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zflwG dhhfr W lf©ikA  0
dhNq ixôf dhNq ixôf

HCdmjf ------------------- 1 mLc-dmtb --------------- 72
spZbfyfv W hAdHyfv -------3 ztDmfr ---------------- 76
omA bfvD-icv¢sNv dbuGbhfn 5 zbAfbA stfjfyfv ------- 78
ilGf --------------------10 lf©ikA W zdLjfv ------ 79
jfsj sjfbX zÌ slJfsbf ytsh 13 ²ÃDv zdLjfv ------------ 79
ianfLb W zÌnÏf ----- 16 öfmDv zdLjfv ---------- 85
dhhfsrv iasqfubDqkf --- 21 spZK zdLjfv ----------- 94
zShL dhhfr ------------ 23 Ov-nQnfv -------------- 98
ifÛD iY¦l ------------- 32 Ov-ufmfƒ ------------ 101
ifÛD lwGb -------------- 41 msbfmfdtbA ----------- 102
iB W spZkcj ----------- 46 kftfj --------------- 104
slbsmfrv -------------- 51 ƒÜk ----------------- 107
dhhfsrv iCshG slwfyfv ---- 54 ²ÃD rfvfm jvst -------- 110
dhhfsrv dlb ------------ 57 zðdykf -------------- 111
dhhfr-háb ------------- 60 ƒd²Àrfpf -------------- 114
zfjXl djHfsh rsh ------ 62 dbIfn ---------------- 115
zfjXslv iv slwfyfv ---- 64 zfk¹fðdÝ ------------ 116
jbAf dhlfq ------------- 66 oHG W ub¹dbq§ÃB ----- 117
hLChvB ----------------- 67 nQsjk-idvdydk
ðH hfnv --------------- 69 W iamfBiÓD ----------- 121
ِ‫ﻦ ﱠﻳ ْﻬ ِﺪﻩ‬
ْ ‫ َﻣ‬،‫ﻋ َﻤَﺎِﻟ َﻨَﺎ‬
ْ ‫ﺷ ُﺮ ْورِ َأ ْﻧ ُﻔﺴِﻨََﺎ َوﺳَﻴﱢﺌََﺎتِ َأ‬
ُ ْ‫ﺴ َﺘ ْﻐ ِﻔ ُﺮﻩُ َو َﻧ ُﻌ ْﻮذُ ِﺑِﺎﷲِ ِﻣﻦ‬
ْ ‫ﺴ َﺘ ِﻌ ْﻴ ُﻨﻪُ َو َﻧ‬
ْ ‫ﺤ َﻤ ُﺪﻩُ َو َﻧ‬
ْ ‫ﺤ ْﻤﺪَ ﷲِ َﻧ‬
َ ‫ِإنﱠ ا ْﻟ‬
،ُُ‫ﻚ َﻟ ﻪ‬ َ ‫ﺷ ِﺮ ْﻳ‬
َ َ‫ﺣ َﺪ ُﻩ ﻻ‬ ْ ‫ﷲ َو‬ ُ ‫ﻻا‬ ‫ﻻ ِإِﻟ ﻪَ إِ ﱠ‬ ‫ن ﱠ‬ ْ ‫ﺷ َﻬ ُﺪ َأ‬
ْ ‫ َوَأ‬،ُُ‫ﻼ َه ﺎ ِدىَ َﻟ ﻪ‬َ ‫ﻞ َﻓ‬ ْ ‫ﻀ ِﻠ‬ْ ‫ ﱡﻳ‬X‫ﻦ‬ ْ ‫ َو َﻣ‬،ُ‫ﻀ ﻞﱠ َﻟ ُﻪ‬ ِ ‫ﻼ ُﻣ‬ َ ‫ﷲ َﻓ‬ ُ ‫ا‬
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ُ ‫ﻋ ْﺒ ُﺪ ُﻩ َو َر‬
َ ‫ﺤ ﱠﻤ ﺪًا‬
َ ‫ن ُﻣ‬
‫ﺷ َﻬ ُﺪ َأ ﱠ‬
ْ ‫َوَأ‬
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dhdHâ jcnQõfv, jciaKf, jczfyfv W zbfyfsvv iaflcHGfh OsesY. ivjfstv iadk [DB
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sbƒ LmGDq hfBDv iadk, sbƒ nmfusj jciaKf W zbfyfvmcÙÁ jvfv sjfb n{nfrn!
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zfhft-hxÝ-hdbkfv nd©mdtk ‰jfd§Àj iasyóf; pfv wDsNG Kfjsh zfïfr-HDdk,
ivjfstv iadk iCBG „mfb, drnfh-dbjfn W uhfhdldrv Hq, slfpsJv wËf ˆhQ
shsrsñv stfH.
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nmqjftW. ˆƒ wcHfwcH dbhGfyb jvfq kfvW rfk zfsY. spmb dhhfr jvf zLG
„mfb. lf©ikA-uDhb kfv zsLGj LmGDq uDhb. kfYfVf lf©iskAv nIvW hV tìf.
pfv nÌDW dyvnÌD. kfƒ skf zLG „mfb pfsk zhtDtfq ˆsn zhsrtfq hvhfl bf
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mfïf mfU nmcsla I]fisv iVsk hfLA.
dhhfsrv iCshG zsbj pchj-pchkD hù vdkwf²Ã zLAqb jsv Kfsjb; dj§Â sjfb LmDGq
vDdkwf²Ã zLAqb jvfv iasqfub msb jsvb bf. zKy siam W siasmv Lvb kKf
spZbncJ skf sp sjfb iajfsv tfH rskƒ ifsv. iv§Â tfH pf rq bf kf rt siam W
spZhsb bDdk-Sbdkjkf, nQpmwDtkf, lf©ikA W nfQnfdvj ivm wfd§À ˆhQ
nxdójkGfv yvm n§Âdó.
zfncb ƒntfmD idhÛ n©ijG, zflwG dhhfr W ncJD-lf©ikA oVfv …sÜswA zfmvf
zÛ icd²Àjfv zLAfqocdt hfvhfv zfstfybf jdv, zfv lxPnQj¬i rƒ sp, zfmvf
zfmfslv uDhb W lf©ikA oVh ƒntfmD snfbfv Yf]sy. sjfb slwfyfv, stfjfyfv hf
²ÃD-zfyfsvv kcIfsb zfmvf dhydtk rh bf. zfmvf yfƒ ƒrjfst zbfdht wfd§À W
ivjfst zb§À ncJ.
sr zfïfr! kcdm zfmfslvsj snƒ kWIDj W siavBf lfb jv pfsk zfmvf skfmfv
W skfmfv vnCstv zfbcokAiCBG uDhb W ncJD lf©ikA oVsk ifdv. zfv lf©iskAv
‰ dhwft zfmfbsk spb sJqfbk bf jsv hdn. zfmDb.
zfèct rfmDl zft-mflfbD
zft-mfumfzfr, n…lD zfvh
26/2/97
spZbfyfv W hAdHyfv
zfïfr kf'zftf ixdKhD zfhfl vfJfv ubA mfbcNsj JtDIfv™si nxdó jsvsYb. kfv
msLA ˆmb iajxdk W iahxdÙ lfb jsvsYb pfsk sn zdk nrsu dbsuv hQw hxdÝ W
zfhfl jvsk ifsv. [cLf-dbhxdÙ jsv spmb kfv dbsuv zd²Àk¶ zhdwó Kfsj kla™i
spZb[cLf dbhxdÙ jvst kfv hQw hfjD Kfjsh.
ˆƒ spZb[cLf ˆmb ˆj [cLf, pfv kfVbfq [cLfkG mfbcN dbsusj zsbj nmq dbq§ÃB
W zfqsÙ vfJsk ifsv bf. [cLf …iwf§À bf rWqf ipG§À mfbcN iajxk²¿ rsk ifsv bf.
zhwA …ÙÁ [cLf dbhfvsBv ubA ixdKhDsk nfLfvBk} dkbde vDdk vsqsY ;
iaKmk} Ì¼D-snÆ'-ˆv iwch{ vDdk; pfsk LmDGq, Sbdkj hf stZdjj sjfb iajfsvv
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hDpG[qsj ifi msb jsv. ˆv™i ShvfoAhfl iajxdk-LsmGvW dhsvfLD.
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jvsk ifsv. ‰ nDmf …ïQOb jsv dbq§ÃB-rfvf rsk ifsv bf. ˆƒ vDdkƒ rt
mfbcsNv ubA iajxdkdnÝ W bAfqivfqB. dhhfr-hásbv mfsU nDdmk W vDdkmk
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ˆƒ bDdkƒ nm²À ‰wDLsmGv bDdk ˆhQ ƒntfsmv zflwG. ƒntfm dhhfrsj ShL jsvsY
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waÝf, Hfstfhfnf, sn´r, öfKGkAfo W …{noG.
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znHA W …¤Yx£Jt bf rsq …sE, tfofmrDb spZbfyfsv dhdHâ lcvfsvfoA hAfdL W
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kfƒ skf ƒntfsm vsqsY hAdHyfvDv ubA jsEfv wfd²À-hAh²¿f. zfïfr kf'zftf
hstb, ªhAdHyfdvBD W hAdHyfvD - Wslv iaskAjsj ˆjwk jwfOfk jv; pdl
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wfd²À iakA[ jsv.« (jc} 24/2) zfv ˆviv kfslvsj ˆj hYsvv ubA slw sKsj
hdr°jfv zKhf jfvflsà ldàk jvf rsh. (hc}, mc}, dm} 3555bQ)
ˆ skf rt zdhhfdrk hAdHyfvD-hAdHyfdvBDv wfd²À. dhhfdrkslv wfd²À rt kfslvsj
sjfmv zhdL mfdesk i]csk ifKv dbs[i jsv rkAf jvf. (hc}, mc}, dm} 3555, 3557bQ)
klbcv™i nmjfm hf nmdtÌD-hAdHyfvsjW ƒntfm rfvfm sOfNBf jsvsY.
iajxdkokHfsh icv¢N bfvDv iadk ˆhQ bfvD icv¢sNv iadk zfnÙÁ ˆhQ …Hsqƒ ˆsj
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W rfdbjv ˆhQ kf rfvfm. zfïfr kfzftf hstb,
،َ‫اﺟ ِﻬ ْﻢ أَوْ ﻣَﺎ ﻣَﻠَﻜَﺖْ أَﻳْﻤَﺎﻧُﻬُﻢْ ﻓَﺈِﻧﱠﻬُﻢْ ﻏَﻴْﺮُ ﻣَﻠُﻮْﻣِﻴْﻦ‬
ِ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ َأ ْز َو‬َ ‫ ِإ ﱠﻻ‬،‫ن‬
َ ‫ﻈ ْﻮ‬
ُ ‫ﺎﻓ‬
ِ‫ﺣ‬ َ ‫ﺟ ِﻬ ْﻢ‬ َ ‫ َو ﱠاﻟ ِﺬ ْﻳ‬
ِ ‫ﻦ ُه ْﻢ ِﻟ ُﻔ ُﺮ ْو‬
َ‫اء ذﻟِﻚَ ﻓَﺄُوﻟﺌِﻚَ هُﻢُ اﻟْﻌَﺎدُوْن‬ َ َ‫ﻓَﻤَﻦِ اﺑْﺘَﻐَﻰ وَر‬
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zdLjfvHcÙÁ lfnDslv (1) s[sÛ zbAKf jvst kfvf db¦lfrG rsh bf ˆhQ kfYfVf
zbAfbA iK zhtìb jvst kfvf rsh nDmftQObjfvD.« (jc} 23/5-7)
nckvfQ jxdÛm SmKcb ˆj i»jfv nDmftQOb; pf mrfifi. kfYfVf zfïfrv vnCt 
pJb nfmKGAhfb pchjslvsj dhhfr jvsk htstb, kJbƒ znfmKGAhfb pchjsj svfpf
vfJfv dbslGw dlstb. pfsk spZb-kfVbfq pchjlt sjfbv™i shqfVf bf rsq pfq.
i[f§Àsv ˆsk rqskf [dBsjv spZböfl zfsY dj§Â ˆv iÇyfsk zfsY mrftfÒbf,
mrfidvkfi.
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lfnD, Jfslmf hf yfjvfbD …sÜwA bq.
omA bfvD-icv¢sNv dbuGbhfn

shofbf (*) bfvD-icv¢sNv sjfb dbuGb ²¿fsb ˆjfjD hfn, djYc [sBv ubAW stfj-
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kf hAdHyfv bf rstW hAdHyfsvv dbjehkDG jsv, hAdHyfsvv HCdmjf zhkfvBfq
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sofisb zh²¿fb bf jsv. jfvB, wqkfb …Hsqv jcebD rq.« (dk}, dm} 3118bQ)
ˆ hAfifsv nmfsu zdLj SwdKtA idvtd[k rq slWv-HfhD W wftD-hcbfƒ-ˆv
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syfvsj ifv bfƒ.' kfƒ skf zfïfrv bhD  mdrtfslv is[ kfslv slWvsj mxkcAv
ndrk kctbf jsvsYb.« (hc}, mc}, dm} 3102bQ)
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hf IAfwb.
klbcv™i kfslv ndrk sjfb v¢m hf ²¿fsb dbuGbkf zhtìb, hfdVv lfnD hf lfsnv
ndrk oxrjkGf hf jÛDG zKhf kfslv sYst-smsqv ndrk dbHxkhfn, hfolÙ hvjsbv
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pchkDv ˆjfs§À …Ef-bfmf, FfÙÁfv W bfsnGv ˆjfs§À syìfsv zh²¿fb, de…ev W YfÛDv
ˆjfs§À dbuGbhfn W iVfswfbf, öfmDv zhkGmfsb sjfb shofbf zfk¹Dq hf hácv ndrk
dbuGbhfn, eAfdÆsk F»fƒHfsvv ndrk hf dvÆfq dvÆfyftsjv ndrk dbuGsb omb, iDv
W mdrtf mcvDslv ˆjfs§À hfqfk W kf'tDm iaHxdk ˆjƒ ipGfsqv; pfslv mfsU
wqkfb jceXbD snsu zShL hfnbf W jfmbf ufoak jsv sjfb ifi nQOdek jvsk
syóf jsv. (vfJc} 35ix}, kfmc} 167-168 ix})
hfv¢slv dbje zfocb vfJf rst dhs±IfvB skf rskƒ ifsv. spsrkc mfbcsNv mb hV
m¦liahB ˆhQ lcdbGhfv jfmbf W hfnbf mfbcNsj zá W hdLv jsv skfst. kf YfVf
bfvDv mfsU vsqsY msbfvm jmbDqkf, smfrbDqkf ˆhQ yitkf. zfv wqkfb skf
mfbcNsj zn{ jfsu I]fdnsq dlsq zfb¦lshfL jsv Kfsj.
*
pfslv ndrk dyvksvv ubA dhhfr zShL kfslvsjƒ mfrvfm, zomA hf ôfbf ˆhQ ˆYfVf zbAfbA njtsj
ofqv mfrvfm, omA hf shofbf htf rq.
zbcv™i sjfb shofbf mdrtfv nfsK dbuGsb bfmfp iVfW ShL bq. (zfdb} 1/360)
kftfjiafåf ²ÃDv dbje dbsuv n§Àfb slJsk dosq hf sjfb jfsu dosq kfv ndrk
dbuGbkfW zbcv™i. jfvB, sn zfv ²ÃD sbƒ. zfv ˆmb mdrtfv ndrk dhislv
zfwËf shwD. wqkfb kfslvsj kfslv iCshGv n¹xdkyfvB jsv I]fdnsq dlsk ifsv.
(mh} 28/270)
hxÝ-hxÝfv zfsifsn hf kfslv ndrk pchkD-pchsjv dbuGbhfn, sjfb drusv hf Jfdn
jvf bfvD-icv¢sNv zfsifsN hf kfslv ndrk pchj-pchkDv, ˆjfdLj mdrtfv ndrk
sjfb ˆjde pchj zKhf ˆjfdLj icv¢sNv ndrk ˆj mdrtfv, sjfb ncwaD djswfsvv
ndrk pchsjv dbuGbhfnW zShL. iasqfub rst ˆhQ mdrtfv mfrvfm bf ifWqf
sost sjfb mdrtfv ufmfzfsk ˆjub icv¢N sKsj nIv zfdl jvfq zsbsjv dbje
zbcmdk vsqsY. (mh} 28/245-270) iajfw sp, mdrtfv ndrk sjfb bfhftj dwwc
Kfjst dbuGbkf jfse bf.
hAdHyfv sKsj nmfusj lCsv vfJfv ubAƒ ƒntfsm bfvD-icv¢sN zhfL dmtf-dmwf,
ˆjƒ zdIsn, smsn, j¾fwv¢sm, dhsq W mvf hfdVsk, rfnifkfst, hfufsv iaHxdk
s[sÛ …Hq ufdkv ˆjsÛ umfsqk zShL. (vfJc}41-42ix})
mcndtm bfvDv dw[fv zKG ˆƒ bq sp, kfsj hV dFoaD, nc…¤y il, smfef efjfv yfjcvD
sisk rsh. kfv dw[f ufdkoEsbv ubA, nmfu oVfv ubA, mcndtm slw W idvshw
oVfv ubA pkecjc lvjfv kkecjc dwJsk ifvstƒ psKó; pdlW kf Osv hsnƒ rq.
kf YfVf ixKj oftGXn õct-jstu bf Kfjst dmwa dw[fÌsb mcndtm bfvDv dw[fq
ùt sJsk dosq Ode rfdvsq pfWqf'v Oebfƒ zdLj Ose Kfsj; sp nh dw[f-
iadkôfsb dwd[k rWqf pfq dEjƒ, dj§Â zflwG mcndtm rWqf pfq bf. bfvDv
ödbHGvwDtf rsq uDhb-pfib jvfq ohG zfsY dEjƒ, dj§Â ncJ sbƒ. iajxdkv nfsK
tsV zfïfrv zfƒbsj zhÎf jsv bfbfb dhidÙ W hfLfsj …ïQOb jsv zKG jfdmsq
öfLDbkf zfbf pfq dEjƒ; dj§Â wfd§À zfbf pfq bf. wfd§À zfsY öfmDv snfrfso, öfmDv
siam, Hfstfhfnf W zfbcoskA. idvkAÙÁf hf dbiDdVkf rst ˆhQ slJfv sj… bf
Kfjst mcndtm vfóº W nmfsu kfv jftfdkifk jvfv psKó nru …ifq zfsY.
spJfsb sbƒ snJfbjfv jKf dhvt. zhwA äDb W lcdbqfv iajxk mCtAfqb jvsk
ifvst ˆ nmnAfv nmfLfb nru rsq …Esh. pfvf ivjfstv dyvncsJ dhÇhfnD kfvf
ufodkj jsqjdlsbv ncJ-dhtfsnv ubA äDb W ƒÏk dhdtsq slsh sjb? (vfjfdb
31ix}, Jfpc}16ix})
hAdHyfsvv iadk dbjehkDG rWqfv zfv ˆj ils[i mdrtfslv ˆjfdjbD sjfKfW
hfƒsv pfWqf-zfnf. kfƒ `nc¦lvD ystsY ˆjf isK, nÌD rƒst slfN dj kfsk?' hst
hù t©ie kfslv ifïfq isV Kfsj, LNGsBv rfk rsk zsbsjƒ v[f ifq bf, ifsv bf
dbsusj `dvmfjG' W `denX' ˆv dwtfhxdó rsk hf]yfsk. ˆv ubAƒ skf nmfu-dhÎfbD
vnCt  hstb, ªsjfb mdrtf spb ôfbf icv¢N YfVf ˆjfdjbD nIv bf jsv.«
ªvmBD ocå dudbn; nckvfQ pJb sn (hfdV rsk) shv rq, kJb wqkfb kfsj
icv¢sNv lxdósk vmBDq jsv slJfq.« (n}dk} 936bQ)
hAdHyfsvv jfsY pfWqfv zfv ˆj ils[i sjfb ˆmb mdrtfv dbje sjfb omA
zfk¹Dq hf zbA icv¢sNv omb pfv öfmD hkGmfsb hfdVsk sbƒ, dhslsw zfsY. jfvB
ˆmb ²ÃDv msb nfLfvBk} spZb[cLf ˆjec kcsÌ Kfsj, kfƒ dhil Oefƒ öfHfdhj. ²ÃD
hf ‰ icv¢N pkƒ ivsrpofv srfj, khcW bf. ˆ dhNsq bDdk-dhÎfbD  hstb,
ªskfmvf snƒ mdrtfslv dbje omb jsvf bf pfslv öfmDvf dhslsw zfsY. jfvB,
wqkfb skfmfslv vÙÁdwvfq iahfdrk rq.« (n}dk} 935bQ, n}ƒmf} 1779bQ)
nfrfhD (vf}) hstb, ªzfïfrv bhD  zfmfslvsj dbsNL jsvsYb sp, zfmvf spb
mdrtfslv dbje kfslv öfmDslv dhbf zbcmdksk omb bf jdv.« (n}dk} 2230bQ)
zbcv™i sjfb iajfv sn¦eX hf ifvdI…mFX dÛÁm zKhf ifWFfv hAhrfv jsv hfƒsv
icv¢Nslv n©mcsJ (ilGfv nfsK rstW) pfWqf hAdHyfsvv dbjehkGD rWqfv ˆj
HCdmjf. spsrkc pchsjv iahdx Ù ˆƒ sp, mdrtfv dbje rsk ncoá sist kfv spZb-
sykbf …sÙubfq idvBk rq. pfv ubAƒ nQõfvj bhD  hstb, ªiaskAj y[cƒ
hAdHyfvD. zfv vmBD pdl ncodá hAhrfv jsv sjfb (icv¢sNv) mudtsnv ifw dlsq
ifv rsq pfq kfrst sn ˆj shwAf.« (ndk} 2237bQ)
ˆmb dj ˆƒ zh²¿fq bfmfspv ubA spskW dbdNÝ. (nuf} 2702bQ) diaq bhD 
hstb, ªsp mdrtf sn¦eX hAhrfv jsv mndusl pfq, snƒ mdrtfv sofnt bf jvf ipG§À
sjfb bfmfp jhct rsh bf.« (nuf} 2703bQ)
sjfb omA icv¢sNv ndrk mdrtfv iaotXHkfv nfsK djQhf smfrbDq jsØ nQtfi W
jsKfijKb jvfW hAdHyfsvv dbjehkDGjfvD iKnmCsrv zbAkm dYlaiK. ˆ
dhiÏbj dhNsq nfhLfb jsv zfïfr kf'zftf mdrtfslv …sÜswA hstb, ªpdl
skfmvf zfïfrsj Hq jv ksh ivicv¢Nslv nfsK sjfmt jsØ ˆmbHfsh jKf hstf
bf, pfsk hAfdLo»²À z§Àsvv mfbcN iatcé rq.« (jc} 33/32)
ˆƒ ubAƒ ƒmfm Hct jvst icv¢N mcÙÁflDvf knhDr hst n¹vB jvfsh, zfv mdrtfvf
rfkkfdtv wsè, knhDr hstW bq! pfsk bfvDv jØösv jkj icv¢sNv msb
spZbfbcHCdk ufoak bf rsq …sE. nckvfQ bfvD-jsØv ofb kKf zw½Dt ofb sp dj, kf
v¢dywDt mfbcNslv dbje nrsu zbcsmq.
