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Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Submited by
Rajan, Rinita Mary
Tiwari, Rahul
Plavungal Seyad, Ruksana
Suresh, Chinnu
Vijayan, Suji
Philosen, Leo Jean
Muthappan Herman, Limcy
Sakthivel Rexson Thrishta, Ishwarya
Ramesh, Sathyahar
Vinayakumar, Rohit
Patrick Mary Jaya, Nikhil
Packiamuthu, Prishka
February 2019
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APPROVAL SHEET
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, we would like to express our gratitude towards almighty God in
Water, Water Sanitation and Hygiene in Low and Middle- Income settings in St. Mary’s
Village, Las Pinas City”. We would like to thank our respondents, the families who live
in localities of St. Mary’s Village, who helped us to complete this research with their
show our utmost gratitude Dr. Audrey Angelis Andres who validated our research. We
would like to thank the members of the panel for thesis defence, who gave their useful
remarks and suggestions that were very helpful in refining the research and they
the fulfilment of this research and for his experience encouragement and assistance
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ABSTRACT
This paper discusses about the Knowledge and Practice of Drinking Water,
Water Sanitation and Hygiene in Low and Middle-Income settings in St. Mary’s Village,
Las Pinas City. This paper tackles the question, if there is a significant association
between Low -Middle Income settings and the knowledge and Practice of Drinking
It is known by the survey with the set of questions related to checking for any
association between income settings and source of drinking water and type of
sanitation. In gathering the data, the research design used was the descriptive survey
method using the questionnaire for gathering, recording and analysing the problem
.The paper used the survey questionnaire as the instrument. Majority of the
respondents are young adults. The data gathering procedure used was stratified
random sampling. Mean, Frequency and other statistical devices were used in the
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Title page 1
Approval sheet 2
Acknowledgement 3
Abstract 4
Theoretical Framework 10
Conceptual Framework 11
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Chapter III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design 16
Instrumentation
Ethical Consideration 19
RECOMMENDATION
Summary
Findings
Conclusions
Recommendation
References
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CHAPTER I
and attitude towards water use, sanitation, and hygiene practices among the
households of St. Mary's Village. Water supply and sanitation are two of the most
important sectors in development. Access to water supply and sanitation are basic
human needs and rights. Moreover, the research also examines the role of income
settings on knowledge and attitude towards water use, sanitation, and hygiene
practices. Lack of financial means was identified to be the main obstacle to the
1) What proportion of the population has access to source of drinking water? Are there
any associations between income settings and sources of drinking water? Is there
a disparity?
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2) What proportion of the population has access to type of sanitation? Are there any
The main objective of the study is to assess human knowledge and attitude in
disproportionately affect poorer members of society. The reasons behind this are
complex and interconnected. The estimate presented here represents the disease
Knowledge and Practice of House hold in different income settings. This study gives a
snap shot of the influence of Income settings on knowledge and attitude towards water
use, sanitation, and hygiene practices among the households of St. Mary's Village.
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The main goal of the study is to assess the knowledge of water sanitation and
hygiene in low and middle income settings. Clean drinking water, hygiene, and
sanitation play an important part in maintaining health. Water is a basic necessity, and
an important resource for sustaining life. The decline in water quality endangers
the health of humans as well as the ecosystem. This study will educate the people of
St. Mary’s Village about the necessity of water hygiene in their day to day lives.
water, water sanitation and hygiene in low and middle income settings in St. Mary’s
Village, Las Pinas City. Although the study is beneficial to the researcher, the research
is executed within a limited time period and for a smaller sample size compared to the
entirety of the village. Also the study is restricted to a small geographical area and
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Theoretical Framework
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Conceptual Framework
Independent Variables
Depended Variable
Knowledge
Water
Sanitation
Hygiene
Practice
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CHAPTER II
This chapter presents the related literature and studies after the thorough and
in-depth search done by the researchers. This will also present the synthesis of the
art, theoretical and conceptual framework to fully understand the research to be done
and lastly the definition of terms for better comprehension of the study.
Sanitation and Hygiene among Mothers of Under-5 Years Children in Urban Slum of
Butwal Sub-Metropolitan City, Nepal; it was concluded that Practice of drinking water
purification was found quiet low and there was significant lack of knowledge about
proper hand washing steps. The practice of open defecation was high and household’s
solid and liquid waste was poorly managed. Study clearly defines the population of
2015 among 206 mothers of under-5 year’s children residing in the urban slum area of
collect information. Collected data was coded. Results showed that most of the
respondents (87.9%) used improved source of water and the practice of purifying
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water before drinking was very low (18%). The study showed 42.7% of the households
used to dispose solid waste directly into the river. Open defecation practice was
was significantly associated with education (p=0.004) and income (p<0.001). Only
43.9% respondents used improved but not shared latrine among those who were using
latrine and 62.6% respondents used to wash their hands with soap and water after
defecation.
significantly high due to unimproved water supply and water source at household level.
