Professional Documents
Culture Documents
___________________________________
___________________________________
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree of
Bachelor in Elementary Education
(General Education)
___________________________________
By:
Alpatanih S. Anggot
Christopher Contreras
Nilvin V. Espino
Nurann A. Legardo
1
Western Mindanao State University
College of Teacher Education
Zamboanga City
APPROVAL SHEET
2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
shares her knowledge and sorts of advice and suggestion for the
office.
parents.
Above all, our Creator, the Almighty God, Allah, the researchers’
3
Dedicated To
4
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
Title Page...................................................................... i
Approval Sheet………………………………………………………. ii
Acknowledgment ……………………………………………………. iii
Dedication…………………………………………………………….. iv
Abstract……………………………………………………………..... v
Table of Contents ........................................................... vi
List of Tables.................................................................. vii
List of Figure.................................................................. viii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
5
3.2 Locale of the Study ………………………………… 30
3.3 Respondents of the Study ……………………….. 31
3.4 Data Collection Procedure ………………………… 34
3.5 Research Instruments …………………………….. 34
3.6 Hypothesis ……………………………. …………… 36
3.7 Data Analysis ………………………………………… 37
BIBLIOGRAPHY …………………………………………………. 60
APPENDICES
6
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
to Gender…………………………………………………………… 32
to Gender…………………………………………………………… 33
in English by Level……………………………………………… 35
in Filipino by Level……………………………………………… 35
VI Pupils in English……………………………………………. 39
VI Pupils in Filipino……………………………………………. 41
7
2.5 T-Test Results in the Reading Comprehension of the
8
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
1. Conceptual Paradigm………………………………………… 28
9
LIST OF APPENDICES
Page
in English
in Filipino
E- Letter Of Approval
10
ABSTRACT
The study revealed that (1) in both English and Filipino reading
Filipino in literal, inferential and evaluative level. (4) Gender does not
11
the result in the inferential level has shown to be meaningful. (5)
English in all levels when they are grouped by section. (7) There is a
12
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
embodied in Article XIV, section 6 and 7. The said law was further
Constitution.
Now, from the use of this Bilingual System there has been traced
him, that “While bilingual system had very admirable objectives, it also
13
grasping the concepts being introduced by the teachers in school”.
different ethnic groups found in this area which native dialects are not
alarming for the past few years. As it was reported by FLEMMS (2008)
it was said that the number of Filipinos, aged 10-64 years old, who do
not understand what they read, has grown to 20.1 million. In the
14
1.2 Objectives of the Study
1. literal level;
3. evaluative level.
1. literal level;
3. evaluative level.
15
1.3 Statement of the Problem
16
1.4 Significance of the Study
also serve as a good source of feedback and will serve as the bases for
To the Pupils: This study will help the Grade VI pupils in diagnosing
the way they think of their own ability as well as their levels and
17
To the Parents: As the ones that work hand in hand with
study could also help parents by giving them feedback about what’s
reading program.
population of the Grade VI pupils was made subjects of the study. The
pupils in English was limited to that in Filipino. This study was also
and section.
18
CHAPTER II
FRAMEWORK
the study. The variables and terms are also defined in this chapter.
A. On Bilingual Education
Since this study involves the two languages which are being
This means that many, if not most, school programs are bilingual, in at
19
Alic (2006) defined both bilingualism and bilingual education
of curriculum content.
Bilingual instruction for pupils who lack the necessary skills for
20
cognitive development. In a school where cultural background of all
support was given by Bialystok (2002) which has shown that children’s
21
In our country’s situation concerning bilingual education,
the other”.
national identity but needs to seek to render it more functional for the
hope to equip the Filipino bilingual such that he/she will be better
22
to keep up with the rapidity of technological change. The role of
B. On Reading Comprehension
cognitive skill and such importance has resulted into extensive studies
suggests that “a Filipino child needs to develop higher order skills and
compared to a child whose reading skills are poor and more often than
not, those with poor reading skills when assessed properly are
23
he emphasized the importance of reading comprehension and the
reading process itself and how it contributes to the total success of the
would mean that when one is reading, one is thinking about the
meaning conveyed and at the same time integrates his own knowledge
24
De Beni, 2006, p. 291). As a component of reading, reading
al., 2006).
