Kuomintang PDF

Kuomintang
The Kuomintang of China[6][7] (/ˈkwoʊˌmɪnˈtɑːŋ, -ˈtæŋ/,[8] KMT; (sometimes spelled

as Guomindang) often translated as theNationalist Party of China)[9] is a major political
Kuomintang of China
party in the Republic of China on Taiwan, based in Taipei and is currently the opposition
中國國民黨
Zhōngguó Guómíndǎng
political party in the Legislative Yuan.
The predecessor of the Kuomintang, the Revolutionary Alliance (Tongmenghui), was one
of the major advocates of the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty and the subsequent
declaration of independence in 1911 that resulted in the establishment of the Republic of
China. The KMT was founded by Song Jiaoren and Sun Yat-sen shortly after the Xinhai
Revolution of 1911. Sun was the provisional President, but he later ceded the presidency
to Yuan Shikai. Later led by Chiang Kai-shek, the KMT formed the National
Revolutionary Army and succeeded in its Northern Expedition to unify much of mainland
China in 1928, ending the chaos of the Warlord Era. It was the ruling party in mainland
China until 1949, when it lost the Chinese Civil War to the rival Communist Party. The Chairman Wu Den-yih
KMT retreated to Taiwan where it continued to govern as an authoritarian single-party Secretary-General Tseng Yung-
state. This government retained China's UN seat (with considerable international support) chuan
until 1971. Founded 24 November
1894 (as
As of 1987, Taiwan is no longer a single-party state and political reforms beginning in the Revive china
1990s have loosened the KMT's grip on power. Nevertheless, the KMT remains one of Society)
Taiwan's main political parties, with Ma Ying-jeou, elected in 2008 and re-elected in Preceded by Revive China
2012, being the seventh KMT member to hold the office of the presidency. However, in Society (1894)
the 2016 general and presidential elections the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) Tongmenghui
gained control of both theLegislative Yuan and the Presidency (Tsai Ing-wen).
(1905)
Nationalist
The party's guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, advocated by Sun Yat- Party (1912)
Chinese
sen. The KMT is a member of the International Democrat Union. Together with the
Revolutionary
People First Party and New Party, the KMT forms what is known as the Taiwanese Pan-
Party (1914)
Blue Coalition, which supports eventual unification with the mainland. However, the
Headquarters No.232~234,
KMT has been forced to moderate its stance by advocating the political and legal status Sec. 2, BaDe
quo of modern Taiwan, as political realities make the reunification of China unlikely. The Rd., Zhongshan
KMT holds to a "One China Principle": it officially considers that there is only one China, District, Taipei,
but that the Republic of China rather than the People's Republic of China is its legitimate Republic of
government under the 1992 Consensus. In order to ease tensions with the PRC, the KMT China[1]
has since 2008 endorsed the "Three Noes" policy as defined by Ma Ying-jeou: no Newspaper Central Daily
unification, no independence and no use of force.[10]
News
Kuomintang
News Network
Think tank National Policy
Contents Foundation
Youth wing Kuomintang
History
Youth League
Founding and Sun Yat-sen era
Under Chiang Kai-shek in Mainland China Membership (2017) 1,090,000[2]
In Taiwan since 1945 Ideology Three
Current issues and challenges Principles of the
Party assets People[3][4][5]
Cross-strait relations Chinese
nationalism
Supporter base Liberal
Organization conservativism
Leadership Conservatism
Chairman and Vice Chairmen
Political position Centre-right
Secretary-General and Vice secretaries-general
National affiliation Pan-Blue
Legislative Yuan leader (Caucus leader)
Coalition
Party organization and structure[37]
International Centrist
Ideology in mainland China (1920s–1950s) affiliation Democrat
Chinese nationalism International
New Guangxi Clique International
Socialism and anti-capitalist agitation Democrat
Confucianism and religion in ideology Union
Education
Colours Blue
Soviet-style military
Legislative Yuan 35 / 113
Parties affiliated with the Kuomintang
Malaysian Chinese Association Municipal 1/6
Tibet Improvement Party Mayoralties
Vietnamese Nationalist Party
City Mayoralties 5 / 16
Ryukyu Guomindang
and County
Organizations sponsored by the Kuomintang Magistracies
Policy on ethnic minorities Local Councillors 386 / 906
Stance on separatism
Election results (after 1980s) Township Chiefs 80 / 211
Presidential elections
Legislative elections Party flag
Local elections
National Assembly elections
See also
References
Citations
Sources
Further reading
Website
External links www.kmt.org.tw
Politics of the Republic of China

History Political parties
Elections
Founding and Sun Yat-sen era Kuomintang

The KMT traces its ideological and
organizational roots to the work of
Sun Yat-sen, a proponent of Chinese
nationalism and democracy, who
founded Revive China Society in
"Kuomintang (Guómíndǎng)" in Traditional
Honolulu in the Republic of Hawaii
(top) and Simplified (bottom) Chinese
on 24 November 1894.[11] In 1905,
characters
Sun joined forces with other anti- Chinese name
The Revolutionary Army attacking monarchist societies in Tokyo, Traditional Chinese 中國國民黨
Nanjing in 1911. Empire of Japan to form the
Simplified Chinese 中国国民党
Tongmenghui on 20 August 1905, a
group committed to the overthrow Literal meaning "Nationals’ Party of
of the Qing Dynasty and the establishment of arepublican government. China"
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
The group planned and supported the Xinhai Revolution of 1911 and the founding of Hanyu Pinyin Zhōngguó Guómín Dǎng
the Republic of China on 1 January 1912. However, Sun did not have military power Bopomofo ㄓㄨㄥㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇ
and ceded the provisional presidency of the republic to Yuan Shikai, who arranged ㄧㄣˊ ㄉㄤˇ
for the abdication of Puyi, the last Emperor, on 12 February.
Gwoyeu Jong'gwo Gwomin Daang
On 25 August 1912, the Nationalist Party was established at the Huguang Guild Hall Romatzyh
in Peking, where Tongmenghui and five smaller pro-revolution parties merged to Wade–Giles Chung¹-kuo² Kuo²-min²
contest the first national elections.[12] Sun was chosen as the party chairman with Tang³
Huang Xing as his deputy. IPA [ʈʂʊ́ ŋkwǒ kwǒmǐn tàŋ]
The most influential member of the party was the third ranking Song Jiaoren, who other Mandarin
mobilized mass support from gentry and merchants for the Nationalists to advocate a Xiao'erjing ‫ﺟﻮ ﻗُﻮَع ﻗُﻮَع م ٍ دْا‬
ْ
constitutional parliamentary democracy. The party opposed constitutional Dungan Җунгуй Гуймин Дон
monarchists and sought to check the power of Yuan. The Nationalists won an
Wu
overwhelming majority of the firstNational Assembly electionin December 1912.
Romanization tson平 koh入 koh入 min平
However, Yuan soon began to ignore the parliament in making presidential decisions. taon上
Song Jiaoren was assassinated in Shanghai in 1913. Members of the Nationalists led Hakka
by Sun Yat-sen suspected that Yuan was behind the plot and thus staged the Second Romanization dung24 gued2 gued2 min11
Revolution in July 1913, a poorly planned and ill-supported armed rising to dong31
overthrow Yuan, and failed. Yuan, claiming subversiveness and betrayal, expelled
Yue: Cantonese
adherents of the KMT from the parliament.[13][14] Yuan dissolved the Nationalists in
November (whose members had largely fled into exile in Japan) and dismissed the
Yale Jūnggwok Gwokmàhn
parliament early in 1914.
Romanization Dóng
IPA [tsóŋkʷɔ̄ ːk̚ kʷɔ̄ ːk̚mɐ̏ n tɔ̌ ːŋ]
Yuan Shikai proclaimed himself emperor in December 1915. While exiled in Japan
Jyutping zung1gwok3 gwok3man4
in 1914, Sun established the Chinese Revolutionary Party on 8 July 1914, but many
dong2
of his old revolutionary comrades, including Huang Xing, Wang Jingwei, Hu
Southern Min
Hanmin and Chen Jiongming, refused to join him or support his efforts in inciting
armed uprising against Yuan. In order to join the Revolutionary Party, members had Hokkien POJ Tiong-kok Kok-bîn-tóng
to take an oath of personal loyalty to Sun, which many old revolutionaries regarded Abbreviated to
as undemocratic and contrary to the spirit of the revolution. As a result, he became Traditional Chinese 國民黨
largely sidelined within the Republican movement during this period.
Simplified Chinese 国民党
Sun returned to China in 1917 to establish a military junta at Canton, in order to Transcriptions
oppose the Beiyang government, but was soon forced out of office and exiled to
Standard Mandarin
Shanghai. There, with renewed support, he resurrected the KMT on 10 October
Hanyu Pinyin Guómín Dǎng
1919, under the name Kuomintang of China ( 中國國民黨 ) and established its
headquarters in Canton in 1920. Bopomofo ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄉㄤˇ
Gwoyeu Romatzyh Gwomin Daang
In 1923, the KMT and its Canton government accepted aid from the Soviet Union
Wade–Giles Kuo²-min² Tang³
after being denied recognition by the western powers. Soviet advisers - the most
prominent of whom was Mikhail Borodin, an agent of the Comintern – arrived in IPA [kwǒmǐn tàŋ]
China in 1923 to aid in the reorganization and consolidation of the KMT along the Wu
lines of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, establishing a Leninist party Romanization koh入min平taon上
structure that lasted into the 1990s. The Communist Party of China (CPC) was under Hakka
Comintern instructions to cooperate with the KMT, and its members were
Romanization gued2min11dong31
encouraged to join while maintaining their separate party identities, forming the First
United Front between the two parties. Mao Zedong and early members of the CPC
Yue: Cantonese
also joined the KMT in 1923. Yale Romanization Gwokmàhn Dóng
IPA [kʷɔ̄ ːk̚mɐ̏ n tɔ̌ ːŋ]
Soviet advisers also helped the KMT to set up a political institute to train
Jyutping gwok3man4 dong2
propagandists in mass mobilization techniques, and in 1923 Chiang Kai-shek, one of
Sun's lieutenants from the Tongmenghui days, was sent to Moscow for several Southern Min
Hokkien POJ Kok-bîn-tóng
months' military and political study. At the first party congress in 1924 in Tibetan name
ང་གོའི་གོ་མིན་ཏང
Kwangchow, Kwangtung, (Guanzhou, Guangdong) which included non-KMT
Tibetan
delegates such as members of the CPC, they adopted Sun's political theory, which
included the Three Principles of the People - nationalism, democracy and people's Transcriptions
livelihood. Wylie krung go'i go min tang
Zhuang name
Under Chiang Kai-shek in Mainland China Zhuang Cunghgoz

