the Definitive= ultimate, perfect, best.
brink of collapse, having tried to produce Advocate = someone who publicly supports
definitive scientific proof and failed. Sceptics and someone or something, opponent.
advocates alike do concur on one issue, Meditation=the practice of emptying your mind
however: that the most impressive evidence so far of thoughts and feelings, in order to relax
has come from the so-called 'ganzfeld' completely or for religious reasons.
experiments, a German term that means 'whole Parapsychology = the scientific study
field'. Reports of telepathic experiences had by of mysterious abilities that some people claim
people during meditation led parapsychologists to have, such as knowing what will happen in
the future.
to suspect that telepathy might involve 'signals'
Suspect = doubt, distrust, disbelieve.
passing between people that were so faint that
Faint= quite, barely audible, weak.
they were usually swamped by normal brain Swamp in sth= overwhelm, inundate= to
activity. In this case, such signals might be more suddenly give someone a lot of work, problems
easily detected by those experiencing meditation- etc to deal with.
like tranquillity in a relaxing 'whole field' of light, Tranquil = pleasantly calm, quite, and
sound and warmth. peaceful.
The ganzfeld experiment tries to recreate these Sender = the person who sent a particular
conditions with participants sitting in soft reclining letter, package, message etc.
chairs in a sealed room, listening to relaxing Attempt= try, make an effort, have a shot.
sounds while their eyes are covered with special
Sealed = closed, to formally approve an
filters letting in only soft pink light. In early ganzfeld
experiments, the telepathy test involved agreement.
identification of a picture chosen from a random
selection of four taken from a large image bank.
The idea was that a person acting as a 'sender'
would attempt to beam the image over to the
'receiver' relaxing in the sealed room.
Once the session was over, this person was asked Analyze= examine, scrutinize, investigate.
to identify which of the four images had been used. Typical= usual, normal, standard, average.
Random guessing would give a hit-rate of 25 per Statistical= a set of numbers which represent
cent; if telepathy is real, however, the hit-rate
facts or measurements.
would be higher. In 1982, the results from the first
ganzfeld studies were analysed by one of its
pioneers, the American parapsychologist Charles
Honorton. They pointed to typical hit-rates of
better than 30 per cent - a small effect, but one
which statistical tests suggested could not be put
down to chance.
Flaw= fault, error, mistake.
The implication was that the ganzfeld method had Overlook= fail to notice, fail to see, miss.
revealed real evidence for telepathy. But there was Conventional= a conventional method,
a crucial flaw in this argument - one routinely product, practice etc has been used for a long
overlooked in more conventional areas of
time and is considered the usual type.
science. Just because chance had been ruled out
Prove = show, confirm, demonstrate.
as an explanation did not prove telepathy must
exist; there were many other ways of getting Sensory = relating to the feelings of your body
positive results. These ranged from 'sensory rather than your mind.
leakage' - where clues about the pictures Leakage = when gas, water etc leaks in or out,
accidentally reach the receiver - to outright fraud.
or the amount of it that has leaked.
In response, the researchers issued a review of all
Outright = clear and direct, absolute,
the ganzfeld studies done up to 1985 to show that
80 per cent had found statistically significant complete.
evidence. However, they also agreed that there Fraud= someone or something that is not what
were still too many problems in the experiments they claim to be.
which could lead to positive results, and they drew

up a list demanding new standards for future
research.
After this, many researchers switched to