Van den Broek (1994) highlights two of these factors as he says that
has read, the reader would have to refer to his prior knowledge.
Oakhill, 1991).
are made to account for how the process and components of reading
25
are results of meaningful assessment of one’s reading skills or
School” says that reading is the mother of all study skills. It is one of
safely said that reading is the true backbone of most learning. After
all, everything starts with the written word — whether it’s math,
26
science or even home economics. As students go up the educational
dense and challenging. The difficulty level simply increases — not the
compromised.”
skills.
considered the real core for the reading process; and a big process
peak of the reading skills and the basis for all reading processes. It is
27
viewed by some researchers as the ultimate objective of the reading
later elementary grades (Sweet & Snow, 2003) because it provides the
what is read. Students who cannot understand what they read are not
workforce.
situations.
meaning from text, and this depends upon both decoding and
comprehension.
subjects.
28
Arafat, (1996) says that language affects comprehension.
ideas.
29
Literal Comprehension. Literal comprehension focuses on
selection.
story.
30
c. Recognition of a Sequence. The pupils are required
in the selection.
person he is.
31
b. Recall of Main Ideas. The pupil is required to state a
in the selection.
selection.
they are.
32
2.0 Inferential Level
33
purposes of reading and teacher’s questions which demands
34
and their interaction with the time and place. He may
of the selection
35
Evaluative questions require the reader to formulate a
text.
following judgments:
36
subject as well as to analyze and evaluate the intent of
the author.
the question.
37
2.3 Conceptual Framework
abilities.
(1995), Rosaldo (1994), Aboc (1993) and Tendero, (2000) the results
38
CONCEPTUAL PARADIGM
Independent Variables
Reading
Comprehension
in Dependent Variables
English
Reading
Comprehension
Abilities
Reading
Comprehension
in
Filipino
Moderator Variables
Gender
Section
39
2.4 Definition of Terms
language is bilingual.
male or female.
40
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
university. The said laboratory school was selected to be the site of the
taught in that school during their practice teaching and so they already
41
3.3 Respondents of the Study
Grade VI pupils who are being taught both in English and Filipino
six (36) pupils which comprises the remaining 42.35 percent of the
Table 1.1
Section Sample
N %
Section 1 49 57.65
Section 2 36 42.35
total 85 100
42
Based on table 1.2, the respondents are being classified
to only 32.94 percent of total population and fifty seven (57) are
Table 1.2
Gender Sample
N %
Male 28 32.94
Female 57 67.06
Total 85 100
69.4 percent.
Table 1.3
Distribution of Samples in Section 1 According to Gender
Gender Sample
N %
Male 15 30.6
Female 34 69.4
Total 49 100
43
Table 1.4 presents the distribution of respondents in section 2
Table 1.4
Gender Sample
N %
Male 13 36.1
Female 23 63.9
Total 36 100
The teacher of the pupils in English subject has been teaching for
more than 10 years already in the said school and has been in the
The teacher in Filipino subject has also been teaching the Filipino
subject in the said school for more than 10 years but has already been
five (85) were selected comprising the forty (50) percent of the total
population.
44
3.4 Data Collection Procedure
conduct the study was sought from the Grade VI teachers through the
were asked to answer each item on the test. The data that were
interpreted.
standardized tests used were taken from the National Assessment Test
(NAT), 2011 booklet in English and Filipino subjects. The test in each
45
Table 1.5
Level Items
are 7 items in literal level, 9 items for the inferential level, and 4 for
Table 1.6
46
Table 1.6 presents the distributions of the test items in Filipino
reading comprehension by level. The table shows that there are only 4
items in literal level, 10 items for the inferential level, and 6 for the
evaluative level.
Table 1.7
61-80 Good
41-60 Average
21-40 Poor
3.6 Hypothesis
posited that:
47
3.7 Data Analysis
presented in tables.