ˆmb hù rkHfoD mdrtf zfsY pfvf öfmDv ndrk jjGwösv jKf hst dj§Â sjfb
…irfsnv ifsÛv (?) ndrk smfrb-nCsv nQtfi W …irfn jsv. ˆvf dbÇyqƒ
ivjfstW rkHfoD.
klbcv™i shofbf bfvDv ndrk mcnfIfrf ShL bq. rfsk smfuf, l²Àfbf hf jfisVv
jHfv svsJW bq. jfmmsb rst kf rfskv hAdHyfv. (nuf} 4126bQ) jvkt sysi Lvf
ˆhQ ncvncdv slWqfW rt kfv ƒdÌk! sjfb omA bfvDv slr ±iwG, hfsn-seºsb, rfse-
hfufsv, õcst-jstsu iaHxdk s[sÛ ofsq of tfdosq ytf hf hnf, bfvD-icv¢sNv mAfy
sJtf W slJf iaHxdk ƒntfsm rfvfm. jfvB, ˆ nhocdtW zShL spZbfyfsvv nrfqj.
nmfu nQõfvj bhD  hstb, ªsjfb hAdÙÁv mfKfq stZr ncy äfvf sJ]fyf pfWqf
Hfstf, khcW sp bfvD kfv ubA zShL kfsj ±iwG jvf Hfstf bq.« (dnn} 226 bQ)
hfƒsv shv rsq vmBDv vmBDq, smfrbDq W snZ¦lpG-ohGubj yit mLcv ytbW
hAdHyfv W spZb …sÙubfv nrfqj jmG. ˆvf snƒ bfvD pfslv iansÌ bhD 
hstsYb, ªkfvf icv¢Nsj zfjxó jsv ˆhQ dbsuvfW zfjxó rq; kfvf ufrfâfmD.«
(mc}, dm} 3524bQ, Ifmc 19-20ix})
zbcv™i JeXJeX wèdhdwó ucskf dbsq yeXise ytb, slsrv ztËfv spmb ycdV,
Jc]ejfde, bcicv, skfvf iaHxdkv hfubf hfdusq tfnAmq ytbW pchsjv msb spZb-
zfs¦lftb zfsb. nckvfQ ˆ jmG sp rfvfm kf htfƒ hfùtA. zfïfr kf'zftf hstb,
ªkfvf spb kfslv sofib zfHvB iajfswv …sÜswA nsufsv ils[i bf jsv----.«
(jc} 24/31)
spmb isK ytfv nmq isKv mfsU ytf bfvDv ubA ShL bq. (dnn} 856bQ)
mdrtfslv ubA öoxsr sofntJfbf (hfKv¢m) jvf Wqfsuh (dnsms¦ev rWqf uv¢vD
bq) ˆhQ I]fjf icjcsv, blDsk, UBGfq, nmclakDsv hf nfLfvB sofntJfbfq sofnt jvf
kfslv ubA rfvfm. spsrkc nmfu-dhÎfbD bhD  hstsYb, ªsp bfvD öoxr, öfmDoxr
hf mfsqv hfdV YfVf zbA ²¿fsb dbsuv ilGf vfsJ (jfiV sJfst) zfïfr kfv ilGf W
tÏfwDtkfsj dhlDBG jsv slb. (zKhf sn dbsu jsv slq.) (nuf} 2708bQ, zfdp}139ix})
ªsp hAdÙÁ zfïfrsk W ivjfst dhÇhfn vfsJ sn spb kfv ²ÃDsj nfLfvB
sofntJfbfq spsk bf slq.« (rf}, zf}, dk}, bf}, zfdp} 139ix})
öoxr sYsV ivjDq oxsr hfn, hfáhD hf hfáhDv öfmDv hfdVsk vfdÛhfn ƒkAfdlW
dhiÏbj hAdHyfsvv dYlaiK. bhD nfïfïfù zftfƒdr znfïfm hstsYb, ªsp mdrtf
dbsuv öfmDoxr YfVf zbA oxsr dbsuv jfiV sJfst sn zfïfr zfpXpf zufïf W kfv
dbsuv mfsU ilGf dhlDBG jsv sIst.« (nuf} 2710bQ)
ˆjƒ jfvsB zisvv tÏf²¿fb (bfdH rsk r]fec ipG§À ²¿fb) slJf ˆhQ ˆjƒ
jfisV icv¢sN-icv¢sN hf mdrtfq-mdrtfq wqb jvfW dbdNÝ. (n}dk} 2243bQ)
iv icv¢sNv lxdósk mdrtfv nhGwvDv tÏf²¿fb. dhswN jsv y[c ˆmb ˆj zÌ pfv
äfvf dhidÙv nCybf rq. syfJfsyfdJ sKsj wcv¢ rq, dj§Â swN rq otfodtsk. ˆƒ sYfÕ
zÌfv ecjvf sKsjƒ nCÛifk rq nhGo»fnD hV zdo´jfsàv. lxdóv jKfƒ jdh hstb,
ªzf]dJ W skf zf]dJ bsr, hf]jf Ycdv sof
sj ufsb sn jfv mb jsv ycdv sof!«
siam uosk y[c jKf h'st ˆmb dhNq hcdUsq Kfsj pf dur¶f iajfw jvsk z[m.
syfsJv sjfsBƒ zfsY pflcv svJf.
ªbqbf ˆJfsb pflc ufsb nJf ˆj zf]dJ ƒwfvfq
t[ pcsov mrf-kinAf sjfKfq …dhqf pfq!«
`buvhfb' smsv zsbsj zsbjsj Ofsqt jsv Kfsj. syfvf yfrdbsk zsbsjƒ
hcdUsq Kfsj sofib iaBsqv nC[¹ ƒdÌk.
ª--sofib diaqfv ydjk yfrdb; Yt jsv slJf zbcJb,
--yit smsqv Hfstfhfnf kfv j]fjb ycdVv jbXjbX.«
nckvfQ ˆ lxdó hV nfQOfdkj dhidÙ. pfv ubAƒ zfïfrifj hstb, ªmcdmb
icv¢Nslvsj ht, kfvf spb kfslv lxdósj nQpk vfsJ (buv Ucdjsq yst) ˆhQ
kfslv spZbfÌsj nfhLfsb nQpk vfsJ; ˆdeƒ kfslv ubA …Ùm. Wvf pf jsv, zfïfr
sn dhNsq zhdrk. zfv mcdmb bfvDslvsj ht, kfvfW spb dbsuslv lxdósj nQpk
vfsJ W tÏf²¿fb nQv[f jsv---.« (jc} 24/ 30-31)
diaq bhD  hstb, ª(sjfb vmBDv …iv skfmfv lxdó iVst kfv iadk) hfvhfv
lxjXifk jsvf bf. hvQ buv nk¶v dIdvsq dbW.« (n}dk} 2228, 2229bQ) spsrkc
ªy[cW hAdHyfv jsv ˆhQ kfv hAdHyfv rt (jfm)lxdó.«(hc}, mc}, dm} 86bQ)
nckvfQ ˆ lxdósj Ydh sKsjW nQpk jvsk rsh ˆhQ ivicv¢N sKsj zfVfst vfJsk
rsh. pfsk ˆjrfsk kfdt dbÇyqƒ hfush bf. zfv ˆƒ hV dhil nxdójfvD zÌ
syfJde Kfsj syrfvfq. syfJfsyfdJ pfsk bf rq kfƒ skf bfvDv ubA uv¢vD kfv
syrfvfsjW sofib jvf.
zkA§À nJDsk¶v Jfdksv rstW dhbf ilGfq nJDsk-nJDsk lxP zfdtÌb W ˆsj
zivsj dbu dbu snZ¦lpG ialwGb jvf ShL bq. jfvB ˆsk nfLfvBk} iaskAj nJD
kfv nJDv slr-snZôh dbsuv öfmDv dbje hBGbf jvst öfmD msbv ilGfq kfv ²ÃDv ‰
nJDv dht[B v™i-lxwA dbsq msbfkxdå tfH jsv Kfsj. (n}dk} 2243bQ) rqskf hf
msbv zts[Aƒ ˆƒ icv¢N kfv r™lsqv sjfb sjfsB ‰ mdrtfv ubA zfnb sisk
slq. zfv ivhkGDsk kfsj slJfv W jfsY ifWqfv mk hfnbfW ufo»k jsv skfst.
sbfQvf iÛ-idÛjf ifE, zw½Dt dI¾m W dKsqefv-pfÛf lwGbW ˆjƒ ipGfsqv; pfsk
L¶Qn rq kv¢B-kv¢BDv ydvÛ, sbfQvf rsq …sE idvshw.
öfmD-²ÃDv dmtb-vrnA iaHxdk ufbfv ubA ndEj nmq rt dhhfsrv iv zKhf
dhhfsrv ifjf dlb rWqfv iv. bsy{ ˆv iCshG vdk hf jfmwf²Ã ifE jsv dhhfsr slvD
rst dmtbkxòf sp ipGfsq si]ZYfq kfsk dhidÙ sp sjfb nmsq Oesk ifsv.
jfsvf v™i, äDblfvD iaHxdkv iawQnf wcsb kfsj msb msb Hfstfshsn sItf lCNBDq
bq. kfsj sisk ShL …ifq iasqfo jvf ˆhQ dhhfr-hásb zfhÝ jsv ncsJv nQnfv
oVf …Ùm. dj§Â zShLHfsh kfsj slJf, ifWqf, kfv jKf swfbf W kfv nfdâLAtfsHv
syóf jvf zhwAƒ nDmftQOb. zShL háck¶ W iaBsq isV sedtsIfsb nQtfi W
nf[f{ iaHxdk ƒntfsm rfvfm.
pchj-pchkDv ‰ ocå Hfstfhfnf skf sjht djYc Sldrj ncJ tcefv ubA. pfv
wcv¢skW ys[ zwa¢ Usv ˆhQ swsNW. ksh wcv¢sk Usv zfb¦lfwa¢, zfv swsN …si[f
W tfÒbfv. jfvB, `jie siam tcsjfycdv, mcsJ mLc, r™sl Ycdv'ƒ zdLjfQw rq. ˆsk
kv¢BD hcUsk ifsv bf sp, siadmj kfv dbje sKsj spZbkxdå tfH j'sv kfsj dhbó
j'sv ycƒQofsmv mk dmókf ycsN dbsq swsN zfEft ilfKGdesj Y]csV sIst slsh.
ªhác sof spW Hcst-
iaHfsk sp rsh hfdn, náAfq svsJf bf sn Ict kcst.
…ihsb kh sIfse sp softfi iaHfskƒ kcdm ufdo,
ufdb, kfv jfsY pfW wcLc kfv oá-ncNmf tfdo.«
nckvfQ ˆ dhNsq nkjG rWqf …dyk mcndtm kv¢BDsj ˆhQ kfv zdHHfhjsjW.
jfvB, `hfdtv hf]L, wsEv iaDdk, ˆ lcsqv ˆjƒ vDdk.'
ilGf
hAdHyfsvv dYlaiK há jvfv zfv ˆj …ifq rt ilGf. vmBDv slr-snZôh
iajxdkokHfshƒ vmBDq. jfdmbDv v™itfhBA ˆhQ klcidv kfv zÌvfo hV jmbDq;
pf icv¢sNv jfmfbt iau¶dtk jsv. kfƒ icv¢sNv lxdóv z§Àvfst sKsj dbsuv mfb W
mpGflf v[f jvsk bfvD ufdkv iadk nxdójkGf zfïfrv ˆƒ dhLfb ˆt. ˆƒ ubAƒ
sjfb omA (pfv ndrk bfvDv sjfbW nmsq dhhfr ShL rsk ifsv ˆmb) icv¢sNv
lxdósk kfv snZ¦lpG W tfhBA iajfw jvsk ifsv bf. i[f§Àsv pfv ndrk bfvDv
sjfbW jfst dhhfr ShL bq ˆmb icv¢sNv ndrk slJf-nf[f{ jvsk ifsv. jfvB
ˆslv lxdósk jfm Kfsj bf. zfv pfslv Kfsj kfvf mfbcN bq, iwc. (jfslv ndrk
sjfbW jfst dhhfr ShL bq kfslv jKf isv zfstfdyk rsh.) zbcv™i bfvDv v™i
dhNsq zÎ hftj, spZbjfmbfrDb icv¢N ˆhQ zdLjfvHcÙÁ ÛÁDklfsnv ndrk mdrtf
slJf-nf[f{ jvsk ifsv.
ilGfv hAfifsv zfïfrv nfLfvB dbslGw}-
ª(sr bfvD ufdk!) skfmvf öoxsr zh²¿fb jv ˆhQ iafjX-ƒntfmD (ufsrdtqfkD)
pcsov mk dbsuslvsj ialwGb jsv shdVW bf.« (jc} 33/33)
ªsr bhD! kcdm skfmfv ²ÃD, jbAf W mcndtm vmBDoBsj ht, kfvf spb kfslv
yflsvv djqlQw dbsuslv (mcJmàstv) …iv sesb sbq. ˆsk (ÛÁDklfnD sKsj)
kfslvsj sybf nrukv rsh; Ist kfslvsj …kAÙÁ jvf rsh bf. (t©ievf
kfslvsj …kAÙÁ jvsh bf.)« (jc} 33/59)
ªmcdmb bfvDslvsj ht, kfvf spb dbsuslv lxdó nQpk jsv W tÏf²¿fb drIfpk
jsv ˆhQ pf iajfw ifq kf YfVf kfslv (zbAfbA) zfHvB ialwGb bf jsv, kfslv
oaDhf W h[slw spb mfKfv jfiV (…Vbf zKhf yflv) äfvf zfhxk jsv. (jc} 24/31)
ª(sr icv¢NoB!) skfmvf kfslv (bfvDslv) dbje rsk djYc yfƒst ilGfv z§Àvft rsk
yfƒsh. ˆ dhLfb skfmfslv ˆhQ kfslv r™lsqv ubA zdLjkv idhÛ.« (jc} 33/53)
nckvfQ mcndtm bfvDv dbje ilGf}-
zfïfr W klDq vnCstv zfbcokA.
ilGf, siam W ydvsÛv idhÛkf, zbfdhtkf W db°jtËkf.
ilGf, bfvDv bfvDk¶, nkDv nkDk¶, ním W mpGflf.
ilGf, tÏfwDtkf, z§ÀmGfLcpG W nlfyfdvkf.
ilGf, mfbhv™iD wqkfsbv lxdó sKsj v[fjhy.
ilGf, ƒÏk drIfpk jsv, zShL iaBq, LNGB, zw½Dtkf W hAdHyfv lCv jsv, bfvDv
mfb W mCtA v[f jsv. dudbn lfmD W mCtAhfb rstƒ kfsj sofisb tcdjsq vfJf rq.
psÛksÛ j]fy ifWqf pfq hstƒ kfv sjfb jlv sbƒ. dj§Â jfÑb ifWqf pfq bf
hstƒ kfv hV jlv. ilGfbwDb bfvD j]fy bq; hvQ jfÑb, ncvd[k mcÙÁf.
ilGf,bfvDsj jfsIv W ÛÁDklfnD sKsj hfYfƒ jsv níf§Àf mcndtm bfvDv™si dydrÁk jsv.
ilGf, zfïfrv oph W ufrfâfsmv zfocb sKsj ilGf.
bfvDslv iaLfb wÛ¢ kfv snZ¦lpG W spZhb. zfv ilGf kfv tftsjïf.
ƒntfsmv ncnHA lxdósk bfvDv ilGf W nHA sthfsnv jsqjde wkG
db©bv™i }-
1- mcndtm mdrtf sp sifwfj hAhrfv jvsh kfsk spb ilGf ifWqf pfq; zKGf{ snƒ
sifwfj spb kfv nfvf slrsj zfhxk jsv. nckvfQ sp sthfsn bfvDv sjwlfm, oaDhf,
h[slw, …lv W ixôslw (spmb, wfdV W Jfsef h½f…su) ˆhQ r]fec W ufQ (spmb,
õAfeXG, Ofovf, I¼jX ƒkAfdlsk) iajfdwk Kfsj kf (nfLfvBk} omA icv¢Nslv n©mcsJ)
idvLfb jvf rfvfm.
2- ˆƒ sthfn spb snZ¦lpGmq W lxdó-zfjNGD bf rq. nckvfQ jfmlfv (ˆmh»qFfdv
jvf) yjysj vdMb shfvjfW ivf ShL bq.
3- ˆmb ifktf bf rq pfsk dHksvv yfmVfv vM busv zfsn. zkˆh ifktf
wfdV, …Vbf iaHxdk mcndtm mdrtfv sF»n bq. diaq bhD  hstb, ªlcƒ swaBDv mfbcN
ufrfâfsmv zdLhfnD; pfslvsj zfdm sldJdb. (kfvf HdhNAsk zfnsh.) i»Km sw»BD
(zkAfyfvDv lt) pfslv nsÌ Kfjsh ov¢v stsuv mk yfhcj, pÜ¶fvf kfvf stfjsj
iarfv jvsh. zfv däkDq sw»BD rt snƒ bfvDlt; pfvf jfiV skf idvLfb jvsh, dj§Â
kfvf h²Âk} …tÌ Kfjsh, pfvf icv¢Nslv zfjxó jvsh ˆhQ dbsuvfW kfslv iadk
zfjxó rsh, pfslv m²Àj (sJ]fif h]fLfv jfvsB) …]sev drst pfWqf j]csuv mk rsh.
kfvf ufâfsk iashw jvsh bf, kfv oáW ifsh bf. zKy ufâfskv ncoá ˆk ˆk
lCvhkDG ²¿fb sKsjW ifWqf pfsh.« (mc},hf},zf},dnn} 1326bQ)
4- ˆmb efƒeXdIe hf zf]e-n]fe bf rq pfsk slrfsÌv …¤ykf W bDykf ˆhQ zfjfv
W zfjxdk jfisVv …isvW hcUf pfq. kfƒ ˆmb yc²ÀX W IAfwsbv sthfn mcndtm
vmBD idvLfb jvsk ifsv bf, pfsk kfv ncsFZt ²Àbpcot, nc…¤y dbkì, nv¢ sjfmv
iaHxdkv zfjfv iajfw ifq.
efƒeXdIe ƒkAfdl sthfn sp hV dIkbf nxdójfvD W rfvfm kf dhdHâ stFDn z§ÀhGfn
sjf©ifbDv bfmƒ nf[A slq. spmb, Look me, Take me, Follow me, Buy
me, Touch me, Kiss me iaHxdk. zhwA sp mdrtfvf ˆƒ Lvsbv shstïfibf
sifwfj isv dbsuslvsj i»lwGb jsv shVfq, kfslv mbW ‰ jKfƒ hst.
5- ˆƒ sthfn spb icv¢Nslv zbcjxk hf zbcv™i bf rq. nckvfQ iAf¦e, wfeG iaHxdk
icv¢Nslv mk sifwfj sjfb mcndtm mdrtf hAhrfv jvsk ifsv bf. spsrkc
ªicv¢Nslv shwLfdvBD bfvDslv …iv zfïfrv zdHwfi Kfsj.«(hc}, dm} 4428-4429bQ)
6- klbcv™i kf spb jfsIv mdrtfslv zbcjxk hf zbcv™i bf rq.
iajfw sp, dTst mAfdÆ W swstfqfv jfmDn ˆhQ kfv …iv zö¤Y yflv hf …Vbf; pf
mfKfv sjw, h[²¿t ƒkAfdl zf¤Yfdlk jsv kf mcndtm vmBDv sthfn. sjhtmfÛ
swstfqfv jfmDn hf mAfdÆ zKhf kfv …iv hs[ W oaDhfq KfjX hf Hf]u jvf …Vbfv
sthfn jfsIv mdrtfslv. zbcv™i wfdV pdl nhGwvDvsj sTsj sbq ksh mcndtmslv;
bsy{ KfjX jsv hcsj yfifsbf Kfjst kKf sjwlfm W sie-diE iajfw jsv vfJst kf
zmcndtm mdrtfslv sthfn. zfv diaq bhD  hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ sp ufdkv zbcjvB
jvsh, sn snƒ ufdkv ltHcÙÁ.« (zflf}, nuf} 6149bQ)
7- ˆƒ sifwfj spb u]fjumj W zfVìviCBG kKf iadndÝubj bf rq. (zf}, zflf}, ƒmf}, dm} 4346bQ)
8- sthfn spb ncodák hf ncvdHk bf rq. iCshGƒ htf rsqsY sp, sp bfvD ncodá
YdVsq stfjftsq pfq, sn shwAf bfvD.
iajfw sp, bfvDslsr spZhsbv dyrÁ slJf slWqf mfÛƒ ˆƒ wskGv sifwfj ivf
Wqfsuh. (zfdp}177ix}, zfIfƒ 13-18ix}, mfmfmc} 58-59ix})
jfsj sjfbX zÌ slJfsbf ytsh

öfmD-²ÃDv mfsU sjfb ilGf sbƒ …Hsqƒ ˆj zisvv sifwfj. (jc} 2/287) …Hsqƒ
…Hsqv nhGfÌ slJsk ifsv. ksh nhGlf bo´ sifwfsj Kfjf …dyk bq.(Im} 54ix}, mfmc}
239ix})
mf-shefv mfsU ilGf W sofibDq sjht bfdH rsk rf]ec ipG§À.
zbAfbA dbjefk¹Dq; pfslv ndrk dyvjfstv ubA dhhfr rfvfm kfslv nfmsb ilGf
W sofibDq rt otf sKsj rf]ec ipG§À. (I…} 2/774) zhwA sjfb ydvÛrDb ôfbf
icv¢sNv jKfq hf HfhHdÌsk zw½Dtkf W jfmHfh hcUst, mdrtf kfv dbjseW pKf
n©Hh zbAfbA zÌW ilGf jvsh. (I…} 2/850)
mdrtfv nfmsb mdrtfv ilGf bfdH sKsj rf]ec ipG§À. mdrtf jfsIv rst kfv nfmsb
rfk W syrfvf YfVf zbAfbA zÌ sJftf ShL bq. spmb, sjfb sbfQvf hAdHyfdvBD
smsqv nfmsbW dbsuv snZ¦lpG iajfw jvf …dyk bq. zbcv™i ˆmb sjfb mdrtfv
nfmsbW slrsnZôh sJftf dbdNÝ; sp kfv sjfb hác hf öfmDv dbje zbA mdrtfv
v™iyyGf jsv hst ufbf pfq hf zfwËf rq. ˆmb mdrtfv ndrk mcndtm mdrtfv
nJDk¶ hf háck¶W ShL bq. (I…} 2/841)
mf-hfsiv yfyf W mfmf, smsqv yfyf W mfmf ˆhQ mfrvfm. nckvfQ yfyfskf lfslf hf
bfbfv nfmsb ilGf otf sKsj rf]ec ipG§À. (I…} 2/771)
kftfsjv iv ƒÜk ifv rsq sost ‰ öfmD ˆƒ ²ÃDv ubA shofbf rsq pfq. nckvfQ
kfv dbjse ilGf Wqfsuh. kfv sYst slJsk ˆst sjfb zÌ ‰ icv¢Nsj slJfsh bf.
ifdtk icÛ sKsj iftdqÛD mfsqv ˆhQ iftdqkf hfi sKsj ifdtkf jbAfv ilGf
Wqfsuh. iajfw sp, ƒntfsm ˆ Lvsbv iaKfv sjfb zbcmdk sbƒ.
zbcv™i ifkfsbf Hfƒ shfb, mf-shef, hfi-shdev mfsU, iDv Hfƒ-shfb (?) dhqfƒ-
dhqfb W hácv öfmD hf ²ÃDv mfsU ilGf Wqfsuh. pdlW kfslv ydvÛ dIdvñfv mk rq
khcW slJf slWqf rfvfm. ilGf rsh zfïfrv Hsq kf]v zfbcoskAv …sÜswA. mfbcsNv
Hsq hf stfj ialwGsbv ubA bq. ˆsk mfbcsNv ydvÛ W n©mfb dhyfpG bq. nckvfQ
t©ie, bfvDhfu, ivsrpofv, smZthD nfsrh iaHxdk ilGfq njstƒ nmfb. zfïfrv
Ivp mfbsk sjfb iajfsvv stZdjjkf W nfmfdujkfv sJqft zKhf jfsvf
msbfvÓsbv sJqft dbÇyq ShL bq.
lxdórDb zá icv¢sNv nfmsb ilGf sbƒ. zhwA mdrtfsj ‰ icv¢N sKsj lxdó nQpk
jvsk rsh. (Im} 72ix})
ixKj mdrtf dw[f-iadkôfb bf Kfjst shilGfq sYstslv ndrk ifwfifdw hsn
dw[f oarB ShL bq. öfmD-nQnfv …sÜwA rst hfdVsk hsn dhdHâ ÎfboHG hƒ-ic²Àj
iVf ˆhQ äDb-nQnfv dwJfv dw[fƒ psKó. zbAfbA dw[fv iasqfusb pKfn©Hh
ilGfv nfsK dwJsk rsh. ilGfv syóf bf jsv oÖfdtjf iahfsr of Hfdnsq dlst
zhwAƒ smsq-zdHHfhj njstƒ ifiD rsh. (Im} 84ix})
dydj{nfv iasqfusb mdrtfv ubA FfÙÁfv sJ]fuf Wqfsuh. stFD FfÙÁfv bf sist
zKhf pKfdhdrk dydj{nf kfv dbje bf rst hfLA rsq icv¢N FfÙÁfsvv dbje spsk
ifsv. ksh wkG rt mdrtfv ndrk kfv öfmD zKhf sjfb mfrvfm Kfjsh. ˆjfdjbD
FfÙÁfv-v¢sm pfsh bf. iv§Â FfÙÁfvsj sjht snƒ zÌ slJfsh, sp zÌ slJfsbf
iasqfub. tÏf²¿fb slJstW zbAfbA zÌ slJfsbf ziasqfusb ShL rsh bf. (vfJc}
105-106ix}) mrfb zfïfr hstb, ªskfmvf zfïfrsj pKfn©Hh Hq jv.« (nfLAmk
Hq jvfv syóf jv.) (jc} 64/16)
ˆjfdjbD rstW bfmfsp zflshv sthfn uv¢vD. ˆƒ nmq sjht syrfvf W rfk
Jcst vfJf pfsh. wfdV isv hfù-sie-diE-yct shv rsq sost bfmfp rq bf. spmb,
n©mcsJ shofbf icv¢N Kfjst syrfvfW Tfjsk rsh. (djlf} 2/94)
swstfqfv-jfdmn hf mAfdÆsk bfmfp iVst yflv uv¢vD. jcvzfb wvDI iVsk dosq
mfKf Jcst sost [dk sbƒ. ˆsk WpcW bó rq bf. (Im} 37, mh} 15/284)
ªhxÝf bfvD; pfvf dhhfsrv zfwf vfsJ bf, kfvf kfslv snZ¦lpG ialwGb bf jsv pdl
hdrhfGn Jcst vfsJ kfrst kf slfsNv bq. ksh ilGfq Kfjfefƒ kfslv ubA …Ùm.«
(jc} 24/60) spsrkc jfbf shocsbv sFfotf JsÜvW hkGmfb.
ilGfq Kfjst hfdVv stfj EfÕf jvst ˆhQ sjfb iajfv zKhf nhGiajfv nrfqkf bf
jvst mdrtfv …dyk pKfn©Hh dbsu dbsu ilGf jvf. ˆ s[sÛ rft sYsV hnf ShL
bq. jt-ifqJfbf sbƒ hst Wuv oarBspfoA bq. öfmD ilGfq Kfjsk bf dlst syófv
ivW pdl ˆjf§À dbv¢ifq rsq shilGf rsk rq khcW pKfnfLA dbsusj nQpk W
zfhxk jvsh. zfïfr ˆ syófv z§Àv slJshb. pfvf nrfqkf jsv bf hf hfLf slq
kfslv ifi kfslv …iv.
i[f§Àsv shofbf icv¢N slsJ Ov Tcjst hf mcJ Tfjst pfvf rfnfrfdn jsv, hAÌ-
dhla™i jsv, jef[ rfsb zKhf znmDyDb m§ÀhA jsv hf denX mfsv, wvqD ilGf dbsq
pfvf …irfn jsv kfvf jfsIv. ˆƒ ilGfbwDb mdrtfvf jft djqfmsk ‰
…irfnjfvDslv -sj slsJ rfnsh. (vfjfdb 60ix}, Im} 76ix})
nckvfQ mcdmb bfvDv lc}J jvf …dyk bq, ˆjfdjbD rstW mb sYfe jvf nmDyDb
bq. nskAv uq zhLfdvk, zfu zKhf jft. mvsk njtsjƒ rsh, iadkIt
njstƒ ifsh.
