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DEPARTMENT OF EIE

QUESTION BANK
SUBJECT : EI 6801 –COMPUTER CONTROL OF PROCESSES

SEM / YEAR: VIII / IV

UNIT I - DISCRETE STATE-VARIABLE TECHNIQUE

SYLLABUS
State equation of discrete data system with sample and hold – State transition equation –
Methodsof computing the state transition matrix – Decomposition of discrete data transfer
functions – Statediagrams of discrete data systems – System with zero-order hold –
Controllability and observabilityof linear time invariant discrete data system–Stability
tests of discrete-data system – State Observer- State Feedback Control.
PART –A
Q.No Questions BT Level Competence
1. What is zero order hold equivalence? Dec 2007 1 Remembering

2. Compose the mathematical representation of sampler. 6 Creating

May 2008
3. What do you meant by impulse sampling? May 2008 1 Remembering

4. Explain sampled signal. Dec 2008 4 Analyzing

5. Examine the state space model of a second order discrete 4 Analyzing

time system. May 2006
6. Classify the different methods for checking the stability 3 Applying
of a discrete data system? May 2006
7. Examine pole placement method. May 2006 3 Applying

8. Give any two advantages of discrete data system. May 2 Understanding

2005
9. Analyze the use of holding device in a computer control 4 Analyzing
system? May 2005
10. Give the state equation of a SISO, second order discrete 2 Understanding
time system. Dec 2004
11. What is a state diagram? How it is represented? 1 Remembering
12. Give the properties of state transition matrix of discrete 2 Understanding
time system.
13. Classify the basic types of decomposition. 3 Applying

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14. Consider the state model of the discrete time system and 5 Evaluating
draw the corresponding block diagram.
𝑥 (𝑘 + 1) 5 0 𝑥1 (𝑘) 1
[ 1 ]= [ ][ ] + [ ] 𝑢(𝑘)
𝑥2 (𝑘 + 1) 0 −2 𝑥2 (𝑘) 1
𝑥1 (𝑘)
𝑦(𝑘) = [6 7] [ ] + 9 𝑢(𝑘)
𝑥2 (𝑘)

15. 0 1 5 Evaluating
The matrix 𝐴 = [ ] has the characteristic
−4 −5
2
equation |𝜆𝐼 − 𝐴| = 𝜆 + 5𝜆 + 4 = 0.
Prove that the matrix satisfies its characteristic equation.

16. Define Controllability. 1 Remembering

17. Define Observability. 1 Remembering

18. What is canonical form of state model? 1 Remembering

19. Summarize state observer. 2 Understanding

20. Generalize the condition for observability by Kalman’s 6 Creating
method.
PART – B
1. Give the state model of the discrete data system 2 Understanding
represented by the difference equation Dec 2004
y(k+2)+5y(k+1)+6y(k)=u(k)
in Jordan Canonical form. (8)
in Phase Variable form (8)
2. Solve for the stability of the sampled data control 3 Applying
systems represented by the following characteristics
equations. Dec 2007
(i) 𝑍 3 − 0.2𝑍 2 -0.25+0.05 (8)
4 3 2
(ii) 𝑍 − 1.7𝑍 + 1.04𝑍 − 0.268𝑧 + 0.024 (8)
3. A discrete time system has the transfer function 4 Analyzing
Y ( z ) 6 z 3  15 z 2  7 z  5

U ( z) ( z  2) 2 ( z  1)
Analyzethe state model of the system in
(i) phase variable form (8)
(b) Jordon canonical form. (8)
4. (i) Express and derive the transfer function of 2 Understanding
first order hold device
(8)
(ii) Discuss the selection of sampling period (8)
5. Determine the Maystate
2007 transition matrix 5 Evaluating
1 1
A  Z [( zI  A) z ] and Φ(k)
k

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6. Find the controllability and observability of the 1 Remembering
following system:
(i) x(k+1) = x(k) + u(k) (8)

y(k) = x(k)

(ii) x(k+1) = x(k) + u(k) (8)

y(k) = x(k)
7. Analyze the decomposition of discrete data transfer 4 Analyzing
function in detail with neat state diagrams.
8. Solve for the stability of the sampled data control system 3 Applying
represented by the following characteristic equation.
(i) 6𝑍 2 − 2𝑧 + 1 = 0 (8)
3 2
(ii) 𝑍 − 1.3𝑍 -0.08z+0.24=0 (8)

