Cisco Systems - Wikipedia

4/26/2019 Cisco Systems - Wikipedia
Cisco Systems
Cisco Systems, Inc. is an American multinational technology conglomerate
Cisco Systems, Inc.
headquartered in San Jose, California, in the center of Silicon Valley. Cisco
develops, manufactures and sells networking hardware, telecommunications
equipment and other high-technology services and products.[3] Through its
numerous acquired subsidiaries, such as OpenDNS, WebEx, Jabber and
Jasper, Cisco specializes into specific tech markets, such as Internet of
Things (IoT), domain security and energy management.
Cisco stock was added to the Dow Jones Industrial Average on June 8, 2009,
and is also included in the S&P 500 Index, the Russell 1000 Index,
NASDAQ-100 Index and the Russell 1000 Growth Stock Index.[4]
Cisco Systems was founded in December 1984 by Leonard Bosack and

Sandy Lerner, two Stanford University computer scientists. They pioneered
the concept of a local area network (LAN) being used to connect
geographically disparate computers over a multiprotocol router system. By Building 10 of the Cisco San Jose Main
the time the company went public in 1990, Cisco had a market capitalization Campus
of $224 million. By the end of the dot-com bubble in the year 2000, Cisco Type Public
had a more than $500 billion market capitalization.[5] Traded as NASDAQ: CSCO (https://w
ww.nasdaq.com/symbol/csc
o)
Contents NASDAQ-100 component

DJIA component
History
S&P 100 component
1984–1995: Origins and initial growth
1996–2005: Internet and silicon intelligence S&P 500 component
2006–2012: The Human Network Industry Networking hardware &
Present day software
Finance Founded December 10, 1984 in San
Corporate structure Francisco, California, United
Acquisitions and subsidiaries States
Ownership Founders Leonard Bosack
Products and services Sandy Lerner
VoIP services
Hosted Collaboration Solution (HCS) Headquarters San Jose, California, United
Network Emergency Response States[1]
Certifications Area served Worldwide
Corporate affairs Key people Chuck Robbins (CEO and
Awards and accolades Chairman)
Controversies
Shareholder relations Products List of Cisco products
Intellectual property disputes Revenue US$49.33 billion (2018)[2]
Censorship in China
Operating
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Systems 1/20
Tax fraud investigation income US$12.77 billion (2018)[2]

Antitrust lawsuit
Net income US$110 million (2018)[2]
Remotely monitoring users' connections
Firewall backdoor developed by NSA Total assets US$108.78 billion (2018)[2]
Spherix patent suit
Total equity US$43.20 billion (2018)[2]
Outsourcing and training in Palestinian Territories
Number of 74,200 (2018)[2]
See also
employees
References
Subsidiaries List of acquisitions by Cisco
Further reading Systems
External links cisco.com (http://cisco.com)
Website
History
1984–1995: Origins and initial growth

Cisco Systems was founded in December 1984 by Sandy Lerner, a director of
computer facilities for the Stanford University Graduate School of Business. Lerner
partnered with her husband, Leonard Bosack, who was in charge of the Stanford
University computer science department's computers.[6]
Cisco's initial product has roots in Stanford University's campus technology. In the
early 1980's students and staff at Stanford; including Bosack, used technology on the
campus to link all of the school's computer systems to talk to one another, creating a
box that functioned as a multiprotocol router called the "Blue Box."[7] The Blue Box Cisco's first router, the Advanced
Gateway Server (AGS) router
used software that was originally written at Stanford by research engineer William
(1986)
Yeager.[7]
In 1985, Bosack and Stanford employee Kirk Lougheed began a project to formally
network Stanford's campus.[7] They adapted Yeager's software into what became the foundation for Cisco IOS, despite Yeager's claims
that he had been denied permission to sell the Blue Box commercially. On July 11, 1986, Bosack and Lougheed were forced to resign
from Stanford and the university contemplated filing criminal complaints against Cisco and its founders for the theft of its software,
hardware designs, and other intellectual properties.[7] In 1987, Stanford licensed the router software and two computer boards to
Cisco.[7] In addition to Bosack, Lerner, Lougheed, Greg Satz (a programmer), and Richard Troiano (who handled sales), completed
the early Cisco team.[7] The company's first CEO was Bill Graves, who held the position from 1987 to 1988.[8] In 1988, John
Morgridge was appointed CEO.[9]
The name "Cisco" was derived from the city name San Francisco, which is why the company's engineers insisted on using the lower
case "cisco" in its early years. The logo is intended to depict the two towers of the Golden Gate Bridge.[10]
On February 16, 1990, Cisco Systems went public with a market capitalization of $224 million, and was listed on the NASDAQ stock
exchange. On August 28, 1990, Lerner was fired. Upon hearing the news, her husband Bosack resigned in protest. The couple walked
away from Cisco with $170 million, 70% of which was committed to their own charity.[11]
Although Cisco was not the first company to develop and sell dedicated network nodes,[12] it was one of the first to sell commercially
successful routers supporting multiple network protocols.[13] Classical, CPU-based architecture of early Cisco devices coupled with
flexibility of operating system IOS allowed for keeping up with evolving technology needs by means of frequent software upgrades.
Some popular models of that time (such as Cisco 2500) managed to stay in production for almost a decade virtually unchanged. The
company was quick to capture the emerging service provider environment, entering the SP market with product lines such as Cisco
7000 and Cisco 8500.
Between 1992 and 1994, Cisco acquired several companies in Ethernet switching, such as Kalpana,[14] Grand Junction[15] and most
notably, Mario Mazzola's Crescendo Communications,[16] which together formed the Catalyst business unit. At the time, the company
envisioned layer 3 routing and layer 2 (Ethernet, Token Ring) switching as complementary functions of different intelligence and
architecture—the former was slow and complex, the latter was fast but simple. This philosophy dominated the company's product
lines throughout the 1990s.
In 1995, John Morgridge was succeeded by John Chambers.[17]
1996–2005: Internet and silicon intelligence