Gozminzdangj
When Sun Yat-sen died in 1925, the political leadership of the KMT fell to Wang
Jingwei and Hu Hanmin, respectively the left wing and right wing leaders of the Mongolian name
party. The real power, however, was in the hands of Chiang Kai-shek, who, as the Mongolian Cyrillic Дундадын(Хятадын)
superintendent of the Whampoa Military Academy, was in near complete control of Гоминдан(Хувьсгалт
the military. With their military superiority, KMT confirmed their rule on Canton, the Нам)
provincial capital of Kwangtung. The Guangxi warlords pledged loyalty to the KMT.
(
(
Mongolian script
The KMT now became a rival government in opposition to the warlord Beiyang
)
government based in Peking.[15]
  )
Chiang assumed leadership of the KMT on 6 July 1926. Unlike Sun Yat-sen, whom
 
he admired greatly, and who forged all his political, economic and revolutionary
ideas primarily from what he had learned in Hawaii and indirectly through British Transcriptions
Hong Kong and Empire of Japan under Meiji Restoration, Chiang knew relatively SASM/GNC Dumdadyn(Khyatadyn)
little about the West. He also studied in Japan, but he was firmly rooted in his ancient Gomindan(khuvisgalt Nam)
Han Chinese identity and was steeped in Chinese culture. As his life progressed, he
Uyghur name
became increasingly attached to ancient Chinese culture and traditions. His few trips
Uyghur ‫اڭ‬
to the West confirmed his pro-ancient Chinese outlook and he studied the ancient
Chinese classics and ancient Chinese history assiduously.[15] In 1924, Sun Yat-sen Transcriptions
sent Chiang to spend three months in Moscow studying the political and military Latin Yëziqi Junggo Gomindang
system of the Soviet Union. Chiang met Leon Trotsky and other Soviet leaders, but Yengi Yeziⱪ Junggo Gomindang
quickly came to the conclusion that the Soviet communist, Marxist and socialist
Siril Yëziqi Җуңго Гоминдaнг
model of government was not suitable for China. This laid the beginning of his
lifelong antagonism againstcommunism. Manchu name
Manchu script
Chiang was also particularly committed to Sun's idea of "political tutelage." Sun
believed that the only hope for a unified and better China lies in a military conquest,
followed by a period of political tutelage that would culminate in the transition to
Romanization Jungg'o-i
democracy. Using this ideology, Chiang built himself into the dictator of the
G'omindang
Republic of China, both in the Chinese mainland and when the national government
was relocated to Taiwan.[15]
Following the death of Sun Yat-sen, Chiang Kai-shek emerged as the KMT leader and launched the Northern Expedition to defeat the
northern warlords and unite China under the party. With its power confirmed in the southeast, the Nationalist Government appointed Chiang
Kai-shek commander-in-chief of the National Revolutionary Army (NRA), and the Northern Expedition to suppress the warlords began.
Chiang had to defeat three separate warlords and two independent armies. Chiang, with Soviet supplies, conquered the southern half of
China in nine months.
A split, however, erupted between the Chinese Communist Party and the KMT, which threatened the Northern Expedition. Wang Jing Wei,
who led the KMT leftist allies took the city ofWuhan in January 1927. With the support of the Soviet agent Mikhail Borodin, Wang declared
the National Government as having moved to Wuhan. Having taken Nanking in March, Chiang halted his campaign and prepared a violent
break with Wang and his communist allies. Chiang's expulsion of the CPC and their Soviet advisers, marked by the Shanghai massacre on
April 12, led to the beginning of the Chinese Civil War. Wang finally surrendered his power to Chiang. Joseph Stalin ordered the Chinese
Communist Party to obey the KMT leadership. Once this split had been healed, Chiang resumed his Northern Expedition and managed to
take Shanghai.[15]
During the Nanking Incident in March 1927, the NRA stormed the consulates of the United
States, United Kingdom (UK) and Empire of Japan, looted foreign properties and almost
assassinated the Japanese consul. An American, two British, one French, an Italian and a
Japanese were killed.[16] These looters also stormed and seized millions of dollars worth of
British concessions inHankou, refusing to hand them back to the UK.[17] Both Nationalists
and Communist soldiers within the army participated in the rioting and looting of foreign
residents in Nanking.[18]
NRA took Peking in 1928. The city was the internationally recognized capital, though
previously controlled by warlords. This event allowed the KMT to receive widespread
diplomatic recognition in the same year. The capital was moved from Peking to Nanking,
the original capital of the Ming Dynasty, and thus a symbolic purge of the final Qing
elements. This period of KMT rule in China between 1927 and 1937 was relatively stable
and prosperous and is still known as theNanjing decade.
After the Northern Expedition in 1928, the Nationalist governmentunder the KMT declared
The KMT revere founderSun Yat-sen
that China had been exploited for decades underunequal treaties signed between the foreign as the "Father of the Nation."
powers and the Qing Dynasty. The KMT government demanded that the foreign powers
renegotiate the treaties on equal terms.[19]
Before the Northern Expedition, the KMT

began as a heterogeneous group
advocating American-inspired federalism
and provincial autonomy. However, the
KMT under Chiang's leadership aimed at
establishing a centralized one-party state
with one ideology. This was even more
evident following Sun's elevation into a
Venue of the 1st National Congress
cult figure after his death. The control by of Kuomintang in 1924.
one single party began the period of
"political tutelage," whereby the party was
to lead the government while instructing
the people on how to participate in a
democratic system. The topic of
Chiang Kai-shek, leader of the reorganizing the army, brought up at a

Kuomintang after Sun's death in military conference in 1929, sparked the
1925. Central Plains War. The cliques, some of
them former warlords, demanded to retain
their army and political power within their
own territories. Although Chiang finally won the war, the conflicts among the cliques
would have a devastating effect on the survival of the KMT. Muslim Generals in Kansu
waged war against the Guominjun in favor of the KMT during the conflict in Gansu in
1927-1930.[20]
Although the Second Sino-Japanese War officially broke out in 1937, Japanese aggression
started in 1931 when they staged the Mukden Incident and occupied Manchuria. At the
same time, the CPC had been secretly recruiting new members within the KMT government
and military. Chiang was alarmed by the expansion of the communist influence. He KMT flag displayed in Lhasa, Tibet in
believed that in order to fight against foreign aggression, the KMT must solve its internal 1938.
conflicts first, so he started his second attempt to exterminate CPC members in 1934. With
the advice from German military advisors, the KMT forced the Communists to withdraw
from their bases in southern and central
China into the mountains in a massive
military retreat known as the Long March.
Less than 10% of the communist army
survived the long retreat to Shaanxi
province, but they re-established their
military base quickly with aid from the
Soviet Union.
KMT in Tihwa, Sinkiang in 1942. The National Revolutionary Army