Statistical Treatment
data.
question.
section.
48
CHAPTER IV
statistical tools.
eighty five selected grade six pupils who served as the respondents of
according to section.
following:
49
TABLE 2.1
RESULTS OF READING COMPREHENSION TEST OF GRADE VI
PUPILS IN ENGLISH
of the respondents in English. The table shows that in literal level most
of the pupils got very good with the frequency of 38 comprising the
50
This implies that the pupils were able to answer the questions in
literal comprehension level very well since it is the simplest of all levels
which only requires pupils to recognize and recall facts which are
51
TABLE 2.2
RESULTS OF READING COMPREHENSION TEST OF GRADE VI
PUPILS IN FILIPINO
Good
52
This means that most of the pupils were able to answer the questions
them belong to bracket 61-80 which has the adjectival rating of good;
pupils got average; only 7 pupils did poor; and the remaining 11 pupils
53
TABLE 2.3
MEAN PERCENTAGE SCORES OF THE READING
COMPREHENSION OF GRADE VI PUPILS IN ENGLISH
Level Mean Percentage Adjectival
Score Ratings
Comprehension
Abilities 63.95 Good
54
TABLE 2.4
MEAN PERCENTAGE SCORES OF THE READING
COMPREHENSION OF GRADE VI PUPILS IN FILIPINO
Level Mean Percentage Adjectival Ratings
Score
Comprehension
Abilities 62.05 Good
the corresponding adjectival ratings. The table shows that the overall
(Average).
55
TABLE 2.5
T-TEST RESULTS IN THE READING COMPREHENSION OF
THE PUPILS IN ENGLISH AND FILIPINO
all the levels; literal, inferential and evaluative. This is because the
evaluative are all higher than the set alpha 0.05. This means that the
56
TABLE 2.6
T-TEST RESULTS IN THE ENGLISH READING COMPREHENSION
OF THE PUPILS BY GENDER
Level Gender Mean Standard Mean Sig.
Deviation Difference
respondents in all the three levels were closely the same because of
1.26 respectively are lower than 10. The table also that in literal and
57
grouped according to gender in literal and evaluative level with the
significant values of 0.45 and 0.65 respectively which are both higher
This means that this result should not be ignored, thus it needs
58
TABLE 2.7
T-TEST RESULTS IN THE FILIPINO READING COMPREHENSION
OF THE PUPILS BY GENDER
Level Gender Mean Standard Mean Sig.
Deviation Difference
respondents in all the three levels were closely the same because of
and 1.45 respectively are lower than 10. The table also shows that in
literal level, -10.49 for inferential level and -0.46 for evaluative level.
59
the significant values of 0.60 and 0.93 respectively are higher than the
evaluative levels.
60
TABLE 2.8
T-TEST RESULTS IN THE ENGLISH READING COMPREHENSION
OF THE PUPILS BY SECTION
regular and corporate sections in all the three levels were closely the
same because the registered standard deviations are all lower than 10.
-2.83 in inferential level and -2.4 in evaluative level. This means that
61
comprehension of the respondents in English in all levels of reading
inferential level and 0.72 in the evaluative level are all higher than the
the same.
TABLE 2.9
T-TEST RESULTS IN THE FILIPINO READING COMPREHENSION
OF THE PUPILS BY SECTION
Level Section Mean Standard Mean Sig.
Deviation Difference
62
As shown in table 2.9, the scores of the respondents from the
regular and corporate sections in all the three levels were closely the
same because the registered standard deviations are all lower than 10.
the mean scores of regular and corporate sections which means that
corporate section.
literal and inferential levels when data are grouped according to their
inferential level are higher than the set alpha level of 0.05.
63
CHAPTER V
RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 SUMMARY
The respondents were taken from the two sections of the said
the fifty (50) percent of the total population of Grade VI. They
constitute the subject of the study. The data consisted of the scores of
students.
The data were analyzed and tabulated using the weighted mean
and t-test.
64
The analysis and interpretation of data gathered revealed the
following:
English.