`msv bf msv bf jHc nkA pfrf, wk wkfèDv dh±mxdkv kst
bfdr msv …si[fq, zimfsb rq bf yÑt, zfOfsk bf est.'
ilGfq Kfjfv ubA slWv-Hvf nQnfv sKsj ixKj rsq zftflf Ov hfdV jvfv ubA
²ÃD pdl kfv öfmDsj kfjDl jsv ksh kf öfmDv mfbf …dyk; hvQ dbsu sKsjƒ rWqf
…dyk. dhswN jsv kfv Hfƒvf pdl zn{ iajxdkv rq. ƒntfsm êf uv¢vD bq sp,
dyvdlb Hfƒ-Hfƒ dmst ˆjƒ nQnfsv Kfjsk rsh. pf uv¢vD kf rt, zfïfrv äDb
dbsuslv uDhb W idvshsw jfsqm jvf, zfsifsN ëfkxk¶-shfL W nrfqkf-nrfbcHCdk
vfJf. njst dmst dikf-mfkfv pKfnfLA snhf jvf. dj§Â rfqsv! zfïfrsk siam W
dhsäN jvsk dosq mfbcsNv mfsU mfbcNsj lcwmb rsk rq. rfvfsk rq ˆjf§À
zfibsj. spsrkc, zfïfrv sysq zdLj zfib zfv sj?
ilfG dbsuv jfsY bq. sjfb ƒ]lcv dbsuv syfJ há jsv pdl msb jsv sp, sn nm²À
dhVft sKsj dbvfil ksh ˆ kfv shfjfmD bq dj? sk]kct slsJ mcsJ ifdb zfnf
mfbcsNv ˆj iajxdkok lclGm öHfh. zbcv™i bfvDv snZ¦lpG slsJ hlXsJqft W jcdy§Àf
zfnfW mfbcsNv ubA öfHfdhj. zkˆh rfk, syfJ W mcsJv nfmsb sk]kct Kfjst,
sk]kcstv ej oá bfsj ˆsn iashw jvst dush ifdb zfnfsj sj… dj v¢jsk
ifvsh? ilGf bf jsv dj jfmstftcikf W hAdHyfsvv dYlaiK há jvf n©Hh?
bfvDv smfrbDqkf, jmbDqkf W msbfrfdvk¶ tcdjsq Kfsj kfv tÏfwDtkfq. diaq
bhD  hstb, ªzw½Dtkf hf dbtGÏkf sp dhNsq Kfsj, sn dhNqsj kf snZ¦lpGrDb
jsv sIst; i[f§Àsv tÏfwDtkf sp dhNsq Kfsj, sn dhNqsj kf snZ¦lpGmq W
msbfrv jsv skfst.« (n}dk} 1607bQ, ƒmf})
nHA sthfsnv ilGf sKsj shv rWqf bfvD-öfLDbkfv pcso ilGf hV dhvt. ˆv mCt
jfvB rt tÏfrDbkf. sjbbf, tÏfwDtkf bfvDv HCNB. HCNB rfdvsq bfvD kfv
hnbW rfdvsqsY. äDbD nQpm sbƒ bfvD W kfv zdHHfhsjv msb. iv§Â nQpsmv
háb ˆjhfv dhd¤Yâ rsq sost …Üfm-…¤Yx£Jtkf hbAfv mk iahfdrk rq. kfsk
nQõfv, dw[f, ydvÛ, nhƒ zbfqfsn sHsn pfq. swsN tÏfW zfv Kfsj bf. hvQ ˆƒ
tÏfrDbkfƒ ˆj bkcb ÌAfwb' v™si `nHA' W `zfstfj iafå' bfsm ncidvdydk
tfH jsv. nkAƒ skf, hot-jfef h½f…u W Yf]ef yct bf rst dj nHA bfvD rWqf pfq?
zfLf h[}²¿t, H]cdVv H]fu W ufQ i»Hxdk sofib zsÌ dlsbv zfstf bf sist dj
`zfstfj i»fåf' rWqf pfq?!
htfƒ hfùtA sp, mcndtm bfvD-dw[fv `ncshr nfslj' yfq, bfvD-slsrv bq. mcndtm
bfvD-dhsäND bq, bfvD-dw[fv lcwmbW bq. mcndtm shilGf kKf zw½Dtkf W
hAdHyfsvv lcwmb. dw[f, iaodk, Sbdkjkf kKf ilGf nhƒ mcndtsmv jfmA. zfv ilGf
iaodkv iK zhsvfL jvsk yfq bf; yfq shstïfibf W bo´kfv iK v¢Ý jvsk.
i[f§Àsv ilGfrDbkf; zfïfr W kf]v vnCstv zhfLAkf.
ilGfrDbkf; bo´kf, znHAkf, zw½Dtkf, tÏfrDbkf, „NGfrDbkf W Lxókf.
ilGfrDbkf; nfQnfdvj zwfd§À, LNGB, zirvB, hAdHyfv iaHxdkv dYûiK.
ilGfrDbkf; spZb …sÙubfv nrfqj. mfbhv™iD wqkfbslv y[cwDktjfvD.
ilGfrDbkf; lc°jxkDslv bqbfdHvfm.
ilGfrDbkf; sjht LmGDq wx£Jt sKsj bfvD-öfLDbkf bq, hvQ nHA idv¤Yslv
sOvfsefi sKsj bfvDv snZ¦lpG iajfw W slrmcdÙÁv bfmf§Àv.
ilGfrDbkf; djqfmskv jfdtmf W zájfv.
ilGfrDbkf; dhufkDq ƒhtDnD W ufsrdtqfdk iaKf. hvQ nHA pcsov ˆƒ bo´kf
slsJ ufsrdtqfskv ilGfrDbfvfW tÏf ifsh.
shilGfv ubA ufrfâfsmv zfocb sKsj sjfb ilGf sbƒ.
ianfLb W zÌnÏf
bfvDv v™imfLcvD W snZ¦lpGtfhBA bfvDv ohG. kfv ˆ v™i-spZhb nxdó rsqsY ˆjmfÛ
sjht kfv öfmDv ubA. öfmDsj sn v™i …irfv bf dlsk ifvst sjfb mCtAƒ Kfsj bf
bfvDv. ˆƒ v™i-spZhb öfmDsj …irfv dlsq jk sp zfb¦l, sn skf bfvDvfƒ ufsb.
nc¦lv zsÌv …iv zÌvfo dlsq zfsvf msbfrfvD W stfHbDq jsv öfmDsj …irfv
dlsq …Hsqƒ ivmfb¦l W iajxk lf©ikA-ncJ tcesk ifsv ifdKGh nQnfsv.
nckvfQ zÌ pfv ubA dbshdlk zÌvfoW kfv ubAƒ dbdlGó. öfmD hAkDk zbA
jfsvf ubA zÌnÏf jvf W kf ialwGb jvf ShL bq.
pcsov kfst kfst bfvDslv zÌvfo, smjzfi W ianfLb-nfmoaD zdkwq shsV
…sEsY. pfv rftft W rfvfm rWqfv jdóifKv rt ˆƒ sp, ‰ ianfLbûhA hAhrfsv
spb zsÌv hf k¶sjv sjfb [dk bf rq. ‰ ûshA spb sjfb i»jfv zShL hf zidhÛ
h²Â dmdwak bf Kfsj, kf spb dhufkDq mdrtfslv ShdwóA bf rq. (spmb dn¦lcv, dei
iaHxdk) ˆhQ kf spb shofbfv nfmsb iajfw bf ifq. (I…} 2/771)
nckvfQ wvDqskv nDmfv mfsU sKsj bfvD sp sjfb ianfLb sjht öfmDv mb
zfjNGsBv ubA hAhrfv jvsk ifsv. idvLfb jvsk ifsv sp sjfb sifwfj kfv
nfmsb, sjht kfsjƒ Hfstf tfofsbfv ubA. ˆƒ nfu-nÏfskW tcdjsq Kfsj
Hfstfhfnfv vrnA. i[f§Àsv ²ÃD pdl öfmDv ubA zÌnÏf bf jsv; iv§Â hfƒsv sost
hf zfv jfsvf ubA ianfLb jsv, ksh dbÇyqƒ sn bfvD siam-iajxdkv dhsvfLD. bsy{ sn
öfmDv siam W lxdó zfjNGBsj uv¢vD Hfsh bf. - ˆmb bfvD rkHfoD Sh dj? sn ufsb
bf sp, kfv dbsuv slfsN öfmD zbAfnÙÁ rsq iVsh.
efƒeXdIe ycñX sifwfj sjht öfmDv lxdó zfjNGsBv …sÜswA hfdVv dHkv idvLfb
ShL. zhwA sjfb ôfbf W mdrtfv nfmsb, ˆmb dj dikf-mfkf hf sYst-smsqslv
nfmsbW hAhrfv …dyk bq. (I…} 2/825)
sjht öfmDv lxdó zfjNGsBv ubA h»f hAhrfv ShL. zsbAv ubA sLfjfv …sÜswA kf
zShL. (Imfmc} 1/470)
sp sifwfsj zKhf ztËfsv sjfb iajfsvv mfbcN hf uDh-u§Âv Ydh zdËk Kfsj kf
hAhrfv jvf ShL bq. spsrkc ƒntfm Ydh W mCdkGv sOfv dhsvfLD. (Iƒu} 40ix})
sp sthfn hf ztËfsv ÛÁcw, w£J, niG hf zbAfbA sjfb dhufkDq LmGDq i»kDj dydÛk
Kfsj mcndtsmv ubA kfW hAhrfv jvf ShL bq. (Ifmcdb} 7ix})
db… smfsFt hf IAfwsbv idv¤Yl hAhrfv kJbƒ ShL, pJb kf ilGfv jfu slsh
ˆhQ kfsk sjfb drsvf-drsvfƒb hf jfsIvslv zbcjvB rsh bf. (Ifmcdb} 12ix})
õAfeG-h½f…u hf õAfeG-sodÓ mcndtm mdrtfv sF»n bq. hfdVsk ôfbfv nfmsb snƒ
sF»n ivf …dyk; pfsk otf sKsj ifsqv o]fe ipG§À ilGfq Kfsj. zfv (dhbf shfvjfq)
shofbfv nfmsb W hfƒsv sost skf db}ns¦lsr kf ivf rfvfm. (Ifmcdb} 21ix})
iAf¦e-wfeG mcndtmslv sF»n bq. djYc wskGv nfsK ivf ShL rstW mdrtfvf kf
hAhrfv jvsk ifsv bf; pdlW kf dTstTftf rq ˆhQ efƒedIe bf rq. ˆƒ ubA sp,
kf rt icv¢Nslv sF»n. zfv icv¢sNv shwLfdvBD bfvD zdHwåf. (Ifmcdb} 30-31ix})
sjwdhbAfsn mdrtfv dn]dK rsh mfKfv mfsU. ˆƒ zHAfsnv dhsvfdLkf jsv sn mfKfv
ˆj nfƒsF dn]dK jvsk ifsv bf.(I…}2/827) nfLfvBk} ˆ IAfwb äDblfv mdrtfslv bq.
shBD hf y]cde so]sK mfKf h]fLfƒ …Ùm. sJ]fif hf stfeb mfKfv …isv h]fLf zShL.
diYb dlsj OfsVv …iv pdl jfisVv …iv kfv …¤ykf W zfjfv busv zfsn ksh
kfW ShL bq. mdrtfv yct shwD hf tìf zfsY -ˆjKf spb ivicv¢sN zf¦lfu bf
jvsk ifsv. spsrkc bfvDv ncsjw ˆj snZ¦lpG; pf sjfb iajfsv shofbfv nfmsb iajfw
jvf rfvfm. (I…} 2/830, Im} 94ix})
diaq bhD  hstb, ªzfmfv swN pfmfbfv …©mskv msLA djYc ˆmb stfj rsh pfvf
Osvv mk dubX (smfev ofdV)sk nWqfv rsq mnduslv lvufq lvufq bfmsh. (ofdV
jsv bfmfp iVsk zfnsh.) zfv kfslv mdrtfvf rsh zLGbo´f; pfslv mfKf jxw …]sev
jc]suv mk (sJ]fif) rsh. skfmvf kfslvsj zdHwfi jsvf. jfvB, kfvf zdHwåf!«
(mczf} 2/223, ƒdr}, k¶fhf}, dnn} 2683bQ)
ˆ HdhNA{hfBD sp jk nkA kf htfv zsi[f vfsJ bf!
mfKfv Usv-ivf-sjw mfdesk i]csk sItf …Ùm. spsrkc dhswN jsv mdrtfv yct
…sïJspfoA lDOG rst kf pchjslv mb jfsV. iv§Â ‰ yct dbsq pflcW jvf pfq. kfƒ
spJfsb-snJfsb bf sItfƒ …dyk. (Im}99ix})
mdrtfv yct W sjwlfm zmCtA n©il, kf dhÛÁq jvf ShL bq.
mdrtfvf ycst sJpfh hf jtI hAhrfv jvsk ifsv. ksh jfstf vsMv jtI hAhrfv
rfvfm. hflfmD, snfbftD, tftsy iaHxdk jtI dlsq vMfsk ifsv. ksh kfsk spb
sjfb drsvfƒb hf jfsIv bfvDv zbcjvB hf shwLfvB …sÜwA bf rq.(Ifmcdb}25ix},kfmc}30ix})
snZ¦lspGv ubA nfmsbv djYc yct Y]fef zShL bq. ksh sjfb drsvfƒb hf jfsIv
mdrtfslv zbcjvB jsv kfslv mk zKhf icv¢Nslv mk jsv sY]se `nfLbf-jfe', hf
`drdæ-jfe' ƒkAfdl rfvfm. (I…} 2/826-831, Im} 107-111ix})
kfYfVf nclDOG sjwlfm ncsjdwbDv ˆj msbfstfHf snZ¦lpG, pf sY]se bó bf jvfƒ
…Ùm. (Imfmc} 2/512-515)
öfmDv lxdó zfjNGsBv …sÜswA - zsKGv ziyq bf rst - smdwb äfvf yct j]cyjfsbf
hf KfjXKfjX jvf ShL. (I…} 2/829) ksh kf sjfb icv¢N sntcsb zhwAƒ bq. mdrtf
sntcsb mdrtfv dbje ˆnh ShL. ksh ocåfsÌv stfm zfdl (ShÎfdbj iÝdksk)
idv°jfv jvsk sjfb mdrtfv jfsYW tÏf²¿fb sJftf ShL bq. (Ifmcdb} 13ix}, vfJc} 103ix})
jxdÛm yct hf ivyctf (sesnt) zfdl sjw shwD slJfhfv …sÜswA hAhrfv rfvfm,
öfmD yfƒstW kf mfKfq tfofsbf pfsh bf. diaq bhD  hstb, ªsp bfvD kfv mfKfq
ˆmb yct hfVdk tfofq pf kfv mfKfv bq, sn kfv mfKfq ufdtqfdk nQspfo jsv.«
(nuf} 2705bQ)
sp smsqvf mfKfq ivyctf tfdosq hV sJ]fif ialwGb jsv zfïfr vnCt  kfslv
…iv zdHn©ifk jsvsYb. (nuf} 5104bQ, I…} 2/829)
zhwA sjfb mdrtfv mfKfq pdl zfslZ yct bf Kfsj ksh ‰ Û¢de Tfjfv ubA kfv
is[ ivyctf hAhrfv ShL. (I…} 2/836, Im} 83ix})
ë™ sy]sY nv¢ yf]slv mk jsv snZ¦lpG zfbqb ShL bq. öfmD yfƒstW bq. spsrkc ë™
sY]Vf hf yf]Yfsk zfïfrv nxdósk idvhkGb jvf rq; pfsk k]fv zbcmdk sbƒ. kfYfVf
bhD  ˆmb smsqslvsjW zdHwfi jsvsYb. (nuf} 5104bQ, Im} 72,94ix}) zbcv™i
jift sy]sYW snZ¦lpG zfbf zShL. (dnn} 6/692)
mdrtfv ofst hf Wsôv …isv icv¢sNv lfdV-smfsyv mk lc-ˆjef hf kskfdLj stfm
Kfjst kf kcst sItfq slfN sbƒ. jfvB, dhjxk zsÌ öfHfdhj zfjxdk W waD dIdvsq
zfbsk wvDqskv zbcmdk zfsY. (I…} 2/832, Im} 94ix})
bfj IcdVsq kfsk sjfb ztËfv hAhrfv ShL. (Im} 82ix})
slso mcsJ-rfsk bÆf jvf ShL bq. ˆv™i slso bÆf sp hfdbsq slq ˆhQ pfv ubA
hfbfsbf rq …Hqsjƒ bhD  zdHn©ifk jsvsYb. (nuf} 5104bQ, kfmc} 29ix})
öfmDv lxdó W mb zfjNGsbv ubA sE]fe-ifdtw, oft-ifdtw iaHxdk zÌvfo hAhrfv
ShL; pdl kfsk sjfb iajfv rfvfm hf [dkjv ilfKG dmdwak bf Kfsj. (I…} 2/829)
lf]k OsN If]j-I]fj jsv dyvbl]fkDv v™i zfbf ShL bq. ˆmb bfvDW bhD  ˆv
mcsJ zdHwåf. (n}uf} 5104bQ, zfdp} 203ix})
zhwA sjfb l]fk zöfHfdhj W zswfHbDq v™si hf]jf hf zdkdvÙÁ (jcjcvl]fk)
Kfjst kf dnLf jvf hf kcst sItf ShL. (kfmc} 28ix}, Im} 94ix})
bJ sjse sItf mfbcsNv ˆj iajxdkok vDdk. iadk nåfsr ˆjhfv bf ifvstW
40dlsbv dHkv sjse sItsk rq. (mc}, zflf}, bf}, dk}, zfdp} 206ix}) dj§Â ˆƒ iajxdkv
dhivDk jsv jkj mdrtf bJ tìf jvfq snZ¦lpG zfsY msb jsv. dbYj ifÇyfskAv
mdrtfslv zbcjvsB znHA tìf Lfvfstf bsJ bJ-ifdtw tfdosq hbA nc¦lvD nfsu.
dj§Â ªsp hAdÙÁ sp ufdkv zbcjvB jsv sn snƒ ufdkv ltHcÙÁ.« (zflf, zf}, zfdp} 205ix})
bsJ bJifdtw hAhrfv zShL bq, ksh Wpcv iCshG kcst sItsk rsh. bsy{ Wpc
rsh bf. (vfJc} 101ix}) zhwA ˆv ubA …Ùm nmq rt mfdnsjv jsqj dlb. ksh
sofnstv iCshG zhwAƒ kcst sItsk rsh.
mdrtfslv ycst, rfsk W ifsq smsr¦lD hAhrfv mfdnjfh²¿fskW ShL. hvQ
mdrtfslv bJ nhGlf smsr¦lD äfvf vdÌsq vfJfƒ …Ùm. (zflf}, dm} 4467bQ) ˆsk ˆhQ
zbcv™i zftkfsk ifdb zfejfq bf. nckvfQ bf kcst Wpc-sofnt rsq pfsh. (Im} 26ix})
vM hAhrfv icv¢Nslv ubA ShL bq. zhwA yct-lfdVsk jtI tfofsk ifsv; ksh
jfstf vQ bq.
ifsq bcicv ivf ShL pdl kfsk hfubf bf Kfsj. hfubf Kfjst hfƒsv pfWqf zKhf
shofbfv nfmsb wè jsv ytf rfvfm. sjht öfmD hf ôfbfv nfmsb hfubflfv bcicv
hf skfVf zfdl hAhrfv slfsNv bq. (Im} 80ix})
zdkdvÙÁ …]yc nv¢ drt-skftf uckf hAhrfv ShL bq. jfvB ˆsk bfvDv ytsb ˆmb
HdÌ nxdó rq pf lxdó-zfjNGD; pfsk icv¢N iatcé rq. kfYfVf ˆsk zfYfV sJsq
dhiloa²À hf tfdÒkf rWqfv zfwËfW Kfsj. (vfJc} 86ix})
öfmDv ubA dbsusj nhGlf ncvdHkf jsv vfJfq bfvDsk¶v ˆj zfb¦l zfsY.
Hfstfhfnfq pfsk OcB bf Lsv; hvQ kf pfsk ofP sKsj ofPkv rq sn syóf öfmD-²ÃDv
…Hqsjƒ vfJf …dyk. ksh mdrtf sjfb sn¦eX hf sn¦eXufkDq ianfLb hAhrfv j'sv
hfƒsv shofbfv nfmsb spsk ifsv bf. jfvB, kfv dbje sKsj sn¦eX spmb öfmDv mb
W LAfb zfjNGB j'sv ncå spZbhfnbf ufo»k jsv, jfmfbt iau¶fdtk jsv dEj
skmdbƒ ivicv¢sNv mb, LAfb, spZhb iaHxdk zfjxó rq. kfƒ skf pfvf sn¦eX hAhrfv
jsv hfƒsv shofbf icv¢sNv nfmsb pfq kfslvsj wvDqsk `shwAf' htf rsqsY. (dm}
1065bQ)
ˆJfsb sJqft vfJfv dhNq sp, sns¦e spb sjfrt hf d±idve dmdwak bf Kfsj; Kfjst
kf hAhrfv (zsbsjv dbje) ShL bq. (mh} 20/185, Iƒ} 1/203)
sjfb dhjxk zsÌ snZ¦lpG zfbqsbv ubA zifsvwb ShL. dj§Â Û¢derDb zsÌ
zdLj snZ¦lpG zfbqsbv …sÜswA zs²Ãfiyfv jvf ShL bq. (Im} 92ix}) i[f§Àsv
zdkdvÙÁ zfÌct hf mfQn rfsk hf slsrv sjfb zsÌ tesj Kfjst kf sjse sItf
ShL. (pDmfbc} 122 ix})
sjfb zfdÌj Û¢de Tfjfv ubA jxdÛm zÌ hAhrfv lCNBDq bq. spmb, snfbfv
h]fLfsbf bfj, l]fk ƒkAfdl hAhrfv jvf pfq. (I…} 2/833)
nkjGkfv dhNq sp, ztËfv W sifwfj-idv¤Yl dbsq mdrtfmrst mdrtfslv
zfsifsn ohG jvf ˆhQ lxdó zfjNGsBv ubA [sB [sB `sF»n syÓX' jvf hf ztËfv
hlst ivf hf Fht nfqf ƒkAfdl ivf Hfstf smsqv t[B bq. ohG ˆmb ˆj jmG pfsk
mfbcN stfjys[ JhG rsq pfq. diaq bhD  hstb, ªpf ƒ¤Yf JfW-iv, ksh spb lc'de
dudbn bf Kfsj; ziyq W ohG.«(hc})
zfïfr kfzftf nc¦lv. dkdb snZ¦lpG W idv¤Yâkf iY¦l jsvb. dj§Â ˆsk nmq W
zsKGv ziyq jvf ShL bq. jfvB, dkdb zihAqjfvDsj iY¦l jsvb bf. iv§Â
zihAqjfvDvf wqkfsbv Hfƒ-shfb.
i[f§Àsv, Icstv snZvH W v™siv soZvh KfsjW bf shwD dlb.
