Contents

Desalination techniques: .............................................................................................................................. 1

Methods of salt recovery from seawater: .................................................................................................... 2
Integrated Processes for Dual purpose Desalination and Salt Production: .................................................. 3
Findings from Literature and Patent Reviews............................................................................................... 3
Patent Process Details: ................................................................................................................................. 4
Salt Refining: ................................................................................................................................................. 6

Desalination techniques:
Reference: Integrated processes for desalination and salt production; https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4976929

There are two classes of desalination techniques

1. Thermal-based Process; The thermal-based technologies are primarily used for high salinity
solution and where inexpensive energy is available

a. Multi-Stage Flash (MSF); MSF is operated based on the principle of flash evaporation
in which the saline water is evaporated under vacuum condition and then followed by
condensation of freshwater.
b. Multi-Effect Distillation (MED); Desalination process in MED occurs in evaporators
arranged in series and uses the principle of reducing ambient pressure in the evaporators
c. Vapor Compression (VC); VC utilizes heat from compression of vapor to evaporate
saline water.

2. Membrane-based processes
a. Reverse Osmosis (RO)
b. Nano filtration (NF)
c. Forward Osmosis (FO)
d. Membrane Distillation (MD)
Methods of salt recovery from seawater:
 Solar, thermal and mechanical evaporation
 Vacuum method;
 Membrane Crystallizer (integrated process)

Reference: Salt Recovery Processes

Integrated Processes for Dual purpose Desalination and Salt Production:
Reference: Integrated processes for desalination and salt production; https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4976929

Findings from Literature and Patent Reviews

Reference: https://watereuse.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/WRRF-10-09-webcast.pdf (page 21)

 Significant amount of research on extraction of commodities from desalination

brine/concentrate streams
 Many studies conclude that extraction is feasible and would produce a profit
 Very few demonstration studies
 Very few studies that analyzed energy requirements, chemical consumption, and costs
Patent Process Details:
1. SAL-PROC:

References:
http://www.geoprocessors.com/salproc.html

http://www.geo-processors.com/technologies/sal-proc.html

SAL-PROC is a patented, integrated process for the sequential or selective extraction of dissolved elements from
inorganic saline waters in the form of valuable salts and chemical compounds (mineral, slurry, and liquid form).

SAL-PROC is an integrated process for extracting dissolved solid from saline water by using multiple evaporations
and/or cooling combined with mineral and chemical processing.
 2. ROSP:

References: http://www.geoprocessors.com/rosp.html

ROSP stands for linked operation of reverse osmosis (RO) desalination and SAL-PROC™
processes. The integrated process enables the comprehensive use of saline impaired water
through combined recovery of fresh water and useful salt minerals and chemical
compounds.

3. SALT SEPARATION SERVICES:

References: http://www.saltsep.co.uk/index.php
Salt Refining:
Japan produces food grade salt from seawater using electro-dialysis followed by evaporation

1. GEA Messo PT

References: https://www.gea.com/assets/salt-crystallization-evaporation-gea-171149.pdf

GEA Messo PT is known worldwide for the design and supply of salt factories which match the
individual requirements of table salt as well as for producing high grade vacuum salt, suitable for
chloralkali electrolysis. Recently, all salt business in GEA has been consolidated in our Duisburg
operations and we are supplying vacuum salt plants, solar salt wash factories and technologies and
plants for chemical brine purification (various processes) from both rock salt and sea salt feed stocks.

2. Vaccum Process

Reference: Salt Recovery Processes