Professional Documents
Culture Documents
pubs.acs.org/CR
more researchers are engaged in studying this exciting area, required experimental work. Zhang, Zhang, Zhang, and Deng18
with the outcomes being plentiful. A multidisciplinary study on focus on the nanoconfined scale in ILs and the interactions
ILs is emerging, including chemistry, materials science, between ILs and the pore walls inside porous materials; this
chemical engineering, and environmental science. More brings to the ILs distinctly modified physicochemical properties
Downloaded via 187.255.144.114 on April 16, 2019 at 03:17:38 (UTC).
specifically, some important fundamental viewpoints are now when compared to the corresponding bulk liquid. The potential
different from the original concepts, as insights into the nature applications of nanoconfined ILs in catalysis, separation,
of ILs become deeper. For example, the physicochemical ionogels, supercapacitors, carbonization, and lubrication are
properties of ILs are now recognized as ranging broadly from thoroughly reviewed.
the oft quoted “nonvolatile, non-flammable, and air and water In many chemical reaction processes, ILs are suggested as
stable” to those that are distinctly volatile, flammable, and solvents, catalysts, reagents, or combinations of these. Zhang,
unstable. This is attributed to numerous combinations of Song, and Han19 provide a comprehensive review on the
cations and anions that meet the definition of ILs, leading to a catalytic conversion of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and
diverse suite of behaviors. Regardless, ILs remain more lignocellulosic biomass into value-added chemicals and fuel
desirable than conventional volatile solvents and/or catalysts products, in which ILs act as the solvents or as IL-based
in many physical and chemical processes, often exhibiting catalysts. Various useful products can be obtained through
“green” and “designer” properties to a useful degree. lignocellulose valorization using ILs. Qiao, Ma, Theyssen,
As their chemical variety has grown, ILs have been further Chen, and Hou20 discuss an interesting family of ILs, i.e.
divided into many types, e.g., room-temperature ILs temperature-responsive ILs, which are used for the thermo-
(RTILs),1−6 task-specific ILs (TSILs),7,8 polyionic liquids regulated catalytic systems, such as hydroformylation, reduction
with H2 or CO, and coupling reactions. The working principle
(PILs),9,10 and supported IL membranes (SILMs)11,12 that
is that this type of IL can form a homogeneous mixture with the
include composites of ILs supported on metal−organic
reactants and products, but be separated from them readily
frameworks (MOFs).13,14 The hybrid organic−ionic nature of
when the reaction conditions are changed. From the viewpoint
ILs and the resulting intermolecular interactions give rise to a
of chemical engineering, the most important advantage is that
complex set of phenomena, creating an area of study that is
the gas/liquid−solid mass transfer limitations, which may be
both fascinating and challenging. Scientists and engineers are the rate-determining step in many catalytic transformations, can
often required to screen for suitable ILs quickly for a specific be overcome. Dai, Zhang, Huang, and Lei21 provide a detailed
process. For this purpose, the identification of structure− review of ILs in several important and typical selective
performance relationships disclosing the interplay among ILs, oxidation reactions. ILs are preferable in this context as highly
solutes, supports, and the components in mixtures becomes efficient catalysts and innovative green solvents due to their
vital, requiring a close integration of experimental, theoretical, unique physical properties, including their nonvolatility,
and computational methods. Thus, it is necessary to collect our reaction rate acceleration effects, and high thermal stability.
recent findings in this area and summarize the governing rules In particular, their use as “biphasic catalysts”, or “immobilized
behind these complex phenomena. This compelled us to invite catalysts” obtained by immobilizing metal- or nonmetal-
a number of prestigious scientists to contribute to this thematic containing ILs onto mineral or polymer supports, is highlighted
issue on ILs for Chemical Reviews. We should mention that in detail.
deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are not highlighted in this In separation processes, the selection of suitable solvents (or
thematic issue because DESs and ILs form two quite different separating agents) is a key for targeted process intensification.
solvent families. For more detail on DESs, please see the Ventura, e Silva, Quental, Mondal, Freire, and Coutinho22 offer
excellent review written by Smith, Abbott, and Ryder.15 a detailed review on the use of ILs as solvents in the extraction
This issue covers a range of different aspects of ILs, and/or purification of bioactive compounds, ranging from small
beginning with the multiscale science of ILs. It is evident that a organic compounds to more complex molecules. Different IL-
better understanding of IL behavior at the microscopic scale
will help to elucidate macroscopic fluid phenomena, and thus
Special Issue: Ionic Liquids
promote the industrial application of ILs. Dong, Liu, Dong,
Zhang, and Zhang16 discuss the multiscale aspects of ILs, Published: May 24, 2017
postdoctoral fellowships in France and New Zealand took up an (20) Qiao, Y.; Ma, W.; Theyssen, N.; Chen, C.; Hou, Z.
academic position at Monash in 1983. He has published more than Temperature-Responsive Ionic Liquids: Fundamental Behaviors and
600 papers and 30 patents. He was elected to the Australian Academy Catalytic Applications. Chem. Rev. 2017, DOI: 10.1021/acs.chem-
rev.6b00652.
of Sciences in 2007 and to the Australian Academy of Technological
(21) Dai, C.; Zhang, J.; Huang, C.; Lei, Z. Ionic Liquids in Selective
Sciences and Engineering in 2009. Oxidation: Catalysts and Solvents. Chem. Rev. 2017, DOI: 10.1021/
acs.chemrev.7b00030.