autoganzfeld tests - an automated variant of the Compelling= very exciting and interesting and
technique which used computers to perform many making you want to watch or listen.
of the key tasks such as the random selection of Consistency= constancy, steadiness, stability.
images. By minimising human involvement, the Defender =protector, supporter, guard.
idea was to minimise the risk of flawed results. In
Detect= discover, find out, reveal, notice.
1987, results from hundreds of autoganzfeld tests
were studied by Honorton in a 'meta-analysis', a Apparent = obvious, clear, seeming.
statistical technique for finding the overall results
from a set of studies. Though less compelling
than before, the outcome was still impressive.
Yet some parapsychologists remain disturbed by
the lack of consistency between individual
ganzfeld studies. Defenders of telepathy point out
that demanding impressive evidence from every
study ignores one basic statistical fact: it takes
large samples to detect small effects. If, as current
results suggest, telepathy produces hit-rates only
marginally above the 25 per cent expected by
chance, it's unlikely to be detected by a typical
ganzfeld study involving around 40 people: the
group is just not big enough. Only when many
studies are combined in a meta-analysis will the
faint signal of telepathy really become apparent.
And that is what researchers do seem to be
finding.
What they are certainly not finding, however, is any Plausible = reasonable, possible, believable.
change in attitude of mainstream scientists: most Esoteric = obscure, mysterious, cryptic,
still totally reject the very idea of telepathy. The
known and understood by only a few people
problem stems at least in part from the lack of any
who have special knowledge about something.
plausible mechanism for telepathy.
Various theories have been put forward, many Quantum = a unit of energy in nuclear
focusing on esoteric ideas from theoretical physics.
physics. They include 'quantum entanglement', in Entanglement = a difficult situation or
which events affecting one group of atoms
relationship that is hard to escape from.
instantly affect another group, no matter how far
apart they may be. While physicists have
demonstrated entanglement with specially Atom = the smallest part of an element that
prepared atoms, no-one knows if it also exists can exist alone or can combine with other
between atoms making up human minds. substances to form a molecule.
Answering such questions would transform
Prompt = quick, rapid, swift, to make someone
parapsychology. This has prompted some
researchers to argue that the future lies not in decide to do something, immediately,
collecting more evidence for telepathy, but in Probe= search, investigate, explore, look for.
probing possible mechanisms. Some work has Trial = test, experiment, examination.
begun already, with researchers trying to identify
people who are particularly successful in
autoganzfeld trials. Early results show that
creative and artistic people do much better than
average: in one study at the University of
Edinburgh, musicians achieved a hit-rate of 56 per
cent. Perhaps more tests like these will eventually
give the researchers the evidence they are seeking
and strengthen the case for the existence of
telepathy.
Test 2
READING PASSAGE 1
Tea and the Industrial Revolution
C ambridge professor says that a change in
drinking habits was the reason for the Industrial

Revolution in Britain. Anjana Abuja reports
Anthropological = the scientific study of
A Alan Macfarlane, professor of anthropological
people, their societies, cultures etc.
science at King’s College, Cambridge has, like other
historians, spent decades wrestling with the Wrestle with sth = struggle , fight,
enigma of the Industrial Revolution. Why did this grapple, to try to understand or find a
particular Big Bang – the world-changing birth of solution to a difficult problem.
industry-happen in Britain? And why did it strike at
Enigma= mystery, puzzle, uncanny.
the end of the 18th century?
B Macfarlane compares the puzzle to a combination Puzzle= mystery, enigma, cryptic.

