Theoretical Framework

There are two conventional methods in measuring the heartrate of a person the

first method is Radial Pulse Method which is measured on the wrist by placing the index

and middle fingers together on the opposite wrist, about 1/2 inch on the inside of the

joint, in line with the index finger. Once you find a pulse, count the number of beats you

feel within a one-minute period. The other method is Carotid Pulse Method which is

same in nature with the first method but instead of measuring the pulse in the wrist the

pulse on the neck is measured.

Since the conventional method is not that accurate another method is deviced

which featured on the project. Photoplethysmography (PPG). Sensor is one of the

technologies that were created in a way that makes the life of people easier. It enables

to detect or sense heat, light or motion. In this project, the group uses the Principle of

Photoplethysmography which enables measurement of heart rate without precise

positioning of the fingertip in the sensor. Based on a study, “Every time when blood

pumps to periphery (ejection phase), blood vessels expand due to the blood pressure

from the heart, a pulse will be generated. And every time when the blood flows back

(diastolic filing phase), another pulse follows.” (Chan, P. W., Napomuceno, J., Ocampo,

J., 2012). These Photoplethysmography (PPG) creates the possibility of measuring

heart rate in an easy way that helps the people with disability hassle free. Fingertip of

an individual, especially the index finger is used to measure the heart rate of the patient.

The results of the heart will then be sent to the physician and corresponds to a normal

or having an irregular heart rate which exceeds a 120bpm. PPG’s idea of measuring a

heart rate creates a thousand of ideas for students and professionals to improve or
adapt a new way of the usage of the said principle. The process of reading a heart rate

can now be a basis of different electronic devices that will be invented or improved and

mostly related in sensing a heart rate of an individual

Fig x: Heart Rate Monitoring