REFERENCES (22) Ventura, S. P. M.; e Silva, F. A.; Quental, M. V.; Mondal, D.;
Freire, M. G.; Coutinho, J. A. P. Ionic-Liquid-Mediated Extraction and
(1) Hallett, J. P.; Welton, T. Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids: Separation Processes for Bioactive Compounds: Past, Present, and
Solvents for Synthesis and Catalysis. 2. Chem. Rev. 2011, 111, 3508− Future Trends. Chem. Rev. 2017, DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00550.
3576. (23) Paschoal, V. H.; Faria, L. F. O.; Ribeiro, M. C. C. Vibrational
(2) Bara, J. E.; Carlisle, T. K.; Gabriel, C. J.; Camper, D.; Finotello, Spectroscopy of Ionic Liquids. Chem. Rev. 2017, DOI: 10.1021/
A.; Gin, D. L.; Nobel, R. D. Guide to CO2 Separations in Imidazolium- acs.chemrev.6b00461.
Based Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2009, (24) Wang, B.; Qin, L.; Mu, T.; Xue, Z.; Gao, G. Are Ionic Liquids
48, 2739−2751. Chemically Stable? Chem. Rev. 2017, DOI: 10.1021/acs.chem-
(3) Lei, Z.; Dai, C.; Chen, B. Gas Solubility in Ionic Liquid. Chem. rev.6b00594.
Rev. 2014, 114, 1289−1326. (25) Egorova, K. S.; Gordeev, E. G.; Ananikov, V. P. Biological
(4) Lei, Z.; Dai, C.; Zhu, J.; Chen, B. Extractive Distillation with Ionic Activity of Ionic Liquids and Their Application in Pharmaceutics and
Liquids: A Review. AIChE J. 2014, 60, 3312−3329. Medicine. Chem. Rev. 2017, DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00562.
(5) Chatel, G.; MacFarlane, D. R. Ionic Liquids and Ultrasound in (26) Watanabe, M.; Thomas, M. L.; Zhang, S.; Ueno, K.; Yasuda, T.;
Combination: Synergies and Challenges. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2014, 43, Dokko, K. Application of Ionic Liquids to Energy Storage and
8132−8149. Conversion Materials and Devices. Chem. Rev. 2017, DOI: 10.1021/
(6) Mai, N. L.; Koo, Y. M. Computer-Aided Design of Ionic Liquids acs.chemrev.6b00504.
for High Cellulose Dissolution. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2016, 4,
541−547.
(7) Gurkan, B. E.; de la Fuente, J.; Mindrup, E. M.; Ficke, L. E.;
Goodrich, B. F.; Price, E. A.; Schneider, W. F.; Brennecke, J. F.
Equimolar CO2 Absorption by Anion-Functionalized Ionic Liquids. J.
Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 2116−2117.
(8) Ruckart, K. N.; O’Brien, R. A.; Woodard, S. M.; West, K. N.;
Grant, T. Glover Porous Solids Impregnated with Task-Specific Ionic
Liquids as Composite Sorbents. J. Phys. Chem. C 2015, 119, 20681−
20697.
(9) Qian, W.; Texter, J.; Yan, F. Frontiers in Poly(ionic liquid)s:
Syntheses and Applications. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2017, 46, 1124−1159.
(10) Rojas, M. F.; Bernard, F. L.; Aquino, A.; Borges, J.; Dalla
Vecchia, F.; Menezes, S.; Ligabue, R.; Einloft, S. Poly(ionic liquid)s as
Efficient Catalyst in Transformation of CO2 to Cyclic Carbonate. J.
Mol. Catal. A: Chem. 2014, 392, 83−88.
(11) Wickramanayake, S.; Hopkinson, D.; Myers, C.; Hong, L.; Feng,
J.; Seol, Y.; Plasynski, D.; Zeh, M.; Luebke, D. Mechanically Robust
Hollow Fiber Supported Ionic Liquid Membranes for CO2 Separation
Applications. J. Membr. Sci. 2014, 470, 52−59.
(12) Scovazzo, P.; Havard, D.; McShea, M.; Mixon, S.; Morgan, D.
Long-term, Continuous Mixed-gas Dry Fed CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2
Separation Performance and Selectivities for Room Temperature Ionic
Liquid Membranes. J. Membr. Sci. 2009, 327, 41−48.
(13) Khan, N. A.; Hasan, Z.; Jhung, S. H. Ionic Liquids Supported on
Metal-Organic Frameworks: Remarkable Adsorbents for Adsorptive
Desulfurization. Chem. - Eur. J. 2014, 20, 376−380.
(14) Vicent-Luna, J. M.; Gutiérrez-Sevillano, J. J.; Anta, J. J.; Calero,
S. Effect of Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids on CO2 Separation by a
Cu-BTC Metal−Organic Framework. J. Phys. Chem. C 2013, 117,
20762−20768.
(15) Smith, E. L.; Abbott, A. P.; Ryder, K. S. Deep Eutectic Solvents
(DESs) and Their Applications. Chem. Rev. 2014, 114, 11060−11082.
(16) Dong, K.; Liu, X.; Dong, H.; Zhang, X.; Zhang, S. Multiscale
Studies on Ionic Liquids. Chem. Rev. 2017, DOI: 10.1021/
acs.chemrev.6b00776.
(17) Izgorodina, E. I.; Seeger, Z. L.; Scarborough, D. L. A.; Tan, S. Y.
S. Quantum Chemical Methods for the Prediction of Energetic,
Physical and Spectroscopic Properties of Ionic Liquids. Chem. Rev.
2017, DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00528.
(18) Zhang, S.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, Y.; Deng, Y. Nanoconfined Ionic
Liquids. Chem. Rev. 2017, DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00509.
(19) Zhang, Z.; Song, J.; Han, B. Catalytic Transformation of
Lignocellulose into Chemicals and Fuel Products in Ionic Liquids.
Chem. Rev. 2017, DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00457.