57.65.
score of 62.12.
57.45.
65
5. The general performance revealed that the Grade VI pupils did
and 0.65 respectively are higher than the set alpha level of 0.05.
the revealed that the result meaningful because even though the
0.93 in evaluative level is higher than the set alpha 0.05 level of
66
significance. However, the study revealed that there is a
values of 0.43, 0.55, and 0.72 respectively are higher than the
section had performed better than the pupils from the corporate
section.
67
11. Lastly, the study revealed there is no significant difference
5.2 CONCLUSIONS
formulated:
levels.
evaluative levels.
68
5. There is no significant difference in the mean score of the pupils’
studies.
69
5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS
activities.
their performances.
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
71
Cohen, A. (1975). A Sociolinguistic Approach to Bilingual Education.
Rowley, Mass.: Newbury House.
http://www.ascd.org/publications/curriculum_handbook/413/cha
pters/Bilingual_Education@_Effective_Programming_for_Langua
ge-Minority_Students.aspx
Fitzgerald, J.,& Fitzgerald, P. (1965). Teaching reading and the
language arts. USA:Bruce Publishing Company.
72
LearningRx, 2012. “Adding Meaning to Reading”
http://www.learningrx.com/reading-comprehension-skills.htm
Oakhill, J., Cain, K.,& Bryant, P.E. (2003). The dissociation of word
reading and text comprehension: Evidence from component
skills. Language and Cognitive Processes, 18,443-468.
The Inquirer, October 2, 2010. “20m Filipinos Can Read but Cannot
Understand”, Functional Literacy, Education and Mass Media
Survey (FLEMMS).2008
http://mlephil.wordpress.com/2010/10/02/20m-filipinos-can-
read-but-cannot-understand/
73
The Philippine Star, Friday, March 18, 2011. “How do Filipino students
rate in reading?” http://www.philstar.com/health-and-
family/553720/how-do-filipino-students-rate-reading
74
APPENDIX A
Direction: Read the selections carefully then answer the questions that
follow.
A. Item 1-5
75
d. live closely together
4. Which of the following details comes last in the selection?
a. Gorillas live in groups.
b. Some male gorillas live alone.
c. The group is led by a leader.
d. Silver-gray hairs appear on the back of an adult gorilla.
B. Item 6-10
Out from the market, a dog was running fast. In his mouth
was a bone. On his way home, however, he had to walk a small
wooden bridge across a brook. But as he was crossing, he saw his
own shadow in the water below. He thought, “I must have that
bone too.” He barked at his own shadow. And the bone in his
mouth fell into the water- gone forever.
76
9. What is the main idea of the selection?
a. Grab every opportunity there is.
b. To aspire for something is not bad.
c. Never desire more than what you need.
d. Think of your own welfare most of the time.
10. Where did the dog see what he thought was another
bone?
a. in the water
b. in the forest
c. in the bridge
d. in the market
C. Item 11-15
77
13. In what mood is the article written?
a. Informative
b. Speculative
c. Imaginative
d. Demonstrative
D. Item 16-20
78
16. The main idea of the selection is that blood ____.
a. maintains the temperature of the human body
b. does important functions in the human body
c. transports oxygen to the cells of the body
d. carries nutrients to all parts of the body
e.
17. Blood carries waste to the kidneys to be expelled
from the body with the _______?
a. skin c. urine
b. cells d. stomach
Source:
National Assessment Test (NAT)- Grade VI
Series, 2011
79
APPENDIX B
80
2. Alin ang maaaring pamagat ng kwento?
a. Ang Tigre at Ang Magsasaka
b. Ang Kalabaw at Ang Magsasaka
c. Ang Tigre, Kalabaw at Ang Magsasaka
d. Ang mga Kulay a Ugali ng Tigre at Kalabaw
81
6. Alin sa mga sumusunod ang paksang diwa ng kuwento?
a. Ang pag-asang manalo ng isang kalahok sa paligsahan
b. Ang pagsali ng kalahok sa isang palaro sa paaralan
c. Ang pagbibigay ng suporta ng mga guro at kamag-aral
d. Ang pagtanggap ng pagkatalo na maluwag sa iyong kalooban
82
C. Para sa Bilang 11-15
83
13. Anong magagandang katangian ang ipinaakita ni Dennis sa akda?
a. Matulungin at maawain
b. Mabait at mayaman
c. Matalino at masunurin
d. Maunawain at mapagmasid
a. saksi c. kasama
b. gabay d. sagabal
84
17. Sa tingin mo, bakit kailangang magsikap at mag-aral ang
isang tao?