`snZ¦lpG-odhGkf Wsof vfbD!
skfmfv ˆ jmbDq vmA slrJfdb,
ˆƒ kh spZhsbv zfb¦l hfrfv
ufb dj sof, bsr kf skfmfv?'
ˆj hxÝfv mcJmàst ŠÏ¶tA slsJ ˆjub mdrtf kfsj iaw´ jvt, skfmfv syrfvfq
ˆ hxÝ hqsnW tfhBA IcesY, v™i spb ˆJsbf pchkDv mkƒ zfsY. kcdm sjfbX dÛÁm
hAhrfv jv sof?
hxÝf nrfsnA htt, lcƒ sE]fse hAhrfv jdv nkAhfdlkfv dtidój, syfsJ hAhrfv
jdv (rfvfm sKsj) zhbk lxdóv jfut, mcJmàst hAhrfv jdv ilGfv dÛÁm W
sofibDqkfv ifWFfv, rfsk hAhrfv jdv isvfijfdvkfv sHutDb, slsr hAhrfv
jdv ƒhflskv skt, z§Àsv hAhrfv jdv zfïfrv siam, md²Às°j hAhrfv jdv iaÎf,
zfk¹fq hAhrfv jdv zfbcokA ˆhQ iahxdÙv ubA hAhrfv jdv „mfb.
nkAƒ dj zmCtA dÛÁmƒ bf hAhrfv jsv hxÝf. kfƒ skf kfv syrfvfq „mfbD tfhBA
W suAfdk.
dhhfsrv iasqfubDqkf
mfbcN iajxdkokHfsh nmfuhÝ rsq hfn jvsk zHA²À. ˆjfjD hfn kfv öHfh-
dnÝ bq. kfƒ iasqfub isV ndÌbDv W djYc nfKDv; pfvf rsh ˆjf§À zfib. dhhfr
mfbcNsj ˆmb nfKD lfb jsv.
mfbcN nQnfsv öqQn©iCBG bq. dhhfr mfbcNsj lfb jsv hù zfk¹Dq-öub, hù nrfq
W nryv.
mfbcsNv iajxdksk sp spZb-[cLf zfsY, kf lCv jvfv ShL W ncwx£Jt hAh²¿f rt
dhhfr.
dhhfr mfbcNsj nc¦lv ydvÛ lfb jsv, zShL lxdó sKsj y[csj nQpk vfsJ,
tÏf²¿fb nQv[B jsv.
dhhfsrv mfLAsm zfdhHGfh rq mcndtm iaus¦mv. ˆsk rq hQw hxdÝ, vnCt  ˆv
…©mk hxdÝ.
ixdKhD zfhfl vfJfv ndEj W ncwx£Jt ShL hAh²¿f dhhfr. dhhfr zfsb msb wfd§À,
r™lsq d²¿vkf, ydvsÛ idhÛkf, uDhsb ivm ncJ. hQsw zfsb zfdHufkA,
zbfdhtkf. bfvD-icv¢Nsj jsv dyvsiasm zfhÝ. lfb jsv ˆmb ncJmq lf©ikA,
pfsk Kfsj kAfo W dkdk[f, waÝf, siam, sn´r W …{noG .
zfïfr kfzftf hstb,
zKGf{, kf]v dblwGbfhtDv msLA zfv ˆjde dblwGb ˆƒ sp, dkdb skfmfslv mLA
rskƒ skfmfslv ndÌbDslvsj nxdó jsvsYb; pfsk skfmvf Wslv dbje wfd§À ifW
ˆhQ skfmfslv msLA ifv±idvj Hfstfhfnf W sn´r nxdó jsvsYb. dy§ÀfwDt
n©i»lfsqv ubA ˆsk zhwAƒ dblwGb vsqsY. (jc} 30/21)
ƒntfsm ShvfsoAv sjfb ²¿fb sbƒ.
ªShvfoA nfLsb mcdÙÁ sn zfmfv bq,
znQJA háb mfsU mrfb¦lmq
tdHh mcdÙÁv öfl----.«
ˆƒ rt mcndtsmv uDhb. kfƒ skf dhhfr jvf iaskAj bhDv ncâk W kvDjf. dhhfr
jvf ˆj ƒhflk. ²ÃD-nÌm jvf nljfrXkctA. (mc} 1006bQ) spsrkc ˆƒ idvBsq
mcndtsmv dhswN …sÜwA Kfsj dbsusj hAdHyfv sKsj v[f jvf, ²ÃDv zdLjfv zflfq
jvf ˆhQ kfsjW hAdHyfsvv rfk rsk v[f jvf, sbj n§Àfb zfwf jvf, zShL lxdó,
dy§Àf iaHxdk sKsj dbsusj lCsv vfJf. diaq bhD  hstb, ªmcndtm pJb dhhfr jsv
kJb sn kfv zsLGj „mfb iCBG jsv, zkˆh hfjD zsLGjfQsw sn spb zfïfrsj Hq
jsv.« (nuf} 6148bQ)
hAdHyfv sKsj hf]yfv ubA W idhÛ uDhb oEsbv …sÜswA dhhfr jvst lf©iskA
zfïfrv nfrfpA zfsn. (nuf} 3050bQ, dm} 3089bQ)
zfïfr kfzftf hstb, ªskfmfslv msLA pfvf zdhhfdrk kfslv dhhfr n©iflb jv
ˆhQ skfmfslv lfn-lfnDslv msLA pfvf n{ kfslvW. kfvf zHfhoa²À rst zfïfr
dbu zbcoasr kfslvsj zHfhmcÙÁ jsv slshb. zfïfr skf iafycpGmq, nhGÎ. (jc} 24/32)
uolXÈv¢ mcrf©mfl  hstb, ªsr pchjlt! skfmfslv msLA sp hAdÙÁ (dhhfsrv
zKGf{ ²ÃDv HvBsifNB W vdkdÛÁqfv) nfmKGA vfsJ sn spb dhhfr jsv. jfvB, dhhfr
y[csj l²Âvmk nQpk jsv ˆhQ tÏf²¿fb drIfpk jsv. zfv sp hAdÙÁ ‰ nfmKGA
vfsJ bf sn spb svfpf vfsJ. jfvB, kf spZsbd¦ûq lmbjfvD.« (hc}, mc}, dm} 3080bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªdhhfr jvf zfmfv ncâk (kvDjf). nckvfQ sp hAdÙÁ zfmfv
ncâk (kvDjf) zbcpfqD zfmt jsv bf, sn zfmfv ltHcÙÁ bq.« (ƒmf} 1846bQ)
nckvfQ dhsqv hqn rst, spZb-diifnfq zdkô rst ˆhQ dbsuv …iv hAdHyfsvv
zKhf ocå zHAfsn öf²¿A HfÌfv zfwËf rst dhtì bf jsv pchsjv dhhfr jvf Wqfsuh.
hfdVv stfsjv …dyk, ˆsk kfsj nrfqkf jvf ˆhQ `sYfe' hf ìVsY' hst dhhfsr hfLf
bf slWqf. spmb iCshG zfsvf zdhhfdrk Hfƒ hf shfb Kfjst ˆhQ kfslv dhsqv hAh²¿f hf
ƒ¤Yf bf rst ˆƒ pchjsj dhhfsr hfLf slWqfv zdLjfv dikf-mfkfv hf zfv jfsvf sbƒ.
zfïfrv zfbcoskA Èv¢usbv zfbcokA Wqfsuh. spJfsb zfïfrv zhfLAkfv Hq W
zfwËf rsh, snJfsb zfv jfsvf zfbcokA sbƒ. hvQ ˆƒ nh s[sÛ dhswN jsv `mbmk
iB' bf ifWqfv ubA dhsq bf dlst mf-hfsiv zfbcokA rfvfm. nckvfQ pchsjv …dyk,
pKfnmsq dhbf isB mf-hfi vfuD bf rstW vfuD jvsk syóf jsv dhhfr jvf. bsy{ kfv
zdHHfhj zfïfr.
zsbj nmq äDblfv-ivsruofv idvshswv icBAmqD ncwDtf kv¢BDv ndrk dhhfsr mf-
hfi dbuö sjfb öfsKG vfuD rq bf. zKhf ˆmb ifÛD dlsk yfq; sp äDblfv bq. äDblfv
pchsjv ˆ s[sÛW mf-hfsiv jKf bf mfbf äDblfvD. (dbwf 3/42ix}, Im} 56ix})
Shhfdrj uDhb lc-ˆjdlsbv nIv bq; pfsk lc-ˆjdlb iv nruHfsh nÌD idvhkGb
jvf pfsh. nckvfQ ˆJfsb sYst-smsq njstvƒ hcUfiVf W iYs¦lv zdLjfv zfsY.
i[f§Àsv äDb YfVf zbA öfsKG sYst pdl mf-hfsiv jKf bf smsb kfslvsj bfvfu jsv
dhhfr jsv, ksh ˆmb sYst dbÇyqƒ zhfLA. zhfLA mfkf-dikfv ˆhQ zhfLA zfïfr W
kf]v vnCstv. ˆ dhNsq zfsvf djYc zfstfybf zfnsh `dhhfr ia²Àfh W kfv wkGfhtD'sk.
zShL dhhfr
dhhfr-hásb zfhÝ rsq bfvD-icv¢N ShLHfsh spZbncJ …isHfo jvsk ifsv. dj§Â
sjfbX icv¢N bfvDv ubA ShL ˆhQ sjfbX bfvD icv¢sNv ubA zShL hf zomAf kfv
dh²Àfdvk dhLfb vsqsY ƒntfsm. (jc}4/23) zShL bfvDsj zKhf zShL dbqsm dhhfr
jsv nQnfv jvst hAdHyfv jvf rq.
ˆmb jkjÈdt jfvB vsqsY pfv jfvsB bfvD-icv¢sNv zfsifsn sjfb nmsq dhhfr
ShL bq.
iaKm jfvB, vsÙÁv n©ijG }-

bfvD-icv¢sNv mfsU vsÙÁv n©ijG Kfjst spsrkc ˆj zisvv zQw oBA rq kfƒ
kfslv zfsifsn dhhfr rfvfm. ˆvf rt;
1- icv¢sNv is[; kfv mf, lflD, bfbD ˆhQ bfvDv is[; kfv hfi, lfslf W bfbf.
2- icv¢sNv is[; kfv jbAf (sheD) ˆhQ bfdkb W icdkb, zfv bfvDv is[; kfv
icÛ (sYst) ˆhQ bfdk W sifkf.
3- icv¢sNv is[; kfv (nsrflvf, ShdisÛqD W ShmfsÛqD) shfb, hcbdU, HfƒdU W
kfslv smsq, Hfƒsif W hcbsifv smsq. zfv bfvDv is[; kfv (nsrflv, ShdisÛq hf
ShmfsÛq) Hfƒ, Hfƒsif, hcbsif W kfslv sYst ˆhQ HfƒdU W hcbdUv sYst.
4- icv¢sNv is[; kfv IcIc (hfsiv nsrflvf, ShdisÛqD hf ShmfsÛqD shfb) ˆhQ
bfvDv is[; kfv yfyf (hfsiv nsrflv, ShdisÛq hf ShmfsÛq Hfƒ).
5- icv¢sNv is[; kfv Jftf (mfsqv nsrflvf, ShdisÛqD hf ShmfsÛqD shfb) ˆhQ
bfvDv is[; kfv mfmf (mfsqv nsrflv, ShdisÛq hf ShmfsÛq Hfƒ).
iajfw sp, n{ mfsqv shfb (n{ Jftf) icv¢sNv ubA ˆhQ n{ mfsqv Hfƒ (n{ mfmf)
bfvDv ubA rfvfm hf mfrvfm bq. ˆslv zfsifsn dhhfr ShL.
6- icv¢sNv is[; kfv hfi-mfsqv Jftf hf IcIc ˆhQ bfvDv is[ kfv hfi-mfsqv
yfyf hf mfmf zShL. (mh} 9/73)
iajfw sp, icvsNv ubA kfv Jftfskf, IcIfskf, mfmfskf, yfyfskf shfb W hcbdU ShL
W omA. zbcv™i bfvDv ubA kfv Jftfskf, IcIfskf, mfmfskf, yfyfskf Hfƒ W Hfƒsif
ShL W omA.
zfhfv icv¢sNv is[; kfv (mfmfv mxkcA hf kftfsjv iv) mfmD, (yfyfv mxkcA hf
kftfsjv iv) yfyD ˆhQ bfvDv is[ kfv (Jftfv mxkcA hf kftfsjv iv) Jftc (IcIcv
mxkcA hf kftfsjv iv) sIfIf omA. iCshGfÙÁ omA-omAfv mfsU dhhfr ShL W ilGf
Wqfsuh.
vsÙÁv n©ijG pdl jxdÛm rq ksh dhhfr rfvfm bq. nckvfQ (svfdobDsj vÙÁ dlsq
hf]dysq kfsj dhhfr jvf vÙÁlfkf icv¢sNv ubA zShL bq. zbcv™i öfmD ²ÃDsj hf ²ÃD
öfmDsj vÙÁ lfb jvst dhhfsrv sjfb [dk rq bf. (mh} 3/370, 4/332)
däkDq jfvB } Shhfdrj n©ijG.

1- icv¢sNv ubA (²ÃD W w¶wcsvv mxkcA hf kftfsjv isvW) wfwcVD, bfbwfw W
lflwfw. (²ÃDv ndrk dmtb bf rstW) dyvksv rfvfm. zbcv™i bfvDv is[ kfv
w¶wcv, lfslfw¶wcv W bfbfw¶wcv zomA.
2- vdmkf (pfv nfsK nÌm rsqsY ˆmb) ²ÃDv (ziv öfmDv) jbAf W kfv hQwufk
jbAf W icdkb hf bfdkb. (²ÃDv ndrk dmtb rst ksh. bsy{ dmtsbv iCshG mfvf
sost hf kftfj dlst kfv smsq zShL hf zomAf bq.) klbcv™i bfvDv ubA kfv
öfmDv (ziv ²ÃDv) sYst W kfv hQwufk sYstW zShL.
3- icv¢sNv ubA kfv n{mf (hfi kfv nfsK dmtb jv¢j zKhf bf jv¢j. hfi mfvf
sost hf kftfj dlstW) rfvfm. zbcv™i n{ lflD ˆhQ bfbDW.
bfvDv ubA kfv n{hfi (mfsqv ndrk kfv dmtb rst) zomA. zbcv™i n{ lfslf
ˆhQ bfbfW rfvfm.
4- icv¢sNv ubA kfv dbsuv icÛhLC (zfib Švnufk sYstv ²ÃD) zbcv™i ickh…
W bfkh… ˆhQ bfvDv ubA kfv dbsuv oHGufk jbAfv öfmD (ufmfƒ) zbcv™i
bfkufmfƒ W ickufmfƒ zShL.
nckvfQ icv¢sNv ubA kfv n{wfwcVD, ²ÃDv lcLmf, (dhkdjGk) ˆhQ iftdqÛD mf rfvfm
bq. zbcv™i bfvDv ubA kfv n{w¶wcv, öfmDv lcLhfi (dhkdjGk) ˆhQ iftdqkf hfi
zShL bq.
öfmDv ˆj ²ÃDv sYst-smsqv ndrk däkDqf ²ÃDv iChG öfmDv Švnufk sYst-smsqv
dhhfr ShL. (mh} 2/262, 9/67)
iajfw sp, Shhfdrj nCsÛ dmtsbv Ist pfslv ndrk dhhfr zShL hAdHyfv nCsÛ
dmtsbv Ist kfslv ndrk dhhfr zShL djbf kf dbsq shw dhkjG vsqsY. zKGf{
spmb dhhfsrv iCshG sjfb bfvDv ndrk hAdHyfv jvst kfv mf hf smsqsj dhhfr jvf
rfvfm rsh djbf ˆhQ dhhfsrv isv hAdHyfv jvst ‰ bfvDv mf hf smsq (sp ˆƒ
icv¢sNv ²ÃD) kfv is[ rfvfm rsq pfsh djbf, w¶wcv-h…-ˆ hAdHyfv jvst sYstv
…iv kfv ‰ ²ÃD rfvfm rsq pfsh dj bf, hAdHyfvufk jbAfsj dhhfr jvf pfsh dj bf,
-ˆnh dhNsq hÖ mksHl vsqsY. zhwA sjfb is[v dbjseƒ nrDr sjfb ltDt
sbƒ. pdlW zbcmfb, zdHv¢dy W dhshjmsk rfvfm nfhA²À rWqfƒ …dyk. (dn} pqDIfr
1/566, ƒJdkqfvfk ƒhsb kfƒdmqAfr 585-588ix}, IfkfWqf mcrf©ml dhb ƒh»frDm 10/130)
iv§Â hù …tfmf hstb, jfsvf ndrk hAdHyfv jvstƒ sn ²ÃD ˆhQ kfv mf wfwcVD
rsq pfq bf. nckvfQ ˆsk hAdHyfsvv sjfb i»Hfh sbƒ. (mcm} 7/44)
Sbdkj SwdKstAv ˆmb zw½Dtkf, iwck¶ W nmnAf sKsj zfïfr mcndtm nmfusj
mcÙÁ W idhÛ vfJcb. zfmDb.
i[f§Àsv ShLv™si ²ÃD msb jsv nrhfn jvst n©isjG i»Hfh isV. spmb; dhhfr-
háb wcÝ bf rsqƒ nrhfn jvst zKhf nrhfn jvfv iv ufbf sot sp, ‰ ²ÃDv nfsK
öfmDW sjfb lcL-mfsqv lcL ifb jsvsY. ˆ s[sÛ ²ÃD rfvfm nfhA²À rsh ˆhQ kfv mf W
smsqsj dhhfr jvf ‰ icv¢sNv ubA rfvfm rsh. (‰ 7/45)
kxkDq jfvB } lcsLv n©ijG.

pdl sjfb dwwc (sYst zKhf smsq) sjfb dHâ mdrtfv lcL ifb jsv Kfsj, ksh sn
kfv lcLmf. zhwA `lcLmf' nfhAs²Àv ubA jsqjde wkG vsqsY;
1- ‰ lcLifb dwwcv 2hYv hqsnv dHksv rsk rsh. lc'hYv ifv rsq lcLifb
jvst `mf' nfhA²À rsh bf. (jc} 2/233)
2- kxdånrjfsv i]fy zKhf kskfdLj hfv lcLifb jvsh. (mc}) ²Àbhx§À ycsN zKhf
mfƒsifN, yfmy djQhf bstv nfrfspA lcL sise sost kshƒ `mf' nfhA²À rsh. (zfdJdb})
`lcLmf' nfhA²À rst kfv ndrk ˆhQ vÙÁ-n©ijGDq zbAfbA zfk¹Dqv bAfq ‰ mfsqv
hQswv njstv ndrk dhhfr zShL rsh. (hc} 5099bQ, mc})
nckvfQ vDdkmk lcLifbjfvD icv¢N kfv lcL-mf, lcL-shfb, lcL-Jftf, lcL-HfƒdU,
lcL-shfbdU iaHxdksj dyvdlsbv ubA dhhfr jvsk ifvsh bf. klbcv™i lcLifbjfdvBD
mdrtfv kfv lcL-hfi, lcL-Hfƒ, lcL-yfyf, lcL-mfmf, lcL-Hfƒsif, lcL-hcbsif iaHxdkv
ndrk dhhfr ShL bq.
zhwA sp lcL ifb jsvsY kfv zbA Hfƒ-shfsbvf ‰ mfsqv is[ ˆhQ kfv
sYstsmsq hf zbAfbA zfk¹Dqv is[ rfvfm bq. (mh} 6/263)
sjfb icv¢N pdl (dwwcshtfq) kfv lflDv lcL vDdkmk ifb jsv Kfsj ksh kfv
is[ vÙÁ-n©ijGDq mdrtf YfVfW yfyfskf, IcIfskf ˆhQ bfbDv lcL ifb jsv Kfjst
mfmfskf Jftfskf shfbW rfvfm. jfvB, ˆƒ shfsbvf kJb lcL-HfƒdU W lcL-
shfbdUsk idvodBk rsq pfq. (mh} 6/266)
…sïJA sp, wxÌfsvv nmq ²ÃDv lcL mcsJ sost öfmD-²ÃDv dhhfr-hásb sjfb [dk rq
bf. jfvB, êf vDdkmk lcL ifb bq.
ykcKG jfvB } dtzfb.
öfmDv nQnfsv sKsj pdl ²ÃD hAdHyfv j'sv kf zöDjfv jsv ˆhQ ˆƒ hAdHyfsvv
…iv pdl öfmD 4 ub nf[D jfuDv nfmsb …id²¿k bf jvsk ifsv ksh jfuD
iaskAjsj jnm jvfshb; iaKsm öfmD htsh, `zfdm zfïfrv wiK jsv htdY sp,
zfdm zfmfv ²ÃD zmcjsj sp hAdHyfsvv zihfl dlsqdY kfsk nkAhflD.'
ˆƒv™i yfvhfv htfv iv iÑmhfsv kfsj Kfdmsq jfuD htshb, `zfïfrsj Hq
jv, ˆƒ (swN jnm)efƒ zfïfrv zfpfh zdbhfpGjfvD. (nkA ht. jfvB,)
zfsJvfskv zfpfh rsk lcdbqfv zfpfh (dmKAf zihfl slWqfv wfd²À) nrukv.'
ˆvisvW pdl sn dhvk bf rq ksh iÑmhfsv htsh, `zfdm zfmfv ²ÃD zmcjsj sp
hAdHyfsvv zihfl dlsqdY, kfsk pdl zfdm dmKAfhflD rƒ kfrst zfmfv …iv
zfïfrv zdHwfi srfj!'
zk}iv ²ÃD zbcv™i htsh, `zfdm zfïfrv wiK jsv htdY sp, zfmfsj zfmfv
öfmD zmcj sp hAdHyfsvv zihfl dlsqsY kfsk W dmKAfhflD.'
ˆƒv™i yfvhfv htfv iv iÑmhfsv Kfdmsq jfuD kfsj htshb, zfïfrsj Hq jv,
êfƒ zfïfrv zfpfh zdbhfpGjfvD, (nkA ht. jfvB,) zfsJvfskv zfpfshv sysq
lcdbqfv zfpfh (hAdHyfsvv wfd²À) nrukv.'
ˆvisvW pdl dhvk bf rq kfrst iÑmhfsv sn htsh, `zfmfsj zfmfv öfmD
zmcj sp hAdHyfsvv zihfl dlsqsY kfsk pdl W nkAhflD rq kfrst zfmfv …iv
zfïfrv oph srfj!'
ˆklCv jvfv iv jfuD öfmD-²ÃDv mfsU dhs¤Yl jsv slshb. zfv ˆsk jfsvf wfd²À
rsh bf. (jc} 24/6-9, hc}, dm} 3307bQ)
ˆƒ Lvsbv tf'bk W zdHwfsiv dhs¤Ylsj `dtzfb' hst. ˆƒ dhs¤Yl rWqfv iv
‰ ²ÃD ‰ öfmDv ubA dyvksv rfvfm rsq pfq. sjfb iajfsv zfv icbdhGhfr ShL bq.
