Professional Documents
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By
Submitted
(Civil Engineering)
TECHNOLOGY JAIPUR
MAY 2019
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project report entitled Assessment of water use efficiency
National Institute of Technology Jaipur, has been carried out under my/our
Supervisor
MNIT Jaipur
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are grateful to the Department of Civil Engineering, MNIT JAIPUR, for giving us
the opportunity to execute this project, which is an integral part of the curriculum in
We would like to extend our heartfelt gratitude to our supervisor and Head of
We would like to thank Prof Mahender Choudhary and Dr Pawan Kalla , for their
We are thankful to all the members of teaching staff as well as nonteaching staff, Civil
Engineering Department for their undying support and contribution throughout the
project.
Jaipur
ABSTRACT
Water is one of the most important substances that are needed for plants and animals.
In this project the water supply and demand data in MNIT campus will be collected
and analyzed .Water wastage will also be studied. Also wastewater generated and its
treatment will be studied. The gap between water consumed and water available will
also be analyzed. We will also try to present the best possible solutions to increase the
So far no study has been conducted on this topic in MNIT campus. Water use pattern
will be studied
INDEX
6. Problems ………………………………………………………… 31
This section reviews the literature relevant to the objective of the study, i.e.
MNIT Campus”.
Firstly the actual supply of water in MNIT campus is determined. For this Junior
Engineer at Estate section helped us a lot by providing the data relevant to determine
actual water supply. The water supply system in MNIT was also explained by Junior
staff (teaching and non – teaching both), students, etc. various Government Manuals
were referred. The population was determined from hostel office, establishment
etc.
The water demand calculated and actual supply are compared to carry out study
regarding the problems in water supply and give solutions for the same.
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While stating solutions various journals were referred which included “WATER
AUDIT – NEED OF THE HOUR”, “WEP – I”, etc. The website of Water Resource
rainfall in Jaipur.
The project included various surveys like surveying for population in MNIT campus,
survey to determine the discharge from tap system in MNIT, toilet flush tank capacity,
etc.
ARCMAP was used at many instances mainly for area calculation. ARCMAP is the
main component of Esri's ArcGIS suite of geospatial processing programs, and is used
primarily to view, edit, create, and analyze geospatial data. ARCMAP allows the user
to explore data within a data set, symbolize features accordingly, and create maps.
Overall the project is a combination of collection of vast amount of data, data based
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2) INTRODUCTION
Longitude - 75.8106° E
MNIT CAMPUS
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3) WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM OF MNIT
The main source of water in MNIT is groundwater and to some extent water
The main components with the help of which water is supplied in MNIT are:
1) Service Reservoir
2) Collection Tank
3) Pumps
4) Hill tank
5) Rainwater harvesting plant
The location of these components is based on the space available and also on
The excel sheet showing latitude and longitude of the components above are
shown
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Now after getting the locations in excel form these were imposed on Google satellite
To do this firstly Google Earth Image in .img format is added into ARCMAP using
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Details about the components are as follows:-
i) SERVICE RESERVOIR
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SERVICE RESERVOIR supplies water to GUEST HOUSE, STAFF
SECTION.
Water from all sources is stored in collection tank and later pumped to required
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COLLECTION TANK WITH GUAGE TO MEASURE WATER LEVEL
iii) PUMPS
in following table :-
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O PUMP
1 Pump no 1 Near Ashok Vatika Fills collection tank
2 Pump no 12 Near Sports Fills collection tank
Complex
3 Pump no 14 Near Collection tank Supplies in Block A and B of Girls’
Hostel
4 Pump no 19 Near Estate Section Fills collection tank
5 Pump no 20 Near Estate Section Fills collection tank
6 Pump no 16 Near Hostel 4 Fills Hill tank
7 Pump no 17 Near Hostel 6 Supplies water in Hostel – 6,8 and 9
8 Pump no 18 In Gargi Hostel Supplies water in Gargi and Ganga
(near secondary Hostel
gate)
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Working Pumps of MNIT
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v) RAINWATER HARVESTING
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1) Hill tank supplies water in H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H8 and H10.
Centre, Canteen, Material Research Centre , Esate section , MNIT School and
= 1 * 219402
= 219402 litres
= 2 * 204000
= 408000
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*Losses (UFW) taken are 15% of total water supply (source – Manual on water
Organisation (CPHEEO)
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5) WATER DEMAND CALCULATION
CPHEEO has given certain standards, that is, per capita water demand based on
To use these standards we need to firstly determine the actual population residing
in MNIT campus.
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Population of students residing in hostels was determined directly from hostel
office.
section.
Population of staffs working in departments and offices was directly taken from
establishment section.
staff colony.