The Internet Protocol (IP) became widely adopted in the mid-to-late 1990s. Cisco
introduced products ranging from modem access shelves (AS5200) to core GSR
routers, making them a major player in the market. In late March 2000, at the height of
the dot-com bubble, Cisco became the most valuable company in the world, with a
market capitalization of more than $500 billion.[5][18] As of July 2014, with a market
cap of about US$129 billion,[19] it was still one of the most valuable companies.[20]
The perceived complexity of programming routing functions in silicon led to the

formation of several startups determined to find new ways to process IP and MPLS John T. Chambers led Cisco as its
packets entirely in hardware and blur boundaries between routing and switching. One CEO between 1995 and 2015.
of them, Juniper Networks, shipped their first product in 1999 and by 2000 chipped (Pictured at 2010 World Economic
Forum, in Davos, Switzerland).
away about 30% from Cisco SP Market share. In response, Cisco later developed
homegrown ASICs and fast processing cards for GSR routers and Catalyst 6500
switches. In 2004, Cisco also started migration to new high-end hardware CRS-1 and software architecture IOS-XR.[21]
2006–2012: The Human Network

As part of a rebranding campaign in 2006, Cisco Systems adopted the shortened name
"Cisco" and created "The Human Network" advertising campaign.[23] These efforts
were meant to make Cisco a "household" brand—a strategy designed to support the
low-end Linksys products and future consumer products.
On the more traditional business side, Cisco continued to develop its routing,
switching and security portfolio. The quickly growing importance of Ethernet also
influenced the company's product lines. Limits of IOS and aging Crescendo
Russian President Dmitry Medvedev architecture also forced Cisco to look at merchant silicon in the carrier Ethernet
and California Gov. Arnold
segment. This resulted in a new ASR9000 product family intended to consolidate the
Schwarzenegger at Cisco, 2010.[22]
company's carrier ethernet and subscriber management business around EZChip-based
hardware and IOS-XR.
Throughout the mid-2000s, Cisco also built a significant presence in India, establishing its Globalization Centre East in Bangalore for
$1 billion.[24] Cisco also expanded into new markets by acquisition—one example being a 2009 purchase of mobile specialist Starent
Networks.[25]
Cisco continued to be challenged by both domestic Alcatel-Lucent, Juniper Networks and overseas competitors Huawei. Due to lower-
than-expected profit in 2011, Cisco reduced annual expenses by $1 billion. The company cut around 3,000 employees with an early-
retirement program who accepted buyout and planned to eliminate as many as 10,000 jobs (around 14 percent of the 73,400 total
employees before curtailment).[26][27] During the 2011 analyst call, Cisco's CEO John Chambers called out several competitors by
name,[28] including Juniper and HP.
On July 24, 2012, Cisco received approval from the EU to acquire NDS (a TV software developer) for US$5 billion.[29] In 2013,
Cisco sold its Linksys home-router unit to Belkin International Inc., signaling a shift to sales to businesses rather than consumers.[30]
Present day
On July 23, 2013, Cisco Systems announced a definitive agreement to acquire Sourcefire
for $2.7 billion.[31] On August 14, 2013, Cisco Systems announced it would cut 4,000 jobs
from its workforce, which was roughly 6%, starting in 2014.[32] At the end of 2013, Cisco
announced poor revenue due to depressed sales in emerging markets, caused by economic
uncertainty and by fears of the National Security Agency planting backdoors in its
products.[33]