(zfdJdb} 116ix})
iajfw sp, vÙÁ, lcL W Shhfdrj n©isjGv Ist pfslv zfsifsn dyvksv dhhfr
zShL sjht kfslv nfmsbƒ mdrtfv ilGf sbƒ. hfjD háck¶, ifkfsbf, hf iDv Lvfv
(?) Ist sj… rfvfm rq bf. nckvfQ hácv shfb, ifkfsbf shfb ˆhQ iDv-shfsbv (?)
nfsKW dhhfr rftft ˆhQ ilGf Wqfsuh.
zfsvf ˆmb jkjocdt jfvB vsqsY pfsk bfvD-icv¢sNv dhhfr dyvksv rfvfm bq;
ksh nfmdqjHfsh rfvfm. snƒ dbdlGó nmq zdkhfdrk rst dhhfr ShL. ˆmb jfvBW
jsqjde.
iaKm jfvB } jcIXv W dwjG.
sjfb mcndtm (bfvD-icv¢N) sjfb jfsIv hf mcwdvj (bfvD-icv¢N)sj dhhfr jvsk
ifsv bf. zhwA ƒntfm LsmG lDd[k rst kfv ndrk dhhfr ShL. ˆ hAifsv mrfb
zfïfr hstb,
ªzfv zQwDhflD vmBD sp ipG§À mcntmfb bf rq skfmvf kfsj dhhfr jsvf bf.
mcwdvj bfvD skfmfslv iY¦l rstW dbÇyqƒ mcndtm ÛÁDklfnD kfv sysq …Ùm. zfv
mcntmfb bf rWqf ipG§À zQwDhflD icv¢sNv nfsK jbAfv dhhfr dlW bf. zQwDhflD
icv¢N skfmfslv iY¦l rstW mcndtm ÛÁDklfn kfv sysq …Ùm. jfvB, Wvf
skfmfslvsj ufrfâfsmv dlsj zfrhfb jsv ˆhQ zfïfr skfmfslvsj dbu zbcoar W
[mfv dlsj zfrhfb jsvb.« (jc} 2/221)
ªmc'dmb bfvDoB jfsIv icv¢Nslv ubA ˆhQ jfsIv icv¢Nvf mc'dmb bfvDslv ubA
ShL bq.« (jc} 60/10)
dwqf, jfslqfbD, jhcvD, mfpfvD ˆhQ mkf§Àsv shbfmfpD iaHxdk ifÛ-ifÛDv ndrk
sjfb (kWrDlhflD) mcndtm ifÛ-ifÛDv dhhfr ShL bq. (mh} 16/115,17/61, 28/93)
i[f§Àsv zfnmfbD djkfhLfvD ƒqfùlD W dJ»ófb n¤ydvÛf bfvDsj (ƒntfm oarB bf
jvstW) mcndtm icv¢N dhhfr jvsk ifsv. (jc} 5/5) ksh ˆv sysq mcndtm bfvDƒ sp
…Ùm kfsk sjfb ns¦lr sbƒ. dj§Â sjfb mcndtm bfvDv ndrk sjfb djkfhLfvD
icv¢sNv dhhfr ShL bq; pk[B bf sn ƒntfm oarB jsvsY. spsrkc ƒntfm dyv
…âk, zhbk rq bf. kfYfVf mcndtmvf njt bhDv i»dk „mfb vfsJ, dj§Â
djkfhLfvDvf ƒntfsmv nhGswN bhD  ˆv i»dk „mfb vfsJ bf. (rfrf} 245ix})
i»jfw sp, mcndtm bfmLfvD mcwdvjvf (pfvf zfïfr YfVf iDv, jhv hf mfpfsvv
dbje iasqfubfdl dH[f jsv kfvf) zfrst djkfshv mk bq. kfslv ndrk dhhfr-
wflD ShL bq. (mh} 28/93)
sjfb icv¢N ƒntfm o»rB jvstW yeX jsv kfv ndrk mcndtm bfvDv dhhfr slWqf
…dyk bq. mcndtm rsq bfmfp-svfpf W zbAfbA LmGDq dhNq iftb jvsY dj bf, kf
slJf …dyk. bsy{ ˆmbW rsk ifsv (hvQ zdLjfQw ˆmbefƒ rq) sp, mcndtm
pchkDv v™i W siasm mcÊ rsq sjht kfsjƒ ifhfv …sÜswA bfsm mfÛ mcndtm rsq
ƒntfsm I]fdj slq. (Im} 46ix})
sjfb mcndtm icv¢N zmcndtm bfvDsj dhhfr jvsk yfƒst kfsj iajxk mcndtm jsv
ƒÜk slsJ kfviv dhhfr jvsh. bfmfp-svfpf iaHxdksk pkµhfb bf rst dhhfr ShL
rsh bf. (hc} 5286bQ, Ibf} 2/357)
däkDq jfvB }- zisvv öfmDk¶}-
zisvv dhhfdrkf ²ÃD kfv öfmDsk¶ Kfjsk zfv zbA icv¢sNv ubA ShL bq. sn mfvf
dosq zKhf kftfj dlsq ƒÜskv pKf nmq zdkhfdrk bf rWqf ipG§À ‰ vmBDsj
dhhfr jvf rfvfm. nckvfQ ‰ mdrtf zfnst omAf dj§Â zisvv öfmDsk¶ Kfjfv ubA
nfmdqjHfsh zsbAv is[ zShL. ˆmb dhhfdrkf nLhfsj sj… dhsq jvstW dhhfr-
hábƒ rq bf. sn iaKm öfmDvƒ zdLjfvHcÙÁf Kfsj, zfv däkDq öfmD hAdHyfvD rq.
iv§Â ˆjde mdrtf ˆjfdLj öfmD oarB jvsk ifsv bf. jfvB ˆsk hQw W n§Àfsbv
zh²¿f nhGrfvf rq. i[f§Àsv ˆjub icv¢N ˆjfdLj ²ÃD (4de ipG§À) oarB jvsk
ifsv. (jc} 4/3) jfvB, ˆsk ‰ Hq Kfsj bf.
kfYfVf htfƒ hfùtA sp, ƒntfm mfbhiajxdkv ubA nfmÓnAiCBG LmG. uDhsbv
nhGiajfv nmnAfv nmfLfb J]csu dmst ˆƒ LsmG. mfbhjCstv njt mfbcsNv iajxdk,
spZb[cLf hf jfmwdÙÁ nmfb bq. ²ÃD kfv hDpGhfb öfmDv n©iCBG [cLf bfW dmefsk ifsv;
dhswN jsv pdl sn svfof rq zKhf kfv ‡kcv nmq lDOG²¿fqD rq. i[f§Àsv hAdHyfvW
mfbhydvsÛv iadkjCt.
²ÃD háAf rst hQsw hfdk slhfv ubA n§Àfb tfsHv …sÜswA zKhf ˆjub dhLhf hf
idvkAÙÁfv snZHfoA dIdvsq zfbsk ˆhQ zfsvf zbAfbA pcdÙÁpcÙÁ jfvsB däkDq,
kxkDq W ykcKG dhhfr nQnfsv iasqfub rq. zfv êf Sbdkjkfv idvi§¿D bq. ydvÛ
W Sbdkjkfv iadkjCt skf ˆj hf ˆjfdLj …iikµD hf òftGXn sI¼àX' oarB jvf.
(kfmc} 67-75ix} la})
i[f§Àsv ˆjfdLj dhhfsrv wkG zfsY }-

1- ˆjƒ nsÌ spb yfsvv zdLj bf rq.
2- ²ÃDslv mfsU spb bAfqivfqBkf Kfsj. HvB-sifNB, ydvÛ-hAhrfv iaHxdksk
spb njtsj nmfb syfsJ slJf rq. njstv dbje spb nmfbHfsh vfdÛ-hfn hf
zh²¿fb jvf rq. bsy{ ˆjfdLj dhhfr rfvfm. (jc} 4/3)
zhwA z§Àsvv ocå siamsj njstv ubA nmfbHfsh Hfo jvf zn©Hh. (jc} 4/129)
kfƒ z§Àv pdl jf…sj zdLj sisk yfq hf Hfstfhfsn ksh kf lCNBDq bq. dj§Â
iajfswA njstv ndrk nmfb hAhrfv ialwGb Wqfsuh.
ˆjfdLj dhhfr jvst sjfb ²ÃDv m¦l-yyGf zbA ²ÃDv dbje jvsh bf. sjfb ²ÃDsj
zbA ²ÃD iansÌ jcm§ÀhA hf jc{nf jvsk ncspfo slsh bf. kfslv zfsifsN pfsk
„NGfOdek sjfb msbfmfdtbA hf lchGAhrfv bf rq kfv sJqft vfJsh. ixKj-ixKj hfnf
rstƒ wfd§Àv zfwf jvf pfq. bsy{ `dbm sk]skf, dbdNd¦l sk]skf, sk]skf mfjft It,
kfrfvW zdLj sk]skf lc' nkDsbv Ov.' dhswN jsv shilGf idvshw rst skf
dkÙÁmq bvj sn nQnfv.
ianÌk} …sïJA sp, däkDq dhhfr jvfv nmq iaKm ²ÃDv zbcmdk uv¢vD bq.(mh} 25/67)
jcIvDv jfvsB öfmDv zdLjfv sKsj dYâ rsq mcndtmslv pcÝhd¦lbDv™si sjfb
mcufdrslv Hfso ˆst ˆj mfdnj ivD[fv iv zKhf oHG rst ianh W sbIfnjft
ipG§À zsi[fv iv zdLjfvHcÙÁf rsh; pdlW kfv öfmD hkGmfsb uDdhk zfsY.(jc} 4/28)
sjfb mdrtfv öfmD mfvf sost zKhf kftfj dlst sn kfv ƒÜkjft ipG§À ‰ öfmDv
zdLjfsv Kfsj. zkˆh sjfb vmBDsj kfv ƒÜkjfst dhhfr jvf zShL. (jc} 2/235)
ƒÜskv dh²Àfdvk dhhvB isv zfnsh ƒbwfzfïfr.
sjfb mdrtf oHGhkD Kfjst oHGjft kfv ƒÜk. oHGfh²¿fq dhhfr ShL bq. zShL
sofib si»sm pfv hAdHyfsv oHGhkD rsqsY snƒ siadmj dhhfr jvstW oHGfh²¿fq
zfjXl nrDr bq. ianshv ivƒ zfjXl n©Hh. (mh} 9/54,72)
sjfb mdrtfv öfmD dbsJ]fu rst dbsJ]fu rWqfv dlb sKsj iCBG yfv hYv zsi[f
jvfv iv zfsvf yfv mfn lwdlb öfmD-mxkcAv ƒÜk iftb jsv däkDq öfmD oarB
jvsk ifsv. ˆƒ dbLGfdvk nmsqv iCshG kfv dhhfr rfvfm. dhhfsrv iv kfv iChGöfmD
dIsv ˆst kfv ˆJdkqfv rsh; ²ÃD sIv{ dbsk ifsv zKhf smfrv sIv{ dbsq kfsj
‰ öfmDv ubA kAfo jvskW ifsv. (mfbfv¢n nfhDt 2/88ix})
²ÃD yfƒst zfv bkcbHfsh dhhfr zfjXslv iasqfub sbƒ. jfvB, ²ÃD kfvƒ ˆhQ
däkDq zfjXl kfv dIsv zfnfv iv hfdkt. ksh kfsj dIsv sbWqfv iCshG ‰ ²ÃD (ˆj
mfdnj) ƒÜk iftb jvsh. (I…} 2/766) oHGhkD rst ianhjft ipG§À zsi[f
jvsh. zfv sn nmsq däkDq öfmD sKsj ilGf Wqfsuh rsq pfsh.
kxkDq jfvB}- lcƒ dbjefk¹Dqv umfsqk

nfLfvBk} ˆjfdLj dhhfsr zwfd§À shwDƒ rq. nkDb kfv nkDbsj nrsu nƒsk
ifsv bf. nkDsb-nkDsb dhd¤Yâkf Kfsj. zkˆh nkDb ˆjf§À dbjefk¹Dq rst
zfk¹Dqkfv háb dYâ rq, pf rfvfm. kfYfVf dbjefk¹Dq nkDsbv jKfq ofsq Uftf
Lsv shwD. ä¦ä hfsV zdLj. jKfq hst `zfbnkDsb bfsV yfsV, shfb nkDsb icdVsq
mfsv.' kfƒ ƒntfm ˆmb ˆjf§À dbjefk¹Dqslvsj ˆjsÛ ²ÃDv™si umf jvsk dbsNL
jsvsY. nckvfQ ²ÃD Kfjsk kfv (nsrflvf, ShdisÛqD, ShmfsÛqD hf lcL) shfb (zKGf{,
wftD) sj dhhfr jvf rfvfm. klbcv™i ²ÃDv hkGmfsb kfv Jftf hf shfbdU, IcIc hf
HfƒdUsj dhhfr jvf zShL. ²ÃD mfvf sost hf kftfj dlst ƒÜskv iv kfv ‰
dbjefk¹Dqv jf…sj dhhfr jvsk hfLf sbƒ.
²ÃDv jfEhfsiv (hf mfsqv öfmDv) zbA ²ÃDv smsqsj dhhfr jvsk slfN sbƒ.(mh} 9/57)
ykcKG jfvB } ƒrvfm
rÏ hf …mvfq ƒrvfm h]fLf zh²¿fq dhhfr W dhhfsrv iqofm rfvfm. ˆƒ zh²¿fq
jfsvf dhhfr rstW kf hfdkt. (pflct mfzfl 4/6)
iÑm jfvB } yfsvv zdLj nQJAf

yfv ²ÃD hkGmfb Kfjsk iÑm dhhfr rfvfm. (jc} 4/3) yfsvv msLA sj… ƒÜsk Kfjst
kfv ƒÜk swN bf rWqf ipG§À zbA dhhfr jvf pfsh bf.
Nô jfvB } dkb kftfj.

²ÃDsj dkb kftfj dkb idhÛkfq dlst zKhf uDhsbv msLA dhdHâ nmsq dkbhfv
kftfj dlst ‰ ²ÃDsj icb} dhhfr jvf ShL bq. pdl ˆjf§Àƒ kfsj icbvfq dIsv sisk
yfq, ksh ‰ ²ÃD däkDq öfmD W kfv spZböfl oarsBv iv sn sö¤Yfq kftfj dlst
zKhf mfvf sost ksh ƒÜskv iv kfsj icbdhGhfr jvsk ifsv. bsy{ kfv iCshG bq.
(jc} 2/230)
²ÃDsj dkb kftfj slWqfv iv tdÏk rsq Hct hcUsk sisv kfsj dIsv sisk
`rftftf' i§¿f zhtìb ShL bq. zKfG{, ²ÃDsj rftft jvfv ubA idvjd¬ikHfsh
sjfb hác hf yfyfskf-mfmfskf Hfsqv ndrk dhhfr dlsq ˆj vfdÛ hfn jsv kftfj
dlst isv ƒÜskv iv dbsu dhhfr jvf ˆj iajfv sLfjf ˆhQ hAdHyfv. pfsk däkDq
öfmD ˆj vfdÛ hAdHyfv jsv ˆhQ iaKm öfmD ‰ ²ÃDsj rftft msb jsv dIsv dbsqW
kfv ndrk dyvdlb hAdHyfv jvsk Kfsj. jfvB, iajxkis[ ²ÃD ‰Hfsh kfv ubA
rftft rq bf.
sp hAdÙÁ rftft jvfv ubA ‰v™i dhhfr jsv, rflDsnv HfNfq sn rt `Lfv jvf
N]fV.' (ƒo} 6/309) ˆƒ hAdÙÁ ˆhQ pfv ubA rftft jvf rq sn hAdÙÁ (zKGf{ iaKm
öfmD) zfïfr W klDq vnCstv zdHwå. (ƒo}1897 bQ, dm} 3296)
ufqhltD hf dhdbmq-dhhfr dhbf ixKj smfrsv ShL bq. ˆ Wv shfb hf shdesj ˆhQ
W ˆv shfb hf sheDsj dhdbmq j'sv ifÛDv hlst ifÛDsj smfrv j'sv dhhfr
ƒntfsm rfvfm. (hc},mc} ƒkAfdl) zhwA hù …tfmfv dbje …Hq ifÛDv ixKj smfrv
rstW ufqhltD dhsq ShL bq. (pdl kfsk sjfb sLfjf-Lfæf dlsq bfmsj-Wqfs²À
smfrv hf]Lf rq kfrst. (mh} 4/328, 9/68)
mckXzfr hf nfmdqj dhhfrW ƒntfsm ShL bq. djYcv dhdbmsq sjht ˆj nåfr hf
mfn hf hYv ²ÃDnÌ o»rB jsv dhd¤Yâ rWqfq spsrkc ‰ ²ÃD W kfv n§Àfsbv lcdlGb zfsn
kfƒ ƒntfm ˆmb dhhfrsj rfvfm sOfNBf jsvsY. (hc}, mc}, dm} 3147bQ)
zbcv™i kftfsjv dbqsk dhhfr ˆj iajfv sLfjf. dhslsw dosq hf slswƒ dhhfr-
hásbv nmq msb msb ˆƒ dbqk vfJf sp, djYcdlb ncJ tcse kftfj dlsq slsw dIvh
hf y©ie slh ksh ˆmb dhhfrW ShL bq. (ˆv™i jvst hAdHyfv jvf rq.) jfvB,
ˆskW ‰ ²ÃD W kfv n§Àfsbv znrfq zh²¿f sbsm zfsn. (Im} 49ix}) pfsk bfvDv mfb
W zdLjfv JhG rq.
sjfb kv¢BDv dhbf n©mdksk sufviChGj dhhfr slWqf rfvfm. ˆmb dhhfr-háb
wcÝƒ rq bf. (Im} 48 ix})
hftA-dhhfr ShL. (mc}, dm} 3129bQ) ksh nfhftj rWqfv iv öfmD-²ÃDv ˆj
zivsj iY¦l bf rst kfvf dhhfrháb dYâ jvsk ifsv. (hc} 5138bQ, zflf}, dm} 3136bQ)
nhQw hf nsofsÛv zfk¹Dq omA ifÛ-ifÛDv dhhfr ShL. ksh dHâ sofsÛ
zbfk¹Dqslv nfsKƒ Shhfdrj-nCÛ ²¿fib jvf …Ùm. (Im} 47ix}) dhswN jsv
nfmfbA Û¢de-dhycAdk W msbfmfdtbA dbsq hfVfhfdV zdLj rq nsofsÛ Osv-Osv dhhfr
rst. zdHÎvf hstb, Òsv-Osv dhsq dlst, Ov iv rsq pfq. zfk¹Dqkf hfVfsk
dosq kf dhd¤Yâ rsq pfq ˆsjhfsvƒ.' zhwA nhGs[sÛ äDblfvDƒ rt jdóifKv.
sjfb mcndtm sjfb hAdHyfdvBD bfvDsj dhhfr jvsk ifsv bf. hvQ ˆ hAfifsv ‰v™i
bfvD mbmcÊjfdvBD nc¦lvD v™siv Ffdt hf Ffbf-jfef idv rstW mcndtm icv¢sNv kfsk
v¢dy rWqfƒ …dyk bq. ˆjf§À siasmv sbwfq sbwfoa²À rstW kfsj nrLdmGbD jvf
rfvfm.
ˆ hAfifsv zfïfr ifj hstb, ªhAdHyfvD sjht hAdHyfdvBD zKhf zQwDhfdlbDsj
ˆhQ hAdHyfdvBD sjht hAdHyfvD zKhf zQwDhflD icv¢Nsj dhhfr jsv Kfsj. zfv
mcdmb icv¢Nslv ubA kf rfvfm jvf rt.« (jc} 24/3)
nckvfQ znkD bfvD mcwdvsjv …ipcÙÁf; mcndtsmv bq. jfvB …Hsqƒ zQwDhflD; ˆ
idkv siasm …iidksj zQwD²¿fib jsv ˆhQ W jsv ˆjj mf'hCslv ƒhflsk zbA
hfdkt mf'hClsj wvDj. (zhwA znkD rstW sjfb mcwdvsjv nfsK sjfb mcndtm
bfvDv dhhfr ShL bq.)
i[f§Àsv hAdHyfdvBD pdl kWhf jsv iajxk mcndtm bfvD rq kfrst ˆj mfdnj
zsi[fv iv kshƒ kfsj dhhfr jvf ShL rsk ifsv. oHG rst oHGfh²¿fq dhhfr-
háb wcÝ bq. ianshv ivƒ dhhfr rsk rsh. (I…} 2/780)
ifÛD iY¦l
ik´D icv¢sNv nrLdmGbD, zLGfdÌbD, n§ÀfblfÛD, uDhb-ndÌbD, oxsrv oxdrBD, n§Àfsbv
ubbD, r™lsqv wfd§ÀlfdqbD, vrnA v[fjfdvBD, kfv ncJD nQnfsvv iaLfb nlnAf.
nckvfQ ˆmb nfKD dbhGfysb icv¢Nsj nkAƒ Hfhsk rq, hcUsk rq. wcLcmfÛ siam,
…¤Yx£Jtkf W zfshso bq; hvQ dhshj W dlmfso sn dhNq dbsq dy§Àf jvsk rq.
nfLfvBk} mfbcN kfv HfhD-ndÌbDv iaHfh-iadkidÙ, mfb-pw-JAfdk, Lb-n©il,
jctDb hQw, msbfstfHf v™i-snZ¦lpG iaHxdk slsJ mcÊ rsq kfv uDhb-nÌ tfH jvsk
yfq; zKy kfv zfLAfdk¹j W ocsBv dljef soZB msb jsv. pfv Ist lf©iskAv yfjf
zsbj nmq zyt rsq vsq pfq zKhf nQnfv rsq …sE dkÙÁmq. dj§Â ÎfbD icv¢N
zhwAƒ sJqft vfsJ sp,
ªsldJsk itfw Ict zdk msbfrv,
oá dhsb kfsv nsh jsv zbflv.
sp Icstv snZvH bfƒ, djsnv sn Ict?
jlfy kfrfv siasm msubf hcthct.
ocBDv ocB dyvjft dhvfduk vq,
kc¤Y v™i lcƒ dlsb LCdtnf{ rq.«
diaq bhD  hstb, ªvmBDsj kfv zKG, zfdHufkA, v™i-snZ¦lpG W äDb-LmG slsJ
dhhfr jvf rq. dj§Â kcdm äDblfvsj sisq jxkjfpG rW. skfmfv r²À LCdtLCndvk
srfj.« (hc}, mc}, dm} 3082bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªskfmfslv iaskAsjv wcjXvjfvD z§Àv W dpjXvjfvD dur¶f rWqf
…dyk. zfv ˆmb mcdmb ²ÃD oarB jvf …dyk; sp kfv zfsJvfskv jfsu nrfqkf
jvsh.« (ƒmf} 1856bQ, dnn} 2176bQ)
nckvfQ ˆmb ifÛD iY¦l jvf …dyk, sp rsh icBAmqD, ncwDtf, n¤ydvÛf, äDblfv,
ilGfbwDb; pfsj slJst mb JcwDsk Hsv WsE, pfsj zfslw jvst nk¶v iftb jsv,
öfmD hfƒsv sost dbsuv slr, snZ¦lpG W ƒÏskv ˆhQ öfmDv Lb-n©islv pKfKG
v[Bf-sh[Bf jsv. (bf} 3231bQ, rf} 2/161, zf} 2/251)
mrfb zfïfr hstb, ªnckvfQ nfL¶D bfvD skf kfvf, pfvf (kfslv öfmDslv
zbcid²¿dksk W stfj y[cv z§Àvfst) zbcokf ˆhQ dbsuslv ƒÏk v[fjfdvBD;
zfïfrv drIfpsk (kWIDsj) kfvf kf drIfpk jsv.« (jc} 4/34)
ˆviv slJf …dyk, HfhD-ndÌbDv idvshw. wf§À iajxdkv smufu, mfbdnj nc²¿kf
ƒkAfdl; pfsk nQnfv rq iawfd§Àmq. u¶ftfmqkf sKsj lCv rq hfjAftfi, stb-slb W
njt hAhrfv.
dhhfsrv ˆjde mrfb …sÜwA rt n§Àfb oarB . ˆ …sÜwAsj nfmsb svsJ ²ÃD dbhGfyb
hfÒbDq. diaq bhD  hstb, ªzdLj siammqD, zdLj n§ÀfblfÛD vmBD dhhfr jv.
jfvB, zfdm skfmfslvsj dbsq djqfmsk zbAfbA …©mskv nfmsb (nQJAfdLjAkfv
Ist) ohG jvh.« (zflf}, bf}, dm} 3091bQ)
zk}iv nfKDv v™i-snZ¦lpG skf mfbcsNv iajxdkok hfdÒk hfnbf. spsrkc ²ÃD nc¦lvD
rst msbv iawfd§À W zfb¦l zdLj rq. zbAfbA vmBDv iadk jJbƒ mb Ycse bf.
iv§Â ªzfïfr nc¦lv. dkdb snZ¦lpGsj iY¦l jsvb.« (dn}n} 1626bQ)
zk}iv slJfv dhNq ndÌbDv sjZmfpG. jcmfvDv dbje sp ncJ zfsY zjcmfvDv dbje
kf sbƒ. êf skf mfbcsNv iajxdkok iY¦l. spsrkc Hfstfhfnfv iaKm …irfv kfv
dbje sist lf©iskA iCBG idvkxdå zfsn. bsy{ pdl kfv msb Hfstfhfnfv dbdÙÁ iChG
W hkGmfb öfmDv siam Wub jvsk wcv¢ jsv ksh snƒ kctbfq kfv r™lq jJsbf iChG
öfmDv dlsj U]csj hkGmfb öfmDsj kc¤YÎfb jsv. zfhfv jJsbf dbsuv HfsoAv ˆƒ
idvhkGbsj hV lcHGfoA msb j'sv Hfstfhfnfv Ffdt Jfdt j'sv vnrDb nQnfv jsv
hkGmfb öfmDv slrifsw. dj§Â mb Kfsj snƒ mxk zKhf snƒ kftfjlfkf öfmDv
dbje. Ist lf©ikA uDhb mLcv rsq osV …Esk ifsv bf. zhwA hkGmfb öfmD iChG
öfmD rsk nhGdhNsq …Ùm rst sn jKf dHâ. iv§Â iajxk lf©ikA-ncJ …isHfo
jvfv …sÜswA diaq bhD  ˆj nfrfhDsj jcmfvD bfvD dhhfr jvsk …äcÝ jsv hstb,
ªsjb jcmfvD jvst bf? sn skfmfsj dbsq ˆhQ kcdm kfsj dbsq siamsjdt jvsk.«
(hc}, mc}, dm} 3088bQ)
zbAÛ dkdb hstb, ªskfmvf jcmfvD dhhfr jv. jfvB jcmfvDslv mcJ zdLj dmdó,
kfslv oHGfwq zdLj n§ÀfbLfvD, kfslv spfbDiK zdLj …ò, kfvf Ytbfq jm rq
ˆhQ ös¬i zdLj n§Àcó Kfsj.« (ƒmf}, dnn} 623bQ, nuf} 4053bQ)
…hGv udmsk sp Instv hDu nhGiaKm svfdik rq snƒ Intƒ Itsb zdLj W
…Ùm rq. Int kcst snƒ udmskƒ zbA Int svfib jvst zfv snƒ snfbfv Int
Ist bf. zbcv™i Hfstfhfnfv hDuW.
zhwA pfv nQnfsv ifÄf oxdrBDv iasqfub, sp kfv sYfe sYfe Hfƒ shfb ƒkAfdlv
ndEj iadkiftb yfq, kfsj zjcmfvD dhLhf dhhfr jvfƒ …dyk. (hc} 2967bQ)
iv§Â pdl sj… sjfb dhLhf hf idvkAÙÁfv iadk ˆhQ kfv n§Àfb-n§Àdkv iadk nlq
rsq kfsj dhhfr-hásb zfhÝ j'sv kfv lcdlGb lCv j'sv ncdlb zfsb ksh dbÇyq sn
hAdÙÁ zdLj nWqfshv zdLjfvD. (mh} 18/119)
nhGdlj dlsq dbsuv mfb spmb, dEj snƒ nmipGfq mfb W idvshswv ifÛD iY¦l
jvf …dyk. ˆsk sj… jfsvfv …iv ohG i»jfw bf jvsk sisv jKfv zfOfsk siasmv
odk hfLfiafå rsh bf. iduwb, dw[f, nHAkf, zKGSbdkj zh²¿f, hQw iaHxdk
…Hsqv nmfb rst snefƒ …Ùm. spmb …Hsqv hqsnv msLA shwD kfvkmA Kfjf
…dyk bq. bsy{ HdhNAsk dhdHâ sufqfv-Hfef slJf dlsk ifsv.