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TABLE TAKEN FROM HOSTEL OFFICE
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SN HOSTEL NAME HOSTEL NO OF STUDENTS
O TYPE RESIDING
1 PARIJAT (H1) BOYS 177
2 CHAITANYA (H2) BOYS 169
3 SATPURA (H3) BOYS 180
4 LOHIT (H4) BOYS 140
5 BRIHASPATI (H5) BOYS 182
6 KABIR (H6) BOYS 180
7 DRONA (H7) BOYS 225
8 VARUN (H8) BOYS 210
9 AUROBINDO (H9) BOYS 955
10 PG HOSTEL (H10) BOYS 16
11 GANGA BOYS 20
12 MAITRI (H11) GIRLS 205
13 GARGI (H12) GIRLS 402
14 ACHARYA BHAWAN GIRLS 59
15 MOTI GIRLS 79
16 MOOGA GIRLS 102
TOTAL 3799
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5.1.2) DEPARTMENT WISE POPULATION OF STUDENTS (UG)
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5.1.3) TOTAL STUDENT DEPARTMENT WISE IN MNIT (UG + PG)
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From above table calculating total population and presenting in table below
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At present there are two more institutes running in MNIT – IIIT Kota and NIT
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5.1.5) TOTAL POPULATION IN DEPARTMENTS
Based on data from all institutes total population (includes students, teaching staff,
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5.1.6) POPULATION IN STAFF COLONY
To find the staff colony population we have carried out survey of few quarters of each
type and after taking average population of quarter of each type total staff population
1) A type
2) B type
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=5
3) C type
5) F type
Similarly average population of H type , MSH and Acharya Bhawan has been
calculated.
Now total houses of each type has been taken from estate section which is as
follows:-
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ACHARYA BHAVAN 22
table
There are certain other buildings in MNIT which have not been covered so far and
considering all these total population has been shown in following table
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* Population in guest house is calculated by taking help of no of beds. Since there are
After finding the population water demand needs to be calculated for which standard
water demand in per capita per day is required which is provided by “MANUAL ON
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• To calculate water demand in MNIT school and offices like Prabha bhavan ,
departments,etc
After taking the standards from respective table the water demand is shown
below:-
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5.3) FUTURE POPULATION AND WATER DEMAND
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Very soon we may need a lot of water which is about 1.5 times the present
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6)PROBLEMS
• At present water supply is little bit higher than demand but still we are facing
day.
• Fresh water is being wasted in flushing, cleaning,etc further adding to water
scarcity.
• In future population will increase for sure without much increase in supply
it to full extent.
• Surface water is limited because we do not have enough supply from Bisalpur
dam.
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7) WATER MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES
7.1) CLASSIFICATION
• This is the reason supply management strategy may not be feasible although
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• So we have to shift to demand management strategies.
for future usage. The collected rainwater may be stored, utilised in different
MNIT has a huge rainwater saving potential considering a lot of area it has.
rainwater through pipes or drains, filtration, and tanks for storage of harvested
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1) Catchments: - The surface which directly receives the rainfall and
galvanized iron or corrugated sheets can also be used for water harvesting.
rectangular and mostly made locally from plain galvanized iron sheet.
Gutters need to be supported so they do not sag or fall off when loaded
with water. The way in which gutters are fixed mainly depends on the
construction of the house, mostly iron or timber brackets are fixed into the
walls.
4) Conduits:- Conduits are pipelines or drains that carry rainwater from the
of first spell of rain away from the storage tank that carries a relatively
collected from rooftop water. The Various types of filters generally used
for commercial purpose are Charcoal water filter, Sand filters, Horizontal
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7) Storage facility: - There are various options available for the construction
of these tanks with respect to the shape, size, material of construction and
the position of tank and they are:- Shape: Cylindrical, square and
the groundwater aquifers through suitable structures like dug wells, bore
MNIT CAMPUS
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The formula for calculation for harvesting potential or volume of water received or
A) RUNOFF COEFFICIENT
Runoff coefficient for any catchment is the ratio of the volume of water that
runs off a surface to the volume of rainfall that falls on the surface. Runoff
surface wetting and evaporation, which will all contribute to reducing the
amount of runoff.
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SOURCE: - “Current Scenario of Rain Water Harvesting System in Residential
Taking average from above table value of runoff coefficient is taken as follows: -
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The area has been calculated using “ARCMAP”
1. PAVED SURFACE
2) ROOFTOP
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Based on the shapefile generated the area was calculated by ARCMAP.