9. What is State Observer? Explain in detail about full order 1 Remembering

State Observer.
10. Analyze the stability of the sampled data control system 4 Analyzing
represented by the following characteristic equation
using bilinear transformation
(i) 𝑧 3 − 0.2𝑧-0.25z+0.05=0 (8)
4 3 2
(ii) 2𝑧 + 7𝑧 +10𝑧 + 4z+1=0 (8)
11. Find the state Transition Matrix 𝑒 𝐴𝑡 using Cayley- 1 Remembering
Hamilton theorem, for the system matrix
0 1
𝐴= [ ]
−2 −3
12. A single input system is described by the following state 2 Understanding
equation.
̇ 1 −1 𝑋1 1
[𝑋-1] = [ ][ ]+ [ ]𝑢
𝑋2̇ 0 1 𝑋2 1
Estimate a state feedback controller which will give
closed loop poles at 0.4, 0.6.
13. A single input system is described by the following state 6 Creating
equation.
𝑥 (𝑘 + 1) 0 1 𝑥1 (𝑘) 0
[ 1 ]= [ ][ ] + [ ] 𝑢(𝑘)
𝑥2 (𝑘 + 1) −4 −5 𝑥2 (𝑘) 1
Design a state feedback controller which will give closed
loop poles at 1.5, 0.3.
14. List the state equation for the system shown below in 1 Remembering
which 𝑥1, 𝑥2 and𝑥3 constitute the state vectors. Examine
whether the system is completely controllable and
observable.

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UNIT II - SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION
SYLLABUS
Non Parametric methods:-Transient analysis–Frequency analysis–correlation analysis–
Spectralanalysis – Parametric methods- Least square method – Recursive least square
method.
PART – A
Q.No Questions BT Level Competence
1. Discuss briefly system identification. 2 Understanding

2. Classify the models available for system identification. 3 Applying

3. What is a black box model? 1 Remembering

4. Discuss grey box model. 2 Understanding

5. What is a white box model? 1 Remembering

6. Define non parametric method. 1 Remembering

7. Examine the drawbacks of transient response analysis. 3 Applying

8. Analyze pre-whitening filter. 4 Analyzing

9. Explain parametric methods of system identification. 4 Analyzing

10. What is least square method? 1 Remembering

11. Summarize the drawbacks of least square method. 2 Understanding

12. What is recursive least square method? 1 Remembering

13. Show the flowchart depicting different stages involved in 3 Applying

system identification.
14. A second order system frequency response gave the 6 Creating
following data. The gain at low frequency is 40db.
Frequency at peak output is 0.7 rad/sec. The asymptotes
at lower and higher frequency intersected at 0.9rad/sec.
Design the parameters of the system.
15. Write the recursive least square algorithm which uses 6 Creating
Kalman filter as parameter estimator.
16. Briefly explain the first order system parameter 2 Understanding
estimation using impulse response method.
17. Evaluate when a system is modelled in joint input output 5 Evaluating
identification method?
18. What is spectral analysis? 1 Remembering

19. When correlation analysis is required? 4 Analyzing

20. EExplain How spectral analysis can be used for system 5 Evaluating
r identification under closed loop operation?

PART – B
1. (i) List and explain the least square algorithm for 1 Remembering
real time identification which uses a
forgetting factor λ.
(10)
(ii) Briefly describe the improved frequency
analysis.(6)