In April 2014, Cisco announced funding for early-stage firms to focus on the Internet of
Things. The investment fund was allocated to investments in IoT accelerators and startups
such as The Alchemist Accelerator, Ayla Networks and EVRYTHNG.[34] Later that year,
the company announced it was laying off another 6,000 workers or 8% of its global
workforce, as part of a second restructuring.[35] On November 4, 2014, Cisco announced
an investment in Stratoscale.[36]
Former Portuguese President
On May 4, 2015, Cisco announced CEO and Chairman John Chambers would step down
Cavaco Silva, former Cisco CEO
as CEO on July 26, 2015, but remain chairman. Chuck Robbins, senior vice president of John Chambers and Cisco
worldwide sales & operations and 17-year Cisco veteran, was announced as the next Senior Director of Innovation
CEO.[37] On July 23, 2015, Cisco announced the divesture of its television set-top-box and Helder Antunes, during the 2011
cable modem business to Technicolor SA for $600 million, a division originally formed by presidential visit to the US.
Cisco's $6.9 billion purchase of Scientific Atlanta. The deal came as part of Cisco's
gradual exit from the consumer market, and as part of an effort by Cisco's new leadership
to focus on cloud-based products in enterprise segments. Cisco indicated that it would still collaborate with Technicolor on video
products.[38] On November 19, 2015, Cisco, alongside ARM Holdings, Dell, Intel, Microsoft and Princeton University, founded the
OpenFog Consortium, to promote interests and development in fog computing.[39]
In January 2016, Cisco invested in VeloCloud, a software-defined WAN (SD-WAN) start-up with a cloud offering for configuring and
optimizing branch office networks. Cisco contributed to VeloCloud's $27 million Series C round, led by March Capital Partners.[40]
In February 2017, Cisco launched a cloud-based secure internet gateway, called Cisco Umbrella, to provide safe internet access to
users who don't use their corporate networks or VPNs to connect to remote data centers.[41] Immediately after reporting their fourth
quarter earnings for 2017, Cisco's price-per-share value jumped by over 7%, while its Earnings per share Ratio increased from 60 to
61 cents per share, due in part to Cisco's outperformance of analyst expectations.[42] In September 2017, Chambers announced that he
would step down from the executive chairman role at the end of his term on the board in December 2017.[43] On December 11, 2017,
Robbins was elected to succeed Chambers as executive chairman while retaining his role as CEO, and Chambers was given the title of
"Chairman Emeritus."[44][45]
Reuters reported that "Cisco Systems Inc’s (CSCO.O) product revenue in Russia grew 20 percent in 2017, ahead of Cisco’s
technology product revenue growth in the other so-called BRIC countries of Brazil, China and India."[46][47]
On May 1, 2018, Cisco Systems agreed to buy AI-driven business intelligence startup Accompany for $270 million.[48][49] As of June
2018, Cisco Systems ranked 444th on Forbes Global 2000 list, with $221.3 billion market cap.[50]
Finance
For the fiscal year 2017, Cisco reported earnings of US$0.1 billion, with an annual revenue of US$49.3 billion, an increase of 2.8%
over the previous fiscal cycle. Cisco's shares traded at over $43 per share, and its market capitalization was valued at US$213.2 billion
in September 2018. Low Net Income for fiscal year 2018 was attributed to a one time tax charge, that allowed Cisco to bring back
capital from overseas. Cisco used this money it was able to bring back at a lower tax rate to fund share buybacks and acquisitions.
Revenue Net income Total Assets Price per Share