The prevalence of waterborne diseases at baseline and follow-up was more or less the
same for groups of differing economic status and literacy level. This signifies that the
disease incidences have a specific trend which might be an outcome of lacking of water
and hygiene related issues. Evidence shows that the educational status and health
were constructed. The model I represented the baseline survey, model II was the risk
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assessment from the follow-up information. The two models were consistently
model II, additional hygiene condition and behavior was assessed during the study
period. It indicates that at baseline, under-5 year old children were more likely to report
diarrheal events and over 5year old men and women were more likely to be affected
by skin diseases. Among the under-5, the probability of reporting diarrhea was
significantly higher at both points of time. Non-poor were less likely to report
waterborne diseases compared to the ultra-poor and poor both at baseline and follow-
up. The results show that the diseases related to water, sanitation, and hygiene
disproportionately affect poorer members of society. The reasons behind this are
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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
proceed, how to measure progress, and what constitute success. Research methods
are the steps, procedure and strategies for gathering and analyzing the data in a
research investigation.
This chapter deals with the methodology adopted for Research on Knowledge
and Practice of Drinking Water,Water Sanitation and Hygiene in Low and Middle-
teaching programme, procedure for data collection and the plan for data analysis.
Research approach
evidence and rigorous control. The research approach spells out the basic strategies
that the researcher adopts to develop information that is accurate and interpretable.
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varying only the income under study. The type of research dealing here is a descriptive
type and approach used is a mix of qualitative and quantitative. The main purpose of
this research is to find out there is a significant association between Low -Middle
Income settings and the knowledge and Practice of Drinking Water, Sanitation And
Hygiene. Questionnaire is the major tool used in this particular study. Questionnaire
used in this study is simple and short, terms used are explained properly and questions
are written in a logical manner. Mainly answers for each of these questions are to be
Are there any associations between income settings and sources of drinking
Are there any associations between income settings and type of sanitation?
Is there a disparity?
Research design
The researcher chose a cross sectional study using survey research design
because it best served to answer the questions and the purposes of the study.
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The survey research is one in which a group of people or items is studied by
collecting and analyzing data from only a few people or items considered to be
representative of the entire group. In other words, only a part of the population is
studied, and findings from this are expected to be generalized to the entire population
(Nworgu 1991:68). Similary, McBurney (1994:170) defines the survey assessing public
Research setting
It refers to the physical location and conditions which data collection takes place
in the study. This study has been conducted at St.Mary’s Village , Laspinas.
people of St. Mary’s Village, Las Pinas, who belongs to different financial status
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SAMPLE AND SAMPLE SIZE
Sample consists of a subset of a population selected in a research study. The samples selected
for the present study comprises of members from low and middle income settings in
St.Mary’s Village , Las Pinas. The Sample size for the present study consists of 50 members
to understand the knowledge and practices of drinking water, water sanitation and hygiene in
low and middle income settings.
SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
Sampling technique is used in research when it is not feasible to study the whole population
from which it is drawn. The process of sampling makes it possible to accept a generalization to
the intended population based on careful observation of variables, within a relatively small
proportion of population. In this study, samples were selected by using purposive sampling
method.
SAMPLING CRITERIA
Inclusion criteria
1. All the people from low and middle class settings in St.Mary's Village,Las Pinas.
3. People from low and middle income settings in St.Mary's Village,Las Pinas who are willing to
participate.
Exclusion criteria
1. People from low and middle class settings in St.Mary's Village,Las Pinas who were not
available during the period of data collection.
2. People from low and middle class settings in St.Mary's Village,Las Pinas who were not willing
to participate.
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CHAPTER IV
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ETHICAL CONSIDERATION
The approval letter from st.marys village officer from laspinas will be taken for
and hygiene in low and middle income settings. Permission was obtained from
respective village area council authorities. Purpose and objective of the research will
be explained before to the respondents. Verbal consent of the respondent will be taken
prior to data collection .Privacy and confidentiality were respected during the course of
study. The study will involve almost 50 members from low and middle income settings
with duration of 15 minutes from one person. Questionnaire used in this study is
simple and short, term used is explained properly and questions are written in logical
manner.
Checking for are there any association between income settings and source of
drinking water and type of sanitation .Medical care and alternative treatment if any
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Plan of Activities and Budget Preparation
Topic selection 1 2
Develop questionnaire 3 1
Select participants 4 2
Conduct survey 6 1
Topic selection
Develop Questionnaire
Select participants
Conduct survey
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BUDGET
The budget is needed for different purpose during entire research work given below:
422
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CHAPTER V
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