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2. (i) Apply the frequency analysis method of system 3 Applying
parameter estimation. (8)
(ii) Examine the drawback of this method.(4)
(iii) Illustrate the method of improving frequency
analysis.(4)
3. Describe a detailed account on correlation analysis 1 Remembering
method of system identification.
4. What is empirical transfer function estimate of a 1 Remembering
stationary stochastic process? Discuss in detail.
5. Explain in detail in what way spectral densities 4 Analyzing
influence the deviation of estimate from true value.
6. Compare and contrast non parametric and parametric 4 Analyzing
methods of system identification.
7. 2 3 Applying
For the transfer function the response Y(t) is
4𝑠+1
sinusoidal. The amplitude of the output wave is 0.6 and it
lags behind the input by 1.5min. Solve X(t). Note: the
time constant in the transfer function is in minutes.
8. (i) How the impulse response identification using 6 Creating
step responses is done? (10)
(ii) Explain the procedure involved. (6)
9. (i) Configure the second order system impulse 2 Understanding
response. (12)
(ii) Discuss the limitations of transient analysis.(4)
10. (i) A RC network is given an impulse input and 4 Analyzing
the response was drawn. Assume the
components are idle. It was found to be ‘I’ has
a value 3.65 at 1sec and 1.35 at 2sec. Point out
the values of k and τ. (6)
(ii) For a second order system impulse is given as
input from the observed output data and it was
found to been under-damped system. The
output decays with the time constant
τ=0.76sec. Also the time taken between 2
successive peaks is observed as 𝑇𝑑 =0.8sec.
Infer the system parameters. If the value of the
envelope at t=0 is 4. i.e., y(0)=4. (10)
11. A first order system was given an unit step input. From 1 Remembering
the observed response it was found that the steady state
value is 8, also it was observed at 2se its value found to
be 2.3, at 4sec its value found to be 6.7. Find its
parameters.
12. (i) Give and discuss the properties of LSE. (8) 2 Understanding
(ii) A step input was given to second order
system and the following information
obtained. Peak overshoot 30%. The output
corresponding to peak overshoot=2.5. The
time of first minimum (after start) =1.6sec.
Give the essential system parameters.(8)
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13. Give an account of recursive least square method and 2 Understanding
discuss the procedure for parameter estimation.
14. (i) Asses the parameters when a step input is 5 Evaluating
given for a second order system. The
following were observed. 𝑀𝑝 = 40% and the
corresponding output is 2.8, the damped
oscillation has the second minimum value at
𝑡𝑟 = 1.2𝑠𝑒𝑐. (8)
(ii) How the effect of noise can be reduced in
frequency response analysis. (8)

UNIT III - DIGITAL CONTROLLER DESIGN

SYLLABUS
Review of z-transform – Modified of z-transform – Pulse transfer function – Digital PID
controller –Dead-beat control and Dahlin’s control – Smith predictor – Digital Feed-forward
controller –MC State Feedback Controller - LQG Control.
PART – A
Q.No Questions BT Level Competence

1. Define Z transform of unit ramp signal. May 2008 1 Remembering

2. Summarize the limitations of dead beat algorithm? May 2 Understanding

2008
3. Analyze the need for modified Z transform. Dec 2008 4 Analyzing

4. Generalize the assumption made while designing dead 6 Creating

beat controller? Dec 2008
5. Give any two advantages of digital PID Controller. May 2 Understanding
2006
6. What is meant by ringing of digital controller? May 2005 1 Remembering

7. Assess assumption made in design parameter while 5 Evaluating

designing a Dahlin’s controller? Dec 2005
8. Give the major disadvantage of feed forward controller? 2 Understanding
Dec 2005
9. Relate the smith predictor and dead time compensator. 3 Applying

10. State the theoretical properties required for a digital 1 Remembering

control algorithm.
11. State the closed loop specification for a Dahlin’s 1 Remembering
Algorithm.
12. Compare the position and velocity algorithm in a digital 4 Analyzing
PID.
13. Recommend a suitable method to avoid ringing. 5 Evaluating

14. Summarize the final Smith Predictor Control system and 2 Understanding
the state variables used.

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15. Illustrate the condition when a controller is said to be 3 Applying
physically unrealizable?
16. Define robustness of a digital control algorithm. 1 Remembering

17. Analyze the factors to be considered in designing 4 Analyzing

optimum controller.
18. What is LQG control? 1 Remembering

19. Define separation principle. 1 Remembering

20. Formulate a suitable method to achieve desired 6 Creating

performance specification in a sampled data system.
PART – B
1. Determine the pulse transfer function of the following 5 Evaluating
system. Dec 2007

2. Give an account of the stability of the sampled data 2 Understanding

control system whose open loop pulse transfer function
𝑧(𝑧−1)
is given by 𝐺(𝑧) = (5𝑧+1)(5𝑧−1) May 2008
3. (i) Find the pulse transfer function and unit pulse 1 Remembering
response of the system described by
y(n+2)+3y(n+1)+4y(n)=x(n+1)-x(n) (8)
(ii) Find the state equation for the discrete time
system described by
y(n+3)+5y(n+2)+7y(n+1)+3y(n)=u(n) (8)
May 2006
4. Find the D(Z) for the system shown below by using 1 Remembering
Dead beat algorithm. May 2008

5. (i) Find the Z transform of the discrete sequence 1 Remembering

generated by mathematical sampling of the
following continuous time function:
cos 𝜔𝑡(8)
(ii) Find the inverse Z transform of
1
𝐹(𝑍) = (1+𝑍 −1 )(1−𝑍 −1 )2 (8) Dec 2008
6. Discuss briefly and explain the Smith algorithm for dead 2 Understanding
time compensation of a process. Dec 2008

