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notebook March 29, 2019
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Intro Rational Fct.notebook March 29, 2019
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Intro Rational Fct.notebook March 29, 2019
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Intro Rational Fct.notebook March 29, 2019
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Intro Rational Fct.notebook March 29, 2019
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Intro Rational Fct.notebook March 29, 2019
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Intro Rational Fct.notebook March 29, 2019
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Intro Rational Fct.notebook March 29, 2019
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Intro Rational Fct.notebook March 29, 2019
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Intro Rational Fct.notebook March 29, 2019
Introduction to Rational Functions
A rational function is a function that has a numerator and a denominator, where
the degree of the denominator is not zero.
Degree: the largest exponent a variable has
e.g. the equation x4 + 2x2 1 has degree _______
3x
not a rational fct
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Intro Rational Fct.notebook March 29, 2019
The Basic Rational Function
1
y =
x
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Intro Rational Fct.notebook March 29, 2019
Observations About the Graph
1
y =
x
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Intro Rational Fct.notebook March 29, 2019
Asymptotes
An asymptote is the line the graph
approaches but never crosses.
What are the equations of
the lines that the graph approaches,
but never crosses?
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Intro Rational Fct.notebook March 29, 2019
The Graph of the Basic Rational Function
1
y =
x
Vertical Asymptote:
Horizontal Asymptote:
Domain: ]inf, 0[ U ]0, inf[
Range: ]inf, 0[ U ]0, inf[
Variation:
decreasing
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Intro Rational Fct.notebook March 29, 2019
The Graph of the Basic Rational Function
1
y =
x
The graph of a rational function is called
a hyperbola
In real life, we can see a lot of examples of
hyperbolic geometry.....
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Intro Rational Fct.notebook March 29, 2019
Where can we find hyperbolas in the real world?
In art M.C. Escher
Heaven and Hell
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Intro Rational Fct.notebook March 29, 2019
Valencia, Spain
In Architecture
Shanghai, China
https://www.futurelearn.com/courses/mathslinearquadraticrelations/0/steps/12131
https://www.flickr.com/photos/mac_cruz/5041812816
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Intro Rational Fct.notebook March 29, 2019
Cooling Towers of Nuclear Reactors and CoalFired Power Plants
This is a standard design for these cooling
towers because:
(1) these towers need to withstand high winds
and
(2) they should be built with the least amount of
material as possible
The hyperbolic shape solves both these problems as
it's the most structurally sound shape for the least
amount of material!
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Intro Rational Fct.notebook March 29, 2019
The Graph of the Basic Rational Function
1
y =
x
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Intro Rational Fct.notebook March 29, 2019
1
The Graph of y =
x
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Intro Rational Fct.notebook March 29, 2019
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The Graph of y =
x
x=0
Vertical Asymptote:
Horizontal Asymptote: y=0
Domain: ]inf, 0[ U ]0, inf[
Range: ]inf, 0[ U ]0, inf[
Variation: increasing
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Intro Rational Fct.notebook March 29, 2019
Rational Functions are represented in two forms
Standard Form General Form
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Intro Rational Fct.notebook March 29, 2019
Standard Form
When does this graph not exist?
The graph doesn't exist when the denominator equals zero,
so when xh = 0 (i.e. when x = h)
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Intro Rational Fct.notebook March 29, 2019
Standard Form
The equation of the vertical asymptote is x = h
As x gets bigger, what value does approach?
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Intro Rational Fct.notebook March 29, 2019
Standard Form
As x gets bigger, approaches zero
This means that as x gets larger, y approaches k
The equation of the horizontal asymptote is y = k
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Intro Rational Fct.notebook March 29, 2019
Find the equations of the vertical and horizontal asymptotes for the rational
function
Step 1: Simplify to standard form
Step 2: Determine the vertical asymptote at x = h
Step 3: Determine the horizontal asymptote at y = k
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Intro Rational Fct.notebook March 29, 2019
Find the equations of the vertical and horizontal asymptotes for the rational
function
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Intro Rational Fct.notebook March 29, 2019
General Form
When does this graph not exist?
This graph doesn't exist when the denominator equals zero,
so when cx + d =0.
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Intro Rational Fct.notebook March 29, 2019
General Form
To find the vertical asymptote, set cx + d = 0 and solve for x!
As x gets bigger, what value does y approach?
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Intro Rational Fct.notebook March 29, 2019
General Form
As x gets bigger, what value does y approach?
If we divide the numerator and denominator of our rational expression
by x, we get b
a + x
y = d
c + x
So as x gets bigger, b/x and d/x go to zero, so our graph approaches a/c
a
The equation of the horizontal asymptote is y =
c
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Intro Rational Fct.notebook March 29, 2019
Find the equations of the vertical and horizontal asymptotes for the rational
function and state the domain and range.
Domain: ]inf, 2.5[ U ]2.5, inf[
Range : ]inf, 4[ U ]4, inf[
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Intro Rational Fct.notebook March 29, 2019
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