Boost Your Vocabulary IELTS Trainer 2 - Test 1 - a&M IELTS Đinh Thắng

Cuốn sách này là của
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Điểm mục tiêu cho phần thi IELTS Reading là: …………
Để làm được điều này, mình sẽ đọc cuốn sách này ít nhất …. lần/tuần.
Tài liệu gốc The Official Cambridge Guide to IELTS của NXB Đại học Cambridge-Mua sách gốc tại link
Biên tập cuốn sách Boost your vocabulary này được thực hiện bởi IELTS Family-Các nhóm tự học IELTS
LỜI GIỚI THIỆU
Chào các bạn,
Các bạn đang cầm trên tay cuốn “Boost your vocabulary” được biên soạn bởi mình và các giáo viên
trong nhóm A&M|IELTS – A&M English Language Research Center. Cuốn sách được viết nhằm mục
đích giúp các bạn đang muốn cải thiện vốn từ vựng cho phần thi Reading trong IELTS. Sách được
viết dựa trên nền tảng bộ IELTS Trainer 2 của Nhà xuất bản Đại học Cambridge – Anh Quốc.
Trong quá trình thực hiện, mình và các bạn trong nhóm đã dành nhiều thời gian để nghiên cứu cách
thức đưa nội dung sao cho khoa học và dễ dùng nhất với các bạn. Tuy vậy, cuốn sách không khỏi có
những hạn chế nhất định. Mọi góp ý để cải thiện nội dung cuốn sách mọi người xin gửi về email
Trân trọng cảm ơn,
Đinh Thắng
TÁC GIẢ & NHÓM THỰC HIỆN
Thầy giáo Đinh Thắng
Hiện tại là giáo viên dạy IELTS tại Hà Nội
từ cuối năm 2012, sáng lập A&M | IELTS
cung cấp các khóa học IELTS và tiếng
Anh học thuật. Chứng chỉ ngành ngôn
ngữ Anh, đại học Brighton, Anh Quốc,
2016.Từng làm việc tại tổ chức giáo dục
quốc tế Language Link Việt Nam (2011-
2012)
Facebook.com/dinhthangielts
… cùng các giáo viên trong team A&M | IELTS: Như Ngọc & Hoàng Anh.
BOOST YOUR VOCABULARY – IELTS TRAINER 2 1
03 LÝ DO TẠI SAO NÊN HỌC TỪ VỰNG

THEO CUỐN SÁCH NÀY
1. Không còn mất nhiều thời gian cho việc tra từ
Các từ học thuật (academic words) trong sách đều có kèm giải thích hoặc từ đồng nghĩa. Bạn
tiết kiệm được đáng kể thời gian gõ từng từ vào từ điển và tra. Chắc chắn những bạn thuộc dạng
“không được chăm chỉ lắm trong việc tra từ vựng” sẽ thích điều này.
2. Tập trung bộ nhớ vào các từ quan trọng
Mặc dù cuốn sách không tra hết các từ giúp bạn nhưng sách đã chọn ra các từ quan trọng và
phổ biến nhất giúp bạn. Như vậy, bạn có thể tập trung bộ nhớ vào các từ này, thay vì phải mất
công nhớ các từ không quan trọng. Bạn nào đạt Reading từ 7.0 trở lên đều sẽ thấy rất nhiều
trong số các từ này thuộc loại hết sức quen thuộc
3. Học một từ nhớ nhiều từ
Rất nhiều từ được trình bày theo synonym (từ đồng nghĩa), giúp các bạn có thể xem lại và học
thêm các từ có nghĩa tương đương hoặc giống như từ gốc. Có thể nói, đây là phương pháp học
hết sức hiệu quả vì khi học một từ như impact, bạn có thể nhớ lại hoặc học thêm một loạt các từ
nghĩa tương đương như significant, vital, imperative, chief, key. Nói theo cách khác thì nếu khả
năng ghi nhớ của bạn tốt thì cuốn sách này giúp bạn đấy số lượng từ vựng lên một cách đáng kể.
1
Tài liệu gốc Cambridge IELTS của NXB Đại học Cambridge-Mua sách gốc tại link
Biên tập cuốn sách Boost your vocabulary này được thực hiện bởi thầy Đinh Thắng & IELTS Family-Các nhóm tự học IELTS
HƯỚNG DẪN SỬ DỤNG SÁCH