Year Employees
in mil. USD$ in mil. USD$ in mil. USD$ in USD$
2000[51] 18,928 2,668 32,870 48.87
2001[51] 22,293 −1,014 35,238 16.69
2002[51] 18,915 1,893 37,795 11.80
2003[52] 18,878 3,578 37,107 14.38
2004[52] 22,045 4,401 35,594 17.44
2005[52] 24,801 5,741 33,883 14.67
2006[53] 28,484 5,580 43,315 17.45 49,930
2007[54] 34,922 7,333 53,340 23.07 61,560
2008[55] 39,540 8,052 58,734 18.15 66,130
2009[56] 36,117 6,134 68,128 16.14 65,550
2010[57] 40,040 7,767 81,130 18.74 70,700
2011[58] 43,218 6,490 87,095 14.10 71,830
2012[59] 46,061 8,041 91,759 15.34 66,640
2013[60] 48,607 9,983 101,191 19.20 75,049
2014[61] 47,142 7,853 105,070 21.22 74,042
2015[62] 49,161 8,981 113,373 25.09 71,833
2016[63] 49,247 10,739 121,652 26.83 73,700
2017[64] 48,005 9,609 129,818 31.97 72,900
2018[65] 49,330 110 108,784 43.65 74,200
Corporate structure
Acquisitions and subsidiaries
Cisco acquired a variety of companies to spin products and talent into the company. In
1995–1996 the company completed 11 acquisitions.[66] Several acquisitions, such as
Stratacom, were the biggest deals in the industry when they occurred.[67] During the
Internet boom in 1999, the company acquired Cerent Corporation, a start-up company CloudLock, a Cisco cloud
computing security subsidiary.
located in Petaluma, California, for about US$7 billion.[68] It was the most expensive
acquisition made by Cisco to that date, and only the acquisition of Scientific Atlanta has
been larger.[69] In 1999 Cisco also acquired stake for $1 Billion in KPMG Consulting to
enable establishing Internet firm Metrius founded by Keyur Patel of Fuse.[70] Several acquired companies have grown into $1Bn+
business units for Cisco, including LAN switching, Enterprise Voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP) platform Webex and home
networking. The latter came as result of Cisco acquiring Linksys in 2003 and in 2010 was supplemented with new product line dubbed
Cisco Valet.
Cisco announced on January 12, 2005, that it would acquire Airespace for US$450 million to reinforce the wireless controller product
lines.[71]
Cisco announced on January 4, 2007, that it would buy IronPort in a deal valued at US$830 million[72][73]and completed the
acquisition on June 25, 2007.[74] IronPort was best known for its IronPort AntiSpam, its SenderBase email reputation service and its
email security appliances. Accordingly, IronPort was integrated into the Cisco Security business unit.[75]Ironport's Senderbase was
renamed as Sensorbase to take account of the input into this database that other Cisco devices provide. SensorBase allows these
devices to build a risk profile on IP addresses, therefore allowing risk profiles to be dynamically created on http sites and SMTP email
sources.[76]
Cisco announced on March 15, 2012, that it would acquire NDS Group for $5bn.[77][78] The transaction was completed on July 30,
2012.[79]
In more recent merger deals, Cisco bought Starent Networks (a mobile packet core company) and Moto Development Group, a
product design consulting firm that helped develop Cisco's Flip video camera.[80][81] Also in 2010, Cisco became a key stakeholder in
e-Skills Week. In March 2011, Cisco completed the acquisition of privately held network configuration and change management
software company Pari Networks.[82]
Although many buy-ins (such as Crescendo Networks in 1993, Tandberg in 2010) resulted in acquisition of flagship technology to
Cisco, many others have failed—partially or completely.[83] For instance, in 2010 Cisco occupied a meaningful share of the packet-
optical market,[84] revenues were still not on par with US$7 billion price tag paid in 1999 for Cerent. Some of acquired technologies
(such as Flip from Pure Digital) saw their product lines terminated.[85][86]
January 2013, Cisco Systems acquired Israeli software maker Intucell for around $475 million in cash, a move to expand its mobile
network management offerings.[87][88] In the same month, Cisco Systems acquired Cognitive Security, a company focused on Cyber
Threat Protection. Cisco also acquired SolveDirect (cloud services) in March 2013[89] and Ubiquisys (mobile software) in April 2013.
Cisco acquired cyber-security firm Sourcefire, in October 2013.[90] On June 16, 2014, Cisco announced that it has completed the
acquisition of ThreatGRID, a company that provided dynamic malware analysis and threat intelligence technology.[91]
June 17, 2014, Cisco announced its intent to acquire privately held Tail-f Systems, a leader in multi-vendor network service
orchestration solutions for traditional and virtualized networks.[92]
April 2, 2015, Cisco announced plans to buy Embrane, a software-defined networking startup. The deal will give Cisco Embrane's
software platform, which provides layer 3–7 network services for things such as firewalls, VPN termination, server load balancers and
SSL offload.[93]
May 7, 2015 Cisco