lock. ‘There are about 20 different factors and all of Take off= start out, begin, launch.
them need to be present before the revolution can Drive= run, energy, ambition,
happen,’ he says. For industry to take off, there determination, initiative.
needs to be the technology and power to drive
Urban= city, town, metropolitan.
factories, large urban populations to provide cheap
labour, easy transport to move goods around, an Labour= workforce, workers, employees.
affluent middle-class willing to buy mass-produced Criterion= standard, principle, rule.
objects, a market-driven economy and a political Sufficient= adequate, enough, plenty.
system that allows this to happen. While this was Coal= a hard-black mineral which is dug
the case for England, other nations, such as Japan,
out of the ground and burnt to produce
the Netherlands and France also met some of these
criteria but were not industrialising. All these factors heat.
must have been necessary. But not sufficient to Convinced= persuaded, swayed, prove.
cause the revolution, says Macfarlane. ‘After all,
Holland had everything except coal while China also
had many of these factors. Most historians are
convinced there are one or two missing factors that
you need to open the lock.
C
The missing factors, he proposes, are to be found Propose= suggest, intend, advice.
in almost even kitchen cupboard. Tea and beer, two Goods= items for sale, things, product,
of the nation’s favourite drinks, fuelled the commodity.
Ingredient= element, part, factor.
revolution. The antiseptic properties of tannin, the
Flourish= thrive, grow, develop.
active ingredient in tea, and of hops in beer – plus
Succumb= give in, surrender, submit.
the fact that both are made with boiled water – Eccentric= unusual, weird, strange.
allowed urban communities to flourish at close Deduction= reasoning, conclusion, logic.
quarters without succumbing to water-borne
Scepticism = sceptical, doubt, suspicious.
diseases such as dysentery. The theory sounds
eccentric but once he starts to explain the detective Strengthen= support, reinforce, care.
work that went into his deduction, the scepticism Notable= important, interesting, excellent,
gives way to wary admiration. Macfarlane’s case or unusual enough to be noticed or
has been strengthened by support from notable mentioned.
quarters – Roy Porter, the distinguished medical Appraisal= assessment, evaluation,
historian, recently wrote a favourable appraisal of judgment, review.
his research.
D
Macfarlane had wondered for a long time how the
Industrial Revolution came about. Historians had Wonder= doubt, question, deliberate.
alighted on one interesting factor around the mid- Alight on= to suddenly find, think of or
18th century that required explanation. Between notice something.
about 1650 and 1740，the population in Britain was Static= constant, unchanging, still.
static. But then there was a burst in population
Infant= newborn baby, very young child.
growth. Macfarlane says: ‘The infant mortality rate
Mortality= death, demise, the way that
halved in the space of 20 years, and this happened
in both rural areas and cities, and across all classes. people do not live forever.
People suggested four possible causes. Was there
a sudden change in the viruses and bacteria
around? Unlikely. Was there a revolution in medical
science? But this was a century before Lister’s
revolution*. Was there a change in environmental
conditions? There were improvements in agriculture
that wiped out malaria, but these were small gains. Wipe out= destroy, eliminate, remove.
Sanitation did not become widespread until the Sanitation = the protection of public
19th century. The only option left is food. But the
health by removing
height and weight statistics show a decline. So the
food must have got worse. Efforts to explain this and treating waste, dirty water etc
sudden reduction in child deaths appeared to draw a Statistics= data, information, figures.
blank.’
E
This population burst seemed to happen at just the
right time to provide labour for the Industrial Deduce= assume, reason, figure out.
Revolution. ‘When you start moving towards an
Regulate= to control an activity or
industrial revolution, it is economically efficient to
have people living close together,’ says Macfarlane. process, especially by rules.
‘But then you get disease, particularly from human Preserve= protect, conserve, reserve.
waste.’ Some digging around in historical records Malt= grain, usually barley, that has been
revealed that there was a change in the incidence kept in water for a time and then dried. It is
of water-borne disease at that time, especially
used for making beer, whisky etc.
dysentery. Macfarlane deduced that whatever the
British were drinking must have been important in
regulating disease. He says, ‘We drank beer. For a
long time, the English were protected by the strong
antibacterial agent in hops, which were added to
help preserve the beer. But in the late 17th century
a tax was introduced on malt, the basic ingredient of
beer. The poor turned to water and gin and in the
1720s the mortality rate began to rise again. Then it
suddenly dropped again. What caused this?’
F
Macfarlane looked to Japan, which was also
Prevalence= dominance, common,
developing large cities about the same time, and
occurrence.
also had no sanitation. Water-borne diseases had a
much looser grip on the Japanese population than Extraordinary= strange, unusual,
those in Britain. Could it be the prevalence of tea in surprising.
their culture? Macfarlane then noted that the history Coincidence= when two things happen at
of tea in Britain provided an extraordinary
the same time.
coincidence of dates. Tea was relatively expensive
Mortality = the number of deaths.
until Britain started a direct dipper trade with China
in the early 18th century. By the 1740s, about the Dip= fall, decline, drop.Purify = clean, get
time that infant mortality was dipping, the drink rid of impurities, sanitize.
was common. Macfarlane guessed that the fact that Out of contention= no longer having a
water had to be boiled, together with the stomach-
chance of winning something.
purifying properties of tea meant that the breast
milk provided by mothers was healthier than it had
ever been. No other European nation sipped tea like
the British, which, by Macfarlanes logic, pushed
these other countries out of contention for the
revolution.
G Forge ahead= to make progress,