ĐỐI TƯỢNG SỬ DỤNG SÁCH
Nhìn chung các bạn cần có mức độ từ vựng tương đương 5.5 trở lên (theo thang điểm 9 của
IELTS), nếu không có thể sẽ gặp nhiều khó khăn trong việc sử dụng sách này.
CÁC BƯỚC SỬ DỤNG
CÁCH 1: LÀM TEST TRƯỚC, HỌC TỪ VỰNG SAU
Bước 1: Bạn in cuốn sách này ra. Nên in bìa màu để có thêm động lực học. Cuốn sách
được thiết kế cho việc đọc trực tiếp, không phải cho việc đọc online nên bạn nào đọc online sẽ có
thể thấy khá bất tiện khi tra cứu, đối chiếu từ vựng
Bước 2: Tìm mua cuốn Cambridge IELTS Trainer 2 của Nhà xuất bản Cambridge để làm.
Hãy cẩn thận đừng mua nhầm sách lậu. Sách của nhà xuất bản Cambridge được tái bản tại Việt
Nam thường có bìa và giấy dày, chữ rất rõ nét.
Bước 3: Làm một bài test hoặc passage bất kỳ trong bộ sách trên. Ví dụ passage 1,
test 1.
Bước 4: Đối chiếu với cuốn sách này, bạn sẽ lọc ra các từ vựng quan trọng cần học.
Bạn sẽ thấy
4.1 Cột bên trái là bản text gốc, trong đó bôi đậm các từ học thuật - academic word
4.2 Cột bên phải chứa các từ vựng này theo kèm định nghĩa (definition) hoặc từ đồng
nghĩa (synonym)
2
CÁCH 2: HỌC TỪ VỰNG TRƯỚC, ĐỌC TEST SAU
Bước 1: Bạn in cuốn sách này ra. Nên in bìa màu để có thêm động lực học. Cuốn sách
được thiết kế cho việc đọc trực tiếp, không phải cho việc đọc online nên bạn nào đọc online sẽ có
thể thấy khá bất tiện khi tra cứu, đối chiếu từ vựng
Bước 2: Đọc cột bên trái như đọc báo. Duy trì hàng ngày. Khi nào không hiểu từ nào
thì xem nghĩa hoặc synonym của từ đó ở cột bên phải. Giai đoạn này giúp bạn phát triển
việc đọc tự nhiên, thay vì đọc theo kiểu làm test. Bạn càng hiểu nhiều càng tốt. Cố gắng
nhớ từ theo ngữ cảnh.
Bước 3: Làm một bài test hoặc passage bất kỳ trong bộ sách IELTS Trainer hoặc
một trong các bộ Cambridge IELTS 8-16. Làm test xong thì cố gắng phát hiện các từ
đã học. Bạn nào có khả năng ghi nhớ tốt chắc chắn sẽ gặp lại rất nhiều từ đã học. Bạn
nào có khả năng ghi nhớ vừa phải cũng sẽ gặp lại không ít từ.
Bước 4: Đọc cuốn Boost your vocabulary tương ứng với test bạn vừa làm. Ví dụ trong cuốn
Boost your vocabulary 16.
3
TEST 1
READING PASSAGE 1
priceless= expensive, costly, precious
P eople from almost every culture love collecting

