FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

LABORATORY

LABORATORY INSTRUCTION SHEETS

COURSE CODE BNN 30204

EXPERIMENT NO.
SAPONIFICATION OF ETHYL ACETATE AND SODIUM
EXPERIMENT TITLE HYDROXIDE IN BATCH REACTOR

DATE
GROUP NO.

LECTURER/INSTRUCTOR/TUTOR 1) DR. MAZATUSZIHA BT AHMAD

DATE OF REPORT SUBMISSION

ATTENDANCE/PARTICIPATION/DISIPLINE: /5%
INTRODUCTION: /5%
PROCEDURE: /5%
RESULTS & CALCULATIONS /15%
ANALYSIS /15%
DISTRIBUTION OF MARKS FOR DISCUSSIONS: /20%
LABORATORY REPORT: ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS /15%
CONCLUSION /10%
SUGGESTIONS & RECOMENDATIONS /5%
REFERENCES: /5%
TOTAL: /100%

EXAMINER COMMENTS: RECEIVED DATE AND STAMP:

 STUDENT CODE OF ETHICS

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

I hereby declare that I have prepared this report with my own efforts. I also admit to

not accept or provide any assistance in preparing this report and anything

that is in it is true.

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2) Group Member 1 __________________________________________(Signature)

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3) Group Member 2 __________________________________________(Signature)

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4) Group Member 3 __________________________________________(Signature)

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1.0 OBJECTIVES
a) To carry out the saponification reaction between sodium hydroxide and ethyl
acetate in a batch reactor.
b) To calculate the reactant conversion based on the design equation of a batch
reactor system.
c) To verify the reaction order obtained from the hypothesis of the experiment
using graphical technique (concentration vs. time data) and analytical
 technique (design equation of batch reactor); compare the results from both
techniques.
d) To determine the rate constant of saponification reaction between sodium
hydroxide and ethyl acetate using graphical technique (from concentration
vs. time data) and analytical technique (from design equation of batch
reactor); compare the results from both techniques.

2.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the study, student will be able to:
a) To compare the reaction kinetics, rate law and conversion in a batch reactor
to the one in a CSTR system for the same reaction.

3.0 INTRODUCTION

3.1 The stoichiometry of the saponification reaction between sodium

hydroxide (NaOH) and ethyl acetate (CH3000CZH5 or EA) is:
 NaOH + CH3OOOC2H5 CH3COONa + C2H5OH (1)
Sodium ethyl acetate sodium acetate ethyl alcohol
hydroxide

3.2 Assume that the initial concentration of sodium hydroxide is equal to

the initial concentration of ethyl acetate. The reaction kinetics and rate
law of saponification reaction can be determined from the amount of
residual sodium hydroxide exists in the reaction medium using titration
method.
3.3 Titration method used in this experiment is a volumetric analysis. It
involves the addition of known amount of reaction mixture (NaOH + EA)
to the known amount of excess hydrochloric acid (HCI). HCI will
neutralize the residual NaOH that has not been reacted with EA after a
particular time interval.
3.3.1 The amount of secondary NaOH needed to neutralize the HCI
3.3.2 The amount of HCI needed to neutralize the residual NaOH
 3.3.3 The amount of residual NaOH in the reaction mixture that
has not been reacted with EA
3.3.4 The amount of NaOH in the reaction mixture that has
reacted with EA
3.4 Saponification between sodium hydroxide (NaOH, denotes as A) and
ethyl acetate (EA, denotes as B) is theoretically second order elementary
reaction. For a constant volume isothermal batch reactor, the design
equation is:
 (1)
3.5 For a elementary-bimolecular second order reaction, the rate equation
is:

(2)

3.6 Basically, reactant conversion, X, can be calculated using the following

equation:
 (3)

3.7 The reactant conversion for reaction in a batch reactor also can be
written in terms of initial concentrations, reaction time and reaction
rate constant. Thus, we need to use the relations:
CA = CAO(1-X)
 CB = CBO(1-X) = CAO(1-X), when CBO = CAO

3.8 If we combine the above equation (2), (3) and (4), we can see that

= rA = -kCAO2 (1 – X)2 (5)

And the rate of consumption of A can also be simplified in term of its
conversion as below:

(6)

Therefore,
 (7)
If we integrate both sides of equation (7)

=K (8)

We can see that,

 (9)
And the expression for the conversion X of a reaction in batch reactor is:

(10)
4.0 INSTRUMENTS /APPARATUS / CHEMICAL / REAGENTS
4.1 Chemicals / Reagents
a) Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 0.1M
b) Ethyl acetate (EA) 0.1M
c) Hydrochloric acid (HCI) 0.1M
d) Phenolphthalein indicator

4.2 Apparatus /Instruments

a) Beaker
b) Measuring cylinder
c) Magnetic stirrer
 d) Hot plate stirrer
e) Pipette
f) Burette
g) Volumetric flask
h) Stopwatch

5.0 PROCEDURE
a) Clean up all beakers and flasks with distilled water.
b) Fill in 1Oml of hydrochloric acid with 2 drops of phenolphthalein
indicator into eleven 50ml beakers. Label all beakers from 1 - 15.
c) Fill in 1OOmL of sodium hydroxide and ethyl acetate into two separate
beakers.
d) Mixed sodium hydroxide and ethyl acetate, and start the stopwatch the
moment you mix them.
e) Stir the reaction mixture using magnetic stirrer for about 1 minute.
f) After 1 minute, immediately pipette 1Oml of the reaction mixture into the
first beaker that contains hydrochloric acid.
g) Titrate secondary sodium hydroxide from a burette into the first beaker
(1Oml reaction mixture+ 1Oml HCI) until the colour of the mixture
 changes from colourless to pink. Record the volume of sodium hydroxide
needed.
h) For the following time interval, pipette out 1Oml of the reaction mixture
into the following hydrochloric acid beakers (2- 15), and titrate the
secondary NaOH into the mixture.

i) Attention: You need to be aware on timing while doing this experiment.

Do it fast and carefully.
6.0 RESULTS & CALCULATIONS
No. of Time, t NaOH used HCl used to Residual Concentration Conversion
beaker for titration neutralize NaOH in the of NaOH in the of NaOH, XA,
the residual reaction reaction at time t
NaOH in mixture that mixture, CA, at
the reaction has not been time t
mixture at reacted with
time t EA at time t
(mL)
(min) (mL) (mol) (mol/L)
1 1
2 2
3 5
4 8
5 12
6 15
7 18
8 21
9 24
 10 27
11 30
12 33
13 36
14 39
15 42
Table 1: Saponification of Sodium Hydroxide and Ethyl Acetate in a Batch Reactor.
7.0 ANALYSIS
 Please analyze the data and results obtained in this experiment

8.0 DISCUSSIONS
Discuss and relate your results both on the basis of any theory presented. It
must answer and reflect to the objective and scope of experiment.

9.0 ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS

 Display any chemical reaction in industry which represent zero, first and
second order reaction.

10.0 CONCLUSION
Conclusion is merely a summary, presented in a logical order, of the
important findings already reported in the discussion section. It also relates
to the objectives stated earlier.
Prepared Approved by/Disahkan
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