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7. 1.24𝑒 −0.3𝑠 4 Analyzing
A process with transfer function 𝐺𝑝 (𝑆) = (1+0.4𝑠)(1+0.2𝑠)
is to be digitally controlled using sampling period of 0.15
sec. Design a digital algorithm that gives the closed loop
system, steady state set point following and a first order
characteristic with a time constant of 0.15 sec and
transport delay of 0.3sec using Dahlin’s method. May
2006
8. (i) Estimate the Z transform of 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝝎𝒕from the 2 Understanding
definition of Z transform.(8)
(ii) Express the inverse Z transform of
1+2𝑍 −1 +𝑍 −2
𝐹(𝑍) = 𝑍−0.368 by long division method.
(8) May 2005
9. (i) What is meant by pole placement technique in 1 Remembering
designing controller? (8)
(ii) Describe the velocity and position forms of
PID algorithms. (8) Dec 2005
10. For the sampled data control system shown below 3 Applying
calculate the transfer function C(Z)/R(Z) Dec 2004

11. (i) Explain in detail about digital feed forward 4 Analyzing

controller with a neat block diagram.(8)
(ii) Explain the design procedure also (8)
12. Analyze the matrix Riccati equation and state the 4 Analyzing
necessary and sufficient condition for optimal solution.
13. Consider a linear system described by the transfer 6 Creating
𝑌(𝑆) 5
function = . Design a feedback controller
𝑈(𝑆) 𝑠(𝑠+2)(𝑠+3)
with a state feedback so that the closed loop poles are
placed at -1, -2±2j
14. Apply the deadbeat control law for the given 3 Applying
1
processGp (s) = . Where sampling period T=1sec.
0.4s+1

UNIT IV - MULTI-LOOP REGULATORY CONTROL

SYLLABUS
Multi-loop Control-Introduction-Process Identification-Pairing of Inputs and Outputs-The
Relative Gain Array(RGA)-Properties and Application of RGA-Multi-loop PID
Controller-Biggest Log Modulus Tuning Method-De-coupler.
PART – A
Q.No Questions BT Level Competence
1. What is Multi-loop Control? 1 Remembering

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2. Compose the mathematical representation of closed – 6 Creating
Loop stability.
3. What do you meant by Relative Gain Array? 1 Remembering
4. Point out the important properties for steady state 4 Analyzing
process models.
5. Explain the steady state space process model of a second 4 Analyzing
order discrete time system.
6. Classify the different types of Tuning of Multi-loop PID 3 Applying
control systems.
7. Illustrate De-tuning method. 3 Applying
8. Give any two application of the RGA. May 2005 2 Understanding
9. Analyze Bristol Approach. 4 Analyzing
10. Give the state equation of a two input-two output discrete 2 Understanding
time system.
11. What is a Pairing of inputs and outputs? How it is 1 Remembering
represented?
12. Give the properties of RGA. 2 Understanding
13. Examine the applications of RGA. 3 Applying
14. Describe the block diagram for 2*2 multi-loop control 2 Understanding
schemes
15. Define Singular value Analysis 1 Remembering
16. Define De-coupler. 1 Remembering
17. What are the methods used in selecting manipulated 1 Remembering
variables & controlled variables?
18. Summarize the method to compute the relative gains. 5 Evaluating

19. Explain the selection of control loops 5 Evaluating

20. Compose the tuning procedure of Biggest Log-modulus 6 Creating
tuning (BLT) method.
PART – B
1. Decide a suitable multi-loop control strategy for a 5 Evaluating
process with the following steady-state gain matrix
which has been scaled by dividing the process variables
by their maximum values.
𝑦1 0.48 0.90 −0.006 𝑢1
[𝑦2 ] = [0.52 0.95 0.008 ] [𝑢2 ]
𝑦3 0.90 −0.95 0.020 𝑢3
2. (i) Describe the control operation of a flash drum. 1 Remembering
(10)
(ii) Describe the interaction among control loops.
(6)
3. (i) Describe Split Range control of a chemical 1 Remembering
reactor and action of two valves. (8)
(ii) Examine the Split Range control of the Pressure
in a Steam Header. (8)

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4. (i) What are the properties of a relative-gain 1 Remembering
array?(4)
(ii) How many relative gains do you use to compute
in order to specify completely the relative gain
array of a process? (12)
5. Describe in detail about Singular Valve Analysis. 1 Remembering