worthless= useless, without value,
valueless
ticket stub= the part of a ticket that is
given back to you after it has
things. They might collect stamps, books, cards,
been torn, as proof that you have
priceless paintings or worthless ticket stubs to old paid
sports games. Their collection might hang on the walls mansion= castle, villa, tower
of a mansion or be stored in a box under the bed. So store= keep, put away, save
drive= make, force, oblige
what is it that drives people to collect? Psychologist Dr psychologist= someone who is
Maria Richter argues that the urge to collect is a basic trained in psychology (the study of
human characteristic. According to her, in the very first the mind and how it
years of life we form emotional connections with lifeless influences people’s behaviour)
urge= wish, desire, need
objects such as soft toys. And these positive characteristic= feature, trait, quality
relationships are the starting point for our fascination lifeless= dead, unmoving, motionless
with collecting objects. In fact, the desire to collect may starting point= root, foundation, basis
fascination= attraction, interest,
go back further still. Scientists suggest that for some captivation
ancient humans living hundreds of thousands of years ancient= very old, antique, prehistoric
ago, collecting may have had a serious purpose. Only sufficient= enough, adequate,
satisfactory
by collecting sufficient food supplies to last through last= survive, keep going, live
freezing winters or dry summers could our ancestors ancestor= a member of your family
stay alive until the weather improved. who lived a long time ago
archaeologist= someone who
is trained in archaeology (the study
of ancient societies by examining
4
It turns out that even collecting for pleasure has a very what remains of their buildings,
graves, tools etc)
long history. In 1925, the archaeologist Leonard historic= a historic event or act
Woolley was working at a site in the historic Babylonian is very important and will be
city of Ur. Woolley had travelled to the region intending recorded as part of history
intend= plan, aim, be going to
only to excavate the site of a palace. Instead, to his excavate= dig, unearth, mine
astonishment, he dug up artefacts which appeared to astonishment= surprise, amazement,
belong to a 2,500-year-old museum. Among the objects shock
artefact= an object such as
was part of a statue and a piece of a local building. And a tool, weapon etc that was made in
accompanying some of the artefacts were descriptions the past and is historically important
like modern-day labels. These texts appeared in three appear= seem, look like, give the idea
accompanying= go together with, go
languages and were carved into pieces of clay. It along with, come with
seems likely that this early private collection of objects label= sticker, tag, marker
was created by Princess Ennigaldi, the daughter of King carve= slice, cut, shape
Nabonidus. However, very little else is known about
Princess Ennigaldi or what her motivations were for
setting up her collection.
fashion= trend, fad, craze
This may have been one of the first large private establish= start, begin, form
collections, but it was not the last. Indeed, the fashion display= show, present, exhibit
typically= normally, usually, often
for establishing collections really got started in Europe exhibit= display, show, presentation
around 2,000 years later with the so-called 'Cabinets of specimen= sample, model, example
Curiosities'. These were collections, usually belonging to
wealthy families, that were displayed in cabinets or
small rooms. Cabinets of Curiosities typically included
fine paintings and drawings, but equal importance was
given to exhibits from the natural world such as animal significant= important, major,
specimens, shells and plants. noteworthy
sort= kind, type, category
originally= first, initially, in the
Some significant private collections of this sort date beginning
from the fifteenth century. One of the first belonged to gem= precious stone, jewel, treasure
the Medici family. The Medicis became a powerful artwork= painting, sculpture, work of
art
political family in Italy and later a royal house, but antique= a piece of furniture,
banking was originally the source of all their wealth. jewellery etc that was made a very
The family started by collecting coins and valuable long time ago and is therefore
valuable
gems, then artworks and antiques from around house= keep, contain, store
Europe. In 1570 a secret 'studio' was built inside the solid= strong, fixed, sturdy
Palazzo Medici to house their growing collection. This fabulous= wonderful, fantastic,
magnificent
exhibition room had solid walls without windows to keep physician= doctor, surgeon, medical
the valuable collection safe. doctor
contain= have, include, comprise
numerous= many, plentiful, various
In the seventeenth century, another fabulous collection skeleton= bone, frame, carcass
was created by a Danish physician named Ole Worm. text= writing, script, transcript
His collection room contained numerous skeletons laboratory= workroom, test center,
workshop
and specimens, as well as ancient texts and a point out= show, reveal, mention
laboratory. One of Ole Worm's motivations was to claim= statement, declaration,
point out when other researchers had made mistakes, assertion
5
such as the false claim that birds of paradise had no auk= a black and white seabird with
short wings
feet. He also owned a great auk, a species of bird that extinct= nonexistent, died out,
has now become extinct, and the illustration he destroyed
produced of it has been of value to later scientists. illustration= drawing, photograph,
diagram
passion= desire, craving, urge
The passion for collecting was just as strong in the translate= convert, transform, change
nineteenth century. Lady Charlotte Guest spoke at least acquire= get, gain, obtain
pottery= ceramic objects, stoneware,
six languages and became well-known for translating earthenware
English books into Welsh. She also travelled widely goldsmith= someone who makes
throughout Europe acquiring old and rare pottery, or sells things made from gold
enormous= huge, vast, massive
which she added to her collection at home in southern particularly= especially, specifically,
England. When Lady Charlotte died in 1895 this outstandingly
collection was given to the Victoria and Albert Museum legacy= money or property that
you receive from someone after
in London. At around the same time in the north of they die
England, a wealthy goldsmith named Joseph Mayer fund= pay for, sponsor, subsidize
was building up an enormous collection of artefacts, in accordance with= according to, in
agreement with, consistent with
particularly those dug up from sites in his local area.
His legacy, the Mayer Trust, continues to fund public
lectures in accordance with his wishes.
magnificent= beautiful, impressive,
In the twentieth century, the writer Beatrix Potter had a wonderful
magnificent collection of books, insects, plants and botanical= plant, vegetal, botanic
fossil= an animal or plant that lived
other botanical specimens. Most of these were donated many thousands of years ago and
to London's Natural History Museum, but Beatrix held on that has been preserved
to her cabinets of fossils, which she was particularly associate= relate, link, connect
cope= handle, manage, deal with
proud of. In the United States, President Franklin D. taking time out= to rest or do
Roosevelt began his stamp collection as a child and something different from
continued to add to it all his life. The stress associated your usual job or activities
expand= increase, grow, develop
with being president was easier to cope with, Roosevelt
said, by taking time out to focus on his collection. By
the end of his life this had expanded to include model
ships, coins and artworks.
suggest= show, point out, indicate
Most of us will never own collections so large or share= have the same opinion,
quality, or experience as someone
valuable as these. However, the examples given here else
suggest that collecting is a passion that has been countless= uncountable,
shared by countless people over many centuries. innumerable, limitless # few
6
READING PASSAGE 2
overshadow= reduce, minimize,
F or much of the twentieth century, documentary films