…ipGcÙÁ nhGiajfv ÈB W iduwsbv ifÛD sistƒ snfbfq snfrfof. ˆmb lf©ikA
rsh dyvncsJv ˆhQ ˆmb öfmD rsh hV snZHfoAhfb. i[f§Àsv djYc bf sistW pdl
äDb ifq ksh kfW kfv snZHfsoAv jfvB zhwAƒ.
nckvfQ h… W ufmfƒ iYs¦lv jdóifKv ˆjmfÛ äDb W ydvÛ. hQswv …¤y-bDykf
djYc sbƒ. spsrkc mfbcN njstƒ nmfb. njt mcndtm Hfƒ-Hfƒ. mrfb zfïfr hstb,
ªsr mfbcN! zfdm skfmfslvsj ˆj icv¢N W ˆj bfvD rsk nxdó jsvdY. isv
skfmfslvsj dhHÙÁ jsvdY dhdHâ ufdk W sofsÛ; pfsk skfmvf ˆj zisvv nfsK
idvdyk rsk ifv. skfmfslv msLA sn hAdÙÁƒ zfïfrv dbje zdLj mpGflfn©iâ sp
hAdÙÁ zdLj nQpmD (mcÙfjD W ivsrpofv).« (jc} 49/13)
kfYfVf `Hfstf-m¦l sjfb sofôD-hsBGv msLA dbdlGó bq. iaskAj h²Âv …Ùm, mLAm
W zLm zfsY.' zfv `jfsjv dFm nflf rq, idàskv sYst ofLfW rq.' nckvfQ
dhshyA rt, sp mfbcNsj dbsq zfmfv lvjfv sjht kfvƒ ydvÛ W hAhrfv. zhwA
ifdvifdw¶Gj zh²¿f slJfW lvjfv dbÇyqƒ. jfvB, kfskW jciaHfh iVfv zfwËf
Kfjsk ifsv.
zkˆh hv-jsb dbhGfysbv nmq}

1- ifÛ hf ifÛD sjfbX õcst isVsY ufbfv zfso sjfbX idvshsw mfbcN rsqsY kf
ufbfv syóf jv¢b. jfvB, zsbj nmq hQw Jfvfi rstW idvshw-ÈsB mfbcN nc¦lv
W ydvÛhfb rsq osV …sE.
2- ifÛ hf ifÛDv ydvÛ slJfv zfso kfv hfi-mfsqv ydvÛW dhyfpG. jfvB,
nfLfvBk} `zfef ocsB v¢de zfv mf ocsB shde' ˆhQ `lcL ocsB dO W mf ocsB dU' rsq
Kfsj. zfv `hfijf shef dnifdr jf sOfVf, jcY bf srf skf sKfVf sKfVf.'
3- dhhfr ˆjde nrfh²¿fb sjf©ifbD iadkôfjvsBv bfm. nckvfQ ˆmb nÌD dbhGfyb
jvf …dyk pfsk …Hsqv ifbfrfv iajxdk W ydvsÛ dmt Jfq. bsy{ zytfh²¿fv
zfwËfƒ shwD. (kczf} 49ix})
zhwA jfsvf hfdrAj äDblfvD slsJW sLfjf JfWqf …dyk bq. jfvB, njft 7 efq
jf…sj bfmfp iVsk slJstƒ sp sn yfwXskv bfmfp isV sn LfvBf HctW rsk ifsv.
sjbbf, rsk ifsv sn yfwXskv bq hvQ Iusvv jfpf zflfq jvdYt.
zbcv™i jfsvf hfsiv äDblfvDv mk jKf wcsb zKhf sjht jfsvf Hfsqv hf hcbfsqv
äDblfvDv jKf wcsb kfv äDblfvD rWqfsk dbdÇyk rsq sLfjf JfWqfW zbcdyk. sJfl
ifÛ hf ifÛD sjmb kf nhGiaKm W swN dhyfpG.
zbcv™i mft-Lb zfsY dj bf, ifh dj bf ifh -kfW dhyfpG bq. jfvB, kf skf zfu
zfsY jft bfW Kfjsk ifsv. zfhfv zfu bf Kfjst jft ˆsn spskW ifsv. zfdm
spmb dEj skmdb Osv dhhfr jvf hf slWqfƒ …dyk. dhswN jsv OcN (smfef efjf iB)
dlsq hV Osv Tcjsk pfWqf dEj bq.
ÎfbDvf hstb, `skfmfv sysq sp bDsy kfv nÌkf oarB jsvf bf. jfvB, rqskf kcdm
kfv mCJGkfq jó ifsh ˆhQ skfmfv sysq sp …s¤y kfvW nfKD rsqf bf. jfvB,
n©Hhk} sn skfmfv …iv ohG W zrQjfv iajfw jvsh. kcdm spmb dEj skmb
nmmfsbv hác, nÌD W uDhb-ndÌbD oarB jsvf, kfsk skfmfv mb sjfb iajfv hAdKk
rsh bf.'
rfdk-Wqftfv ndrk háck¶ jvst rfdk vfJfv mk Ov dbsusj hfbfsk rsh. bkchf
`hVv divDdk hfdtv h]fL, [sB rfsk ldV [sB y]fl.'
ˆ jKf Hfhf pfq sp, hV hfdVsk smsq iVst kfv sJsk-ivsk sjfb jó rsh bf;
ncsJ Kfjsh. dj§Â kfv dbÇyqkf sjfKfq? `hV ofsYv ktfq hfn, Fft HfÌstƒ
nhGbfw.'
smsqv zdHHfhsjv …dyk, smsqv v¢dy W iYs¦lv sJqft vfJf. zhwA kfv rfsk
sFfv sYsV slWqf …dyk bq. iv§Â äDsbv sFfv sjfb nmqƒ YfVfv bq. jfvB,
nfLfvBk} smsqslv j¬ibfq Kfsj,
`vsnv bfov, v™siv nfov, pdl Lb ifƒ,
zflv jsv jdv kfsv hfsiv ufmfƒ.'
hfnX! ˆƒ rt sHfohfdlbD W ivstfj nìsá zá bfvDslv zfwf. ˆvf sjht
hfdrAj lxdóv snZ¦lpG iY¦l W jfmbf jsv; dj§Â z§ÀlxGdóv snZ¦lpG ziasqfubDq Hfsh!
kfvf ufsb bf sp, jc{dnk msbv sKsj jc{dnk mcJ zsbj Hfstf.
zkˆh ˆjfsu zdHHfhjsj kfv smsqv nrfqj rWqf ˆjf§À Ivp. kfƒ skf
smsqv dhhfsr zdHHfhj Kfjfv wkGfsvfi jvf rsqsY.
zfhc zlfzfr hstb, zfdm nf„l dhb mcnfƒsqshv lsnG hnkfm. djYc dlb dkdb
zfmfsj slJsk bf sisq pJb zfdm k]fv dbje ˆtfm, kJb zfmfsj duÎfnf
jvstb, `kcdm dYst sjfKfq?' zfdm httfm, `zfmfv ²ÃD mfvf sot; snƒ dbsq
djYcdlb hA²À dYtfm.' dkdb htstb, `zfmfslvsj Jhv lfWdb sjb? kfv ufbfpf
iVkfm.' kfviv …sE yst zfnfv ƒ¤Yf jvst dkdb zfmfsj htstb, `däkDq dhhfr
jvst bf sjb?' zfdm httfm, `zfïfr zfibfsj vrm jv¢b! sj zfmfsj smsq
slsh? zfdm skf lcƒ dj dkb dlvrfsmv mfdtj mfÛ.' dkdb htstb, `pdl zfdm dlƒ,
ksh kcdm jvsh dj?' zfdm httfm, ùD rAf].'
nsÌ nsÌ sJf{hf ifE jsv 2 dj 3 dlvrfm smfrsvv dhdbmsq kf]v smsqv ndrk
zfmfv dhhfr idVsq dlstb. kfviv zfdm …sE ˆtfm. kJb JcwDsk zfdm
djQjkGhAdhmCP. Osv ˆsn tfotfm dy§Àf jvsk; ‡B jvsk rsh, jfv dbje jdv?
mfodvshv bfmfp iVtfm. svfpfq dYtfm sndlb. ƒIkfv jsv vfskv Jfbf sJtfm.
Jfbf dYt v¢de W skt. ƒkAhnsv sj lvufq zfOfk jvt. zfdm httfm, `sj?'
zfo§Âj htt, `zfdm nf„l.' Hfhtfm, dkdb dj nf„l dhb mcnfƒsqh? k]fsj skf
ydïw hYv pfh{ Ov sKsj mndul YfVf zbA sjfKfW spsk slJf pfq db. …sE lvuf
Jctskƒ sldJ …dbƒ. LfvBf jvtfm, rqskf hf mk idvhkGb rsqsY. zfdm httfm,
`zfhc mcrf©ml! zfidb dbsu ˆstb! zfmfsj sFsj ifEfsk ifvskb? zfdm zfibfv
dbje zfnkfm.' dkdb htstb, `bf. ˆv rjlfv kcdm.' zfdm httfm, `zfslw
jv¢b.' dkdb htstb, `Hfhtfm, dhikµDj icv¢N kcdm; zKy skfmfv dhhfr rt. kfƒ
kcdm ˆjfjD vfk jfefW êf ziY¦l jvtfm. ˆƒ bfW skfmfv ²ÃD!'
slJtfm, sn kf]v snfufncdu iÇyfsk ntÏ làfqmfbf. zk}iv dkdb kfsj lvuf
ifv jsv dlsq lvuf há jsv ia²¿fb jvstb. tÏfq sn spb lvufv nfsK dmsw
sot. zfdm hfdVv Yfsl ysV iadkshwDv njtsj r]fj dltfm. njstƒ htt, `dj
hAfifv?' zfdm httfm, `nf„l kf]v smsqv nsÌ zfmfv dhhfr dlsqsYb. rEf{ jsv
dkdb kf]v smsqsj zfmfv Osv dlsq sostb. ‰ WJfsb lf]dVsq vsqsY.' njt mdrtf
kfsj slJsk ˆt.
zfmfv mfsqv jfsY Jhv sost dkdb ˆsn htstb, `dkb dlb bf nfufsbf ipG§À pdl
kcdm Wsj ±iwG jsvf ksh zfmfv syrfvf slJf skfmfv ubA rfvfm.' zkˆh dkb dlb
zsi[fv iv kfv ndrk hfnv-wpAfq dmdtk rtfm. slJtfm sn zbAkmf nc¦lvD,
jcvzfsbv rfsIp, zfïfrv vnCt  ˆv ncâfr dhNsq ncdhÎf ˆhQ öfmDv zdLjfv
dhNsq nhuf§Àf.
ˆviv ˆjmfn W²Àfl nf„slv dbje zfmfv pfWqf-zfnf dYt bf. zk}iv ˆjdlb
kf]v mndusl dosq nftfm dlst dkdb …Ùv dlstb. dj§Â sjfb jKf htstb bf.
k{iv nm²À stfj pJb mndul sKsj shv rsq sot, kJb ˆjf sisq zfmfsj
duÎfnf jvstb. `‰ stfjefv Jhv dj?' zfdm httfm, `kfv Jhv ˆmb; pf hácsk
iY¦l zfv wÛ¢sk ziY¦l jvsh.' dkdb htstb, `pdl kfv sjfb dhNq skfmfsj
nd¦lrfb jsv, ksh tfdE hAhrfv jsvf.' zk}iv hfdV dIsv ˆtfm.
nf„slv smsq; pfsj JtDIf zfèct mfstj dhb mfvWqfb k]fv sYst ztDslv ubA
iqofm dlsqdYstb. dj§Â dkdb vfuidvhfsv smsqv dhhfr dlsk zöDjfv jsvdYstb.
zhswsN iY¦l jvstb ˆj äDblfv ovDhsj! (zdIqfkct zf'ƒqfb 2/377)
mchfvj zfhc zfècïfrv hAfifsv jdKk zfsY sp, dkdb k]fv iaHc (mbDh) ˆv hfofsb
jfu jvskb. k]fv iaHc hfofb-mfdtj rfmfpfsbv hV hAhnfqD dYstb. ˆjdlb
hfofsb ˆsn lfnsj htstb, `mchfvj! ˆjde dmdó shlfbf yfƒ.'
mchfvj ofY rsk Jc]su Jc]su ˆjde shlfbf iaHcv rfsk dlstb. iaHc skf sHsÌ
sJskƒ yse …Estb. htstb, `skfmfsj dmdó slsJ zfbsk httfm, zKy ej shsYƒ
dbsq ˆst? dmdó slsJ dbsq ˆn.'
mchfvj zbA ˆjde ofY sKsj zfv ˆjde shlfbf ˆsb dlst dkdb sJsq slJstb
snefW ej. svso kxkDqhfv ifEfst ˆjƒ zh²¿f. iaHc htstb, `zfsv kcdm ej zfv
dmdó shlfbf jfsj hst syb bf?' htstb, ùD bf. zfibfv zbcmdk bf sisq dj jsv
sJkfm?'
lfsnv ˆƒ zfmfbklfvD W nkkf slsJ i»Hc zhfj rstb. kf]v syfsJ k]fv jlv W
mpGflf hxdÝ sit.
iaHcv dYt ˆj nc¦lvD jbAf. hù hV hV idvhfv sKsjƒ kfv dhsqv nìá zfndYt.
ˆjlf iaHc mchfvjsj sFsj htstb, `zfmfv smsqv ndrk sjmb stfsjv dhsq rWqf
…dyk ht skf?' mchfvj htstb, ùfsrdtqfk pcsov stfsjvf hQw W jctmfb slsJ
dhsq dlk, ƒqfùlDvf slq Lb slsJ, J»Dófbvf slq v™i-snZ¦lpG slsJ. dj§Â ˆƒ …©mk
sjht äDb slsJƒ dhsq dlsq Kfsj.'
ˆ Lvsbv ÎfboHG jKf iaHcv hV iY¦l rt. mchfvsjv jKf iaHc kf]v ²ÃDv dbje
…sïJ jsv htstb, `zfdm skf smsqv ubA mchfvsjv sysq zdLj …ipcÙÁ ifÛ zfv
jf…sj msb jdv bf.'
rsqW sot dhhfr. dikf …Hqsj iaycv zKG dlsq kf]slv lf©iskA nfrfpA jvstb.
ˆƒ snƒ l©idk pf]slv ŠvsN u¦m dbsqdYstb i»dnÝ mcrfdÜn, pfsrl, hDv mcpfdrl
zfècïfr dhb mchfvj. (zdIqfkct zf'ƒqfb, ƒhsb Jfsïjfb 2/238)
ˆƒ dYt smsqv hfhfslv kfslv smsqslv zfsJvfk hfbfsbfv iadk sJqft svsJ ifÛ
iY¦l jvfv iÝdk. lcdbqflfvDv iadk sJqft svsJ bq.
ˆj hAdÙÁ rfnfb hfnvD (v}) sj duÎfnf jvt, `zfmfv ˆjde smsq zfsY. hù
ufqof rsk kfv dhsqv jKf zfnsY. jfsj slh htsk ifsvb?'
rfnfb htstb, `snƒ icv¢N slsJ smsq lfW; sp zfïfrsj Hq jsv (sp ivsrpofv).
ˆsk pdl sn kfsj Hfstfhfsn kfrst kfv pKfKG jlv jvsh. zfv Hfstf bf hfnst
sn kfv …iv zkAfyfv jvsh bf. (…qCbct zfJhfv, ƒhsb jckfƒhfr 4/17)
wcLc zdHHfhjƒ bq hvQ sJfl smsqslvsjW ˆ hAfifsv nsykb rWqf …dyk.
zfhC kftrf kJb ƒntfm oarB jsvbdb. dkdb …s©m nctfƒmsj dhhfsrv ia²Àfh
dlst …s©m nctfƒm htstb, `zfibfv mk pchj öfmD rWqfv spfoA; vlXspfoA bb.
dj§Â zfidb skf jfsIv. zfv zfdm rtfm ˆjub mcndtm bfvD. kfƒ zfmfslv msLA
dhhfr wcÝ bq.' zfhC kftrf Lb-slZtskv stfH sldJsq htstb, `kcdm dj snfbf-
yf]dl W zKG sisq JcwD rsk ifvsh bf?'
…s©m nctfƒm htstb, `zfdm snfbf y]fdl djYcƒ yfƒbf. dj§Â zfidb ˆmb mfbcN; sp
wcbsk ifq bf, slJsk ifqbf ˆhQ sjfb …ijfv jvsk ifsv bf ˆmb sjfb rfhwD
lfsnv oVf jfsEv (mCdkG) iCuf jsvb. ˆsk dj zfibfv dhshsj hfsL bf? wcbcb, pdl
zfidb mcntmfb rb, kfrst zfdm zfibfsj dhsq jvh. zfv ƒntfm rsh zfmfv
smfrv! ˆ YfVf zbA djYc zfdm smfrvv™si yfƒbf! (kczf} 52-53ix})
…sïJA sp, zfmfv ˆj YfÛD mcJ Jcst jsqjde dhhfr ia²Àfh vlX jvst kfsj vfuD
jvfhfv ubA kfv zdHHfhj zfmfsj lfdqk¶ slb. vslv jfvB duÎfnf jvst sn
zfmfsj zflshv nfsK ufbft. ùD, Wvf mfpfv iCuf jsv.' zbA ˆj ia²Àfshv uhfsh
htt, `zfdm wcsbdY Wslv hfdVsk de-dH zfsY. zfmfv Hq rq sp zfdm Jfvfi rsq
pfh?!'
ˆv™i äDblfvD uhfh wcsb zfdm zhfj bf rsq ˆhQ kfsj wk LbAhfl W lczf bf
dlsq ifdvdb.
n†lD zfvshv zft-mfumfzfr wrsv ˆjjfst zfdm dhhfr svdu±eºDv mcrvD
(stJj) dYtfm. ˆj dhhfr mudtsn ifÛDv wkG dtJfv nmq 1m wkG dYt, sn
jstsuv zLAqb swN jvsh. 2q wkG dYt, ifÛ dnofsve Jfq, kfsj dnofsve JfWqf
YfVsk rsh!
…ÙÁ wkG iftsb hv n©mk dj bf, kf ufbsk kfsj iaw´ jvf rst sn htt, `YfVfv
syóf jvh.' jsbv jfsY kf htf rst sn htt, `syóf bq; wskG dtJcb, zfu sKsjƒ
YfVsh ˆhQ spdlb sn icbvfq dnofsve Jfsh sndlb zfmfv ˆj kftfj hst oBA rsh!
mudtsn sp hfrhf W lczfv swfv …sEdYt kf htfƒ hfùtA. idvswsN ˆƒ wskG hv
öf[v jsvdYt. zfdm dbu rfsk snƒ wkG dtsJdYtfm. zfu nmfsu lvjfv zfsY
ˆmb ocBhkD jbAfv.
dj§Â rfq! bfvDv mCtAmfb jsm pfWqfv Ist ˆhQ isBv yfsiv mcsJ hù ocBhkD
jsb zmk nsÙ¶W zspfoA ifsÛv ia²Àfh iakAfJAfb jvsk ifsv bf. jvst rqskf
zdHHfhjslv jKfv u¶ftf nrA jvfƒ lfq rsq …Esh. i[f§Àsv ifsÛv lfdV zfsY
hst zKhf smtf-sJtfq dbsq pfsh bf hst ifÛ vlX jvst kJb zdHHfhsjv sjfb
zncdhLf rq bf. hvQ `ˆJb sYfe smsq, wj-zfr½fl Kfjsk rsh Sh dj' -hst äDblfv
ifÛ dIdvsq dlsk ˆkecjc tÏfshfL rq bf. zKy lfhD jsv, `kfvf bfdj mcntmfb!'
nckvfQ äDblfvD W ydvÛ hAkDk zfdHufkA, bfm jvf hQw, pw, n©il, il iaHxdk
dhshybf jsv dhhfr dlst hf jvst lf©ikA-ncsJv ncdbdÇyk zfwf jvf pfq bf. diaq
bhD  hstb, ªskfmfslv dbje pJb ˆmb hAdÙÁ (dhhfsrv iqofm dbsq) zfsn; pfv
äDb W ydvsÛ skfmvf mcÊ kJb kfv ndrk (smsqv) dhhfr lfW. pdl kf bf jv
kfrst ixdKhDsk dI{bf W mrfIfnfl nxdó rsq pfsh.« (dnn} 1022bQ) dkdb zfsvf
hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ zfïfrv n§ÂdótfsHv …sÜswA djYc lfb jsv, djYc slWqf rsk
dhvk Kfsj, jf…sj Hfstfhfsn zKhf OxBfhfsn ˆhQ kf]vƒ n§ÂdótfsHv jKf sJqft
jsv dhhfr slq, kfv „mfb iCBGfÌ „mfb.« (zf}, rf}, hf}, ndk} 2046 bQ)
zkˆh äDb W ydvsÛƒ ifÛ-ifÛDv nmkf uv¢vD. jfvB, njt iajfv hBG-ShNmA,
háb W …¤ykf-dbyckfv iafyDv ycvmfv jsv slq äDb W kfjWqf.
sjfb äDblfv ilGf-siamD ifÛ-ifÛDv ubA Ifsnj shilGf-siamD ifÛ-ifÛD rsk ifsv
bf. sjfb skZrDlhflD ifÛ-ifÛDv ubA sjfb dhlzfkD hf mfpfvD ifÛ-ifÛD rsk ifsv
bf. dmEfifdbv mfsYv ndrk zbcv™i mfsYv dhhfr swfHbDq ˆhQ sbfbfifdbv mfsYv
ndrk zbcv™i mfsYv dhhfrƒ mfbfbnƒ. bkchf dmEf ifdbv mfsYv sbfbf ifdbsk ˆsn
ˆhQ sbfbf ifdbv mfsYv dmEf ifdbsk ˆsn hfn jvf jdEbƒ rsh. zfv mfbfbnƒ
kJbƒ rq; pJb `pAfqnb jf kAfqnb wcjde jf hAfqob'-ˆv Ov isV. ˆsk öfmD-
²ÃDv mfb-zimfsbv hAfifvef nmfb ipGfsq Kfsj. bsy{ ˆƒ znmkfv jfvsBƒ jfsvf
²ÃD iaHc rq zKhf lfnD. i[f§Àsv nmkfv ²ÃD rq hác. so]sqf ifÛ-ifÛDv is[ wùsv,
dwd[skv is[ zdwd[k, ldvslav is[ LbD ifÛ-ifÛD Jch jmƒ ncJ zfbsk ifsv.
klbcv™i shilGf idvshswv ifÛD ilGf idvshsw ˆst kfv lm há rsq pfq! jfvB,
uÌstv ifJDsj snfbfv J]fyf dlstW kfv mb isV Kfsj uÌst. sjbbf, sn ilGfv
idvshwsj J]fyfƒ msb jsv! kfƒ sn dbsuW ˆmb idvshsw wfd§À ifq bf ˆhQ
„NGfhfb öfmDW kfsj dbsq zwfd§À sHfo jsv. hb sKsj hfO kcst ˆsb kfv pkƒ
kvdhqk slWqf srfj ˆhQ sifN mfbfsbf pfj bf sjb, khcW kfv mb sKsj dj§Â hb
kcst sItf pfq bf. kfƒ sn nlf I]fj sJf]su, I]fdj dlsk syóf jsv; ˆmbdj sLfjfW
dlsq hsn zsbj nmq.
zhwA ˆnh djYc rq äDblfvD kvdhqk dTst rWqfv Istƒ. äDb W kfjWqf
Kfjst öfmD-²ÃD jfsvfƒ zncdhLf rq bf.