6. Discuss in detail about pairing of controlled & 2 Understanding

Manipulated variables
(i) Bristol’s Relative Gain Array method(8)
(ii) calculation of the RGA(8)
7. Discuss in detail about 2 Understanding
(i) Biggest Log modulus Tuning method(8)
(ii) Process interactions and control loop
Interactions. (8)
8. (i) Compare and contrast partial Decoupling and 4 Analyzing
static Decoupling. (10)
(ii) Point out the strategies for reducing control loop
interactions. (6)
9. Describe about several types in override control for the 1 Remembering
protection of process equipment
10. Illustrate the methods in Tuning of Multi-loop PID 3 Applying
Controllers with examples.
11. (i) Explain in detail about two input and two output 4 Analyzing
processes. (8)
(ii) Explain the processes of Auctioneering control
Temperature profiles in a Tubular Catalytic
Reactor. (8)
12. Analyze the closed loop stability in Multi-loop control 4 Analyzing
schemes.
13. Design a suitable de-coupler for a Multi-loop system. 6 Creating
14. Apply a suitable method to control a Multi-loop system 3 Applying

UNIT V - MULTIVARIABLE REGULATORY CONTROL

SYLLABUS
Introduction to Multivariable Control- Multivariable PID Controller -Multivariable IMC -
Multivariable Dynamic Matrix Controller- Multivariable Model Predictive Control-
Generalized Predictive Controller-Implementation Issues
. PART – A
Q. No Questions BT Level Competence
1. What is Multivariable Control? 1 Remembering

2. Compose the poles and zeros of multivariable control. 6 Creating

3. Identify the relative gain array from the steady state 1 Remembering
process gain matrix of the multivariable system,
4. Explain multivariable transmission zeros. 4 Analyzing
5. Analyze de-coupler in multivariable system. 4 Analyzing

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6. Illustrate the block diagram of IMC. 3 Applying
7. Examine the implementation issues of generalized 3 Applying
predictive controller.
8. Summarize the issues in dynamic controller design of 2 Understanding
IMC.
9. How should the model be initialized to predict the future 4 Analyzing
output?
10. Describe the structure of internal model control. 2 Understanding
11. What type of objective function should be used for 1 Remembering
optimization?
12. Give the robustness of a controller. 2 Understanding
13. Show the constraints to be implemented in MPC. 3 Applying

14. Evaluate the usefulness of RGA to avoid poor pairing. 5 Evaluating

15. What is the desired set point trajectory? 1 Remembering

16. Name the equation of predicted error vector. 1 Remembering

17. Define the term resiliency. 1 Remembering

18. Assess the directional sensitivity of a process. 5 Evaluating

19. Give the definition of multivariable DMC. 2 Understanding

20. Construct the block diagram of multivariable PID. 6 Creating

PART B
1. (i) Discuss the drawbacks of SISO (4) 2 Understanding
(ii) Explain the MIMO Transmission zeros. (6)
(iii) Give the transmission zeros calculations.
2. (iv) (6)
(i) Explain with a neat block diagram multivariable 3 Applying
PID controller.(10)
(ii) Examine the advantages, disadvantages and its
applications. (6)
3. Asses the various control strategies in multivariable 5 Evaluating
system.
4. Design an internal model controller for MIMO process 6 Creating

5. (i) How Internal Model Control is developed? (6) 4 Analyzing

(ii) Explain the design procedure of IMC. (10)
6. Explain the minimization of objective function using 4 Analyzing
dynamic matrix controller.
7. (i) Examine the steps involved in implementing 3 Applying
DMC on a process. (6)
(ii) Examine the effect of tuning parameters for
MIMO process. (10)
8. (i) What is MPC? (4) 1 Remembering
(ii) Describe the basic concept of MPC with neat
diagram. (10)
(iii)State the drawbacks of SISO. (2)

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9. Give an detailed account of Model Predictive control 2 Understanding
calculations using unconstrained MPC.
10. Describe model Predictive Control calculations using 1 Remembering
MPC with inequality constrains.
11. (i) Analyze the MIMO models in MPC using 4 Analyzing
superposition principles. (8)
(ii) Explain the set point calculation in MPC. (8)
12. (i) Discuss the selection of design and tuning 2 Understanding
parameters of MPC. (8)
(ii) Discuss any one implementation of MPC. (8)
13. Describe the constraints of Generalized Predictive 1 Remembering
controller and explain it in detail.
14. What are the implementations issues involved in 1 Remembering
Generalized Predictive controller and explain it in detail?

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