In – Lab: ----------

2
College of Engineering ___________________
Department of Electrical Engineering

Lab Report: --- 10

8 Total

Lab Number

_____________________________________________________
Title of the Lab
Course Name, Course Number, Section

Group Number in Blackboard : _______

Instructor: _____________________
Student Name 1 :___________________________
ID Number :___________________________

Student Name 2 :___________________________

ID Number :___________________________

Student Name 3 :___________________________

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:

Date Performed: ___________________

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 College of Engineering
Department of Electrical Engineering
ELEC 334 Electronics Engineering Lab
Fall 2018
Lab 5: Active Filters
Instructors: Dr Muhammad Enamul Hoque Chowdhury

Lab activities:
1. Design, calculations and simulations (to be carried out before coming to the lab)
2. Short discussion before the lab work (20 minutes)
3. Circuit implementation using the KL-23015 module and interfacing with the NI ELVIS board.
(90 minutes)
4. Comments and observations. (45 minutes)
5. Conclusion (10 minutes).
IMPORTANT: All lab reports must be submitted on or before the end of the lab session.
1. Objective.
The purpose of this lab is to design, simulate, implement and test different types of active filters
circuits. The simulation part will be carried out using Multisim 12 and the experimental section will be based
on the KL23015 Module and LabVIEW / NI ELVIS platform.
2. Equipment.
Hardware:
 KL-21001 Linear Circuit Lab System
 Experiment Module. KL-23015.
 NI ELVIS workbench
 DMM
Software:
 LabVIEW 12
 MultiSim 12
3. Design problem. (1.5 marks)
3.1. Design a 2nd order active low pass filter using an LF-356 op – amp with the following constraints.
 Cut – off frequency, fC, equals 1.59 kHz
 Pass band gain is 1.
 Use the following component values in reference with Fig. 1 in your design.
C2 = 0.01F, R1 = 10 k, R2 = 10 k.
 Prove that the transfer function in Fig. 1 is equal to Eq. (1) which conforms with the high pass
2nd order system transfer function as shown in Eq. (2) .
 Find the quality factor (Q), attenuation factor () and the damping factor ( ) in your design.
C1

R1 R2
Vi
LF356 V0
C2

Fig.1 2nd order unity gain Sallen-Key active low pass filter circuit.

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 1
𝑉0(𝑠) 𝑅1 𝑅2 𝐶1 𝐶2
= 𝑅1 𝐶2 +𝑅2 𝐶2 1 Eq. (1).
𝑉𝑖 (𝑠) 2
𝑠 + 𝑠+
𝑅1 𝑅2 𝐶1 𝐶2 𝑅1 𝑅2 𝐶1 𝐶2

𝜔0 2
𝐻(𝑠) = Eq. (2)
𝑠2 + 2 𝑠+ 𝜔0 2

𝜔0 √𝑅1 𝑅2 𝐶1 𝐶2 1 𝜔0
𝑄=
2𝛼
=
(𝑅1 +𝑅2 )𝐶1
; = ;
2𝑄 𝑐
𝑓 =
2𝜋

where: Q = quality factor

 = attenuation factor
 = damping factor
0 = cut-off freq.(rad/s)
f0 = cut-off freq.(Hz)

3.2. Design a 2nd order active high pass filter using an LF-356 op-amp with the following constraints.
 Cut – off frequency, fC, equals 1.443 kHz
 Pass band gain is 1.
 Use the following component values in reference with Fig. 2 in your design.
C2 = C2 = 0.01F, R2 = 22 k.
 Prove that the transfer function in Fig. 2 is equal to Eq. (3) which conforms with the high pass
2nd order system transfer function as shown in Eq. (4) .
 Find the quality factor (Q), attenuation factor () and the damping factor ( ) in your design.
R1

C1 C2
Vi
LF356 V0
R2

Fig.2 . 2nd order unity gain Sallen-Key active high pass filter circuit.

𝑉0(𝑠) 𝑠2
= 𝑅 𝐶 +𝑅 𝐶 1 Eq. (3).
𝑉𝑖 (𝑠) 𝑠2 + 𝑅1 𝑅1 𝐶 1𝐶 2 𝑠+ 𝑅 𝑅 𝐶 𝐶
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

𝑠2
𝐻(𝑠) = Eq. (4)
𝑠2 + 2 𝑠+ 𝜔0 2
𝜔0 √𝑅 𝑅 𝐶 𝐶 1 𝜔0
𝑄= = 1 2 1 2;  = ; 𝑓 =
2𝛼 (𝐶1 +𝐶2 )𝑅1 2𝑄 𝑐 2𝜋
where: Q = quality factor
 = attenuation factor
 = damping factor
0 = cut-off freq.(rad/s)
f0 = cut-off freq.(Hz)

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 IMPORTANT:
The tables shown are templates only and you may follow it as you wish. You can make as many
measurements as you can or you can create a more comprehensive table of your own to make your
results more conclusive.