The KMT was also known to have used
soldiers marched into the British
terror tactics against suspected
concessions in Hankou during the
communists, through the utilization of a secret police force, who were employed to maintain
Northern Expedition.
surveillance on suspected communists and political opponents. In The Birth of Communist
China, C.P. Fitzgerald describes China under the rule of the KMT thus: "the Chinese people
ficiency."[21]
groaned under a regime Fascist in every quality except ef
Zhang Xueliang, who believed that the Japanese invasion was a greater threat, was
persuaded by the CPC to take Chiang hostage during the Xi'an Incident in 1937 and forced
Chiang to agree to an alliance with them in the total war against the Japanese. However, in
many situations the alliance was in name only; after a brief period of cooperation, the
armies began to fight the Japanese separately, rather than as coordinated allies. Conflicts
between KMT and CPC were still common during the war, and documented claims abound
of CPC attacks upon the KMT forces and vice versa.
While the KMT army received heavy casualties fighting the Japanese, the CPC expanded its
territory by guerrilla tactics within Japanese occupied regions, leading some claims that the
CPC often refused to support the KMT troops, choosing to withdraw and let the KMT
troops take the brunt of Japanese attacks.[22]
Nationalist soldiers during the
Second Sino-Japanese War.
After Japan surrendered in 1945, Taiwan
was returned to the Republic of China on
25 October 1945. The brief period of celebration was soon shadowed by the possibility of a
civil war between the KMT and CPC. The Soviet Union declared war on Japan just before
they surrendered and occupied Manchuria, the north eastern part of China. The Soviet
Union denied the KMT army to enter the region and assisted CPC to take over the Japanese
factories and supplies.
Full-scale civil war between communist People's Republic of China (PRC) and the
Nationalist (KMT) Republic of China (Taiwan) erupted in 1946. The communist Chinese
armies, People's Liberation Army (PLA), previously a minor faction, grew rapidly in
influence and power due to several errors on the KMT's part. First, the KMT reduced troop
levels precipitously after the Japanese surrender, leaving large numbers of able-bodied,
trained fighting men who became unemployed and disgruntled with the KMT as prime
recruits for PLA. Second, the KMT government proved thoroughly unable to manage the
economy, allowing hyperinflation to result. Among the most despised and inef
fective efforts
The retrocession of Taiwan in Taipei
on 25 October 1945. it undertook to contain inflation was the conversion to the gold standard for the national
treasury and the Gold Standard Scrip in August 1948, outlawing private ownership of gold,
silver and foreign exchange, collecting all such precious metals and foreign exchange from
the people and issuing the Gold Standard Scrip in exchange. As most farmland in the north were under CPC's control, the cities governed by
the KMT lacked food supply and this added to the hyperinflation. The new scrip became worthless in only ten months and greatly reinforced
the nationwide perception of the KMT as a corrupt or at best inept entity. Third, Chiang Kai-shek ordered his forces to defend the urbanized
cities. This decision gave CPC a chance to move freely through the countryside. At first, the KMT had the edge with the aid of weapons and
ammunition from the United States (US). However, with the country suffering from hyperinflation, widespread corruption and other
economic ills, the KMT continued to lose popular support. Some leading officials and military leaders of the KMT hoarded material,
armament and military-aid funding provided by the US. This became an issue which proved to be a hindrance of its relationship with US
government. US President Harry S. Truman wrote that "the Chiangs, the Kungs and the Soongs (were) all thieves," having taken $750
million in US aid.[23]
At the same time, the suspension of American aid and tens of thousands of deserted or decommissioned soldiers being recruited to PLA
cause tipped the balance of power quickly to CPC side, and the overwhelming popular support for the CPC in most of the country made it all
but impossible for the KMT forces to carry out successful assaults against the Communists.
By the end of 1949, the CPC controlled almost all of mainland China, as the KMT retreated to Taiwan with a significant amount of China's
national treasures and 2 million people, including military forces and refugees. Some party members stayed in the mainland and broke away
from the main KMT to found the Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang, which still currently exists as one of the eight minor
registered parties of the People's Republic of China.
In Taiwan since 1945