a. Upang makapagtapos.
b. Upang magtagumpay sa buhay.
c. Upang maging mayaman at magkaroon ng maraming pera.
d. Upang magkaroon ng maraming kaalaman.
Source:
Series, 2011
85
APPENDIX C
1. B 11. B
2. D 12. D
3. D 13. A
4. D 14. D
5. A 15. C
6. A 16. B
7. D 17. C
8. B 18. D
9. C 19. A
10. A 20. B
86
APPENDIX D
1. B 11. C
2. C 12. D
3. A 13. A
4. C 14. C
5. D 15. A
6. D 16. D
7. A 17. B
8. C 18. B
9. D 19. C
10. B 20. A
87
APPENDIX E
LETTER OF APPROVAL
School Principal
Integrated Laboratory School
Elementary Department
Madam:
“The Reading Comprehension Abilities of Selected Grade Six Pupils in English and
Filipino.”
In this regard, may we ask your good office the permission to use
accomplishment of our Bachelors Thesis. Rest assured that all the data will be kept
88
Researchers:
Alpatanih S. Anggot
Christopher Contreras
Nilvin V. Espino
Nurann A. Legardo
Laarnie Grace Pardillo
Noted:
Dr. Chona Quezon-Sarmiento
Course Mentor
Alpatanih S. Anggot
Carmelita Drive, Talon-Talon, Zamboanga City
aalpatani@yahoo.com
09351114057
Personal Information
Educational Attainment
2010-2014 Bachelor of Elementary Education,
89
Western Mindanao State University
Normal Road, Baliwasan, Zamboanga City
Organization
Honors
90
Computer Literate
Microsoft Word
Microsoft Excel
Microsoft Power Point
CHARACTER REFERENCES
Hamid Irin-Brgy Chairman of Sta. Barbara
Edgar Rosales-Dean of the College of Education
Ma’am Bacang- BEEd IV-b Adviser
I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my
knowledge and belief.
Christopher Contreras
Purok IV-Zone 2, Quiniput,Zamboanga City
chris_contreras34@yahoo.com
09359339271
Personal Information
Ethnicity Zamboangeño
Educational Attainment
91
2010-2014 Bachelor of Elementary Education,
Western Mindanao State University
Normal Road, Baliwasan, Zamboanga City
Organization
Honors
Poem Writing
92
Computer literate
Microsoft Word
Microsoft Excel
Microsoft Power Point
Adobe Photoshop
CHARACTER REFERENCES
Dr. Ana Louisa B. Perez, OIC School Principal, ILSED-WMSU
Nolan S. Iglesia- Dean of the College of Education
Primitivo C. Paragas, Barangay Chairman- Quiniput, Zamboanga City
I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my
knowledge and belief.
Nurann A. Legardo
Purok I- Zone IV, Taluksangay, Zamboanga City
iam.alsad@yahoo.com
09067291006
Personal Information
Educational Attainment
93
2010-2014 Bachelor of Elementary Education,
Western Mindanao State University
Normal Road, Baliwasan, Zamboanga City
Organization
Honors
94
Proficient in Arabic Language
Computer literate
Microsoft Word
Microsoft Excel
Microsoft Power Point
Adobe Photoshop
CHARACTER REFERENCES
Dr. Ana Louisa B. Perez, OIC School Principal, ILSED-WMSU
Nolan S. Iglesia-Dean of the College of Education
Abdurahman Nuño, Barangay Chairman- Taluksangay, Zamboanga City
I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my
knowledge and belief.
95