Overview of a Project

Understanding
Project Management
 Overview of a Project
 Overview of Project Management
 History of Project Management
• Project
– “temporary endeavor undertaken to create a
unique product, service, or result”
– PMBOK Guide, 2008
– its temporary nature specifies a definite beginning
and end
– ends when its objectives are met, it has been
terminated, or the need for it no longer exists

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Overview of a Project Overview of a Project

• Project • Examples of IT projects
– A product – Replacement of ten laptops by a help desk for a
• can either be a component of another item or an end small department
item itself – Additional feature to an internal software
– A capability perform a service application by a small software development team
• business function supporting a production or for the finance department
distribution
– Technology infrastructure upgrade to provide
– A result wireless Internet access throughout the campus
• can be an outcome or a document by a college school

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 Overview of a Project Overview of a Project
• Examples of IT projects • It has a unique purpose.
– New system development to increase sales force • It is temporary.
productivity and customer relationship
• It is developed using progressive elaboration.
management by a company
– Website development by the automobile industry • It requires resources that are often from
to streamline procurement various areas.
• It should have a primary customer or sponsor.
• It involves uncertainty.

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Overview of a Project Overview of a Project

• Triple Constraint • Triple Constraint
– SCOPE – COST
• Work to be done as part of the project • Cost to complete the project
• Unique product, service, or result the customer or • The project’s budget
sponsor expects from the project • Tracking of costs
• Scope verification • Authority on the changes in budget
– TIME
• Duration to complete the project
• The project’s schedule
• Tracking of actual schedule performance by the team
• Approval on the changes in schedule

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 Overview of Project Management Overview of Project Management
• Project management includes the knowledge, • Project Management Framework
skills, methods, techniques, and tools needed
in planning and managing project work.
– Its main purpose is to ensure that the projects
meet agreed goals of time, cost, and scope.

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Overview of Project Management Overview of Project Management

• Stakeholders
– involved in or affected by project activities
– include project sponsor, project team, support
staff, customers, users, suppliers, and opponents
of the project
– their needs and expectations are necessary in the
beginning and all through the life of a project
• Project management knowledge areas
– specify the key competencies that must be
developed by project managers
– four core knowledge areas that can lead to
specific project objectives are identified as project
scope, time, cost, and quality management
– four facilitating knowledge areas through which
the project objectives are achieved include human
resource, communications, risk, and procurement
management

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 Overview of Project Management
• Project management tools and techniques
– aid project managers and their teams in
implementing the nine knowledge areas
– examples of tools and techniques used in time
management include Gantt charts, project
network diagrams, and critical path analysis
Overview of Project Management
• Project success criteria
– project met scope, time, and cost goals
– project satisfied the customer/sponsor
– results of the project met its main objectives

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Overview of Project Management Overview of Project Management

• Project success – Standard software • A portfolio is a collection of projects or
factors infrastructure programs and other works that are grouped
– Firm basic requirements
– Executive support together to facilitate an effective management
– Formal methodology
– User involvement of that work to meet strategic business
– Reliable estimates
– Experienced project objectives.
manager – Other criteria, such as - PMBOK Guide, 2008, p8
small milestones,
– Clear business
proper planning,
objectives
competent staff, and
– Minimized scope ownership

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 Overview of Project Management
• Portfolio management
– the centralized management of one or more
portfolios that includes identifying, prioritizing,
authorizing, managing, and controlling projects,
programs, and other work-related in order to
achieve specific strategic business objectives
– ensures that projects and programs are reviewed
to prioritize the allocation of resources, and that
the management of portfolio is consistent with
and aligned to the strategies of the organization
Overview of Project Management
• A program refers to a group of related
projects that is managed in a coordinated way
to acquire benefits and control not available
from managing them individually.
- PMBOK Guide, 2008, p9
• It can contain elements of related work that is
outside the distinct projects’ scope in the
program.

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Overview of Project Management Overview of Project Management

• Infrastructure • User support
– includes projects that provide wireless Internet – includes projects that provide better e-mail
access, hardware and software upgrade, and system or develop technical training for users
develop and manage corporate IT standards
• Applications development
– includes projects such as ERP system update,
purchase of a new off-the-shelf billing system, or
additional feature for a customer relationship
management system

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 Overview of Project Management
• Program management
– the centralized coordinated management of a
program to attain its strategic objectives and
benefits
– PMBOK Guide, 2008, p10
– focuses on the project interdependencies and it
aids in determining the best approach for them to
be managed
Overview of Project Management
• Resolving resource constraints and/or conflicts
affecting multiple project within the program
• Aligning organizational/strategic direction
affecting project and program goals and
objectives
• Resolving issues and change management
within a shared governance structure

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History of Project Management

• The Manhattan Project was the 1st project that
used modern project management techniques.
• The Gantt chart, network diagram, and critical
path analysis were the project scheduling tools
developed in the early 1900s.
• Today, project management is used in some form
in virtually all organizations and disciplines, and
project management software is making
specialized project management techniques
easier to use.

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