Using MODAPTS®

as a Cost Effective solution

to
achieve standard times
By
Sandeep Prasad
 About the presenter

1. Masters in Fashion Technology from the National Institute of Fashion Technology ,

India
2. Rich industrial experience of over 15 years in Production , Operations , Quality ,
Consultancy & Training in India , Bangladesh and Ethiopia.
3. Certified in Lean Manufacturing from iACT , India
4. Black Belt in Lean Six Sigma from iACT , India
5. Trained in Data Science from XLRI , India
6. Licensed practitioner of MODAPTS(from International MODAPTS Association, US)
and GSD , UK
7. Currently serving as a Lecturer in Bahirdar University since the last 8(Eight) months.
History of Work Measurement

*Sophisticated Wild Ass Guess

** Maynard Operation Sequence Technique
 What is MODAPTS® ?
Introduced in 1966 • An Australian-developed time
system based on the premise that
MOD : MODular larger body sections take longer
to move than smaller sections.
A : Arrangement of • For example, in this system
P : Predetermined • It takes twice as long to
T : Time move a hand as it does to
move a finger.
• It takes three times as long to
S : Standards move the forearm as it does
a finger,
• and it takes four times as
long to move the
whole arm outward.
Founder of MODAPTS®

Chris (G.C.) Heyde : Born in 1914

Office clerk, a factory production worker, an industrial

chemist, a production worker and a research officer
"Chief of Management Services" for Unilever
Founded AAPTSAR, the Australian Association for
Predetermined Time Standards and Research and became
chairman and research leader.
Wrote “The Sensible Taskmaster”

Wrote MODAPTS software

 What are Time Standards?
Time required by an average skilled
operator, working at a normal pace,
to perform a specified task using a
prescribed method.
Standard time =normal time +allowance Where; normal time =avg time *rating factor.
SAM of some common garments

* Source : Online clothing study , Prashanta Sarkar

What about this ?
 Other products available
• Methods time measurement (MTM I • Robot time and motion (RTM),and
& II) • Maynard Operation Sequence
• Work factor Technique (MOST®)
• Motion time study (MTS) • GSD (General Sewing Data)
• Master standard data (MSD) • Time SSD®

General sewing data (GSD) uses a specially developed database that was derived from MTM core data.
GSD was developed by Methods Workshop Limited of Lancashire, England.
The originators recognized that most apparel (sewing) operations followed a well-defined and repeating sequence of operations:
1. Get parts.
2. Put parts together.
3. Sew parts together with various alignments and repositions.
4. Trim thread.
5. Put parts aside.
 How is MODAPTS® different?

It focuses on the body part doing the moving rather than

the distance covered by the body part of the object being
handled.
 How is MODAPTS® different?
STOPWATCH MODAPTS ®

Stopwatch required No Stopwatch required (for people) ....seen as less

can be intimidating demeaning

Performance Rating Required No Performance Rating

....unresolved disagreements ....no personal critical judgment

Not Ergonomically Sensitive Ergonomically Sensitive.

blind to health risks focuses on body part
(NOT distances) movements
Not Methods Sensitive
....what is done is recorded Methods Sensitive
....how it’s done is recorded
 Some of its credentials..
• Accepted as a valid and useful work measurement system around the world.
• Evidenced by its wide use in over 40 other countries.
• Simplicity, effectiveness, low cost and diversity of application.
• Valid and useful work measurement system : International Labor Office,
Geneva, Switzerland.
• MODAPTS is many times faster than MTM-1 and Work Factor. It is 25% faster
than MTM-2 and stop watch time study, on tasks with cycle times of one
minute or less. *
* Research conducted at the Israel Institute of Technology
Companies who use MODAPTS®
 Benefit of MODAPTS® ?

• Calculating reliable production standards,

• Facilitating methods/ergonomics improvement,
• Improving an organization's productivity,
• Analyzing departmental effectiveness, and
• Improving employee relations

Extremely simple to learn !

How is MODAPTS® study conducted ?
• Document the elements involved in completing the task
• Perform MODAPTS analysis on each of the elements
• Compute MOD values for each element
• Sum the MOD values to determine total time / task
• Convert total MOD value to seconds (minutes, etc.)
 Main classes of MODAPTS
In MODAPTS®, there are 3 main classes of elements:

i. Movement
ii. Terminal
iii. Auxiliary
 Main classes of MODAPTS
i. Movement Refers to movements through space done by the finger-hand-arm-shoulder trunk system.

ii. Terminal
iii. Auxiliary

Code Body Part Distance Code Body Part Distance

1" 12"
Ml Finqer M4 Whole Arm

M2 Hand 2" M5 Extended Arm 18"

6"
M3 Arm M7 Trunk 30"
 Main classes of MODAPTS
i. Movement
ii. Terminal Activities that are done at the end of a movement, and are in close proximity to the things being
worked on. It has two activities :
iii. Auxiliary • Get activities that involve gaining control of objects.
• Put activities that involve putting objects to destinations.