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TABLE FOR
AREA IS
SHOWN ON
NEXT PAGE
RAINWATER
THAT CAN BE
HARVESTED
IN THE
ENTIRE
YEAR IS
SHOWN
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A) ROOFTOP OF STAFF COLONY
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SAMPLE CALCULATION (FOR FIRST ROW)
VOLUME OF RUNOFF = 282 * 0.85 * 0.429 = 102.8313 m3
B) ROOFTOP OF HOSTELS
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SAMPLE CALCULATION
Volume of runoff = 0.85 * 1094 *0.429 = 398.9271 m3
D) PAVED SURFACE
SAMPLE CALCULATION
VOLUME OF RUNOFF = 0.7 * 1714 * 0.429 = 514.7142
= 37530 m3
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We receive water through water fittings and its efficiency is one of the most important
aspects while saving water. Unfortunately most of water fittings and water closet
particularly in hostels and staff colony are mostly old and a lot of wastage of water is
To determine the wastage occurring due to it and the savings that can be extracted
At present the water products that are being used in MNIT is mostly conventional
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In order to determine the water consumption of conventional water fittings we have
7.3.1)Water consumption pattern using conventional fittings and water closet for
In order to calculate the water consumption pattern the bifurcation of per capita
demand needs to be known. This is given by IS-1172 and BC PUNMIA BOOK and
shown below
For water efficient fittings data from WEP -1 manual is required which is shown
below: -
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Now water consumption pattern for staff colony and hostels is calculated separately
and show: -
1) STAFF COLONY
There are five types of consumption patterns which need to be studied. These are
ON SURVEY)(PER CAPITA)
In the survey we have tried to measure the discharge of present fittings,
per minute. The standard for bathroom is 55 lpcd. Therefore , time for which it
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B) WATER EFFICIENT CONVENTIONAL FITTINGS
The consumption is shown below: -
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C) 1 STAR EFFICIENT FITTINGS
The consumption is shown below
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E) 3 STAR EFFICIENT FITTINGS
The consumption is shown below
COMPARISON
The following table compares the water consumption of all water fittings in
staff colony
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2) HOSTEL
The calculations similar for hostels are same as that of staff colony
ON SURVEY)(PER CAPITA)
The consumption is shown below
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C) 1 STAR EFFICIENT FITTINGS
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E) 3 STAR EFFICIENT FITTINGS
COMPARISON
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7.3.2) COMPARISON WITH PRESENT WATER FITTINGS IN MNIT
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7.3.4) OVERALL COMPARISON
The bar chart below shows that how much water can be saved by just
replacing the present fittings with water efficient fittings in staff colony and
hostels.
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7.3.5) SOME IMAGES OF WATER EFFICIENT FITTINGS FROM
WEP-I MANUAL
This has been taken from research paper entitled – “Water Audit – Need of the
following table:-
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*TUMBLER
hold pens on a desk. Tumblers are sometimes made in small sizes to fit in bathroom
cup holders.
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7.5) Use of reclaimed water (e.g. Waste water/grey water) to reduce the need for
Grey water is the relatively clean waste water from baths, sinks, washing machines,
• With full flushing system , the water demand for staff is 150lpcd and for
• Out of total water demand per capita 45 lpcd and 30 lpcd for staff and hostels
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7.5.2) BIFURCATION OF PER CAPITA WATER DEMAND
= 84 lpcd
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= 84 lpcd
For calculating this again water required for flushing is need. The bifurcation is
shown below
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Considering 100% efficiency of sedimentation tank , grey water can be used for
• All waste water generated after using recycled water can be collected in a
• The treated water from stp can then be used for irrigation , flushing,house
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7.5.7) PRESENT SCENARIO OF RECYCLED WATER
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7.5.9) FUTURE DEMAND AFTER USING RECYCLING PROCESS
7.5.10) COMPARISON
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8) RESULT
lot of water. Water savings can be only way to sustain the present water
bar charts discussed above in the water management strategies itself depict
MNIT has great potential to save water via rainwater harvesting due to its
large area.
Due to its large population a lot of grey water can be generated and which
Overall MNIT has huge water saving potential , just proper management
9) REFERENCES
1. CPHEEO MANUAL
2. IS 1172
3. WATER SUPPLY ENGINEERING BOOK BY BC PUNMIA
4. WATER EFFICIENT FITTINGS MANUAL BY INDIAN PLUMBING
ASSOCIATION
5. WATER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT GOVERNMENT OF
RAJASTHAN WEBSITE
6. RAINWATER HARVESTING IN NIT ROURKELA BY RANJIT KUMAR
SHARMA
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7. CENTRAL GROUND WATER BOARD MANUAL
8. DATA GIVEN BY ESTATE SECTION, ACADEMIC SECTION, HOSTEL
OFFICE. ETC.
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