4. Simulations. (1 mark)
4.1. Simulate your filter design and insert a snapshot of the Multisim circuit along with the Bode plot
indicating the cut-off frequency and the pass band gain by filling out Table 1.

Table 1. Circuit simulation results of the low pass, high pass and band pass filters.
Bode plot Pass band
Filter type Multisim circuit Cut-off Freq.
(Gain and Phase Shift) Gain
(Insert your figure
Low pass (Insert your figure here)
here)
(Insert your figure
High pass (Insert your figure here)
here)
Note: Use the cursors in the Bode plotter to denote the cut-off frequency and the pass band gain.

5. Practical Implementation and Testing. (1.5 marks)

5.1. Implement your filter design using the KL23015 module for the low pass filter in 5.1.1. and the
high pass filter in 5.1.2. Use the Bode plotter in the NI ELVIS board indicating the cut-off
frequency and the pass band gain by filling out Table 2.
5.1.1. Low pass filter implementation component options in the KL 23015.

C1 = 0.01F
C2 = 0.01F
C5 = 0.1F
C7 = 0.01F
C8 = 0.01F
R11 = 10k
R12 = 10k
R15 = 5.6k
R17 = 22k
R18 = 22k

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 5.1.2. High pass filter implementation component options in the KL 23015

C1 = 0.01F
C2 = 0.01F
C5 = 0.1F
C7 = 0.01F
C8 = 0.01F
R11 = 10k
R12 = 10k
R15 = 5.6k
R17 = 22k
R18 = 22k

Table 2. Circuit implementation results of the low pass, high pass and band pass filters.
Bode plot Pass band
Filter type Cut-off Freq.
(Gain and Phase Shift) Gain
Low pass (Insert your figure here)
High pass (Insert your figure here)
Note: Use the cursors in the Bode plotter to denote the cut-off frequency and the pass band gain.

6. Summary of Results. (1 mark)

6.1. Comparison between expected and measured values in Multisim.
Fill-out Table 3a and Table 3b and calculate the percentage errors.

Table 3a. Measured cut-off freq. values in Multisim and expected values.
Filter type Expected fC Measured fC in Multisim %Error
Low pass 1.59 kHz
High pass 1.443 kHz
Table 3b. Measured pass band gain in Multisim and expected values.
Expected pass Measured pass band
Filter type %Error
band gain gain in Multisim
Low pass 1
High pass 1

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 6.2. Comparison between expected and practical values.
Fill-out Table 4a and Table 4b and calculate the percentage errors.

Table 4a. Measured cut-off freq. values in the implemented circuit and expected values.
Filter type Expected fC Measured fC in NI ELVIS %Error
Low pass 1.59 kHz
High pass 1.443 kHz

Table 4b. Measured pass band gain in the implemented circuit and expected values.
Expected pass Measured pass band gain
Filter type %Error
band gain in NI ELVIS
Low pass 1
High pass 1

7. Discussion of Results. (1.5 marks)

Write your comments on the observations and write your notes on the results, highlighting the
comparison between the datasheet, simulated and practical values.

7.1. Practical Data analysis

Interpretation of practical results obtained on Table 1. You may want to include the percentage
difference to show how close are the simulated and measured values and describe the reasons why you
obtain those discrepancies or any other means to compare or interpret the data obtained from
practical measurements.

7.2. Comparison and Discussion of Theoretical, Simulation, and Experimental Results

Compare the practical values (simulated and measured) versus the datasheet values. You can used
percentage error to show the accuracy of the practical and theoretical value and comment on the
result. Consolidate all explanations made on the practical and theoretical aspects.

8. Conclusions (1mark)
Conclusion provides closure to your report. The conclusion should address the main objective of the
Lab. In this part, you should convince the reader that the objectives set at the beginning of the lab are
satisfied. You should cite some earlier sections in your report such as figures, tables, discussion of the
results, etc. as a proof that you have indeed satisfied each objective.

Appendices (0.5 mark)

Include the datasheets of key components or necessary tables used in the lab.

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