Development of Web Geospatial “Decision Support

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System (DSS) for Irrigation Water Management

M. M. Maina
B.Eng.,M.Eng.,PgDE, PhD
09092205217, mainam@buk.edu.ng

LOGO
 OUTLINE
 Agricultural water management (AWM)
 Agricultural water resources issues
 Measurements/estimation of WBM components
 Performance Indicators of AWM
 Development of WEBGIS DSS for AWM
 Uses and Advantage of AWM Web Application

 SWAMP- soil water assessment and management for paddies

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 Agricultural Water management

Agricultural water management:

The planned development, distribution

and use of water resources to meet
predetermined agricultural objectives

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 Agricultural Water management

 Why do we concern about Agricultural

water management?

 One of the biggest concerns for our

water-based resources in the future is
the sustainability of the current and
even future water resource allocation.
Climate change
Population Increase
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 Agricultural Water management

 Agriculture is said to be the major

consumer of our fresh water resources.

 Nearly 70% of the fresh water

resources goes to Agriculture (FAO,
2007).

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 Agricultural Water management

 Researches in Agricultural fields have

shown that most of the agricultural
water losses occur in the field.

 Study of the Paddy field water balance

model reveals how much water is loss
during irrigation.

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 Paddy Water Balance Model
A water balance model for paddy is
developed primarily based on the principle of
conservation of mass: soil–water within the
root zone. The water balance for paddy is
different from that of field crops because
paddy requires standing water in the field
during most of its growth period.

Therefore, the water balance components

includes the standing water depth on the
field.
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 Typical Paddy Field

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Paddy Field Water Balance Model

SWD = IRR + ER –ET –SP – DR + GW

 Water Balance Model

𝐒𝐖𝐃 = 𝐈𝐑𝐑 + 𝐄𝐑 − 𝑬𝑻 − 𝑺𝑷 − 𝐃𝐑 + 𝐆𝐖 (1)

Where; SWD = field Standing water depth (mm)
IRR = Irrigation (mm)
ER = Effective rainfall (mm)
SP = Seepage percolation (mm)
DR = Drainage and Runoff (mm)
GW = Ground water influence (mm)

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 ET AND SP MEASUREMENT

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 ET ESTIMATION USING WEATHER DATA

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 PENMAN-MONTEITH

𝟗𝟎𝟎
𝟎. 𝟒𝟎𝟖∆ 𝑹𝒏 − 𝑮 + 𝛄 𝐓 + 𝟐𝟕𝟑 𝑼𝟐 ( 𝒆𝒔 − 𝒆𝒂 )
𝑬𝑻𝒐 =
∆ + 𝛄( 𝟏 + 𝟎. 𝟑𝟒𝑼𝟐 )

Where,

ETo Reference Evapotranspiration [mm day-1]

Rn Net radiation at crop surface [MJ m-1 day-1]
G Soil heat flux density [MJ m-2 day-1]
T Mean daily air temperature at 2 m height [°C]
U2 Wind speed at 2 m height [m s-1]
es Saturation vapor pressure [kPa]
ea Actual vapor pressure [kPa]
es-ea Saturation vapor pressure deficit [kPa]
∆ Slope of vapor pressure curve [kPa °C-1]
𝛄 Psychometric Constant [kPa °C-1].

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 IRRIGATION MEASUREMENTS

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 IRRIGATION MEASUREMENTS

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GROUNDWATER MEASUREMENT

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IRRIGATION PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

Water Productivity Index (WPI)

𝐘𝐢𝐞𝐥𝐝 (𝐤𝐠)
• WPI =
𝐓𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐮𝐦𝐞 (𝒎𝟑 )
(kg/m3)

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IRRIGATION PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

Water Use Efficiency (WUE)

• Water Use Efficiency (WUE)

•
𝑬𝑻−𝑺𝑷
• WUE = x 100%
𝐈𝐑+𝑬𝑹

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 DEVELOPING WEBGIS DSS
• Soil Water Assessment and Management
for paddies (SWAMP 2.0) is a WebGIS
decision Support system for irrigation
management. It is an online, interactive,
and real-time*.

• It was developed using ArcGIS for Server,

MS SQL Database and ArcGIS Viewer for
flex based on JavaScript API

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 SWAMP ALGORITHM

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 ARCGIS SERVER ARCHITECT

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 SWAMP User Interface

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 SWAMP User Interface

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 SWAMP UI

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 Advantages and Uses of SWAMP
• SWAMP has many advantages amongst but not limited to:

• 1. Reach wider audience and stakeholders

• 2. All farm Information can be spread instantly

• 3. Cost effective

• 3. Reduce software installation, support and maintenance

• 4. Need not to be GIS professional to use it

• 5. Flexible for DBMS integration and presentation

• 6. Easy to use and maintain compatibility with the future development

• 7. Cut software costs

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 SWAMP UI

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 Operations of SWAMP
• Once the web application loads, the Attribute
Table widget checks for any feature layer
feature(s) in the current extent and populates
the attribute table with its feature(s). Aside from
providing a tabular display of the layer's data,
the features can be selected, deselected, and
zoomed-to by interacting with the attribute table.
• If these feature layers are editable, the
corresponding feature attributes will also be
editable. In addition, the fields can be sorted by
clicking on its heading
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 Operations of SWAMP Contd.
• Paddy water balance model can be displayed
and scheduling can be based on field demand
• Analysis and editing can be carried out online
• Area and length measurement can be done
easily and precisely
• Farm Activities can be monitored online
• Yields and yield components can be viewed in
the form of charts and tables.

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 SWAMP UI

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LOGO
THANK YOU !