dominate
counterpart= something that has the
same job or purpose as someone or
something else
were overshadowed by their more successful
frequently= often, regularly, normally
Hollywood counterparts. For a number of reasons, ignore= disregard, overlook, mistreat
documentaries were frequently ignored by critics and critic= reviewer, commentator, judge
film studies courses at universities. Firstly, the very idea suspicious= doubtful, skeptical,
distrustful
of documentary film made some people suspicious. As ambition= desire, dream, hope
the critic Dr Helmut Fischer put it, ‘Documentary makers non-fiction= about real facts or
might have ambitions to tell the “truth” and show only events, not imagined ones
record= film, make a recording, video
“facts” but there is no such thing as a non-fiction film. incident= event, occasion, occurrence
That’s because, as soon as you record an incident on alter= change, shift, vary
camera, you are altering its reality in a fundamental fundamental= basic, primary, original
precise= exact, accurate, specific
way’. Secondly, even supporters of documentaries could definition= explanation, description,
not agree on a precise definition, which did little to meaning
improve the reputation of the genre. Lastly, there were reputation= status, standing, name
genre= type, sort, category
also concerns about the ethics of filming subjects ethic= moral belief, principle, ethos
without their consent, which is a necessity in many consent= agreement, permission,
documentary films. approval
B None of this prevented documentaries from being