TERMINAL ACTIVITIES
GET (Gain Control) PUT (Placing Object)
GO - Get by Contact (L) PO - Simple Put (L)
G1 - Simple Grasp (L) P2 - Put w/ Feedback (H)
G3 - Get w/ Feedback (H) P5 - Put w/ Feedbacks (H)
 Main classes of MODAPTS
i. Movement
ii. Terminal
iii. Auxiliary Refers to other activities that are not performed with the finger-hand-arm-shoulder-trunk system.
They include walking, bending , inspection, deciding, etc.:
 Element Code Description
BEND & ARISE B17 Vertical change in upper part of body; includes both down movement and up movement.
CRANK C3 Movement of wrist in a circular pattern for > 1 revolution. One (1) C3 per revolution.
AUXILIARY ACTIVITIES

C4 Movement of forearm in a circular pattern. One (1) C4 per revolution.

DECIDE D3 All other activity stops to be awarded; only binary decisions (yes/no, on/off).
EXTRA FORCE X4 A hesitation (not visible) to achieve control over or restrain an object.
EYE CONTROL
(All activity stops) E2 Eye fixation: fixation of eyes w/o traveling OR eye travel: movement of eye up, down, left, right.
E4 Refocus (substantial distance apart). One (1) E4 followed by eye fixation (E2) or Read element.
FOOT ACTION F3 Heel must remain on floor; One (1) F3 is awarded for movement in one direction.
HANDWRITE H4 WRITE one (1) letter or one punctuation mark.
H5 PRINT one (1) letter, one digit, or one symbol.
H6 WRITE one (1) upper case letter.
H7 PRINT one (1) upper case letter.
H21 WRITE one (1) word.
H26 PRINT one (1) word._
H35 PRINT one (1) word in all upper case letters.
JUGGLE J2 Change in position of an object without giving up control. One (1) J2 per juggle.
LOAD FACTOR LO <4.4 lbs (2 kg).
(Determine Object LI >4.4 lbs but <13.3 lbs (or >2kg but <6 kg).
Weight) L2 >13.3 lbs but <17.6 lbs (or >6kg but <8kg).
NUMBER N3 Awarded per item, when items are arranged.
(Count) N6 Awarded per item, when items are disarranged.
READ R2 Read one word in a group of words, to get the overall message.
R3 Read one word in a group of words that all have to be registered. One (1) R3 per 3 digits.
SIT AND STAND S30 Includes time for both the down movement and the up movement.
USE (Moves not U 0.5 Finger motions; One (1) U 0.5 for forward motion; One (1) U.05 for backward motion.
terminating in GET or
PUT)
U1 Hand motions; One (1) U1 for forward motion; One (1) U1 for backward motion.
U2 Forearm motions; One (1) U2 for forward motion; One (1) U2 for backward motion.
U3 Whole Arm motions: One (1) U3 for forward motion; One (1) u3 for backward motion.
U4 Not applicable.
VOCALIZE V3 Assign one (1) V3 for each word spoken or heard. If numbers, award each digit one (1) V3.
WALK W5 Walking and turning, per pace (* of times one foot parts, or passes the other).
MODAPTS Coding

CONVERSIONS :

1 MOD = .129 sec. (About 1/8 of a second)

1 MOD = .00215 min.
1 sec. = 7.75 MODS
1 min. = 465 MODS
 MODAPTS standard time
• The MOD value of 0.129 seconds represents “normal”
time, the time required to complete an activity by a
qualified, thoroughly experienced person,
approximately 5’7”, 145 pounds.
• Not someone who is working a fast pace or a slow
pace, but a pace that is comfortable and can be
maintained all day without undue stress. This is often
called a “fair days’ work.”
 MODAPTS standard time

How did 0.129 seconds arise ?

• Empirical studies done in the late 1960s and 1970s with hundreds of people in different work
situations, covering many different aspects of work.
• These studies were guided by Chris Heyde.
• The goal of these studies was to collect unexceptional performances, ie natural speeds,
unremarkable for being fast or slow.
Low vs High Conscious Control
RIGHT HAND
LOW HIGH
CONSCIOUS CONSCIOUS
CONT ROL CONT ROL
G0 G1 P0 G3 P2 P5
CONSCIOUS
CONTROL

G0 o o o o o o
HIGH

o o o o o o
LEFT HAND

G1
P0 o o o o o o
G3 o o o X X X
CONSCIOUS
CONTROL

P2 o o o X X X
o o o X X X
LOW

P5

O - MAY BE COMPLETED SIMULTANEOUSLY

X - ALLOW BOTH - PRECEDE SECOND WITH M2

 Key Concepts
1. Movement Class : Depicted by the finger-hand-arm- shoulder trunk system.
Movement of one of these body parts is a required part of performing
terminal activities.

2. Finger A finger movement is performed by any finger, hinged at the knuckle.

Movement (M1) The usual distance of movement is approximately 1".
A finger movement takes one (1) MOD to complete and is coded as a M1.

