MESOPOTAMIAN CIVILIZATION

1.- LOCATION: The Mesopotamian civilization was located geographically in the territories that
crossed the Euphrates and Tigris rivers. This region was very fertile, and had ideal conditions
for the emergence of agriculture.

2.- POLITICAL ORGANIZATION: The king was the most important, he was the priest and had
many charges at the same time.

3.- ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION: It had its base in agriculture and commerce. The main
agricultural products grown were barley, wheat, vegetables, olives, palm trees and vine.

4.- SOCIAL ORGANIZATION: The base of society was the monogamous family. There were three
well-differentiated social groups

• In the first stratum: government officials, nobles and priests.

• In the intermediate stratum: merchants, farmers and artisans.

• Commoners were at the base of society. These were considered free people and were
protected by law.

5.- SCIENTIFIC THINKING: The Mesopotamian man had great interest in astronomy. They
prepared a calendar of extreme precision: the mathematics reached considerable
development among them.

6.- RELIGIOUS THINKING: they were polytheists, that is, they worshiped various gods. Each God
had a temple, a priest and a certain ritual.

7.- ARCHITECTURE: In the Mesopotamian civilizations the constructions had religious,

economic and political purposes. Regarding the general characteristics of the buildings, it is
highlighted that: They did not place windows or columns, and the light was obtained by the
roof.

8.- SCULPTURE: they represented the gods, sovereigns or officials. His goal was to replace the
person. These human representations are completely different from reality. However, in the
animal sculptures they maintained a greater realism.