produced, though exactly when the process started is open to question= in doubt,
undecided, uncertain
open to question. It is often claimed that Nanook of the depict= show, represent, describe
North was the first documentary. Made by the American heroic= fearless, courageous, brave
filmmaker Robert J. Flaherty in 1922, the film depicts
7
the hard, sometimes heroic lives of native American native= local, indigenous, natural #
foreign
peoples in the Canadian Arctic. Nanook of the North is set off= begin, start, originate
said to have set off a trend that continued though the
1920s with the films of Dziga Vertov in the Soviet Union
and works by other filmmakers around the world.
However, that 1922 starting point has been disputed work= creation, product, masterpiece
by supporters of an earlier date. Among this group is starting point= beginning, foundation,
basis
film historian Anthony Berwick, who argues that the dispute= argue, debate, discuss
genre can be traced back as early as 1895, when trace= find, discover, track
similar films started to appear, including newsreels, newsreel= news film, news report,
news movie
scientific films and accounts of journeys of exploration. account= description, explanation,
report
C In the years following 1922, one particular style of
documentary started to appear. These films adopted a particular= exact, specific, actual
serious tone while depicting the lives of actual people. adopt= accept, take on, implement
Cameras were mounted on tripods and subjects tone= atmosphere, ambiance, feeling
mount= install, equip, inset
rehearsed and repeated activities for the purposes of tripod= stand, support, trivet
the film. British filmmaker John Grierson was an subject= issue, matter, theme
important member of this group. Grierson’s career rehearse= practice, prepare, repeat
last= continue, persist, go on
lasted nearly 40 years, beginning with Drifters (1929) culminate= end, finish, close
and culminating with I Remember, I Remember (1968). reject= refuse, deny, disallow
However, by the 1960s Grierson’s style of film was movement= organization, group,
association
being rejected by the Direct Cinema movement, which authentic= real, genuine, accurate
wanted to produce more natural and authentic films: hand-held= small enough to hold in
cameras were hand-held; no additional lighting or your hand when you use it
additional= extra, added, other
sound was used; and the subjects did not rehearse. principle= code, belief, standard
According to film writer Paula Murphy, the principles distinct= separate, different,
and methods of Direct Cinema brought documentaries distinctive
worthy= to deserve to be thought
to the attention of universities and film historians as about or treated in a particular way
never before. Documentaries started to be recognized scholarly= academic, knowledgeable,
as a distinct genre worthy of serious scholarly intellectual
analysis= testing, assessment,
analysis. evaluation
D Starting in the 1980s, the widespread availability of widespread= prevalent, extensive,

common
first video and then digital cameras transformed availability= accessibility, ease of
filmmaking. The flexibility and low cost of these devices use, obtainability
meant that anyone could now be a filmmaker. transform= change, renovate, convert
flexibility= the ability to change or be
Amateurs working from home could compete with changed easily to suit a different
professionals in ways never possible before. The situation
appearance of online film-sharing platforms in the early amateur= someone who does an
activity just for pleasure, not as their
2000s only increased the new possibilities for amateur job
documentaries were being made, perhaps the most platform= a system used
popular documentary of 2006 was still the professionally to broadcast television or radio
programmes
made An Inconvenient Truth. New cameras and digital possibility= chance, opportunity,
platforms revolutionised the making of films. But as likelihood
critic Maria Fiala has pointed out, ‘ The arguments
8
sometimes put forward that these innovations revolutionise= change, transform,