But, if tea is a factor in the combination lock, why especially quickly.
didn’t Japan forge ahead in a tea-soaked industrial Revolution= revolt, rebellion, uprising.
revolution of its own? Macfarlane notes that even
Literacy= the state of being able to read
though 17th-century Japan had large cities, high
literacy rates, even a futures market, it had turned and write.
its back on the essence of any work-based Abandoned= neglected, left and no longer
revolution by giving up labour-saving devices such wanted, used or needed.
as animals, afraid that they would put people out of
work. So, the nation that we now think of as one of
the most technologically advanced entered the 19th
century having ‘abandoned the wheel’.
READING PASSAGE 2
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL IN THE USA

A
An accident that occurred in the skies over the Establishment = founding, launch, creation
Grand Canyon in 1956 resulted in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) of the
establishment of the Federal Aviation
United States = a national authority with powers to
Administration (FAA) to regulate and oversee the
operation of aircraft in the skies over the United regulate all aspects of flying in aircraft.
States, which were becoming quite congested. The Congested = full of traffic, overfilled, blocked,
resulting structure of air traffic control has greatly crowded.
increased the safety of flight in the United States, Procedure = process, way, method.
and similar air traffic control procedures are also in
place over much of the rest of the world.
B
Rudimentary air traffic control (ATC) existed well Rudimentary = basic, simple, undeveloped,
before the Grand Canyon disaster. As early as the elementary.
1920s, the earliest air traffic controllers manually Manual = physical, blue-collar, labor-intensive.
guided aircraft in the vicinity of the airports, using
Vicinity (of something) = in the area around a
lights and flags, while beacons and flashing lights
were placed along cross-country routes to establish particular place.
the earliest airways. However, this purely visual Beacons= a light that is put somewhere to warn or
system was useless in bad weather, and, by the guide people, ships, vehicles or aircraft.
1930s, radio communication was coming into use for Visual = relating to seeing
ATC. The first region to have something
Metropolitan= city, urban, municipal.
approximating today’s ATC was New York City, with
other major metropolitan areas following soon
after.
C
In the 1940s, ATC centres could and did take Regulation= rule, directive, guideline.
advantage of the newly developed radar and
Fortuitous= lucky, fortunate, miraculous.
improved radio communication brought about by the
Jet engine = an engine that pushes out a stream
Second World War, but the system remained
rudimentary. It was only after the creation of the of hot air and gases behind it, used in aircraft.
FAA that full-scale regulation of America’s airspace
took place, and this was fortuitous, for the advent
of the jet engine suddenly resulted in a large
number of very fast planes, reducing pilots’ margin
of error and practically demanding some set of rules
to keep everyone well separated and operating

safely in the air.
D
Many people think that ATC consists of a row of
controllers sitting in front of their radar screens at
the nation’s airports, telling arriving and departing Consist of = comprise, be made up of, be
traffic what to do. This is a very incomplete part of compose of, comprise, make up
the picture. The FAA realised that the airspace over Accommodate = adapt, acclimatize, adjust
the United States would at any time have many
different kinds of planes, flying for many different
purposes, in a variety of weather conditions, and the
same kind of structure was needed to
accommodate all of them.
E
To meet this challenge, the following elements were
put into effect. First, ATC extends over virtually the
entire United States. In general, from 365m above
the ground and higher, the entire country is
blanketed by controlled airspace. In certain areas,
mainly near airports, controlled airspace extends
down to 215m above the ground, and, in the
immediate vicinity of an airport, all the way down to
Blanket(v) = to cover something with a thick layer
the surface. Controlled airspace is that airspace in
Bind = require,force,oblige
which FAA regulations apply. Elsewhere, in
uncontrolled airspace, pilots are bound by fewer Recreation = fun = enjoyment = pleasure =
regulations. In this way, the recreational pilot who good/great time = a blast = entertainment =
simply wishes to go flying for a while without all the relaxation = leisure
restrictions imposed by the FAA has only to stay in
Impose= force, require, obey, make rules.
uncontrolled airspace, below 365m, while the pilot
who does want the protection afforded by ATC can
easily enter the controlled airspace.
F
The FAA then recognised two types of operating
environments. In good meteorological conditions,
flying would be permitted under Visual Flight Rules
(VFR), which suggests a strong reliance on visual
cues to maintain an acceptable level of safety. Poor
visibility necessitated a set of Instrumental Flight
Rules (IFR), under which the pilot relied on altitude Meteorological= the scientific study of weather
and navigational information provided by the conditions.
plane’s instrument panel to fly safely. On a clear Reliance = dependence, rely on, hinge on
day, a pilot in controlled airspace can choose a VFR

