BIOLOGY

Concept Maps
Class VIII (CBSE)
Pollution

Endocrine

Reproduction in Animals

Cell

Microorganisms
 POLLUTION
Discharge of Industrial & Domestic Waste Natural - Volcanic eruptions,
dust storms, forest fires


Used Pesticides & Fertilizer's
Human
e.g. DDT
activities Burning of fuels
Causes
Oil leaks from boats & Ship Causes Deforestation
Use of CFC's
Industrial waste
Ganga in most polluted river Automobile Exhaust
of the world W A Global warming
Water - borne diseases
a Acid rain
Effects Effects
Eutrophication t POLLUTION i Ozone Depletion

e Smog
(Smoke + fog)

Restriction of Human
r r
activities near water bodies Van Mahotsav

Treatment of Industrial domestic

waste before discharge Prevention Prevention Treatment of Industrial
waste
Use of Eco-friendly
fertilizers & pesticides. Use of less polluting
fuel (Unleaded petrol,
Purification Sulphur free coal)

Domestic
Distilation methods
Filtration
Sedimentation
 ADOLESCENCE

PERIOD LEADING TO REPRODUCTIVE MATURITY

Puberty
Increase in height
Period of sexual maturity Leads to
caused by changes in Hormones
Development of Secondary sexua characters in boys and girls
Secretions of This is a growth
hormone
Conserves water
for the body

endocrine glands. Anterior Posterior

Cone shaped gland
in the brain
lobe lobe
Hormone melatonin Regulate the basal
Two distinct region metabolic rate
of the gland
Contanin
pinealocytes
Size of pea
Locate in the neck Thyroxine

Connected to the
hypothalamus Pineal
Gland Secretes thyroxine
Pituitary Thyroid Triiodothyronine
hormone
Located above your kidneys Gland Gland

Helps maintain blood pressure

Pancreas
Reduce calcium level
Adrenal Secretes digestive
Gland
Endocrine enzymes
in the blood
Helps regulated metablism

Helps balance insulin Testes Ovaries Secretes glucagons

Thymus and insulin
Helps slow the immune
systems inflamatory response
Produces thymosin Glucose gets low in
Released when
the blood
High glucose level
Role in lmmune
Important in the blood
system

Ovaries Development /puberty

Testosterone Secretes Testes Contribute
menstrual cycle

Skeetal and Development Voice 2 Hormones

muscular growth of change

Estrogen Progesterone
Reproductive Distribution of
structure bodyhair
Contribute to the development
and function of the female
reproductive organs and sex
characteristics
 REPRODUCTION IN ANIMALS
ASEXUAL (SINGLE PARENT) SEXUAL (TWO PARENT)


STEPS
1


Divide in to more than two Multiple
e.g. Plasmodium Gametogenesis
A FISSION
2 (Formation of
Gametes)
Fertilization
Divide in to two Binary (Fusion of Gametes)


e.g. Bacteria, Amoeba

BUDDING B 3
Embryogenesis
(Formation of


Embryo

4
Parturition
from zygote)

C Fragmentation (Birth of young one)

Spore formation D HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

MALE
Testes

Epididymis FEMALE
Ovaries
Vasa deferentia Fallopian tubes
Vasa deferentia Uterus
Vagina
Penis
Vulva
 Schleiden & Schwann Longest-Nerve cell
Largest - ostrich egg
R.Virchow
Smallest - PPLO/mycoplasma
No membrane bounded organelles
CELL THEORY Prokaryotic
CELL SIZE Loose DNA in cytoplasm
Eukaryotic e.g. BGA, bacteria, PPLO
Collect Can be
Organs e.g. Heart Tissue e.g. skin CELL Seen by
Microscope
Together to make

CELL MEMBRANE PROTOPLASM

(BARRIER FOR CELL & meant for
transportation inside & outside the cell) CYTOPLASM NUCLEUS
(HEAD QUARTER)
Chromatin Cell division
Cell wall (rigid) Plasma membrane Cytosol Cell
(only in plants) (fluid mossaic Organelles Nucleolous
model)

Double Membranous Non Membranous

Plastids Single membranous Ribosome Protein

(kitchen) synthesis
(Only in
Plants)

Mitochondria
(Power house) ER Golgi (Trafficking) Vacuole
(Maintains
(Transportation) Osmoregulation
Energy ATP of cell )
Smooth ER Lysosome
Rough (Suicidal Bags)
ER or
(Protein (waste dispasable
factors) system)

Contain Hydrolytic
enzymes
 Reproduction - Asexual / Sexual

Nutrition - Mixotrophic Medicine

Highly Specific
Importance Agriculture
Industry
Study - Virology
Study - protozoology Nutrition - autotrophic / hetrotophic
Connecting link between living and Nonliving

Discovery - Ivanosvky Reproduction - Sexual / Asexual

Unicellular
Virus Bacteria
Nucleoid
(First animals) 70s ribosomes
Prolozoa Mesosomes for respiration
Structure
Flagella - Locomotion
MICROORGANISMS Cell wall of peptidoglycan
Prokaryotic , Unicellular organism
Eukaryotic, autotrophic, Non
vascular thallophytes Study - Mycology
Reproduction
Study - Algology Algae sexual / Asexual both Reprodution Fungi Non green plants without chlorophyll
Sexual / Asexuall
Nutrition - Autotrophic Nutrition Antotrophic Cell wall of chitin
Lichens - Symbiotic Nutrition (a) Yeast
Association between
(a) Heterotrophic (b) Mildews
Algae & Fungi
(b) Parasitic (c) Moulds
(c) Saprophytic (d) Mushroom