modernize
immediately transformed what the public expected to argument= disagreement, quarrel,
see in a documentary isn’t entirely accurate.’ dispute
put forward= suggest, present, state
innovation= improvement, revolution,
E However, a new generation of documentary modernization
filmmakers then emerged, and with them came a new entirely= fully, totally, completely
philosophy of the genre. These filmmakers moved
away from highlighting political themes or urgent
social issues. Instead the focus moved inwards, emerge= appear, arise, begin
exploring personal lives, relationships and emotions. It philosophy= attitude, viewpoint,
thinking
could be argued that Catfish (2010) was a perfect highlighting= stress, emphasize,
example of this new trend. The film chronicles the underscore
everyday lives and interactions of the social media theme= idea, topic, subject
urgent= crucial, vital, serious
generation and was both a commercial and critical inward= inside, in, within
success. Filmmaker Josh Camberwell maintains that chronicle= report, narrate, record
Catfish embodies a new realization that documentaries interaction= communication,
collaboration, contact
are inherently subjective and that this should be maintain= argue, claim, declare
celebrated. Says Camberwell, ‘It is a requirement for embody= represent, symbolize,
documentary makers to express a particular viewpoint express
inherently= naturally,
and give personal responses to the material they are characteristically, innately
recording.’ subjective= personal, individual,
particular
requirement= necessity, obligation,
F The popularity and variety of documentaries today is condition
illustrated by the large number of film festivals focusing on
the genre around the world. The biggest of all must be Hot
Docs Festival in Canada, which over the years has
variety= mixture, multiplicity, diversity
showcased hundreds of documentaries from more than 50
illustrate= show, prove, exemplify
different countries. Even older is the Hamburg International showcase= show the good
Short Film Festival. As its name suggests, Hamburg qualities of a person,
specializes in short films, but one category takes this to its organization, product etc
limits – entries may not exceed three minutes in duration. specialize= focus, concentrate,
specify
The Short and Sweet Festival is a slightly smaller event held category= type, kind, sort
in Utah, USA. The small size of the festival means that for entry= opening, beginning, start
first-timers this is the ideal venue to try to get some duration= time, length, period
recognition for their films. Then there is the Atlanta first-timer= someone who does
something for the first time
Shortsfest, which is a great event for a wide variety of venue= place, site, location
filmmakers. Atlanta welcomes all established types of recognition= respect, appreciation,
documentaries and recognises the growing popularity of gratitude
animations, with a category specifically for films of this established= well-known, recognized,
type. These are just a few of the scores of film festivals on reputable
animation= cartoon, moving picture,
offer, and there are more being established every year. All in computer graphics
all, it has never been easier for documentary makers to get specifically= specially, particularly,
their films in front of an audience purposely
score of something= a lot of people
or things
on offer= available to be
bought, chosen, or used
audience= viewers, spectators,
watchers
9
READING PASSAGE 3
in the wild= in natural and free
W hen viewed in the wild, jellyfish are perhaps the