announced plans to buy
Tropo, a cloud API platform
that simplifies the addition
of real-time
communications and
collaboration capabilities
within applications.[94]
Cisco campuses in (top to bottom) Bangalore, India, Munich, Germany and Oslo, Norway.
June 30, 2015, Cisco acquired privately held OpenDNS, the company best known for its DNS service that adds a level of security by
monitoring domain name requests.[95]
August 6, 2015, Cisco announced that it has completed the acquisition of privately held MaintenanceNet, the US-based company best
known for its cloud-based contract management platform ServiceExchange.[96] On the same month, Cisco acquired Pawaa, a privately
held company in Bangalore, India that provides secure on-premises and cloud-based file-sharing software.[97]
September 30, 2015, Cisco announced its intent to acquire privately held Portcullis Computer Security, a UK-based company that
provides cybersecurity services to enterprise clients and the government sectors.[98]
October 26, 2015, Cisco announced its intent to acquire ParStream, a privately held company based in Cologne, Germany, that
provides an analytics database that allows companies to analyze large amounts of data and store it in near real time anywhere in the
network.[99]
October 27, 2015, Cisco announced that it would acquire Lancope, a company that focuses on detecting threat activity, for $452.5
million in a cash-and-equity deal.[100]
June 28, 2016, Cisco announced its intent to acquire CloudLock, a privately held cloud security company founded in 2011 by three
Israeli military veterans,[101] for $293 million.[102] The deal was expected to close in the first quarter of 2017.
In August 2016, Cisco announced it is getting closer to making a deal to acquire Springpath, the startup whose technology is used in
Cisco's HyperFlex Systems. Cisco already owns an undisclosed stake in the hyper-converged provider.[103]
January 2017, Cisco announced they would acquire AppDynamics, a company that monitors application performance, for $3.7 billion.
The acquisition came just one day before AppDynamics was set to IPO.[104]
January 26, 2017, Cisco founded the Innovation Alliance in Germany with eleven other companies bringing together 40 sites and
2,000 staff to provide small businesses in Germany with expertise.[105]
August 1, 2017 Cisco completed the acquisition of Viptela Inc. for $610 million in cash and assumed equity awards[106]. Viptela is a
privately held software-defined wide area network (SD-WAN) company based in San Jose, Ca.
October 23, 2017 Cisco Systems announced it would be acquiring Broadsoft for $1.9 Billion to further entrench itself in the cloud
communication and collaboration area.[107]
Ownership
As of 2017 Cisco Systems shares are mainly held by institutional investors (Vanguard group, BlackRock, State Street Corporation and
others[108])
Products and services

Cisco's products and services focus
upon three market segments—
enterprise, service provider, midsize
and small business.
Cisco provides IT products and

services across five major technology
areas: Networking (including
Ethernet, optical, wireless and
mobility), Security, Collaboration
(including voice, video and data),
Data Center, and the Internet of
Things. [109]
Cisco has grown increasingly popular

in the Asia-Pacific region over the last Cisco SG300-28 Rackmount switch (top) and Cisco EPC-3010 modem (bottom).
three decades and is the dominant
vendor in the Australian market with
leadership across all market segments. It uses its Australian office as one of the main headquarters for the Asia-Pacific region, offering
a diverse product portfolio for long-term[110] stability, and integration is a sustainable competitive advantage.
VoIP services
Cisco became a major provider of Voice over IP to enterprises and is now moving into the home user market through its acquisitions
of Scientific Atlanta and Linksys. Scientific Atlanta provides VoIP equipment to cable service providers such as Time Warner,
Cablevision, Rogers Communications, UPC and others; Linksys has partnered with companies such as Skype, Microsoft and Yahoo!
to integrate consumer VoIP services with wireless and cordless phones.
Hosted Collaboration Solution (HCS)

Cisco partners can offer cloud-based services based on Cisco's virtualized Unified Computing System (UCS). A part of the Cisco
Unified Services Delivery Solution that includes hosted versions of Cisco Unified Communications Manager (UCM), Cisco Unified
Contact Center, Cisco Unified Mobility, Cisco Unified Presence, Cisco Unity Connection (unified messaging) and Cisco Webex
Meeting Center.[111]
Network Emergency Response