Necessitate = to make it necessary for you to do
or IFR flight plan, and the FAA regulations were
something, essential.
devised in a way which accommodates both VFR
Altitude= height above sea level
and IFR operations in the same airspace. However,
Navigation= direction-finding…
a pilot can only choose to fly IFR if they possess an Devise sth= to invent something new or a new way
instrument rating which is above and beyond the of doing something
basic pilot’s license that must also be held. Accommodate: if a room, building etc can
G accommodate a particular number of people or
Controlled airspace is divided into several different things, it has enough space for them.
types, designated by letters of the alphabet.
Possess= to have or own something, or to have a
Uncontrolled airspace is designated Class F, while
particular quality
controlled airspace below 5,490m above sea level
and not in the vicinity of an airport is Class E. All
airspace above 5,490m is designated Class A. The
reason for the division of Class E and Class A
airspace stems from the type of planes operating in
Designate: to choose someone or something for a
them. Generally, Class E airspace is where one
particular job or purpose.
finds general aviation aircraft (few of which can
climb above 5,490m anyway), and commercial Stem from= arise from, originate from, come
turboprop aircraft. Above 5,490m is the realm of from…
the heavy jets, since jet engines operate more Turboprop: an aircraft that gets power from this
efficiently at higher altitudes. The difference
type of engine.
between Class E and A airspace is that in Class A,
Realm = a general area of knowledge, activity or
all operations are IFR, and pilots must be
instrument-rated, that is, skilled and licensed in thought.
aircraft instrumentation. This is because ATC control Engine= the part of a vehicle that produces power
of the entire space is essential. Three other types of to make the vehicle move.
airspace, Classes D, C and B, govern the vicinity of Altitude= the height of an object or place above
airports. These correspond roughly to small
the sea.
municipal, medium-sized metropolitan and major
metropolitan airports respectively, and encompass Municipal=relating to or belonging to the
an increasingly rigorous set of regulations. For government of a town or city.
example, all a VFR pilot has to do to enter Class C Encompass=to include a wide range of ideas,
airspace is establish two-way radio contact with subjects, etc.
ATC. No explicit permission from ATC to enter is
needed, although the pilot must continue to obey all
regulations governing VFR flight. To enter Class B Rigorous= very severe or strict, done carefully and
airspace, such as on approach to a major with a lot of attention to detail.
metropolitan airport, an explicit ATC clearance is
required. The private pilot who cruises without
permission into this airspace risks losing their
license.
Govern=to control and direct the public business of
a country, city, group of people, etc.:
Cruise= travel, journey, tour.
READING PASSAGE 3
Museums of fine art and their public
T he fact that people go to the Louvre museum Original= real, initial, primary.
Reproduction= copy, imitation, replica,
in Paris to see the original painting Mona Lisa duplicate.
when they can see a reproduction anywhere Assumption= supposition, guess,
leads us to question some assumptions about the hypothesis.
role of museums of fine art in today’s world Fine= very well, excellent, top quality.
One of the most famous works of art in the world is

Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa. Nearly everyone Novel= work of fiction, story, book.
who goes to see the original will already be familiar Bother= to make the effort to do
with it from reproductions, but they accept that fine something.
art is more rewardingly viewed in its original form. Evolve= develop, grow, advance.
However, if Mona Lisa was a famous novel, few
Precisely= exactly, correctly, accurately.
people would bother to go to a museum to read
the writer’s actual manuscript rather than a printed Interpret= translate, express, analyze,
reproduction. This might be explained by the fact explain
that the novel has evolved precisely because of Convention= rule, principle, standard.
technological developments that made it possible Signify= mean, indicate, show, be a sign
to print out huge numbers of texts, whereas oil
of smt.
paintings have always been produced as unique
objects. In addition, it could be argued that the
practice of interpreting or ‘reading’ each medium
follows different conventions. With novels, the
reader attends mainly to the meaning of words
rather than the way they are printed on the page,
whereas the ‘reader’ of a painting must attend just
as closely to the material form of marks and
shapes in the picture as to any ideas they may
signify.
Facsimile= exact copy, duplicate,
Yet it has always been possible to make very
reproduction.
accurate facsimiles of pretty well any fine art
work. The seven surviving versions of Mona Lisa Witness= see, observe, watcher.
bear witness to the fact that in the 16th century, Assign= allocate, give, distribute.
artists seemed perfectly content to assign the Workshop= class, seminar, factory.
reproduction of their creations to their workshop Apprentice= trainee, learner, beginner.
apprentices as regular ‘bread and butter’ work. Bread and butter work= bread-and-butter
And today the task of reproducing pictures is more work is work that is not very exciting but
simple and reliable, with reprographic techniques provides you with most of the money that
that allow the production of high- incomparably you need in order to live.
Incomparable = extremely
quality prints made exactly to the original scale,
good, beautiful etc, and much better than
with faithful colour values, and even with
others.
duplication of the surface relief of the painting. Scale= a set of numbers, amounts, etc,
But despite an implicit recognition that the spread used to measure or compare the level of
of good reproductions can be culturally valuable, something, size.
museums continue to promote the special status of Faithful= true, exact, reliable.
original work. Duplication= replication, copying, mimic.
Unfortunately, this seems to place severe
limitations on the kind of experience offered to
visitors.
Exhibit= display, show, demonstrate.

One limitation is related to the way the museum
Repository = store, container, storeroom.
presents its exhibits. As repositories of unique
historical objects, art museums are often called Treasure= paragon, pearl, prize, very
‘treasure houses’. We are reminded of this even valuable things.
before we view a collection by the presence of Content = happy, satisfied, gratified.
security guards, attendants, ropes and display Rope= very strong thick string made by
cases to keep us away from the exhibits. In many
twisting thinner strings, wires, etc.
cases, the architectural style of the building further
reinforces that notion. In addition, a major together.
collection like that of London’s National Gallery is Reinforce= strengthen, support, underpin,
housed in numerous rooms, each with dozens of advocate, fortify.
works, any one of which is likely to be worth more Notion=idea, view, opinion, belief.
than all the average visitor possesses. In a society
Possess= have, own, hold.
that judges the personal status of the individual so
much by their material worth, it is therefore difficult
not to be impressed by one’s own relative
‘worthlessness’ in such an environment.
Monetary= financial, economic, currency.
Furthermore, consideration of the ‘value’ of the
Institution= organization, foundation,
original work in its treasure house setting
impresses upon the viewer that, since these works institute.
were originally produced, they have been assigned Alter= to become different; to make
a huge monetary value by some person or somebody/something different, change.
institution more powerful than themselves. Deter= discourage, prevent, frighten.
Evidently, nothing the viewer thinks about the work
is going to alter that value, and so today’s viewer
is deterred from trying to extend that
spontaneous, immediate, self-reliant kind of Spontaneous= unstructured, unplanned,

reading which would originally have met the work. disorganized, natural.
The visitor may then be struck by the strangeness Diverse= various, varied, varied.
of seeing such diverse paintings, drawings and
Realistically= sensibly, practically,
sculptures brought together in an environment for
which they were not originally created. This logically.
‘displacement effect’ is further heightened by the
sheer volume of exhibits. In the case of a major
collection, there are probably more works on
display than we could realistically view in weeks
or even months.
This is particularly distressing because time Distressing= upsetting, painful, sad.