In 1895, Formosa (now called Taiwan), including the Penghu islands, became a Japanese
colony via the Treaty of Shimonoseki following the First Sino-Japanese War.
After Japan's defeat at the end of World War II in 1945, General Order No. 1 instructed
Japan to surrender its troops in Taiwan to Chiang Kai-shek. On 25 October 1945, KMT
general Chen Yi acted on behalf of the Allied Powers to accept Japan's surrender and
proclaimed that day asTaiwan Retrocession Day.
Tensions between the local Taiwanese and mainlanders from Mainland China increased in The former KMT headquarters in
the intervening years, culminating in a flashpoint on 27 February 1947 in Taipei when a Taipei City (1949-2006); the imposing
structure, directly facing the
dispute between a female cigarette vendor and an anti-smuggling officer in front of Tianma
Presidential Building, was seen as a
Tea House triggered civil disorder and protests that would last for days. The uprising turned
symbol of the party's wealth and
bloody and was shortly put down by theROC Army in the February 28 Incident. As a result dominance.
of the February 28 Incident in 1947, Taiwanese people endured what is called the "White
Terror," a KMT-led political repression that resulted in the death or disappearance of over
30,000 Taiwanese intellectuals, activists, and people suspected of opposition to the
KMT.[24]
Following the establishment of the People's Republic of China (PRC) on 1 October 1949,
the commanders of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) believed that Kinmen and Matsu
had to be taken before a final assault on Taiwan. The KMT fought the Battle of Guningtou
on 25–27 October 1949 and stopped the PLA invasion. The KMT headquarter was set up on
10 December 1949 at No. 11 Zhongshan South Road.[25] In 1950, Chiang took office in
Taipei under the Temporary Provisions Effective During the Period of Communist
Rebellion. The provision declared martial law in Taiwan and halted some democratic
processes, including presidential and parliamentary elections, until the mainland could be
recovered from the CPC. The KMT estimated it would take 3 years to defeat the
Communists. The slogan was "prepare in the first year, start fighting in the second, and
conquer in the third year." Chiang also initiated the Project National Glory to retake back
the mainland in 1965, but was eventually dropped in July 1972 after many unsuccessful
Wu Den-yih, the incumbent
attempts. Chairperson of Kuomintang.
However, various factors, including international pressure, are believed to have prevented
the KMT from militarily engaging the CPC full-scale. The KMT backed Muslim insurgents
formerly belonging to the NRA during the KMT Islamic insurgency in 1950–1958 in Mainland China. A cold war with a couple of minor
military conflicts was resulted in the early years. The various government bodies previously in Nanjing, that were re-established in Taipei as
the KMT-controlled government, actively claimed sovereignty over all China. The Republic of China in Taiwan retained China's seat in the
United Nations until 1971.
Until the 1970s, the KMT successfully pushed ahead with land reforms, developed the economy, implemented a democratic system in a
lower level of the government, improved relations between Taiwan and the mainland and created the Taiwan economic miracle. However,
the KMT controlled the government under a one-party authoritarian state until reforms in the late 1970s through the 1990s. The ROC in
Taiwan was once referred to synonymously with the KMT and known simply as "Nationalist China" after its ruling party. In the 1970s, the
KMT began to allow for "supplemental elections" in aTiwan to fill the seats of the aging representatives in the National Assembly.
Although opposition parties were not permitted, Tangwai (or, "outside the party") representatives were tolerated. In the 1980s, the KMT
focused on transforming the government from a single-party system to a multi-party democratic one and embracing "Taiwanization." With
the founding of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) on 28 September 1986, the KMT started competing against the DPP in
Parliamentary elections.
In 1991, martial law ceased when President Lee Teng-hui terminated the Temporary Provisions Effective During the Period of Communist
Rebellion. All parties started to be allowed to compete at all levels of elections, including the presidential election. Lee Teng-hui, the ROC's
first democratically elected President and the leader of the KMT during the 1990s, announced his advocacy of "special state-to-state
relations" with the PRC. The PRC associated this idea withTaiwan independence.
The KMT faced a split in 1993 that led to the formation of the New Party in August 1993, alleged to be a result of Lee's "corruptive ruling
style." The New Party has, since the purging of Lee, largely reintegrated into the KMT. A much more serious split in the party occurred as a
result of the 2000 Presidential election. Upset at the choice of Lien Chan as the party's presidential nominee, former party Secretary-General
James Soong launched an independent bid, which resulted in the expulsion of Soong and his supporters and the formation of the People First
Party (PFP) on 31 March 2000. The KMT candidate placed third behind Soong in the elections. After the election, Lee's strong relationship
with the opponent became apparent. In order to prevent defections to the PFP, Lien moved the party away from Lee's pro-independence
policies and became more favorable toward Chinese reunification. This shift led to Lee's expulsion from the party and the formation of the
Taiwan Solidarity Union(TSU) by Lee supporters on 24 July 2001.
Prior to this, the party's voters had defected to both the PFP and TSU, and the KMT did
poorly in the December 2001 legislative elections and lost its position as the largest party
in the Legislative Yuan. However, the party did well in the 2002 local government
mayoral and council election with Ma Ying-jeou, its candidate for Taipei mayor, winning
reelection by a landslide and its candidate forKaohsiung mayor narrowly losing but doing
surprisingly well. Since 2002, the KMT and PFP have coordinated electoral strategies. In
2004, the KMT and PFP ran a joint presidential ticket, with Lien running for president
and Soong running for vice-president.
The loss of the presidential election of 2004 to DPP President Chen Shui-bian by merely
over 30,000 votes was a bitter disappointment to party members, leading to large scale
rallies for several weeks protesting alleged electoral fraud and the "odd circumstances" of
the shooting of President Chen. However, the fortunes of the party were greatly improved
when the KMT did well in thelegislative elections held in December 2004 by maintaining Pan-blue supporters at a rally during
its support in southern Taiwan achieving a majority for thePan-Blue Coalition. the 2004 presidential election.
Soon after the election, there appeared to be a falling out with the KMT's junior partner,
the People First Party and talk of a merger seemed to have ended. This split appeared to widen in early 2005, as the leader of the PFP, James
Soong appeared to be reconciling with President Chen Shui-Bian and the Democratic Progressive Party. Many PFP members including
legislators and municipal leaders have defected to the KMT
, and the PFP is seen as a fading party.
In 2005, Ma Ying-jeou became KMT chairman defeating speaker Wang Jin-pyng in the first public election for KMT chairmanship. The
KMT won a decisive victory in the 3-in-1 local elections of December 2005, replacing the DPP as the largest party at the local level. This
was seen as a major victory for the party ahead of legislative elections in 2007. There were elections for the two municipalities of the ROC,
Taipei and Kaohsiung on December 2006. The KMT won a clear victory in Taipei, but lost to the DPP in the southern city of Kaohsiung by
the slim margin of 1,100 votes.
On 13 February 2007, Ma was indicted by the Taiwan High Prosecutors Office on charges of allegedly embezzling approximately NT$11
million (US$339,000), regarding the issue of "special expenses" while he was mayor of Taipei. Shortly after the indictment, he submitted his
resignation as KMT chairman at the same press conference at which he formally announced his candidacy for ROC President. Ma argued
that it was customary for officials to use the special expense fund for personal expenses undertaken in the course of their official duties. In
December 2007, Ma was acquitted of all charges and immediately filed suit against the prosecutors. In 2008, the KMT won a landslide
victory in the Republic of China Presidential Election on 22 March 2008. The KMT fielded former Taipei mayor and former KMT chairman
Ma Ying-jeou to run against the DPP's Frank Hsieh. Ma won by a butt of 17% against Hsieh. Ma took office on 20 May 2008, with Vice-
Presidential candidate Vincent Siew, and ended 8 years of the DPP presidency. The KMT also won a landslide victory in the 2008 legislative
elections, winning 81 of 113 seats, or 71.7% of seats in the Legislative Yuan. These two elections gave the KMT firm control of both the
executive and legislative yuans.
On 25 June 2009, President Ma launched his bid to regain KMT's leadership and registered as the sole candidate for the election of the KMT
chairmanship. On July 26, Ma won 93.87% of the vote, becoming the new chairman of the KMT,[26] taking office on 17 October 2009. This
officially allows Ma to be able to meet with Xi Jinping, the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China and other PRC delegates, as
he is able to represent the KMT as leader of a Chinese political party, rather than as head-of-state of a political entity unrecognized by the
PRC.[27]
On 29 November 2014, the KMT suffered a heavy loss in the local election to the DPP, winning only 6 municipalities and counties, down
from 14 in the previous election in 2009 and 2010. Ma Ying-jeou subsequently resigned from the party chairmanship on 3 December and
replaced by acting ChairmanWu Den-yih. Chairmanship electionwas held on 17 January 2015 and Eric Chu was elected to become the new
.[28]
chairman. He was inaugurated on 19 February
Current issues and challenges
Party assets
As the ruling party on Taiwan, the KMT amassed a vast business empire of banks, investment companies, petrochemical firms, and
television and radio stations, thought to have made it the world's richest political party, with assets once estimated to be around US$2–10
billion.[29] Although this war chest appeared to help the KMT until the mid-1990s, it later led to accusations of corruption (often referred to
as "black gold").
After 2000, the KMT's financial holdings appeared to be more of a liability than a benefit, and the KMT started to divest itself of its assets.
However, the transactions were not disclosed and the whereabouts of the money earned from selling assets (if it has gone anywhere) is
unknown. There were accusations in the 2004 presidential election that the KMT retained assets that were illegally acquired. During the
2000-2008 DPP presidency, a law was proposed by the DPP in the Legislative Yuan to recover illegally acquired party assets and return
them to the government. However, due to the DPP's lack of control of the legislative chamber at th
e time, it never materialised.
The KMT also acknowledged that part of its assets were acquired through extra-legal means and thus promised to "retro-endow" them to the
government. However, the quantity of the assets which should be classified as illegal are still under heated debate. DPP, in its capacity as
ruling party from 2000–2008, claimed that there is much more that the KMT has yet to acknowledge. Also, the KMT actively sold assets
under its title in order to quench its recent financial difficulties, which the DPP argues is illegal. Former KMT Chairman Ma Ying-Jeou's
position is that the KMT will sell some of its properties at below market rates rather than return them to the government and that the details
of these transactions will not be publicly disclosed.
In 2006, the KMT sold its headquarters at 11 Zhongshan South Road in Taipei to Evergreen
Group for NT$2.3 billion (US$96 million). The KMT moved into a smaller building on
Bade Road in the eastern part of the city.[30]
In July 2014, the KMT reported total assets of NT$26.8 billion (US$892.4 million) and
interest earnings of NT$981.52 million for the year of 2013, making it one of the richest
political parties in the world.[31]
In August 2016, the Ill-gotten Party Assets Settlement Committee is set up by the ruling
DPP government to investigate KMT party assets acquired during the martial law period Kuomintang public service centre,
[32]
and recover those that were determined to be illegally acquired. Shilin, Taipei
Cross-strait relations
In December 2003, then-KMT chairman (present chairman emeritus) and presidential candidate Lien Chan initiated what appeared to some
to be a major shift in the party's position on the linked questions of Chinese reunification and Taiwan independence. Speaking to foreign
journalists, Lien said that while the KMT was opposed to "immediate independence," it did not wish to be classed as "pro-reunificationist"
either.
At the same time, Wang Jin-pyng, speaker of the Legislative Yuan and the Pan-Blue Coalition's campaign manager in the 2004 presidential
election, said that the party no longer opposed Taiwan's "eventual independence." This statement was later clarified as meaning that the
KMT opposes any immediate decision on unification and independence and would like to have this issue resolved by future generations. The
KMT's position on the cross-strait relations was redefined as hoping to remain in the current neither
-independent-nor-united situation.
However, there had been a warming of relations between the Pan-Blue Coalition and the PRC, with prominent members of both the KMT
and PFP in active discussions with officials on the mainland. In February 2004, it appeared that KMT had opened a campaign office for the
Lien-Soong ticket in Shanghai targeting Taiwanese businessmen. However, after an adverse reaction in Taiwan, the KMT quickly declared
that the office was opened without official knowledge or authorization. In addition, the PRC issueda statement forbidding open campaigning
in the mainland and formally stated that it had no preference as to which candidate won and cared only about the positions of the winning
candidate.
In 2005, then-party chairman Lien Chan announced that he was to leave his office. The two leading contenders for the position included Ma
Ying-jeou and Wang Jin-pyng. On 5 April 2005, Taipei Mayor Ma Ying-jeou said he wished to lead the opposition KMT with Wang Jin-
pyng. On 16 July 2005, Ma was elected as KMT Chairman in the first contested leadership in KMT's 93-year history. Some 54% of the
party's 1.04 million members cast their ballots. Ma garnered 72.4% of vote share, or 375,056 votes, against Wang's 27.6%, or 143,268 votes.
After failing to convince Wang to stay on as a vice chairman, Ma named holdovers Wu Po-hsiung, Chiang Pin-kung and Lin Cheng-chi (林
澄枝), as well as long-time party administrator and strategist John Kuan as vice-chairmen. All appointments were approved by a hand count
of party delegates.
On 28 March 2005, thirty members of the KMT, led by Vice Chairman Chiang Pin-
kung, arrived in mainland China. This marked the first official visit by the KMT tothe
mainland since it was defeated by communist forces in 1949 (although KMT members
including Chiang had made individual visits in the past). The delegates began their
itinerary by paying homage to the revolutionary martyrs of the Tenth Uprising at
Huanghuagang. They subsequently flew to the former ROC capital of Nanjing to
commemorate Sun Yat-sen. During the trip, the KMT signed a 10-points agreement
with the CPC. The opponents regarded this visit as the prelude of the third KMT-CPC
cooperation, after the First and Second United Front. Weeks afterwards, in May 2005,
Chairman Lien Chan visited the mainland and met with Hu Jintao, General Secretary
Lien Chan [middle] and Wu Po-hsiung
of the Communist Party of China. This marked the first meeting between leaders of
[second left] and the KMT touring theSun
the KMT and CPC after the end of Chinese Civil War in 1949. No agreements were
Yat-sen Mausoleum in Nanjing, the
signed because incumbent Chen Shui-bian's government threatened to prosecute the People's Republic of China. The Pan-Blue
KMT delegation for treason and violation of ROC laws prohibiting citizens from coalition visited the mainlandin 2005.
collaborating with CPC.
Supporter base
Support for the KMT in Taiwan encompasses a wide range of groups. KMT support tends to be higher in northern Taiwan and in urban
areas, where it draws its backing from big businesses due to its policy of maintaining commercial links with mainland China.
The KMT also has strong support in the labor sector because of the many labor benefits and insurance implemented while the KMT was in
power. The KMT traditionally has strong cooperation with military officers, teachers, and government workers. Among the ethnic groups in
Taiwan, the KMT has solid support amongmainlanders and their descendants, for ideological reasons, and amongTaiwanese aboriginals.
The deep-rooted hostility between Aboriginals and (Taiwanese) Hoklo, and the Aboriginal communities effective KMT networks, contribute
to Aboriginal skepticism towards the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) and the Aboriginals' tendency to vote for the KMT.[33]
Aboriginals have criticized politicians for abusing the "indigenization" movement for political gains, such as aboriginal opposition to the
DPP's "rectification" by recognizing the Taroko for political reasons, with the majority of mountain townships voting for Ma Ying-jeou.[34]
In 2005 the Kuomintang displayed a massive photo of the anti-Japanese Aboriginal leader Mona Rudao at its headquarters in honor of the
[35]
60th anniversary of Taiwan's retrocession from Japan to the Republic of China.
Traditional opponents of the KMT included strong supporters of aiwan