As part of its Tactical Operations initiative, Cisco maintains several Network Emergency
Response Vehicles (NERV)s.[112] The vehicles are maintained and deployed by Cisco
employees during natural disasters and other public crises. The vehicles are self-contained
and provide wired and wireless services including voice and radio interoperability, voice
over IP, network-based video surveillance and secured high-definition video-conferencing
for leaders and first responders in crisis areas with up to 3 Mbit/s of bandwidth (up and
down) via a 1.8-meter satellite antenna.[113]
A Cisco 8851 IP Phone
NERVs are based at Cisco headquarters sites in San Jose, California and at Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina, allowing strategic deployment in North America. They can
become fully operational within 15 minutes of arrival. High-capacity diesel fuel-tanks allow the largest vehicles to run for up to 72
hours continuously.[114] The NERV has been deployed to incidents such as the October 2007 California wildfires; hurricanes Gustav,
Ike and Katrina; the 2010 San Bruno gas pipeline explosion, tornado outbreaks in North Carolina and Alabama in 2011; and Hurricane
Sandy in 2012.[115][116]
The Tactical Operations team maintains and deploys smaller, more portable communication kits to emergencies outside of North
America. In 2010, the team deployed to assist in earthquake recovery in Haiti and in Christchurch (New Zealand). In 2011, they
deployed to flooding in Brazil, as well as in response to the 2011 earthquake and tsunami in Japan.[112][117]
In 2011, Cisco received the Innovation Preparedness award from the American Red Cross Silicon Valley Chapter for its development
and use of these vehicles in disasters.[118]
Certifications
Cisco Systems also sponsors a line of IT professional certifications for Cisco products.[119]
There are four or five(path to network designers) levels of certification: Entry (CCENT),
Associate (CCNA/CCDA), Professional (CCNP/CCDP), Expert (CCIE/CCDE) and
recently Architect(CCAr: CCDE previous),[120] as well as nine different paths, Routing &
Switching, Design, Industrial Network, Network Security, Service Provider, Service
Provider Operations, Storage Networking, Voice, Datacenter and Wireless.
A number of specialist technician, sales and datacenter certifications are also available.
Cisco headquarters in the North
Cisco also provides training for these certifications via a portal called the Cisco
San Jose Innovation District,
San Jose, California in Silicon Networking Academy. Qualifying schools can become members of the Cisco Networking
Valley. Academy and then provide CCNA level or other level courses. Cisco Academy Instructors
must be CCNA certified to be a CCAI certified instructor.
Cisco often finds itself involved with technical education. With over 10,000 partnerships in over 65 countries[121] Cisco Academy
program operates in many exotic locations. For example, in March 2013, Cisco announced its interest in Myanmar by investing in two
Cisco Networking Academies in Yangon and Mandalay and a channel partner network.[122]
Corporate affairs
Awards and accolades
Cisco products, including IP phones and Telepresence, have been seen in movies and
TV series.[123] The company was featured in the documentary film Something
Ventured which premiered in 2011.[124]
Cisco was a 2002–03 recipient of the Ron Brown Award,[125][126] a U.S. presidential
honor to recognize companies "for the exemplary quality of their relationships with
employees and communities". Cisco has been included as part of Fortune's "100 Best
Companies to Work For", ranking No. 20 in 2011.[127]
In 2010, Secretary of State Hillary
According to a report by technology consulting firm LexInnova, Cisco was one of the Clinton awarded Cisco the
leading recipients of network security-related patents with the largest portfolio within Secretary of State's Award for
other companies (6,442 security-related patents) in 2015.[128] Corporate Excellence, which was
presented in Jerusalem by
Ambassador James B. Cunningham
Controversies to Cisco Senior Manager Zika
Abzuk.
Shareholder relations
A class action lawsuit filed on April 20, 2001, accused Cisco of making misleading
statements that "were relied on by purchasers of Cisco stock" and of insider
trading.[129] While Cisco denied all allegations in the suit, on August 18, 2006, Cisco's
liability insurers, its directors and officers paid the plaintiffs US$91.75 million to settle
the suit.[130]
Intellectual property disputes

