Experiment # 01

Introduction to metallurgy lab and to study its layout"

Metallurgy lab of Mechanical Engineering Department contains

the following apparatus:

1. Cut off Machine:-

This apparatus is used to cut the specimen according to the
required shape. We cannot examine the whole material under
microscope so that's why we cut the specimen into small pieces so that
they can be easily examined. Coolant used in this machine is water
mixed with oil.

2. Microscope:-
Microscope is used to study the surface of the specimen. It is used
to notice the roughness of the surface and to check the percentage of
white and black portion of the surface.

3. Mounting Press:-
If the specimen is kept freely then there are chances of corrosion
and other damages to its surface. To prevent the specimen from these
damages, the specimen is preserved in the mounting press.

4. Polishing Wheels:-
Initially surface of the surface is very rough. If it is examined
under microscope then a lot of roughness and valleys can be observed.
To remove this roughness the specimen is kept on the polishing wheel
(firstly using P1 180 grinding paper) and polished for some time. Then
it is again observed under microscope. There is still roughness in the
surface which can be removed by using P 240, P 300, P 500, P 600 and
at last P 800. Then fine polishing of the specimen is carried out which
make the specimen like mirror.

5. Universal Testing Machine:-

It is used to test the tensile and compressive stresses of materials.
The UTM present in the Metallurgy Lab has the ability to heat or cool
the specimen up to required temperature and then find the properties
required.
It is named after the fact that it is used for this purpose all over the
world. It is a standard for the whole Universe, the results obtained
through Universal Testing Machine will be same any where in the
world. It mainly consists of two parts, which are described below:

1. Loading Unit:
This unit of UTM apply load on the test specimen. The
test specimen is clamped in the jaws and load is applied on it. This unit
is placed on a table below which “hydraulic system” is fixed. If
compressive load is to be applied then the table moves up ward and
vice versa.

2. Control Unit
This unit controls the motion of jaws and application of
load of the loading unit.

6. Automatic Polishing Apparatus:-

This apparatus is used for the automatic polishing of the
specimen. There is no need of changing grinding paper for polishing.

7. Micro wicker:-
It is used to find out the hardness of the specimen.

8. Furnace:-
It is electrically run. It is used to heat the specimen to certain
temperature. The temperature for the specimen is selected on the basis
of percentage of carbon present in the specimen.

9. Hand Grinder:-
It is used to perform spark test on the specimen.
10. Universal Hardness Testing Machine:-
There are three tests for finding hardness of the specimen. This
apparatus is used to perform all the three tests on the specimen.