ˆjef dhNq sJqft vfJfv sp, sjfb ifÛ hf ifÛD n©isjG ufbsk kfv äDb dhNsq
iaKsm iaw´ jvf …dy{ bq. bsy{ ˆviv snZ¦lpGfdl iY¦l bf rsq kfsj vlX jvst
äDblfv vlX jvf rq ˆhQ kfsk mrfbhD  ˆv dhsvfdLkf rq. zkˆh jkxGis[v
…dyk sp, zbAfbA dhNsq iaKsm iY¦l rsq swsN äDb dhNsq iaw´ (zhwAƒ) jsv äDb
Kfjst oarB jvsh, bkchf vlX jsv slsh; pJb wvDqskv dhivDk ytf rsk sh]sy
pfsh. jKfq hst, `zfso lwGb Lfdv, swsN ÈB dhyfdv.'
iajfw sp, ifÛD iYs¦lv ubA sufVf-ë™, jcioft ƒkAfdl wcH-zwcsHv djYc t[B bq.
ifÛ hf ifÛi[ ifdvifdw¶Gj zh²¿f, idvshw ƒkAfdl slsJ W duÎfnfhfl jsv sjfb
ifÛD iY¦l rst kfv zdHHfhjsj dhhfsrv ia²Àfh slsh. ksh kfv iCshG slJf …dy{
sp, snƒ ifÛD ˆƒ ifsÛv ubA omAf dj bf. zomAf hf zShL rst kfsj dhhfr ia²Àfh
slWqf rfvfm.
zbcv™i pdl kfv iCshG zbA ifdBiafKDG ‰ ifÛDv ubA ia²Àfh dlsq Kfsj, kfrst sn
uhfh bf slWqf ipG§À kfv ia²Àfshv …iv ia²Àfh hf (lv jNfjdN jsv) iastfHb ShL
bq. zsbAv zdLjfsv r²Às[i jvf ˆhQ ˆsk dhsäN osV skftf mcndtsmv jfu bq.
diaq bhD  hstb, ªˆj mcndtm ziv mcndtsmv Hfƒ. nckvfQ kfv ubA kfv
Hfsqv ÛÁq-dhÛÁsqv …iv ÛÁq-dhÛÁq ˆhQ dhhfr-ia²Àfshv …iv dhhfr ia²Àfh -kfv
sYsV bf slWqf ipG§À- rftft bq. (hc}, mc} 1414bQ)
ifÛD pdl jfsvf kftfjiafåf ²ÃD rq ksh kfv ƒÜsk kfsj dhhfr-iqofm slWqf
rfvfm. öfmD-mxkcAv ƒÜsk Kfjst ±ióHfsh ia²Àfh slWqf dbdNÝ. ƒdÌsk slWqf
yst. mrfb zfïfr hstb, ªzfv pdl skfmvf zfHfsn-ƒdÌsk …ÙÁ vmBDslvsj
dhhfr-ia²Àfh lfW zKhf z§Àsv kf sofib vfJ, ksh kfsk skfmfslv slfN rsh bf.
zfïfr ufsbb sp, skfmvf kfslv nìsá zfstfybf jvsh. dj§Â dhdLmk jKfhfkGf
YfVf sofisb kfslv dbje sjfb zÌDjfv jsvf bf. dbdlGó nmq zdkhfdrk bf rWqf
ipG§À dhhfrjfpG n©iâ jvfv nQj¬i jsvf bf ˆhQ susb vfJ, zfïfr skfmfslv
msbfHfh ufsbb. zkˆh kf]sj Hq jv.« (jc} 2/235)
zbcv™i rÏ hf …mvf jvsk dosq ƒrvfm zh²¿fq sjfb bfvDsj dhhfr ia²Àfh
slWqf zShL. (nuf} 7809bQ)
dhhfsrv iCshG ifÛ-ifÛDv vÙÁ, hDpG iaHxdk ivD[f jsv kfvf svfomcÙÁ dj bf kf
slsJ sbWqfv nmKGb vsqsY ƒntfsm. diaq bhD  hstb, ªskfmvf jcôsvfo rsk lCsv
sKsjf; spmb hfO rsk lCsv itfqb jv.« (hc} 5797bQ)
ªymGsvfofÛÁf§À …s]ev mfdtj spb nc²¿ …]e lst kfv …]e bf dbsq pfq.« (hc} 5771bQ)
ªjfsvf ubA zisvv sjfb iajfv [dk jvf ShL bq. sjfb lc'usbv ubA
i»dkswfLmCtj iv±ivsj [dkoa²À jvfW ShL bq.« (zf}, mf}, ƒmf} 2340, 2341 bQ)
ifÛD lwb
G
ifÛD snZ¦lspG pkƒ iadnÝ srfj khcW kfsj dhhfsrv iCshG ˆj Utj slsJ sbWqf
…Ùm. Oesjv yejlfv jKfq n©iCBG dhÇhfn W zf²¿f bf svsJ uDhb-ndÌbDsj uDhb
kvDsk yVfhfv iCshG öys[ pfyfƒ jsv sbWqfƒ hcdÝmfsbv jfu. ˆsk dhhfsrv iv
öfmD-²ÃDv mfsU hásb mLCvkf zfsn, zdLj Hfstfhfnf nxdó rq. ˆsj zivsj
slfNfsvfi jvf sKsj hf]yf pfq ˆhQ dhhfsrv iv i²Àfsk rq bf.
ifÛD slJsk dosq ifÛ pf slJsh kf rt, ifÛDv sjht syrfvf W jdç ipG§À
r²Àäq. zbAfbA zÌ slJf hf slJfsbf ShL bq. jfvB, ˆmdbsk sjfb omAf bfvDv iadk
lxjXifk jvfƒ zShL. kfƒ iasqfusb pf ShL, kf rt ifÛDv ‰ lcƒ zÌ.
ˆƒ lwGsbv nmq ifÛDv nfsK spb kfv hfi hf Hfƒ hf sjfb mfrvfm Kfsj. kfsj
ifsÛv ndrk ˆjfdjbD sjfb v¢sm sYsV slWqf ShL bq. pdlW dhsqv jKf ifÄf rq.
ifÛ spb ifÛDv iadk jfmbusv bf slsJ. (mcobD 6/553) zfv lwGsbv nmq kfsj
dhhfr jvfv spb ifÄf ƒvflf Kfsj.
ifÛDsj idvyq duÎfnf ShL. ksh tìf nmq Lsv hdnsq vfJf ShL bq ˆhQ hfvhfv
hùhfv zKhf zdbsmNsbsÛ lDOG[B kfv iadk lxdó vfJfW zShL. zbcv™i ˆjhfv
slJfv iv icbvfq slJf hf slJsk yfWqf ShL bq. (lkf} 28ix})
ifÛDv ndrk mcnfIfrf jvf, vnftfi W vrnA jvfW zShL. djYc[B kfslv mfsU
r™lsqv zflfb-ialfb srfj, ˆƒ hst ncspfo slWqf zdHHfhsjv ubA rfvfm.
ˆƒ nmq ifÛDv mb hV jvfv ubA djYc …irfv slWqf …Ùm. jfvB,
ªn¹xdk dlsq h]fLf Kfsj iaDdk, iaDdk dlsq h]fLf Kfsj mb,
…irfsv hf]Lf Kfsj n¹xdk, kfƒ slWqf iasqfub.«
zhwA ifÛDv ost dbsu rfv ivfsbf hf rfk Lsv OdV zKhf zfQde ivfsbf rfvfm.
iv§Â iqofsmv zfQde hst djYc sbƒ. ˆmb zÌcvDqsj wcHfwcH djYc LfvBf jvf
dhlzfk W dwjG. pf ifÇyfkA-nHAkfv vDdk. (zfI} 10 ix}, zfdu} 212ix})
ˆviv iY¦l-ziYs¦lv jKf Hfhbf-dy§Àf jsv isv ufbfsh.
zbcôfb jsv [sBsjv slJfq ifÛD zfymjf nc¦lvD msb rsk ifsv zKhf ianfLb W
nfunÏfq sLfjfW rsk ifsv. kfƒ pdl sj… dhhfr jvfv ifÄf dbqsk dbu ifÛDsj
kfv W kfv zdHHfhsjv zufs§À sofisb sKsj tcdjsq slsJ, kfrst kfW ShL. ksh
ˆmb ²¿fb sKsj tcdjsq slJf ShL bq, spJfsb sn kfv ˆjf§À sofibDq zÌ iajfw
jvsk ifsv. zkˆh õcstv isK hf sjfb zfk¹Dqv hfdVsk sKsjW slJf pfq.
diaq bhD  hstb, ªpJb skfmfslv sj… sjfb vmBDsj dhhfr ia²Àfh slq, kJb
pdl ia²Àfshv ubAƒ kfsj slsJ ksh kf lCNBDq bq; pdlW ‰ vmBD kf ufbsk bf
ifsv.« (dnn} 97bQ)
nfrfhD ufshv dhb zfècïfr hstb, `zfdm ˆj kv¢BDsj dhhfsrv ia²Àfh dlst kfsj
slJfv ubA tcdjsq Kfjkfm. swN ipG§À zfdm kfv snƒ snZ¦lpG slJtfm pf zfmfsj
dhhfr jvsk …{nfdrk jvt. zk}iv zfdm kfsj dhhfr jvtfm. (dnn} 99bQ)
ifÛD slJfv nmq jfstf jtsI pchj snsu kfsj sLfjf slWqf rfvfm. spmb
ifÛDis[v ubA rfvfm, ˆjubsj sldJsq zivusbv ndrk ifsÛv dhsq slWqf.
diaq bhD  hstb, ªsp (jf…sj) sLfjf slq sn zfmfslv ltHcÙÁ bq.« (ƒv} 1319bQ)
i[f§Àsv ˆjusbv nfsK dhhfsrv jKfhfkGf rsq dhhfr-hásbv nmq zsbAv nfsK
sLfjf dlsq dhsq dlst sn dhhfr wcÝ bq. ˆmb jvst smsqsj hAdHyfv jvsk slWqf
rsh. (rfdwqfkc vWdpt mcvfêf' 6/254)
ifsÛv hfdVv sp sjfb mdrtf h… slJsk ifsv. ksh ifÛ YfVf sjfb zbA icv¢N
slJsk ifsv bf; ifsÛv hfi-yfyfW bq. nckvfQ hcbfƒ hf hác nr ifsÛv ifÛD slJf
„NGfrDbkf W äDb-dhsvfdLkf. ifÛD W ifÛDis[v …dyk, ˆjmfÛ ifÛ YfVf zbA
sjfb icv¢Nsj ifÛDv syrfvf bf slJfsbf. bsy{ ˆsk njstƒ nmfb sofbfrofv rsh.
dj§Â sp bfvDsj bf yfƒstW slJf pfq, sn (se]f-se]f sjf©ifbD) bfvD W kfv
zdHHfhsjv zh²¿f dj kf zbcsmq.
ifÛD slJfv zfso zKhf isv hfdVv stfjsj slJfsbfv ubA ifÛDv Isef hf Ydh
sbWqf ˆhQ ifÛDis[v kf slWqf ƒntfsm dbdNÝ. dhswN jsv dhhfr bf rst sn Ydh
vsq pfsh ˆ shofbfv jfsY. kfYfVf „NGfrDb icv¢N rst snƒ Ydh kfv hác-hfáh W
zbAfbA icv¢N kxdåv nfsK lwGb jvsh. pfsk ifÛD W kfv zdHHfhsjv tÏf rWqf
…dyk.
zhwA iaodkwDt (lcoGdkwDt) zdHHfhsjv jfsY ˆnh LmDGq hfBD rfnAjv. dj§Â
zfïfrv zfpfh kfv ubA HqQjv. ªnckvfQ pfvf k]fv zfslswv dhv¢ÝfyvB jsv
kfvf nkjG srfj sp, dhipGq zKhf jdEb wfd²À kfslvsj oafn jvsh.« (jc} 24/63)
i[f§Àsv ifÛDsj nvfndv bf slsJ kfv Ydh slsJ iY¦l ndEj bfW rsk ifsv.
jfvB, Ydhsk snZ¦lpG hLGb ˆhQ Û¢de sofib jvf pfq sn jKf rqskf iafq njstƒ
ufsb.
ifÛDvW iY¦l-ziYs¦lv zdLjfv zfsY. nckvfQ ifÛsj ‰ nmq slsJ sbsh.
(dhhfsrv dlb dhhfrhásbv iCshG hfdVsk slJfq dhswN tfH rq bf.) kfv iY¦l bf
rst snW vlX jvsk ifsv. (lkf} 35ix})
dhswN jsv zifÛ, dhlzfkD, mfpfvD, shbfmfpD, Ifsnj, LCmifqD, mlAifqD,
hlsmufuD iaHxdk slsJ W wcsb kfsj dhsq jvsk vfuD bf rWqfƒ Wqfsuh. dj§Â
rfq! sn ncifÛ zfv j'ub ncwDtfv HfsoA sufse. zfv sn ncwDtfƒ hf zfsY j'ub?
i[f§Àsv äDb W ydvsÛv zbcjCt sjfb dhNq ziY¦l jsv zmk iajfw jvf
zfLcdbjfslv bkcb IAfwfb. kfƒ skf sj… ifÛ ziY¦l jsv ˆƒ usbA sp, ifsÛv
lfdV zfsY! zKhf shfvjf ivsk rsh. hfƒsv spsk ifsh bf! dnsbmf W smtf-sJtf
slJsk ifsh bf. ifÛ iAf¦eX isv bf, ifsÛv drdæ sbƒ, snfuf efƒsiv kfƒ -pdlW sn
sJfuf bq! kfƒ skf pchjvf zfïfr W klDq vnCstv dhv¢ÝfyvB jsv kfslv diaqkmf
W iaBdqbDslv ˆjf§À zbcok rsk wcv¢ jsvsY. bsy{ rqskf dhsqƒ rsh bf zKhf
si»qnDv mbnÌ ifsh bf! isBv ovm hfufsvW ˆv™i …lfrvB psKó idvlxó rq!
jfbf shÈsbv sFfotf JsÜsvv zHfh sbƒ sjfKfW! hvQ ˆƒ shÈb W kfv JsÜv
dlsqƒ rfsev iafq nm²À ²¿fb iCBG. nckvfQ zfïfrv ifbfr.
ˆjswaBDv nHA (?) mfbcN pfvf h… slJsk dosq äDb dhNsq sjfb iaw´ jsv bf.
`bfmfp isV dj bf, jcvzfb iVsk ufsb dj bf' -ˆnh dhNq ufbfv sjfb iasqfubƒ
msb jsv bf. i[f§Àsv bfy-ofb ufsb dj bf, snkfvf-shrftf hfufsk ifsv dj bf -sn
nh dhNsq iaLfb iaw´ Kfsj! zfrf! i]fyubsj sJfw jvsk ifvst kshƒ skf h… dbsq
ohG rsh!
ifÛD iY¦l bf rst ifÛ hf ifÛi[ ƒdÌsk ufdbsq slsh sp, ˆ dhsq oVf kfslv
is[ n©Hh rs¤Y bf. ±ióv™si ifÛDv sjfb slfN-Û¢de kfv zdHHfhj hf zbA
stfsjv nfmsb hBGbf jvsh bf. sp …irfv dlsq ifÛDv mcJ slsJdYt kf zfv sIv{
sbWqf ShL bq, …dykW bq. ksh dhsq rshƒ msb jsv pdl zdoam djYc smfrvfbf
(h'st …sïJ jsv) dlsq Kfsj ksh kf sIv{ sbWqf ShL ˆhQ ifÛDis[v kf sIv{
slWqf jkGhA. (ƒ'tfmct mczfdÄ„b 2/50)
iv§Â nfmfbA Û¢dev jfvsB dhhfsr uhfh dlsq zÌDjfv HÌ jvf ShL bq. jfvB
zÌDjfvhÝ rsq kf HÌ jvf mcbfdIsjv t[B. (dm} 56bQ)
spmb sjfb `KfFG ifdeG'v jKfq jfb dlsq zKhf sjfb drQncsjv jfb-HfÌfdb wcsb
dhsq sHsÌ ifÛDv mb HfÌf …dyk bq.
zbcv™i msb iY¦l rstW ìsB' iY¦l bf rsq ifÛDv sjfb J]ck shv jsv dhsqsk
uhfh slWqf dbOGfk Fht zbAfq. bW-nìsáv sHfsuv Ffst thB jm rsqdYt hst
`Wvf mfbcsNv mfb ufsb bf' lcbGfm dlsq äDblfv ifÛD vlX jvfW hcdÝmfsbv jfu bq.
siecsjv mk sJsq shVfsbf zHAfn rst, dhsqv ifÄf ƒvflf bf dbsq (sp smsq rfvfm
sn) ifÛD slsJ shVfst, dbÇyq kf n¤ydvÛhfb mfbcsNv vDdk bq.
Shhfdrj n©ijG jfsqm jvfv hAfifsv sjfb äDblfv mfbcN pdl jfsvf jfsY ivfmwG
sbq ksh ifÛ hf ifÛDv slfN-ocB Jcst htf zhwAƒ …dyk. (dm}3324) spsrkc
mcndtm Hfƒ pdl kfv nms[, kfv ufbsk-wcbsk sjfb shäDb hf dhlzfkD W sbfQvf
idvshsw siamnCÛ ²¿fib jsv dhisl isV ksh dbÇyq ˆv lfdqk¶ sn hrb jvsh.
spsrkc ndEj ivfmwG slWqf ˆj zfmfbk. zhwA zsrkcj dbYj sjfb hAdÙÁok
öfsKG hf drQnfq zdkvÓb jsv hf pf bq kf hst dhsq HfÌfsbfW mrfifi. kfYfVf
ivdrSkdNkf äDsbv ˆj iaLfb t[A. (mc}, dm} 4966bQ) ˆ ts[A si]ZYsbf njt
mcndtsmv jkGhA.
iv§Â ªsp hAdÙÁ sjfb mcndtm Hfsqv sjfb dhil hf jó lCv jsv zfïfr djqfmsk
kfv dhil W jó lCv jvshb.« (mc}, dm} 204bQ) jbAflfq zfmfslv slswv hkGmfb
nmfsu ˆj yvm dhil. ˆ dhislW mcndtm Hfƒsj nfrfpA jvf mcndtsmv jkGhA.
zKG, ncivfmwG W ncifsÛv náfb dlsq …ijfv, hV …ijfv. zhwA ˆmb …ijfsv
dbsuv [dk ˆhQ hlbfmW rsk ifsv. jfvB, ifÛ slsJ dlsq smsqv ncJ rst kfv
mf-hfhf htsh, `zfïfr dlsqsY.' i[f§Àsv lcJ hf u¶ftf-u¶tb rst htsh, `zmcj
dlst hf dhisl sItst.' zKy ncJ-lc}J …Hqƒ zfïfrvƒ lfb; HfsoAv hAfifv.
kfYfVf susb-wcsb sj… jsó sIst slq bf. dj§Â zhcU mfbcN zdb¤Yfjxk ˆnh
dhNsq …ijfvDsjW zijfvDv™si slfNfsvfi jsv Kfsj; pf dbOGfk zbAfq. zfv ˆ
zbAfsq nhv jvfq …ijfvDv zdkdvÙÁ nWqfh tfH rq.
äDblfv ncifÛ sist zdHHfhsjv …dyk dhtì bf jvf. hfdVsk dbsuslv dJlmk
sbWqfv …sÜswA, zfsvf …]yc dwd[kf jvfv …sÜswA (spsrkc dhsqv ivW iVsk
ifsv) zKhf kfv yfjcdvv zKG JfWqfv öfsKG zKhf ofItdkv jfvsB smsq hf shfsbv
dhsq didYsq slWqf hf `dld¤Y-dlh' jvf kfv ubA ShL bq. (vfIfdb} 55ix}, rfrf}
236ix}) diaq bhD  hstb, ªskfmfslv dbje pdl ˆmb hAdÙÁ (dhsqv ia²Àfh dbsq)
zfsn pfv äDb W ydvsÛ skfmvf n§Âó ksh kfv (ndrk jbAfv) dhhfr lfW. pdl kf bf
jv ksh ixdKhDsk dI{bf W hV Ifnfl nxdó rsq pfsh.« (dk}, dm} 3090bQ) kJb ‰
smsqv il±Jtb Oest sjfeGjfYfdv hf lfÌf-jtrW rsk ifsv.
iajfw sp, pchkDv hqn rst …ipcÙÁ smfrv, ncifÛ W äDblfv hv Kfjf nsÙ¶W
zdHHfhj dbuö öfsKGv Jfdksv zbAfqHfsh kfv dhhfsr hfLf dlst sn dbsu jfuDv
dbje zdHspfo jsv dhhfr jvsk ifsv. (dInc} 2/128) bsy{ sjhtmfÛ jfsvf siasm
isV, sjfb zifsÛv ndrk zShL iaBsq sI]sn shv rsq dosq sjfseG `tfH mAfsvu'
jvf ˆhQ zdHHfhjsj ufbskW bf slWqf zKhf kfv zbcmdk bf dbsq dhhfr jvf
rfvfm W hfdkt. nfLfvBk} hAdHyfdvBDvfƒ ˆv™i dhhfr jsv dyvuDhb hAdHyfv jsv
Kfsj. (zflf}, dk}, ƒmf}, zf}, ƒv} 1840bQ, dm} 3131bQ)
iv§Â siam rt LCsiv mk; pfsk nchfsnv zfsmu KfjstW kfv nCÛifk rq u¶t§À
zfocb dlsq, zfv swN idvBdk rq Yfƒ dlsq. kfƒ siasm isV zfof-diYf dy§Àf bf
jsv öfmD hf ²ÃD dbhGfyb jvfq Ejsk rq zdLjfQsw.
sYstv hqn rstW nk¶v dhhfr slWqf zdHHfhsjv jkGhA. sYstsj sYfe sHsh
zhÎf jvf …dyk bq. sYst `dhsq jvh bf' htstW kfvf jkGshA diYif rsh bf.
jfvB, ìcv¢sNv ˆjef hqn zfsY; pJb bfvD-sbwf sofisb mbsj sisq hsn. zh²¿fv
yfsi sn dhsq jvsh bf htstW, ndkA ndkA `bf' jvstW Ocdvsq dIdvsq bfvD-
nfdâsLAv jKf isvv mcJ dlsq wcbskW m¦l tfso bf. mb hst, `yfƒ yfƒ', mcJ hst,
`yfƒsb.' zh²¿f ˆƒ rst kfv hác-hfáshv dbje sKsjW sn vrnA …lXOfdek rsk
ifsv. nckvfQ zdHHfhj nkjG rst ifi sKsj svrfƒ sisq pfsh.
i[f§Àsv zdHHfhj pdl pchjsj dhsqsk hfLf slq zKhf äDblfv ncifÛDsj dhsq
jvsk bf dlsq kfv sjfb zfk¹Dq zifÛDsj h… jsv zfbsk yfq zKhf isB iY¦l
bf rsq dhsqsk zöfHfdhj dhtì jsvƒ pfq ksh sn s[sÛ mf-hfsiv zhfLA rWqf
ifi bq. hAdHyfsvv Hq rst zfïfr W k]fv vnCstv hfLA rWqfƒ mcndtm pchsjv
…dyk.