seems to be a vital factor in the appreciation of all Vital= very important, fundamental,
art forms. A fundamental difference between
essential, crucial, central.
paintings and other art forms is that there is no
Appreciation= admiration, approval,
prescribed time over which a painting is viewed.
By contrast, the audience encourage an opera or a enjoyment.
play over a specific time, which is the duration of Fundamental = basic, primary, essential.
the performance. Similarly novels and poems are Prescribed = decided by a rule.
read in a prescribed temporal sequence, whereas
Superficially= apparently, cursorily,
a picture has no clear place at which to start
viewing, or at which to finish. Thus art works rapidly.
themselves encourage us to view them
superficially, without appreciating the richness of
detail and labour that is involved.
Consequently, the dominant critical approach

Dominant= main, leading, prevailing.
becomes that of the art historian, a specialised
Critical= significant, dramatical, important.
academic approach devoted to ‘discovering the
Devote= give, dedicate, offer.
meaning’ of art within the cultural context of its
Harmony= a state of peaceful existence
time. This is in perfect harmony with the museum and agreement.
s function, since the approach is dedicated to Conserve= protect, save, preserve.
seeking out and conserving ‘authentic’, original, Criticism= a statement showing
readings of the exhibits. Again, this seems to put disapproval.
paid to that spontaneous, participators criticism Abundance= loads, great quantity, plenty.
which can be found in abundance in criticism of Absent=not in the place where you are
classic works of literature, but is absent from most expected to be.
art history.
The displays of art museums serve as a warning Warning= notice of a possible danger or
problem.
of what critical practices can emerge when
Suppress = overpower, conquer, defeat.
spontaneous criticism is suppressed. The
museum public, like any other audience, Rewarding= satisfying, worthwhile

experience art more rewardingly when given the Render = express, present
confidence to express their views. If appropriate permanently = forever, lastingly,
works of fine art could be rendered permanently eternally.
accessible to the public by means of high-fidelity Somewhat = rather, slightly, fairly.
reproductions, as literature and music already are, Establishment= organization, institution.
the public may feel somewhat less in awe of them.
Unfortunately, that may be too much to ask from
those who seek to maintain and control the art
establishment.

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CÁCH 1: LÀM TEST TRƯỚC, HỌC TỪ VỰNG SAU

CÁCH 2: HỌC TỪ VỰNG TRƯỚC, LÀM TEST SAU

Tóm lại, mình ví dụ 1 chu trình đầy đủ theo cách này

B1. Đọc hiểu và học từ cuốn Boost your vocabulary 13

B2. Làm test 1 trong cuốn Boost your vocabulary 10

O ur conception of time depends on the way we

time, introducing calendars to co-ordinate things work together.

seasons. Hence, the calendars that were developed over time.

C Formulate= invent, create, make, develop

D Track = follow, path, way, to record the

pendulum swung in a large arc and thus was not

A n accident that occurred in the skies over the

establishment of the Federal Aviation powers to regulate all aspects of flying in

instrument rating which is above and beyond the something

airspace stems from the type of planes operating in from.

needed, although the pilot must continue to obey all

C an human beings communicate by thought

which could lead to positive results, and they drew

After this, many researchers switched to

C ambridge professor says that a change in

drinking habits was the reason for the Industrial

B Macfarlane compares the puzzle to a combination Puzzle= mystery, enigma, cryptic.

G Forge ahead= to make progress,

AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL IN THE USA

to keep everyone well separated and operating

day, a pilot in controlled airspace can choose a VFR

One of the most famous works of art in the world is

Exhibit= display, show, demonstrate.

spontaneous, immediate, self-reliant kind of Spontaneous= unstructured, unplanned,

This is particularly distressing because time Distressing= upsetting, painful, sad.

Consequently, the dominant critical approach

museum public, like any other audience, Rewarding= satisfying, worthwhile

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