T independence and rural residents, particularly in southern Taiwan.
For social issues, the KMT does not take an official position on same-sex marriage, though opposition to same-sex marriage comes mostly
.[36]
from Christian groups, who wield significant political influence especially within the KMT
Organization
Leadership
The Kuomintang's constitution designated Sun Yat-sen as party president. After his death,
the Kuomintang opted to keep that language in its constitution to honor his memory forever.
The party has since been headed by a director-general (1927–1975) and a chairman (since
1975), positions which officially discharge the functions of the president.
Chairman and Vice Chairmen
Chairman
Current Chairman: Wu Den-yih (since 20 August 2017)
Vice chairpersons
Current Vice Chairpersons: Hau Lung-pin, Tseng Yung-chuan (since 20 August KMT headquarters in Taipei City. In
2017) June 2006, the KMT Central
Committee moved to Bade building,
a much more modest building, and
Secretary-General and Vice secretaries-general
has sold the original headquarters to
private investors of theEVA Airways
Secretary-General Corporation.
Current Secretary-General:Tseng Yung-chuan [曾永權] (since 20 August

2017)
Vice Secretaries-General
Current Vice Secretaries-General:Tu Chien-te [杜建德], Lin Te-fu [林德福]
Legislative Yuan leader (Caucus leader)
Hong Yuh-chin [洪玉欽] (1 February 1999 – 1 February 2004)

Tseng Yung-chuan (1 February 2004 – 1 December 2008)
KMT Kinmen headquarters office in
Lin Yi-shih (1 December 2008 – 1 February 2012)
Jincheng Township, Kinmen County.
Lin Hung-chih (1 February 2012 – 31 July 2014)
Alex Fai [費鴻泰] (31 July 2014 – 7 February 2015)
Lai Shyh-bao (7 February 2015 – 7 July 2016)
Liao Kuo-tung (7 July 2016 – 29 June 2017)
Lin Te-fu (29 June 2017 – 14 June 2018)
Johnny Chiang (since 14 June 2018)
Party organization and structure[37]

National Congress
Party Chairman
Vice-Chairmen
Central Committee
Central Steering Committee for Women

Central Standing Committee
Secretary-General
Deputy Secretaries-General
Executive Director
KMT Building in Vancouver's
Policy Committee
Chinatown, BC, Canada.
Policy Coordination Department
Policy Research Department
Mainland Affairs Department
National Development Institute
Administrative Division
Research Division
Education and Counselling Division
Party Disciplinary Committee
Evaluation and Control Office

Audit Office
Culture and Communications Committee KMT branch office in Pingzhen
District, Taoyuan City.
Cultural Department
Communications Department
KMT Party History Institute
Administration Committee
Personnel Office
General Office
Finance Office
Accounting Office
Information Center
Organizational Development Committee
Organization and Operations Department

Elections Mobilization Department
Community Volunteers Department
Overseas Department
Youth Department
Women's Department
The KMT maintains offices in some

Ideology in mainland China (1920s–1950s) of the Chinatowns of the world. Its
United States party headquarters are
located in San Francisco Chinatown,
Chinese nationalism on Stockton Street directly across the
Chinese Six Companies.
KMT was a nationalist revolutionary party, which had been supported by the Soviet Union.
It was organized on the Leninist principle of organisation, democratic centralism.[38]
KMT had several influences upon its ideology by revolutionary thinking. KMT and Chiang Kai-shek used the words feudal and
counterrevolutionary as synonyms for evil and backwardness, and proudly proclaimed themselves to be revolutionary.[39][40] Chiang called
the warlords feudalists, and called for feudalism and counterrevolutionaries to be stamped out by KMT.[41][42][43][44] Chiang showed
extreme rage when he was called a warlord, because of its negative, feudal connotations.[45] Ma Bufang was forced to defend himself
, people's power."[46]
against the accusations, and stated to the news media that his army was a part of "National army
Chiang Kai-shek, the head of KMT, warned the Soviet Union and other foreign countries
about interfering in Chinese affairs. He was personally angry at the way China was treated
by foreigners, mainly by the Soviet Union, Britain, and the United States.[42][47] He and his
New Life Movement called for the crushing of Soviet, Western, American and other foreign
influences in China. Chen Lifu, a CC Clique member in the KMT, said "Communism
originated from Soviet imperialism, which has encroached on our country." It was also
."[44]
noted that "the white bear of the North Pole is known for its viciousness and cruelty
The Blue Shirts Society, a fascist paramilitary organization within KMT modeled after
Mussolini's blackshirts, was anti-foreign and anticommunist, and stated that its agenda was
to expel foreign (Japanese and Western) imperialists from China, crush Communism, and
eliminate feudalism.[48] In addition to being anticommunist, some KMT members, like
Chiang Kai-shek's right-hand man Dai Li were anti-American, and wanted to expel
American influence.[49]
KMT leaders across China adopted nationalist rhetoric. The Chinese Muslim general Ma
KMT Eastern U.S. headquarters is in
Bufang of Qinghai presented himself as a Chinese nationalist to the people of China, New York Chinatown.
fighting against British imperialism, to deflect criticism by opponents that his government
was feudal and oppressed minorities like Tibetans and Buddhist Mongols. He used his
.[50][51]
Chinese nationalist credentials to his advantage to keep himself in power
KMT pursued a sinicization policy, it was stated that "the time had come to set about the
business of making all natives either turn Chinese or get out" by foreign observers of KMT
policy. It was noted that "Chinese colonization" of "Mongolia and Manchuria" led "to a
."[52][53][54]
conviction that the day of the barbarian was finally over
New Guangxi Clique