Cisco Live 2007 in Anaheim,
On December 11, 2008, the Free Software Foundation filed suit against Cisco California. Cisco Live is the
regarding Cisco's failure to comply with the GPL and LGPL license models and make company's annual exposition and
the applicable source code publicly available.[131] On May 20, 2009, Cisco settled this conference.
lawsuit by complying with FSF licensing terms and making a monetary contribution to
the FSF.[132]
Censorship in China
Cisco has been criticized for its involvement in censorship in the People's Republic of China.[133] According to author Ethan
Gutmann, Cisco and other telecommunications equipment providers supplied the Chinese government with surveillance and Internet
infrastructure equipment that is used to block Internet websites and track online activities in China.[134] Cisco has stated that it does
not customize or develop specialized or unique filtering capabilities to enable governments to block access to information and that it
sells the same equipment in China as it sells worldwide.[135]
Wired News had uncovered a leaked, confidential Cisco PowerPoint presentation that detailed the commercial opportunities of the
Golden Shield Project of Internet control.[136] In May 2011, a group of Falun Gong practitioners filed a lawsuit under the Alien Tort
Statute alleging that Cisco knowingly developed and customized its product to assist the Chinese government in prosecution and abuse
of Falun Gong practitioners.[137] The lawsuit was dismissed in September 2014[138] by the United States District Court for the
Northern District of California, which decision was appealed to United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit[139] in September
2015.
Tax fraud investigation
In October 2007, employees of Cisco's Brazilian unit were arrested on charges that they had imported equipment without paying
import duties. In response, Cisco stated that they do not import directly into Brazil, and instead use middlemen.[140][141]
Antitrust lawsuit
On December 1, 2008, Multiven filed an antitrust lawsuit[148] against Cisco Systems, Inc. Multiven's complaint alleges that Cisco
harmed Multiven and consumers by bundling and tying bug fixes/patches and updates for its operating system software to its
maintenance services (SMARTnet). In May 2010, Cisco accused the person who filed the antitrust suit, British-Nigerian technology
entrepreneur Peter Alfred-Adekeye, with hacking and pressured the US government to extradite him from Canada. Cisco settled the
antitrust lawsuit two months after Alfred-Adekeye's arrest by making its software updates available to all Multiven
customers.[149][150][151]
Remotely monitoring users' connections

Cisco's Linksys E2700, E3500, E4500 devices have been reported to be remotely updated to a firmware version that forces users to
register for a cloud service, allows Cisco to monitor their network use and ultimately shut down the cloud service account and thus
render the affected router unusable.[152][153]
Firewall backdoor developed by NSA

According to the German magazine Der Spiegel the NSA has developed JETPLOW for gaining access to ASA (series 5505, 5510,
5520, 5540 and 5550) and 500-series PIX Firewalls.[154]
Cisco's Chief Security Officer addressed the allegations publicly and denied working with any government to weaken Cisco products
for exploitation or to implement security back doors.[155]
A document included in the trove of National Security Agency files released with Glenn Greenwald's book No Place to Hide details
how the agency's Tailored Access Operations (TAO) unit and other NSA employees intercept servers, routers and other network gear
being shipped to organizations targeted for surveillance and install covert firmware onto them before they’re delivered. These Trojan
horse systems were described by an NSA manager as being “some of the most productive operations in TAO because they pre-position
access points into hard target networks around the world.”[156]
Cisco denied the allegations in a customer document[157] saying that no information was included about specific Cisco products,
supply chain intervention or implant techniques, or new security vulnerabilities. Cisco's general counsel also said that Cisco does not
work with any government, including the United States Government, to weaken its products.[158] The allegations are reported to have
prompted the company's CEO to express concern to the President of the United States.[159]
Spherix patent suit

In March 2014 Cisco Systems was sued for patent infringement. Spherix says that over $43 billion of Cisco's sales infringe on old
Nortel patents owned by Spherix. Officials with Spherix are saying that a wide range of Cisco products, from switches to routers,
infringe on 11 former Nortel patents that the company now owns.[160]
Outsourcing and training in Palestinian Territories