conditions, not kept or controlled by
people
graceful= beautiful, elegant, attractive
vividly= brightly, vibrantly, colorfully
most graceful and vividly coloured of all sea
creature= animal, organism, living thing
creatures. But few people have seen a jellyfish living habitat= environment, home, territory
in its natural habitat. Instead, they might see a dead specimen= sample, case, example
and shapeless specimen lying on the beach, or inevitable= unavoidable, certain,
foreseeable
perhaps receive a painful sting while swimming, so it is consider= believe, think, regard as
inevitable that jellyfish are often considered ugly and trace= find, track, locate
possibly dangerous. This misunderstanding can be massive= huge, enormous, gigantic
mechanical= automatic, motorized,
partly traced back to the 20th century, when the use machine-driven
of massive nets and mechanical winches often winch= a machine with
damaged the delicate jellyfish that scientists managed a rope or chain for lifting heavy objects
disappointingly= badly, undesirably,
to recover. As a result, disappointingly little research insufficiently
was carried out into jellyfish, as marine biologists took delicate= weak, fragile, insubstantial
the easy option and focused on physically stronger marine= sea, oceanic, maritime
technique= method, practice, skill
species such as fish, crabs and shrimp. Fortunately, bounce off= immediately move up
however, new techniques are now being developed. or away from a surface after hitting it
For example, scientists have discovered that sound sonar= equipment on
a ship or submarine that
bounces harmlessly off jellyfish, so in the Arctic and uses sound waves to find out the
Norway researchers are using sonar to monitor position of objects under the water
jellyfish beneath the ocean’s surface. This, together monitor= watch, supervise, observe
with aeroplane surveys, satellite imagery and
10
underwater cameras, has provided a wealth of new satellite= a machine that has
been sent into space and goes around
information in recent years. the earth, moon etc, used
for radio, television, and
Scientists now believe that in shallow water alone other electronic communication
shallow= low, thin, surface
there are at least 38 million tonnes of jellyfish and inhabit= live, occupy, populate
these creatures inhabit every type of marine habitat, regard= think, consider, deem
including deep water. Furthermore, jellyfish were once solitary= lonely, private, independent
evolve= change, grow, develop
regarded as relatively solitary, but this is another ecosystem= environment, ecology,
area where science has evolved. Dr Karen Hansen system
was the first to suggest that jellyfish are in fact the tentacle= one of the long thin parts of
a sea creature such as
centre of entire ecosystems, as shrimp, lobster, and an octopus which it uses for holding
fish shelter and feed among their tentacles. This things
proposition has subsequently been conclusively proposition= suggestion, proposal, plan
subsequently= then, later, consequently
proven by independent studies. DNA sequencing and conclusively= decisively, finally,
isotope analysis have provided further insights, convincingly
including the identification of numerous additional sequencing= when things
are arranged in an order, especially
species of jellyfish unknown to science only a few events or actions
years ago. isotope= element, form, variant
insight= understanding, awareness,
perception
This brings us to the issue of climate change. identification= recognition, detection,
Research studies around the world have recorded a discovery
massive growth in jellyfish populations in recent years numerous= many, plentiful, various
and some scientists have linked this to climate
change. However, while this may be credible, it credible= believable, reliable,
cannot be established with certainty as other factors trustworthy
establish= prove, show, confirm
might be involved. Related to this was the certainty= sureness, belief, assurance
longstanding academic belief that jellyfish had no involved= affected, engaged, concerned
predators and therefore there was no natural process longstanding= long-lasting, old, ancient
predator= hunter, killer, marauder
to limit their numbers. However, observations made observation= watching, surveillance,
by Paul Dewar and his team showed that this was scrutiny
incorrect. As a result, the scientific community now prey on= feed on, kill, live on
recognises that species including sharks, tuna,
swordfish and some salmon all prey on jellyfish.
It is still widely assumed that jellyfish are among the

simplest lifeforms, as they no brain or central nervous assume= suppose, think, believe
system. While this is true, we now know they nervous system= your nerves, brain,
and spinal cord, with which your body
possess senses that allow them to see, feel and feels pain, heat etc and
interact with their environment on subtle ways. What your movements are controlled
is more, analysis of so-called ‘upside-down jellyfish’ possess= have, own, hold
sense= feeling, awareness,
shows that they shut down their bodies and rest in consciousness
much the same way that humans do at night, interact= cooperate, relate, interrelate
something once widely believed to be impossible for subtle= slight, faint, thin
widely= generally, commonly, broadly
jellyfish. Furthermore, far from ‘floating’ in the water as impossible= unreasonable, incredible,
they are still sometimes thought to do, analysis has unfeasible
shown jellyfish to be the most economical swimmers
11
in the animal kingdom. In short, scientific progress in analysis= study, investigation,