3. Hand Movement A hand movement is performed by either hand, hinged at the wrist.
(M2) The usual distance of movement is approximately 2".
A hand movement takes two (2) MODS to complete and is coded as a M2.
4. Forearm A forearm movement is performed by either forearm, hinged at the elbow.
Movement (M3) The usual distance of movement is approximately 6".
A forearm movement takes three (3) MODS to complete and is coded as a
M3.
 Key Concepts
5. Whole Arm A whole arm movement is performed with a full arm forward and displacement
Movement (M4) of the elbow.
The usual distance of movement is approximately 12".
A whole arm movement takes four (4) MODS to complete and is coded as a M4.

6. Extended Arm An extended arm movement is performed with a full arm forward and
Movement (M5) movement of the shoulder.
The usual distance of movement is approximately 18".
An extended arm movement takes five (5) MODS to complete and is coded
as a M5.

7. Trunk A trunk movement is performed with the arms and body trunk.
Movement (M7) The usual distance of movement is approximately 30".
A trunk movement takes seven (7) MODS to complete and is coded as a
M7.
 Examples

Movement class

M1 : Finger Move
 Examples

Movement class

M2 : Hand Move
(or following a
walk)
 Examples

Movement class

M3 : Forearm
Move (wrist must
move)
 Examples

Movement class

M4 : Full Arm
Move (elbow must
be displaced)
 Examples

Movement class

M5 : Full Arm
Move (shoulder
must be
displaced)
 Examples

Movement class

M7 : Body Trunk
Move (M2
following a walk
rule is waived)
 Examples

Terminal class

G0 : Contact Get
(touching ,
counting coins)
Low conscious control activity
 Examples

Terminal class

G1 : Simple
Grasp Get
(objects that can
be snatched)
Low conscious control activity
 Examples

Terminal class

G3 : Complex Get
(objects that fail
snatch test)
High conscious control activity
Visual and/or sensory feedback is required
 Examples

Terminal class

P0 : Simple Put

• No specific positioning requirements

• Object placed in general location
• Low conscious control activity
 Examples

Terminal class

P2 : Put with Single

Feedback from one or
more senses
• Object placed in a defined location
• Generally require one correction for
repositioning
• High conscious control activity
 Examples

Terminal class

P5 : Put with Multiple

Feedbacks

• Object placed in a defined location

• Generally require multiple corrections
for repositioning
• High conscious control activity
 Examples

Auxiliary class

J2 : Juggle

• Re-grasping an object without relinquishing control

• Happens frequently but is seldom awarded
• Object is already in control but better control is
required
• More than one juggle can occur and awarded
• Awarded when all other activities stop
 Examples

Auxiliary class

F3 : Foot Action

• The heel must remain on the floor

• Should the heel be lifted the motion becomes a
walk (W5)
• F3 is awarded for one movement in one direction.
Ex: Award F3 twice for pedal press and release
 Examples

Auxiliary class

B18 : Bend and Arise

• Includes both the down and the up movement

• Is NOT applicable in warehouse setting
• Test is whether or not hand goes below knee
 Examples

Auxiliary class
S30 : Sit and Stand (pull,
sit, push, stand)

• Includes both the down and the up movement even if

other activities occur between
• Includes time for pulling and pushing chair to knees
• Use S48 for heavy chair or with complex mental
work and S36 for seated turn i.e. there and back
 Examples

Auxiliary class
W5 : Walk

• Defined as lifting the foot entirely off one location and

placing it down in another location
• Awarded for each pace i.e. when one foot passes
another
• Side step is considered as body assistance and thus
ignored
 Examples

Auxiliary class
U2 : Use(For one
revolution)

• Indeterminate moves that do NOT terminate

in Get or Put Usually associated with use of
tool
• Less time is awarded due to rapid back and
forth movement U0.5 for finger, U0.5 for hand,
U2 for forearm, U3 for whole arm
 Examples

Auxiliary class
C3 or C4 : Crank(For one
revolution)

• Defined as movement of hand/arm in circular path

for more than one revolution
• Use C4 if performed with forearm and C3 if
performed with wrist
• Whole arm movement with pressure is used if
unusual pressure is applied. For example: engine
crank
 Examples

Auxiliary class
R2 or R3 : Read(Mental
Activity)
• Used when words are NOT spoken
• Use R2 for silent reading of familiar words to get an overall
message
• Use R3 when each word has to be registered as a proof of
reading
• Use R3 for reading up to 3 digits
• Eye travel from end of one line to beginning of following line
is not awarded any time
• Eye travel is allowed when next reading is done on different
sheet or display
• Punctuation marks are ignored unless punctuation is being
corrected
Summary
 Examples

LI - 0 to 2 kg. L2 - 2 to 6 kg. L3 - 6 to 10 kg. L4 - 10 to 14 kg. L5 - 14 to 18 kg.

L6 - 18 do 22 kg. L7 - 22 to 26 kg. L8 - 26 to 30 kg etc.

Total MODs = 150.5 > Total Secs to be taken = .00215 min * 150.5 = 0.32 mins
Thank You