KMT office of Australasia in Sydney,
KMT branch in Guangxi province, led by the New Guangxi Clique of Bai Chongxi and Li
Australia.
Zongren, implemented anti-imperialist, anti-religious, and anti-foreign policies. During the
Northern Expedition, in 1926 in Guangxi, Muslim General Bai Chongxi led his troops in
destroying most of the Buddhist temples and smashing idols, turning the temples into schools and KMT headquarters. Bai led an anti-foreign
wave in Guangxi, attacking American, European, and other foreigners and missionaries, and generally making the province unsafe for non-
[55]
natives. Westerners fled from the province, and some Chinese Christians were also attacked as imperialist agents.
The leaders clashed with Chiang Kai-shek, which led to theCentral Plains War where Chiang defeated the clique.
Socialism and anti-capitalist agitation

KMT had a left wing and a right wing, the left being more radical in its pro-Soviet policies, but both wings equally persecuted merchants,
accusing them of being counterrevolutionaries and reactionaries. The right wing under Chiang Kai-shek prevailed, and continued radical
policies against private merchants and industrialists, even as they denounced communism.
One of the Three Principles of the People of KMT, Mínshēng, was defined as socialism by Dr. Sun Yat-sen. He defined this principle of
saying in his last days "its socialism and its communism." The concept may be understood as social welfare as well. Sun understood it as an
industrial economy and equality of land holdings for the Chinese peasant farmers. Here he was influenced by the American thinker Henry
George (see Georgism) and German thinker Karl Marx; the land value tax in Taiwan is a legacy thereof. He divided livelihood into four
areas: food, clothing, housing, and transportation; and planned out how an ideal (Chinese) government can take care of these for its people.
KMT was referred to having a socialist ideology. "Equalization of land rights" was a clause included by Dr. Sun in the original Tongmenhui.
KMT's revolutionary ideology in the 1920s incorporated unique ChineseSocialism as part of its ideology.[56]
The Soviet Union trained KMT revolutionaries in the Moscow Sun Yat-sen University. In the West and in the Soviet Union, Chiang was
known as the "Red General."[57] Movie theaters in the Soviet Union showed newsreels and clips of Chiang, at Moscow Sun Yat-sen
University Portraits of Chiang were hung on the walls, and in the Soviet May Day Parades that year, Chiang's portrait was to be carried
[58]
along with the portraits of Karl Marx, Lenin, Stalin, and other socialist leaders.
KMT attempted to levy taxes upon merchants in Canton, and the merchants resisted by raising an army, the Merchant's volunteer corps. Dr.
Sun initiated this anti-merchant policy, and Chiang Kai-shek enforced it, Chiang led his army of Whampoa Military Academy graduates to
defeat the merchant's army. Chiang was assisted by Soviet advisors, who supplied him with weapons, while the merchants were supplied
with weapons from the Western countries.[59][60]
KMT were accused of leading a "Red Revolution" in Canton. The merchants were conservative and reactionary, and their Volunteer Corp
leader Chen Lianbao was a prominentcomprador trader.[59]
The merchants were supported by the foreign, western Imperialists such as the British, who led an international flotilla to support them
against Dr. Sun.[60] Chiang seized the western supplied weapons from the merchants, and battled against them. A KMT General executed
[61] The British Communist party congratulated Dr. Sun for
several merchants, and KMT formed a Soviet inspired Revolutionary Committee.
[62]
his war against foreign imperialists and capitalists.
In 1948, KMT again attacked the merchants of Shanghai, Chiang Kai-shek sent his son Chiang Ching-kuo to restore economic order. Ching-
kuo copied Soviet methods, which he learned during his stay there, to start a social revolution by attacking middle-class merchants. He also
enforced low prices on all goods to raise support from theproletariat.[63]
As riots broke out and savings were ruined, bankrupting shopowners, Ching-kuo began to attack the wealthy, seizing assets and placing them
under arrest. The son of the gangster Du Yuesheng was arrested by him. Ching-kuo ordered KMT agents to raid the Yangtze Development
Corporation's warehouses, which was privately owned by H.H. Kung and his family. H.H. Kung's wife was Soong Ai-ling, the sister of
Soong Mei-ling who was Ching-kuo's stepmother. H.H. Kung's son David was arrested, the Kung's responded by blackmailing the Chiang's,
threatening to release information about them, eventually he was freed after negotiations, and Ching-kuo resigned, ending the terror on the
Shanghainese merchants.[64]
KMT also promotes government-owned corporations. KMT founder Sun Yat-sen, was heavily influenced by the economic ideas of Henry
George, who believed that the rents extracted from natural monopolies or the usage of land belonged to the public. Dr. Sun argued for
Georgism and emphasized the importance of a mixed economy, which he termed "The Principle of Minsheng" in his Three Principles of the
People.
"The railroads, public utilities, canals, and forests should be nationalized, and all income from the land and mines should be in the hands of
[65]
the State. With this money in hand, the State can therefore finance the social welfare programs."
KMT Muslim Governor of Ningxia, Ma Hongkui promoted state-owned monopolies. His government had a company, Fu Ning Company,
[66]
which had a monopoly over commerce and industry in Ningxia.
Corporations such as CSBC Corporation, Taiwan, CPC Corporation, Taiwan and Aerospace Industrial Development Corporation are owned
by the state in the Republic of China.
Marxists also existed in KMT. They viewed the Chinese revolution in different terms than the CPC, claiming that China already went past its
.[67]
feudal stage and in a stagnation period rather than in another mode of production. These Marxists in KMT opposed the CPC ideology
Confucianism and religion in ideology

KMT used traditional Chinese religious ceremonies, the souls of Party martyrs who died fighting for KMT and the revolution and the party
founder Dr. Sun Yat-sen were sent to heaven according to KMT. Chiang Kai-shek believed that these martyrs witnessed events on earth from
heaven.[68][69][70][71]
The KMT backed the New Life Movement, which promoted Confucianism, and it was also against westernization. KMT leaders also
opposed the May Fourth Movement. Chiang Kai-shek, as a nationalist, and Confucianist, was against the iconoclasm of the May Fourth
Movement. He viewed some western ideas as foreign, as a Chinese nationalist, and that the introduction of western ideas and literature that
the May Fourth Movement wanted was not welcome. He and Dr. Sun Yat-sen criticized these May Fourth intellectuals for corrupting morals
of youth.[72]
KMT also incorporated Confucianism in its jurisprudence. It pardoned Shi Jianqiao for
murdering Sun Chuanfang, because she did it in revenge since Sun executed her father Shi
Congbin, which was an example of Filial piety to one's parents in Confucianism.[73] KMT
[74]
encouraged filial revenge killings and extended pardons to those who performed them.
Education
KMT purged China's education system of western ideas, introducing Confucianism into the
curriculum. Education came under the total control of state, which meant, in effect, the
KMT, via the Ministry of Education. Military and political classes on KMT's Three KMT members pay tribute to the Sun
Principles of the Peoplewere added. Textbooks, exams, degrees and educational instructors Yat-sen Mausoleum in Beijing in
[75]
were all controlled by the state, as were all universities. 1928 after the success of the
Northern Expedition. From right to
left, are Generals Cheng Jin, Zhang
Zuobao, Chen Diaoyuan, Chiang
Soviet-style military
Kai-shek, Woo Tsin-hang, Yan
Chiang Ching-kuo, appointed as KMT director of Secret Police in 1950, was educated in Xishan, General Ma Fuxiang, Ma
the Soviet Union, and initiated Soviet style military organization in the Republic of China Sida, and General Bai Chongxi.
Military, reorganizing and Sovietizing the political officer corps, surveillance, and KMT
activities were propagated throughout the military. Opposed to this was Sun Li-jen, who
was educated at the American Virginia Military Institute.[76] Chiang Ching-kuo then arrested Sun Li-jen, charging him of conspiring with
, Sun was placed under house arrest in 1955.[77][78]
the American CIA of plotting to overthrow Chiang Kai-shek and KMT
Parties affiliated with the Kuomintang
Malaysian Chinese Association

The Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA) was initially pro-ROC and mainly consisted of
KMT members who joined as an alternative and were also in opposition to the Malayan
Communist Party, supporting the KMT in China by funding them with the intention of
[79]
reclaiming the Chinese mainland from the communists.
Tibet Improvement Party