In January 2008, Cisco announced an investment of $10 million over three years towards job creation and technology sector
development in the Palestinian Territories. According to Cisco, this project was in cooperation with Palestinian Authority President
Mahmoud Abbas.[161] Ramallah-based Exalt Technologies handles the software development that Cisco outsources to the Palestinian
Territories.[162]
See also
Cisco Certifications Cisco Discovery Protocol
Cisco IOS Cisco Security Agent
Cisco Catalyst Cisco Systems VPN Client
Cisco DevNet Cisco Field
Cisco Express Forwarding
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man/internet/). Pbs.org. Retrieved November 13, 2008.
134. Ethan Gutmann (May/June 2010) "Hacker Nation: China's Cyber Assault" (http://www.worldaffairsjournal.org/article/h
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135. Earnhardt, John (February 15, 2006). "Cisco Testimony Before House International Relations Subcommittee" (https://
web.archive.org/web/20061206095153/http://blogs.cisco.com/gov/2006/02/cisco_testimony_before_house_i.html).
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136. Stirland, Sarah (May 20, 2008). "Cisco Leak: 'Great Firewall' of China Was a Chance to Sell More Routers" (https://w
ww.wired.com/threatlevel/2008/05/leaked-cisco-do/). Wired. Retrieved June 27, 2009.
137. "Doe I et al v. Cisco Systems, Inc. et al" (https://dockets.justia.com/docket/california/candce/5:2011cv02449/240845).
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insite.org/dockets/2ows95zql/court-of-appeals-for-the-ninth-circuit/doe-i-et-al-v-cisco-systems-inc-et-al/).
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p/2007/10/17/business/LA-FIN-Brazil-Cisco.php). International Herald Tribune (Press release). October 17, 2007.
Retrieved October 17, 2007.
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nity/node/35852). NetworkWorld. December 1, 2008. Retrieved December 2, 2008.
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-sector-detente-is-drawing-israelis-palestinians-closer/#5493739b3614). Forbes. Retrieved July 25, 2018.
Further reading
Bunnell, D. & Brate, A. (2001). Die Cisco Story (in German). Moderne Industrie. ISBN 3-478-35995-3.
Bunnell, D. (2000). Making the Cisco Connection: The Story Behind the Real Internet Superpower. Wiley. ISBN 0-
471-35711-1.
Paulson, E. (2001). Inside Cisco: The Real Story of Sustained M&A Growth. Wiley. ISBN 0-471-41425-5.
Slater, R. (2003). The Eye of the Storm: How John Chambers Steered Cisco Through the Technology Collapse.
HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-018887-1.
Stauffer, D. (2001). Nothing but Net Business the Cisco Way. Wiley. ISBN 1-84112-087-1.
Waters, J. K. (2002). John Chambers and the Cisco Way: Navigating Through Volatility. Wiley. ISBN 0-471-00833-8.
Young, J. S. (2001). Cisco Unauthorized: Inside the High-Stakes Race to Own the Future. Prima Lifestyles. ISBN 0-
7615-2775-3.
External links
Official website (http://www.cisco.com)
Business data for Cisco Systems, Inc.: Google Finance (https://www.google.com/finance?q=CSCO) · Yahoo! Finance
(https://finance.yahoo.com/q?s=CSCO) · Reuters (https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/overview?symbol=CSCO) ·
SEC filings (https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=858877)
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4/26/2019 Cisco Systems - Wikipedia

Cisco Systems was founded in December 1984 by Leonard Bosack and

Contents NASDAQ-100 component

Tax fraud investigation income US$12.77 billion (2018)[2]

1984–1995: Origins and initial growth

In 1995, John Morgridge was succeeded by John Chambers.[17]

1996–2005: Internet and silicon intelligence

The perceived complexity of programming routing functions in silicon led to the

2006–2012: The Human Network

Revenue Net income Total Assets Price per Share

2000[51] 18,928 2,668 32,870 48.87

2001[51] 22,293 −1,014 35,238 16.69

2002[51] 18,915 1,893 37,795 11.80

2003[52] 18,878 3,578 37,107 14.38

2004[52] 22,045 4,401 35,594 17.44

2005[52] 24,801 5,741 33,883 14.67

2006[53] 28,484 5,580 43,315 17.45 49,930

2007[54] 34,922 7,333 53,340 23.07 61,560

2008[55] 39,540 8,052 58,734 18.15 66,130

2009[56] 36,117 6,134 68,128 16.14 65,550

2010[57] 40,040 7,767 81,130 18.74 70,700

2011[58] 43,218 6,490 87,095 14.10 71,830

2012[59] 46,061 8,041 91,759 15.34 66,640

2013[60] 48,607 9,983 101,191 19.20 75,049

2014[61] 47,142 7,853 105,070 21.22 74,042

2015[62] 49,161 8,981 113,373 25.09 71,833

2016[63] 49,247 10,739 121,652 26.83 73,700

2017[64] 48,005 9,609 129,818 31.97 72,900

2018[65] 49,330 110 108,784 43.65 74,200

Acquisitions and subsidiaries

May 7, 2015 Cisco

Products and services

Cisco provides IT products and

Cisco has grown increasingly popular

Hosted Collaboration Solution (HCS)

Network Emergency Response

Awards and accolades

Intellectual property disputes

Tax fraud investigation

Remotely monitoring users' connections

Firewall backdoor developed by NSA

Spherix patent suit

Outsourcing and training in Palestinian Territories

18. "Cisco replaces Microsoft as world's most valuable company" (http://www.expressindia.com/ie/daily/20000326/ibu260

60. "2013 Annual Report" (http://www.annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReportArchive/c/NASDAQ_CSCO_2013.pd

108. "Cisco Systems, Inc. Ownership Summary" (http://www.nasdaq.com/symbol/csco/ownership-summary). Nasdaq.com.

Dow Jones Industrial Average

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cisco_Systems&oldid=893952652"

This page was last edited on 24 April 2019, at 16:52 (UTC).

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