evaluation
recent years has shown that many of our established economical= careful, cautious, frugal
beliefs about jellyfish were inaccurate. progress= growth, development,
advancement
inaccurate= mistaken, inexact,
Jellyfish, though, are not harmless. Their sting can imprecise
cause a serious allergic reaction in some people and harmless= risk-free, safe, undamaging
large outbreaks of them – known as ‘blooms’ – can allergic= sensitive, sensitized, averse
reaction= effect, result, consequence
damage tourist businesses, break fishing nets, outbreak= a time when something
overwhelm fish farms and block industrial cooling suddenly begins, especially a disease
pipes. On the other hand, jellyfish are a source of or something else dangerous or
unpleasant
medical collagen used in surgery and wound fishing net= something used for
dressings. In addition, a particular protein taken from catching fish, insects, or animals which
jellyfish has been used in over 30,000 scientific studies is made of threads or wires
woven across each other with
of serious diseases such as Alzheimer’s. Thus, our regular spaces between them
relationship with jellyfish is complex as there are a overwhelm= beat, crush, overpower
range of conflicting factors to consider. block= stop, jam, prevent
industrial= manufacturing, business,
engineering
Jellyfish have existed more or less unchanged for at surgery= operation, surgical procedure,
least 500 million years. Scientists recognise that over hospital
wound= injury, hurt, cut
the planet’s history there have been three major particular= exact, specific, precise
extinction events connected with changing serious= dangerous, severe, life-
environmental conditions. Together, these destroyed threatening
complex= complicated, convoluted,
99% of all life, but jellyfish lived through all three. dense # simple
Research in the Mediterranean Sea has now shown, conflicting= differing, contradictory,
remarkably, that in old age and on the point of death, incompatible
exist= live, survive, continue living
certain jellyfish are able to revert to an earlier recognise= know, identify, accept
physical state, leading to the assertion that they are extinction= disappearance, elimination,
immortal. While this may not technically be true, it is destruction
remarkably= amazingly, surprisingly,
certainly an extraordinary discovery. What is more, astonishingly
the oceans today contain 30% more poisonous acid certain= some, several, a number of
than they did 100 years ago, causing problems for revert= return, go back, regress
physical= material, real, tangible
numerous species, but not jellyfish, which may even assertion= statement, claim, declaration
thrive in more acidic waters. Jellyfish throughout immortal= undying, eternal, never-
their long history have shown themselves to be ending
technically= theoretically, in theory, in
remarkably resilient. principle
extraordinary= amazing, astonishing,
Studies of jellyfish in class know as scyphozoa have strange
discovery= finding, detection, encounter
shown a life cycle of three distinct phases. First, poisonous= toxic, deadly, fatal
thousands of babies known as planulae are released. thrive= grow well, succeed, flourish
Then, after a few days the planulae develop into acidic= very sour
throughout= all the way through the
polyps – stationary lifeforms that feed off floating whole time, all over
particles. Finally, these are transformed into resilient= strong, robust, resistant
something that looks like a stack of pancakes, each of distinct= separate, distinctive, different
release= let go, free, liberate
which is a tiny jellyfish. It is now understood that all polyp= a very simple sea animal that
species of jellyfish go through similarly distinct stages has a body like a tube
stationary= inactive, fixed, still
12
of life. This is further evidence of just how particle= element, bit, unit
transform= change, alter, convert
sophisticated and unusual these lifeforms are. stack= pile, mass, mountain
evidence= proof, facts, indication

sophisticated= complex, high-level,
clever
13

Boost Your Vocabulary IELTS Trainer 2 - Test 1 - a&M IELTS Đinh Thắng

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Boost Your Vocabulary IELTS Trainer 2 - Test 1 - a&M IELTS Đinh Thắng

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Cuốn sách này là của

Trân trọng cảm ơn,

03 LÝ DO TẠI SAO NÊN HỌC TỪ VỰNG

HƯỚNG DẪN SỬ DỤNG SÁCH

CÁC BƯỚC SỬ DỤNG

CÁCH 1: LÀM TEST TRƯỚC, HỌC TỪ VỰNG SAU

CÁCH 2: HỌC TỪ VỰNG TRƯỚC, ĐỌC TEST SAU

priceless= expensive, costly, precious

P eople from almost every culture love collecting

overshadow= reduce, minimize,

F or much of the twentieth century, documentary films

B None of this prevented documentaries from being

D Starting in the 1980s, the widespread availability of widespread= prevalent, extensive,

sometimes put forward that these innovations revolutionise= change, transform,

in the wild= in natural and free

W hen viewed in the wild, jellyfish are perhaps the

It is still widely assumed that jellyfish are among the

in the animal kingdom. In short, scientific progress in analysis= study, investigation,

evidence= proof, facts, indication

You might also like