The Tibet Improvement Partywas founded by Pandatsang Rapga, a pro-ROC and pro-KMT Malaysian Chinese Association
Khampa revolutionary, who worked against the 14th Dalai Lama's Tibetan Government in
Lhasa. Rapga borrowed Sun Yat-sen's Three Principles of the People doctrine and translated
his political theories into the Tibetan language, hailing it as the best hope for Asian peoples against imperialism. Rapga stated that "the
Sanmin Zhuyi was intended for all peoples under the domination of foreigners, for all those who had been deprived of the rights of man. But
it was conceived especially for the Asians. It is for this reason that I translated it. At that time, a lot of new ideas were spreading in Tibet,"
during an interview in 1975 by Dr. Heather Stoddard.[80] He wanted to destroy the feudal government in Lhasa, in addition to modernizing
and secularizing Tibetan society. The ultimate goal of the party was the overthrow of the Dalai Lama's regime, and the creation of a Tibetan
Republic which would be an autonomous Republic within the ROC.[81] Chiang Kai-shek and the KMT funded the party and their efforts to
build an army to battle the Dalai Lama's government.[82] KMT was extensively involved in the Kham region, recruiting the Khampa people
to both oppose the Dalai Lama's Tibetan government, fight the Communist Red Army, and crush the influence of local Chinese warlords
who did not obey the central government.
Vietnamese Nationalist Party

KMT assisted the Viet Nam Quoc Dan Dang party, which translates literally into Chinese as Yuenan Kuomintang (越南國民黨), meaning
"Vietnamese Nationalist Party."[83][84] When it was established, it was based on the Chinese KMT and was pro Chinese.[85][86] The Chinese
KMT helped the party, known as the VNQDD, set up headquarters in Canton and Yunnan, to aid their anti imperialist struggle against the
French occupiers of Indo China and against the Vietnamese Communist Party. It was the
first revolutionary nationalist party to be established in Vietnam, before the communist
party. The KMT assisted VNQDD with funds and military training.
The VNQDD was founded with KMT aid in 1925, they were against Ho Chi Minh's Viet
Nam Revolutionary Youth League.[87] When the VNQDD fled to China after the failed
uprising against the French, they settled in Yunnan and Canton, in two different
branches.[88][89] The VNQDD existed as a party in exile in China for 15 years, receiving
help, militarily and financially, and organizationally from the Chinese KMT.[90] The two Vietnamese Kuomintang
VNQDD parties merged into a single organization, the Canton branch removed the word
"revolutionary" from the party name. Lu Han, a KMT official in Nanjing, who was
originally from Yunnan, was contacted by the VNQDD, and the KMT Central Executive Committee and Military made direct contact with
[87]
VNQDD for the first time, the party was reestablished in Nanjing with KMT help.
The Chinese KMT used the VNQDD for its own interests in south China and Indo China. General Zhang Fakui (Chang Fa-kuei), who based
himself in Guangxi, established the Viet Nam Cach Menh Dong Minh Hoi meaning "Viet Nam Revolutionary League" in 1942, which was
assisted by the VNQDD to serve the KMT's aims. The Chinese Yunnan provincial army, under the KMT, occupied northern Vietnam after
the Japanese surrender in 1945, the VNQDD tagging alone, opposing Ho Chi Minh's communist party.[91] The Viet Nam Revolutionary
League was a union of various Vietnamese nationalist groups, run by the pro Chinese VNQDD. Its stated goal was for unity with China
under the Three Principles of the People, created by KMT founder Dr. Sun and opposition to Japanese and French Imperialists.[92][93] The
Revolutionary League was controlled by Nguyen Hai Than, who was born in China and could not speak Vietnamese. General Zhang
shrewdly blocked the Communists of Vietnam, and Ho Chi Minh from entering the league, as his main goal was Chinese influence in Indo
China.[94] The KMT utilized these Vietnamese nationalistsduring World War II against Japanese forces.[95]
A KMT left winger, General Chang Fa-kuei worked with Nguyen Hai Than, a VNQDD member, against French Imperialists and
Communists in Indo China.[96] General Chang Fa-kuei planned to lead a Chinese army invasion of Tonkin in Indochina to free Vietnam
[97] The VNQDD opposed the government ofNgo Dinh Diem during the Vietnam
from French control, and to get Chiang Kai-shek's support.
War.[98]
Ryukyu Guomindang
On 30 November 1958 the establishment of the Ryukyu Guomindang took place. Tsugumasa Kiyuna headed its predecessor party, the
Ryukyuan separatist Ryukyu Revolutionary Party which was backed by the Kuomintang in aiwan.
T [99]
Organizations sponsored by the Kuomintang

Ma Fuxiang founded Islamic organizations sponsored by KMT, including the China Islamic
Association (中國回教公會).[100]
KMT Muslim General Bai Chongxi was Chairman of the Chinese Islamic National
Salvation Federation.[101] The Muslim Chengda school and Yuehua publication were
.[102]
supported by the Nationalist Government, and they supported KMT
The Chinese Muslim Association was also sponsored by KMT, and it evacuated from the
mainland to Taiwan with the party. The Chinese Muslim Association owns the Taipei Grand
Mosque which was built with funds from KMT.[103] Taipei Grand Mosque
The Yihewani (Ikhwan al Muslimun a.k.a. Muslim brotherhood) was the predominant
Muslim sect backed by KMT. Other Muslim sects, like the Xidaotang were also supported by the KMT. The Chinese Muslim brotherhood
became a Chinese nationalist organization and supported KMT rule. Brotherhood Imams like Hu Songshan ordered Muslims to pray for the
Nationalist Government, salute KMT flags during prayer
, and listen to nationalist sermons.
Policy on ethnic minorities

