LUQMAAN HAKIEM SULAIMAN

Bachelor of Engineering (Hons.) Mechanical (EM220)

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
2015182365
Supervisor: MUHAMAD AZHAN ANUAR

VIBRATION ENERGY HARVESTING FROM DYNAMIC ABSORBER

USING PIEZOELECTRIC TRANSDUCER
ABSTRACT
The attenuation of excessive vibrations in machines and structures operating at or near its resonant frequency is commonly done by designing and installing a dynamic absorber consisting
of a simple mass-stiffness system. This auxiliary system turns the original system into a two-degree-of-freedom system with its new resonant frequencies away from the original operating
resonant frequency. The vibrations of the dynamic absorber show wasted and unwanted energy which are possible to be harvested for other uses. This study focuses on the voltage that can
be produced by attaching a single Prowave FS-2513P piezoelectric transducer on dynamic absorbers designed using Randy Fox’s method for different widths of 30 mm, 40 mm and 50 mm,
and tune mass positions of 101.6 mm, 152.4 mm and 203.2 mm. While operating at the original natural frequency, a single piezoelectric can produce up to 40 mV.

PROBLEM STATEMENT METHODOLOGY

Unwanted vibrations that is transferred to a dynamic absorber
Main system Dynamic absorber design Randy Fox’s method
is wasted, showing potential to be tapped for energy harvesting.
Spring
(2.115 103 ) EI 0.75m1 L4
AIM Spring m2  2  2
Main system 0 (3a L  a ) 3a L  a 3
2 3

To optimize energy harvesting from vibration of dynamic

absorber using piezoelectric transducer. m2 = Tune mass (lb)
Imbalance m1 = Weight per inch of spring (lb)
exciter Dynamic absorber
E = Modulus of elasticity (psi)
mounting location
OBJECTIVES Piezoelectric I = Moment inertia (in4)
Exciter L = Length of dynamic absorber (in)
1. To design and fabricate a dynamic absorber system. control unit Dynamic absorber ω0 = Targeted resonant frequency (cpm)
2. To investigate the effect of different variables of the system a = Tune mass position (in)
Tune mass mounting b = Width of dynamic absorber
on vibration attenuation.
3. To determine the output of the system in terms of voltage. Fig. 1: Gunt Hamburg TM150 Vibration trainer Fig. 2: Close-up view at the mounting location Fig. 3: Design equation

SCOPE OF WORK Fabrication Deflection and voltage measurements

1. Using Randy Fox’s method for design of dynamic absorber.
2. Dynamic absorber material and dimensions: Oscilloscope
• Aluminium; 1 mm thick; 203.4 mm length, L probe

• Different widths, b; tune mass positions, a Dynamic

3. Using a single Prowave FS-2513P piezoelectric transducer. absorber
4. Measure and compare unconditioned AC voltage.

SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY Main system

Tune mass
1. Duality of functions for vibration attenuation and energy
harvesting. Exciter
2. Improve safety and lifetime of machines while harvesting control unit

energy for other applications. Fig. 5: Tektronix TDS 2022B oscilloscope

Fig. 3: Aluminum plates Fig. 4: System setup for measurements

RESULTS
a = 101.6 mm a = 152.4 mm a = 203.4 mm
Main system without dynamic absorber (b = 0)
A1 A2 A3
1. Targeted resonant frequency, ω0 = 9.1 Hz.
Targeted
frequency, ωo
Targeted
frequency, ωo
Targeted
frequency, ωo
2. Maximum amplitude up to 35 mm.
First new First new
resonance peaks resonance peaks
displacement
Main system

First new
resonance peaks Main system with dynamic absorber (b = 30, 40 and 50 mm)
1. Two new resonant frequencies ω1 and ω2
• In accordance with new 2-DOF system
2. As a increases;
• Displacement of main system at ω1 reduces
• Gap between ω1 and ω2 reduces
B1 B2 B3 3. Main system displacement attenuation between 93% to
100% at ω0.
First new
resonance peaks
Targeted
frequency, ωo First new
Targeted
frequency, ωo
Targeted
frequency, ωo
4. Main system displacement reduction becomes more noticable
resonance peaks
First new
Second new
as b increases by 20 mm.
displacement

Second new resonance peaks

resonance peaks
Absorber

Second new resonance peaks

resonance peaks

Dynamic absorber
1. Two new resonant frequencies ω1 and ω2
• In accordance with new 2-DOF system
2. As a increases;
• The larger the displacement of absorber at ω1 and ω2
• The closer the range between ω1 and ω2
C1 C2 C3

Targeted
frequency, ωo
Targeted
frequency, ωo
Targeted
frequency, ωo
Piezoelectric voltage
Second new
resonance peaks
First new Second new Second new
1. Two peaks correspond to the new resonant frequencies ω1
Piezoelectric

First new resonance peaks resonance peaks

resonance peaks resonance peaks
First new
and ω2.
voltage

resonance peaks

2. At targeted operating frequency, voltage outputs range from

20 Hz to 40 Hz.
3. Highest voltage output occurs at a = 203.4 mm with b = 30
mm and 40 mm.

Fig 5: Results for different a, b and corresponding parameters

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
a (in) 4 6 8 Table 1: Tabulated results for new resonant
frequencies and parameters at 9.1 Hz 1. Successfully designed and fabricated dynamic absorber
b (mm) 30 40 50 30 40 50 30 40 50 system.
ω1 (Hz) 8.5 8.4 8.3 8.5 8.5 8.3 8.5 8.4 8.3 ω1 = first new natural frequency 2. Best attenuation achieved at maximum a = 203.4 mm and
ω2 (Hz) 12.7 12.6 12.4 10.8 11.2 11.1 9.9 10.1 10.0 ω2 = second new natural frequency maximum b = 50 mm.
xm = main system displacement
xm (mm) 2.5 2.5 1.7 2.5 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 0.0 3. Highest voltage output occurs at maximum a = 203.4 mm and
R = main system displacement reduction
R (%) 92.9 92.9 95.1 92.9 95.1 95.1 95.1 95.1 100.0 xa = absorber displacement b = 30 mm and 40 mm.
At ω0 Vmax = maximum AC voltage reading 4. It is recommended to investigate the range of b variations’
xa (mm) 7.5 7.5 5.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 17.5 15.0 10.0
effect on output and the use of multiple piezoelectrics.
Vmax (mV) 30.0 30.0 20.0 30.0 30.0 20.0 40.0 40.0 20.0

● VIBRATION ENERGY HARVESTING FROM DYNAMIC ABSORBER USING PIEZOELECTRIC TRANSDUCER ● LUQMAAN HAKIEM BIN SULAIMAN (2015182365) ● DECEMBER 2018 ●