KMT considers all minorities to be members of the Chinese Nation. Former KMT leader Chiang Kai-shek considered all the minority
peoples of China, including the Hui, as descendants of Yellow Emperor, the Yellow Emperor and semi mythical founder of the Chinese
nation. Chiang considered all the minorities to belong to the Chinese Nation Zhonghua Minzu and he introduced this into KMT ideology,
which was propagated into the educational system of the Republic of China, and the Constitution of the ROC considered Chiang's ideology
to be true.[104][105][106] In Taiwan, the President performs a ritual honoring the Yellow Emperor, while facing west, in the direction of the
Chinese mainland.[107]
KMT kept the Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission for dealing with Mongolian And Tibetan affairs. A Muslim, Ma Fuxiang, was
appointed as its Chairman.[108]
KMT was known for sponsoring Muslim students to study abroad at Muslim universities like Al Azhar and it established schools especially
for Muslims, Muslim KMT warlords like Ma Fuxiang promoted education for Muslims.[109] KMT Muslim Warlord Ma Bufang built a girls'
school for Muslim girls inLinxia City which taught modern secular education.[110]
Tibetans and Mongols refused to allow other ethnic groups like Kazakhs to participate in the Kokonur ceremony in Qinghai, but the KMT
Muslim General Ma Bufang allowed them to participate.[111]
Chinese Muslims were among the most hardline KMT members. Ma Chengxiang was a Muslim and a KMT member, and refused to
surrender to the Communists.[112][113]
KMT incited anti Yan Xishan and Feng Yuxiang sentiments among Chinese Muslims and Mongols, encouraging for them to topple their rule
during the Central Plains War.[114]
Masud Sabri, a Uyghur was appointed as Governor of Xinjiang by KMT, as was the Tatar Burhan Shahidi and the Uyghur Yulbars
Khan.[115]
The Muslim General Ma Bufang also put KMT symbols on his mansion, the Ma Bufang Mansion along with a portrait of party founder Dr.
Sun Yatsen arranged with KMT flag and the Republic of China flag.
General Ma Bufang and other high ranking Muslim Generals attended the Kokonuur Lake Ceremony where the God of the Lake was
worshipped, and during the ritual, the Chinese national anthem was sung, all participants bowed to a Portrait of KMT founder Dr. Sun Yat-
sen, and the God of the Lake was also bowed to, and offerings were given to him by the participants, which included the Muslims.[116] This
cult of personality around KMT leader and KMT was standard in all meetings. Sun Yat-sen's portrait was bowed to three times by KMT
party members.[117] Dr. Sun's portrait was arranged with two flags crossed under, the KMT flag and the flag of the Republic of China.
KMT also hosted conferences of important Muslims like Bai Chongxi, Ma Fuxiang, and Ma Liang. Ma Bufang stressed "racial harmony" as
a goal when he was Governor of Qinghai.[118]
In 1939 Isa Yusuf Alptekin and Ma Fuliang were sent on a mission by KMT to the Middle Eastern countries such as
Egypt, Turkey and Syria
to gain support for the Chinese War against Japan, they also visited Afghanistan in 1940 and contacted Muhammad Amin Bughra, they
asked him to come to Chongqing, the capital of the Nationalist Government. Bughra was arrested by the British in 1942 for spying, and
KMT arranged for Bughra's release. He and Isa Yusuf worked as editors of KMT Muslim publications.[119] Ma Tianying (馬天英) (1900–
[120]
1982) led the 1939 mission which had 5 other people including Isa and Fuliang.
Stance on separatism
KMT is anti-separatist; during its rule on mainland China, it crushed Uyghur and Tibetan separatist uprisings. KMT claims sovereignty over
Mongolia and Tuva as well as the territories of the modernPeople's Republic and Republic of China.
KMT Muslim General Ma Bufang waged war on the invading Tibetans during the Sino-Tibetan War with his Muslim army, and he
repeatedly crushed Tibetan revolts during bloody battles in Qinghai provinces. Ma Bufang was fully supported by President Chiang Kai-
shek, who ordered him to prepare his Muslim army to invade Tibet several times and threatened aerial bombardment on the Tibetans. With
support from KMT, Ma Bufang repeatedly attacked the Tibetan area of Golog seven times during the KMT Pacification of Qinghai,
eliminating thousands of Tibetans.[121]
General Ma Fuxiang, the chairman of the Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission stated that Mongolia and Tibet were an integral part
of the Republic of China.
Our party (KMT) takes the development of the weak and small and resistance to the strong and violent as our sole and most
urgent task. This is even more true for those groups which are not of our kind [Ch. fei wo zulei zhe]. Now the people of
Mongolia and Tibet are closely related to us, and we have great affection for one another: our common existence and
common honor already have a history of over a thousand years.... Mongolia and Tibet's life and death are China's life and
death. China absolutely cannot cause Mongolia and Tibet to break away from China's territory, and Mongolia and Tibet
cannot reject China to become independent. At this time, there is not a single nation on earth except China that will sincerely
develop Mongolia and Tibet.[122]
Under orders from Nationalist Government of Chiang Kai-shek, the Hui General Ma Bufang, Governor of Qinghai (1937–1949), repaired
Yushu airport to prevent Tibetan separatists from seeking independence. Ma Bufang also crushed Mongol separatist movements, abducting
the Genghis Khan Shrine and attacking Tibetan Buddhist Temples like Labrang, and keeping a tight control over them through the Kokonur
God ceremony.[116][123]
During the Kumul Rebellion, KMT 36th Division (National Revolutionary Army) crushed a separatist Uyghur First East Turkestan
Republic, delivering it a fatal blow at the Battle of Kashgar (1934). The Muslim General Ma Hushan pledged allegiance to KMT and
crushed another Uyghur revolt atCharkhlik Revolt.
During the Ili Rebellion, KMT fought against Uyghur separatists and the Soviet Union, and against Mongolia.
Election results (after 1980s)
Presidential elections
Election Candidate Running mate Total votes Share of votes Outcome

1996 Lee Teng-hui Lien Chan 5,813,699 54.0% Elected
2000 Lien Chan Vincent Siew 2,925,513 23.1% Defeated
2004 Lien Chan James Soong ( PFP) 6,423,906 49.8% Defeated
2008 Ma Ying-jeou Vincent Siew 7,658,724 58.4% Elected

2012 Ma Ying-jeou Wu Den-yih 6,891,139 51.6% Elected
2016 Eric Chu Wang Ju-hsuan ( Ind.) 3,813,365 31.0% Defeated
Legislative elections
Election Total seats won Total votes Share of votes Seat changes Election leader
95 / 161
1992 5,030,725 53.0% 7 seats Lee Teng-hui
85 / 164
123 / 225
1998 4,659,679 46.4% 7 seats (adjusted) Lee Teng-hui
68 / 225
2001 2,949,371 31.3% 46 seats Lien Chan
79 / 225
2004 3,190,081 34.9% 11 seats Lien Chan
81 / 113
2008 5,291,512 53.5% 41 seats (adjusted) Wu Po-hsiung
64 / 113
2012 5,863,379 44.5% 17 seats Ma Ying-jeou
35 / 113
2016 3,280,949 26.9% 29 seats Eric Chu
Local elections
Third-level Third-level
Mayors & Fourth-level Election
Election Councils Municipal Municipal
Magistrates Village heads Leader
heads councils
1994
2/3 91 / 175 Lee
province-level N/A N/A N/A
Teng-hui
only
8 / 23 522 / 886 236 / 319 Lee

1997-1998 N/A N/A
Teng-hui
1998
1/2 48 / 96 Lee
municipalities N/A N/A N/A
Teng-hui
only
9 / 23 382 / 897 195 / 319 Lien

2001-2002 N/A N/A
Chan
2002
1/2 32 / 96 Lien
municipalities N/A N/A N/A
Chan
only
Ma
14 / 23 408 / 901 173 / 319
2005 N/A N/A Ying-
jeou
2006 Ma
1/2 41 / 96
municipalities N/A N/A N/A Ying-
only jeou
Ma
12 / 17 289 / 587 121 / 211
2009 N/A N/A Ying-
jeou
2010 Ma
3/5 130 / 314 1,195 / 3,757
municipalities N/A N/A Ying-
only jeou
Ma
2014 6 / 22 291 / 906 54 / 204 194 / 2,137 390 / 7,836
Ying-
unified
jeou
National Assembly elections

Election Total seats won Total votes Share of votes Outcome of election Election leader
254 / 325
183 / 334
117 / 300
2005 1,508,384 38.92% 66 seats Lien Chan
See also
Whampoa Military Academy
Conservatism in Taiwan
National Revolutionary Army
Nationalist government
History of the Republic of China
Politics of the Republic of China
Military of the Republic of China
Elections in Taiwan
Administrative divisions of the Republic of China
Political status of Taiwan
History of the Kuomintang cultural policy
Index of Taiwan-related articles
Outline of Taiwan
Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang
New Kuomintang Alliance
Campaign at the China–Burma border
Kuomintang Islamic insurgency in China (1950–58)
Joseph Stilwell
February 28 Incident
White Terror (Taiwan)
KMT retreat to Taiwan in 1949
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Further reading
John F. Copper. The KMT Returns to Power: Elections in T aiwan, 2008 to 2012 (Lexington Books; 2013) 251 pages; A
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Chris Taylor, "Taiwan's Seismic shift,"Asian Wall Street Journal, 4 February 2004 (not available online)
External links
Kuomintang Official Website (in Chinese)
Kuomintang News Network

The History of Kuomintang(Archived 31 October 2009)
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Kuomintang

The Kuomintang of China[6][7] (/ˈkwoʊˌmɪnˈtɑːŋ, -ˈtæŋ/,[8] KMT; (sometimes spelled

Politics of the Republic of China

Founding and Sun Yat-sen era Kuomintang

Under Chiang Kai-shek in Mainland China Zhuang Cunghgoz

Before the Northern Expedition, the KMT

Chiang Kai-shek, leader of the reorganizing the army, brought up at a

KMT in Tihwa, Sinkiang in 1942. The National Revolutionary Army

In Taiwan since 1945

Current issues and challenges

Traditional opponents of the KMT included strong supporters of aiwan

Chairman and Vice Chairmen

Current Chairman: Wu Den-yih (since 20 August 2017)

Current Secretary-General:Tseng Yung-chuan [曾永權] (since 20 August

Current Vice Secretaries-General:Tu Chien-te [杜建德], Lin Te-fu [林德福]

Legislative Yuan leader (Caucus leader)

Hong Yuh-chin [洪玉欽] (1 February 1999 – 1 February 2004)

Party organization and structure[37]

Central Steering Committee for Women

Evaluation and Control Office

Organization and Operations Department

The KMT maintains offices in some

New Guangxi Clique

Socialism and anti-capitalist agitation

Confucianism and religion in ideology

Parties affiliated with the Kuomintang

Malaysian Chinese Association

Tibet Improvement Party

Vietnamese Nationalist Party

Organizations sponsored by the Kuomintang

Policy on ethnic minorities

Election results (after 1980s)

Election Candidate Running mate Total votes Share of votes Outcome

2008 Ma Ying-jeou Vincent Siew 7,658,724 58.4% Elected

8 / 23 522 / 886 236 / 319 Lee

9 / 23 382 / 897 195 / 319 Lien

National Assembly elections

Kuomintang News Network

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kuomintang&oldid=869398532

This page was last edited on 18 November 2018, at 09:59(UTC).

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