ksh dbYj jfsvf siasm isV ncifÛD äDblfv pchkD sYsV mf-hfsiv jKf bf smsb
dbsuv ƒ¤Yfmk zifÛD dhhfr jvf hf `tfH mAfsvu' jvfq dikfmfkfv kKf zfïfr
W vnCstv zhfLAkf rq. zfïfr pfsk vfuD, kfsk mf-hfi hf nfkocdô vfuD bf rstW
sjfb [dk rq bf. i[f§Àsv pfsk zfïfr vfuD bb, kfsk mf-hfi W syZÜocdôsj
vfuD jvf pchsjv zfk¹Dq W mfkxdikxHdÙÁ bq hvQ iahxdÙ W zfk¹kxdåv idvyq.
sjfb ifsÛv hAfifsv ifÛD hf ifÛDis[v zKhf sjfb ifÛDv hAfifsv ifÛ hf
ifÛis[v ns¦lr rst ˆhQ n©ijG oVsk nQwq W däLf rst ƒd²ÀJfvf jvst It
tfH rq. zfïfr k]fv äDblfv hf¦lf-hf¦lDsj ndEj iK dbslGw jsvb. (nbf} 3050bQ)
ncifsÛ jbAf iVst ndkAƒ snZHfsoAv dhNq. `lw icÛnm jbAf; pdl ncifsÛ isV.'
ifÛ-ifÛD iY¦l ˆhQ hfolfsbv iv kfslv zfsifsnv msLA zfnf-pfWqf, iÛftfi,
sedtsIfsb lCvftfi, ˆjfs§À ëmB, ˆsj zivsj dhswNHfsh ivD[f jvfv ubA zhfL
dmtfdmwf, sjfeXGdwi hf ƒ…svfiDq iaKfq kfslv zfsifsnv msLA mb slWqf-sbWqf
iaHxdk ƒntfsm ShL bq. `dhsq skf rshƒ' msb j'sv dhhfr-hásbv iCshG hfolÙfv
ndrk ²ÃDv™i hAhrfv, dbuGbkf zhtìb, ˆjfjD jcvzfb dw[f slWqf iaHxdkW
rfvfm. (mh} 26/136) zhwA dhhfr zfjXl n©iâ rsq Kfjst kfv ndrk (nfvfv
iCshGW) ²ÃDv mk hAhrfv jvsk ˆhQ jcvzfb W äDb dw[f ƒkAfdl dlsk ifsv.
nmfsu kf db¦lbDq rstW wvDqsk db¦lbDq bq. (I… }2/748)
dhhfsrv iCshG Hfstfv™si sHsh dbb}-
zfidb dj Hfstfhfnfv mmGfKG ufsbb? sjht spZb-ncJ tcefƒ iajxk ncJ bq -kf
ufsbb skf? zfidb dj zfibfv kfsj ncJD W JcwD jvsk ifvshb?
zfidb kfsj dyvdlsbv ubA dbsuv zsLGj zÌ msb jvsk ifvshb? zfibfv
öf²¿Av[fv sysq lf©ikA-ncJ v[f jvsk dj zdLj nsyó rsk ifvshb?
zfibfslv …Hsqv mfsU sjfb Hct hcUfhcdUv nmq ndáv …sÜswA ˆjecW
bmbDqkf öDjfv jvsk ifvshb skf? dhhfr zfibfv hù öfLDbkf rvB jsv sbsh,
sn jKf ufsbb skf?
htf hfùtA, dhhfr sjfb mufv sJtf bq. dhhfr j]fsLv su]fqft. dhhfr `dlïD jf
tfÖc; spf Jfsqof Wr HD iYkfsqof zfWv spf sbr]D Jfsqof Wr HD iYkfsqof!
iB W spZkcj
ˆ skf sot jsb W msbv jKf; dj§Â zfnt W isBv jKfef hfjDƒ sKsj sosY; pf
hkGmfb dhhfsrv mCt ²À©H! h… sjmb rsh bf rsh, kfv äDb W ydvÛ sjmb sn skf
soZB dhNq, mcJA dhNq rt, `jk dj dlsk ifvsh?' kfƒ skf bkcb ufmfƒ w¶wcv hfdV
sost ùfmfƒef jfv?' iasw´v …Ùsv ˆjƒ jKf htf rq ùfmfƒ efjfv!'
iB? iB ˆj zfÇypG pflc! isBv `snfbfv jfdE' W spZkcsjv `v™ifv jfdE' äfvf
smsq w¶wcvhfdVsk ƒ¤YfncJ sisk ifsv.
iB; ufrfâfmsj ufâfk ˆhQ ufâfksj ufrfâfm hfbfsk ifsv!
iB; bfvDv zhmfbbf, bfvDv mpGflfq jcEfvfJfk, kfv zdLjfv rvB.
iB; pchuDhsbv zdHwfi. zwfd§Àv dhNfÙÁ lfhfbt.
iB; ²ÃDv dbje hAdÙÁk¶ dhÛÁsqv mCtA.
iB; ƒntfmD dhLfsbv dbtGÏ dhv¢ÝfyvB.
iB; zKG-stftcikf, swfNB W iDVb.
iB; ˆj iajfv OcN. zfv diaq bhD  OcNlfkf W oarDkf …Hqsjƒ zdHwfi
jsvsYb.« (ƒv} 2621bQ)
iB; zn{ …ifsq zsbAv zKG zfk¹nf{. zfv zfïfr hstb, ªskfmvf zbAfq
Hfsh ˆsj zisvv n©il oafn jsvf bf ˆhQ susb-wcsb stfsjslv Lb n©islv
djqlQw zbAfqHfsh oafn jvfv …sÜswA dhyfvjoBsj …{sjfy dlW bf. (jc} 2/188)
hvisBv mft rfvfsmv mft. jbAfis[v jKfq `rfvfsmv mft rfvfsm pfj.' jfvB,
nfLfvBk} kf rq, iChG sKsjƒ `dIÆXF dFsifdue' jvf nCslv zKG zKhf ycdv hf rvI
jvf zKhf dH[f jvf pfjfskv efjf. isB slWqf rftft efjf Jch jmƒ rq. rftft
rstW isBv blGmfq isV kf rfvfsm idvBk rsq pfq.
dj§Â ˆƒ nhGbfwD dhNuDhfBc ˆt sjfsÚsj? zLGfdÌbD sisk sost skf zKG ialfb
jvsk rq; spmb hù mcndtm slsw zfuW iaydtk. dj§Â ˆ nmfsu ˆv iaflcHGfshv
jfvB dj? ˆv jfvB dj dhufdkv zbcjvB bq? iBiaKfv jfvB, mcndtsmv äDb sKsj
ŠlfdnbA, bfvD iaodkv bfsm shstïfibf W ilGrDbkf. ifvf Jsn iVst zfqbfv ˆhQ
dYtf Kfjst jtfv mCtA W jlv zhwAƒ Kfsj bf.
ifÛDis[v …¤y zfwf; OcN, rfdlqf, hJdwwX hf ifdvskfdNj dlsqW hV Ov sTfjf.
…¤y dwd[k nvjfvD yfjcvD-uDdh ifsÛv ubA jbAf nr tfJ efjfv dbtfm Ffjf!
djYc bf dbsq dhsq jvsk hf dlsk yfƒst ifÛDi[ Hfsh, ifsÛv dbÇyq sjfb `J]ck-
ec]k' zfsY. ˆjKf jfsb ˆst ndl¤Yf dbsmsN smfef isB idvBk rq.
iB bf dbsq Kfjst nfmfbA jtr-äs¦l¶v Ist ifÛDi[ ndáv hlst nrsu kftfj
(sJftf) dbsk ia²Âk rq. kftfj rst däkDq dhhfsr smfef efjfv iB sbWqfv ˆvflf
ifÄf rsqƒ Kfsj.
smsqsj hdÑkf jsv sYstv bfsm udm-dHse ƒkAfdl svdu±eºD jsv slWqfW iB
iaKfv ˆj jfvB. ksh ˆƒ Hfsh hdÑkf jvfv ˆj jfvBW iB-iaKf. spsrkc smsqv
dhhfsrv nmq iB W spZkcsjv ubA 2/3 dhOf udm dhÛÁq jsv zKhf bf jsv nhGsmfe
iafq 4/5 dhOf udmv mCtA pdl hAq rsq Kfsj, ksh kfv zfv zbAfbA zQwDlfvvf
sjb hfjD udmv Hfo ‰ smsqsj slsh? pdlW ˆv™i hcUf W zfyvB zfïfrv Hfo-
h¦eb zfƒsb zShL r²Às[i.
nmfsu dhswN jsv dhhfr-wflDsk …irfv …isTZjb slWqf-sbWqfv iaKf W
stZdjjkfv svWqfu hV. …irfsv siam W Hfstfhfnf hdLGk rq. bhhLCv mb spmb
ˆƒ wcH mcrCskG bkcb mfbcNslv dbje sKsj …irfv v™si djYc sisk zfjf£JD rq,
skmdb rq bh ufmfkfv mb. dj§Â zsbj s[sÛ zbcHCdkrDb ifÛDis[v uhfh Kfsj
`yfq bf skf dj slfh? yfjX ksh slfh.' Ist snƒ zfjfd£Jk stZdjjkfv nfmfbA
…irfvecjc `yfWqf'v Yf]sy isV HdhNAsk znfmfbA iBv™si iajfw ifq.
zfhfv ifVfv `wf]jycâD'slv jKfq dbsuslv ním vfJsk dosq zsbj hsvv mf
slJfsldJ iB sysq hsn. efjf, udm, oqbf, dedH, ofdV bf dbstW ufmfƒ-sheDsj
nfdusq dlsk hst!
dj§Â ˆƒ iBiaKfv zdbhfpG idvBdk dj?
ˆƒ hviB dlsk bf ifvst w¶wcvhfdVsk jbAfv HfsoA sufse zjKA dbpGfkb,
tfÒbf, hÑbf, oÓbf, H{Gnbf. öfmD hf kfv hfdVv stfsjv ifwdhj zkAfyfv,
zbflv, zhsrtf. jmis[ rsk rq öfmDv snfrforfvf. idvswsN dhhfr-dhs¤Yl;
bsy{ hLCv zfk¹rkAf zKhf stfHD ifNàslv idvjd¬ik hLCrkAf.
ˆƒ Hsqƒ bfvD bfvDv lcwmb. mfkxuEsv jbAf-ë™B rkAf jvf rq. us¦mv ivW
jbAfrkAf jvf rq. iviv jbAf u¦mfst öfmD W kfv hfdVv stfj hLCv iadk shufv
rsq pfq. ˆslv zh²¿f rq snƒ ufsrtD pcsov mfbcNslv mk; pfslv ªjf…sjW pJb
jbAf-n§Àfsbv ncnQhfl slWqf rq. kJb kfv mcJmàt jfstf rsq pfq ˆhQ
znrbDq mb²Àfsi dj¾ó rq. Wsj sp nQhfl slWqf rq kfv o½fdb-srkc sn dbu
n©ialfq rsk zfk¹sofib jsv. (sn dy§Àf jsv,) zimfb nrA jsv Wsj svsJ slsh,
bf mfdesk ic]sk sItsh! nfhLfb! Wvf pf dnÝf§À jsv kf zdk dbjxó.« (jc} 16/58-59)
ˆƒ isBv jfvsB öfmDv HfsoA mbmk ²ÃD sufse bf. ²ÃDv dbmGt siam W waÝf sKsj
rq hdÑk. `kDv-dh]Lf-ifJD' jJsbf dj ofb ofƒsk ifsv? dbu dikfsj sp isK
hdnsqsY kfsj ncJ-dnQrfnsb sjfb ys[ slJsh? ˆv Ist öfmD ²ÃDv slsrv ±iwG
ifq, dj§Â msbv bfoft ifq bf. jfu ifq dj§Â `dJlmk' ifq bf. spmb w¶wcv-
hfdVskW sn rq mfbrfvf, WubrDb.
zfv ifÛDis[v jKf? jk smsqv hfi ˆƒ iB-hbAfq rs¤Y L¶Qn, isKv dHJfvD.
isBv zdHwfsi sbsm-zfnf lfdvla W nrfq-nìtrDbkf kfsj sEst dls¤Y dH[fhxdÙv
isK. hv hf kfv hhGv hfi dbsuv dhtfn-…lAfb oVsk …ufV jsv dls¤Y jsbv
hfsiv [cla bDV Jfdbsj!
ˆsk dj ‰ stfHfkcv nQnfsv wfd§Àv djvB Kfsj? sbsm zfsn dbv§Àv zwfd§À W
jtsrv Yfqf.
ˆƒ nhGoafnD spZkcj iaKfv Hqfbj zfÛÁmsBv Ist nmfsu jk dhidÙv nxdó
rsqsY. iB dlsk bf ifvfq dhhfr bf rst zKhf dhtì rst shsV yst zShL iaBq,
hAdHyfv, shwAfhxdÙ. iB zfsb zbAfbA ifi. ofbhfubfv jKf htsk sost isBv
iadk ƒdÌk jsv hst, òfb-hfubf rfvfm, zfv iB sbWqf rfvfm bq? ofb-hfubf
rst dhsqsk Kfjsh bf, zfv iB-sbWqf dhsqsk dj jsv zQwo»rB jsvY?'
iBi»Kfv mrfmfvDv jfvsBƒ bfvD-dw[fv ocv¢k¶ pfs¤Y jsm. jfvB dhsqv nmq
efjfƒ pJb tfosh kJb zfhfv dw[f-lD[f, zflh lfsb dj tfH? smsqv ydvÛ W
LsmGv dljef sJqft jvfv iasqfub dj? hvQ efjfv zHfshƒ jk dwd[kfv dhhfr
rs¤Y zLm dbv[svv nfsK.
iB sKsj h]fyfv ubA zdHHfhj smsqsj jvsY smrbkD, ödbHGvwDtf, sEst dls¤Y
ilGfrDbkfv isK. bfvD-icv¢sNv zhfL dmtfdmwfv yfjcvD W dw¬is[sÛ hAdHyfsvv
isK. Osv-hfƒsv kfsj ncspfo dls¤Y zShL iaBsq; HfhsY, Òse skf Ose pfj, ise
skf ise pfj!' jfvB, smsq dbsuƒ öfmD dbhGfyb jsv dbsk ifvst kfslv svrfƒ!
dj§Â It kfsk dhivDk rsq sjhtmfÛ lcbGfm ˆhQ w¶wcvhfdVsk zjKA dbpGfkb W
lc}J kfv nfKD rq. zfv nhGswsN iB hf spZkcj dlsk bf ifvst dhs¤Yl YfVf zfv dj?
iB yfƒ. bol yfƒ. Lfsvv jfvhfv bfƒ. ˆk Jvy, ˆk djYcv iv dhsq Ocsv pfsh.
hv …sE pfsh dhhfr mudtn sKsj; pdl djYc efjf hfjD sKsj pfq zfjXslv nmq! ˆƒ
Lxókfv Ist jsb W kfv hfi-mfsqv mfKfq jk hV huafOfk sp rq kf zbcsmq.
dj§Â sn zfOfk nmfsuv mcsJ sjht `zfrf' rsqƒ sKsj pfq. jsbv zfk¹rkAfv
Jhv wcsbW msb zfkË zfsn bf. dbs²Àu uV nmfsuv zHA§Àsv sjfb sykbf, sjfb
zbcHCdk, sjfb zfs¦lftb zfbsk ifsv bf. ˆv jfvB zsbjef ˆƒ sp, ˆƒ zfOfk
sp Jfq snƒ ˆv uhfsh zfsvf hV zfOfk slq. nckvfQ mfv sJsq W mfv dlsq nmfsuv
zh²¿f rsqsY mfv-iadkspfdokfv mfvmcJD jcñDoDvslv mk. kfƒ wÙÁ mfwcst kf sjfb
zfnvƒ jsv bf. dj§Â ˆƒ mfsv mfvf isV kfvfƒ, pfvf jcñDoDv bq. zKGf{ pfvf
sjhtmfÛ jbAfv dikf zKhf pfv jbAfv nQJAf Jch shwD.
zsbj s[sÛ iB sbWqfv mk ifsiv lfdqk¶ hv zKhf hsvv hfi öDjfv jvsk
ƒk²Àk} jsv. ˆjec äDblvlD pchj rst dbsu iB yfq bf, dj§Â mf-hfi yfq. sn pdl
kfslv dhv¢sÝ pfq kfrst mf-hfsiv bfdj bfIvmfb rsq pfq. jfvB, `mf-hfi bfvfu
rst sJflf bfvfu!' kfslvsj bfvfu bf jsv mfkx-dikxHdÙÁv idvyq slq ˆhQ n»ófv
zhfLA W nxdóv hfLA rsq isvv otfq YcdV yftfq. i[f§Àsv zbAfbA s[sÛ mf-hfsiv
jKfq sjfb zfmtƒ slq bf.
zfhfv mf-hfisj htst hst, `sYst mfsb bf, dbsk yfq.' dj§Â ˆƒ hst kfvf
sYstv jfsY znrfqkf W dikfmfkf rhfv zspfoAkfv iamfB slq. iajxkis[ ˆnh
djYcƒ tcsevfslv ˆjef idvjd¬ik Ytbf mfÛ. isvv efjf zfk¹nf{ jsv nmfsuv
syfJ sKsj zfk¹sofib jvfv ˆj zisjZwt.
zsbsj ˆ hV zsËv zKGsj ìB' h'st dbsk tÏfshfL jsv. kfƒ ‡B, nfrfpA hf
hAhnfv i]cdu ƒkAfdl bfm dlsq nmfsuv syfsJ LCstf dlsk yfq. dj§Â zfïfrv jfsY skf
zfv I]fdj slWqf pfq bf.
dyvnfKD, wpAfndÌbD W zLGfdÌbDsj sefi hfdbsq kfsj bfbfv™i p§ÃBf dlsq zKG
dwjfsvv hcdÝ, ˆjde bfvDsj iBhd¦lbD jsv n§ÃfnDv mk kfv hfsiv dbje mcdÙÁiB
yfWqfv sjZwt, dbvDr bfvDsj ucqfv ocde jsv zKGtcefv Lf¦lf, dbtGÏ shrfqf
dHJfvDv mk zsbAv dbje rfk sisk zKG zflfsqv mk Lxókf dj sjfb mcndtm,
sjfb mfbcsNv rsk ifsv?
wDskv wft yfƒ, „slv sntfmD yfƒ, smtf slJsk (?!) rfk Jvy yfƒ, hNGfq ufmfƒ
W kfv syfÜocdôv ubA ofmYf yfƒ, nfkw idvhfsv dhkvBspfoA zfm-jf]Eft yfƒ, ˆ
yfƒ, W yfƒ. sjfbX zdLjfsv ˆk yfƒ-yfƒ? wcLc ˆƒ ubA bq dj sp, dhqfƒ-hfdVv
ˆjef mfbcN (h…)sj sJfvsifw nr kfvf kfslv ilkst zbcoar jsv zfwaq dlsqsY
kfƒ?!
zKy ˆjde uDhb; sp kfv pKfnhGö, zfk¹Dq-öub, mf-hfi njtsj sYsV kfv
Sldrj dJlmksj w¶wcv-wfwcVDv ˆhQ kfv slr-spZhbsj öfmDv ilkst …{noG
jvfv sjfb mCtA sbƒ?
hfjD Kfjt pdl sjfb mf-hfi kfv smsq-ufmfƒsj djYc spZkcj, djYc …irfv JcwD
rsq sö¤Yfq slq ksh kf lCNBDq bq; bf slWqf, bf sbWqf. bhD  k]fv jbAf
Ifskmfsj djYc spZkcj dlsq öfmDv hfdV ifdEsqdYstb. spZkcj drnfsh k]fsj
dlsqdYstb ˆjde iwm-dbdmGk nflf vsMv yflv hf dhYfbf, ˆjde ƒpdJv Ofn-dbdmGk
hfdtw ˆhQ ˆjde ymG-dbdmGk ifdbv mwj. (zf}, bf}, nƒmf} 3349bQ)
ksh ufmfsqv msb ifWqfv zfjf£Jf ˆhQ bf sist z§Àsv hAKf hf jfsvf dbje
zdHspfo W jKf spb bf rq. (mh} 26/99)
mcndtm nmfsu iB ˆj mrfmfvD. ˆsj v¢Jshf djHfsh?
ˆsj v¢Jfv nhsysq hV W ˆjmfÛ …ifq rt ifÄf „mfb zfbf. nmfu pdl
„mfsbv Yfqfq zfwaq sbq kfrst ˆmb zfvIfv svfslv kfi rsk njstƒ svrfƒ
ifsh. ivjfstv …iv iCBG dhÇhfn bf ˆst ˆhQ zfïfrv jsEfv wfd²Àsj iajxk Hq bf
jvst iB v¢Jf n©Hh bq. zKGstfH hV mfvfk¹j. pk ifWqf pfq kk sisk yfq
zfsvf mb. sjfb zfƒb, sjfb nQoEb ifsv bf ˆ msbv odk svfL jvsk. jfvB,
zfjfsw I]fl sisk hsbv ifdJ Lvf zn©Hh.
äDb W zfïfr-HDdkv mfLAsmƒ nfmfduj zh[q W Sbdkj SwdKstAv iaodk (!)
há rsk ifsv. zfv kf rstƒ mfbcsNv mb sKsj dvicv kfVbf lCvDHCk rsh. stfH W
dt¨nf jsm sost isvv Lsbv iadk lxjXifk rsh bf.
zfïfrv zfƒb ilGfiaKf iaydtk rst, bfvDslr dbsq zw½Dt W sbfQvf Ydh, bfvDslr
dbsq hAhnAf-dhÎfib ƒkAfdl há j'sv, bfvD-snZ¦lpG lctGH j'sv bfvDv mpGflf
iadkôf jvst bfvDsj icv¢N iB dlsq bq hvQ mb W Lb dlsq Jc]su zfbsh.
nmfsuv njt nlsnAv ‰jfd§Àj nkAfoar W iasyóf pdl ìB sbh bf, iB slhW bf'
ˆƒ sw½fofbsj jsmG v™ifdqk jvf rq, ksh iB `rfsVft' ˆ hb rsk itfqb jsv
h]fysh.
nfmfduj spZK-hqjsev mfLAsm iB oarDkfslvsj zil²¿ jvst iBiaKfv dhstfi
nfLb rsk ifsv. ìB sbWqf dhsqsk zQw oarB jvh bf, sn dhsq JfhW bf, kfv
hvpfÛDW pfh bf' -ˆƒ nQj¬i rsk rsh. ksh nQJAfodvôkf hAkDk kfskW
uqtfH n©Hh bq.
mnduslv ƒmfmoB iB sbWqf hsvv dhsq bf iVfst djYcef jfu rsk ifsv. ksh
ˆv idvBfm wcH bq. ˆskW sHfe rsh zfv sn sHfse dusk …EfW jdEb. jfvB,
hkGmfsb nmfsuv mfbcN ƒmfmslv …islw zbcpfqD yst Jch jm; iv§Â ƒmfmslvsjƒ
nmfsuv dbslGw W zfslwfbcnfsv shwDv Hfoƒ ytsk rq! kfYfVf dhsq iVfhfv ubA
zfsvf jk dbm-smfïf hkGmfb.
nckvfQ äDb, äDblfv W zfstm-ƒmfmslv sp nmfsu sjfb mCtAfqb sbƒ, sn nmfsuv
ëókfv ubA sjht zfstm-ƒmfmslvsj lfqD jvf bAfq dhyfv rsh bf.
ˆj hV zfwf zfsY HfhD iau¦m djswfv-djswfvD, kv¢B-kv¢BDv …iv. ˆslv msLA
pdl äDbD sykbf dIdvsq zfbsk ifvf pfq ksh ˆvf, ˆƒ bhDb bWsufqfsbv ltƒ
ifvsh nmfsuv ˆƒ lcoGdkv iK zhsvfL jvsk. (sr mfbcN!) ªskfmvf zfïfrsj Hq
jv. zfv db}ns¦lsr susb vfJ sp, zfïfrv zfpfh hV jdEb.« (jc} 2/196)
zkˆh sr pchj hác! iB slsJ bq, hvQ äDb W mb slsJ dhsqv jKf ifjfifdj
jsv sIt. r]Af, ksh wcHjfsu slvD jsvf bf. zfv skfmfv ˆƒ wcHndá[sB zwcHsj
smfseƒ ²¿fb dlWbf. kshƒ ifsh snƒ ndÌbD; sp rsh,
idkiafBf nkD zbcvfomdk öoGncNmf-dnÙÁf,
iaDdk-hásb zfdnsh skfmfv zfibfsv jdv dvÙÁf.
slbsmfrv
ˆk[B ˆmb ˆj öiúo{ W zfuh slswv jKf htdYtfm spJfsb `vfdÙsvsk
shufq svfl, dlsb y]fslv zfstf.' sp slsw djYc djbsk sost ÛÁDkh²Âv dhdbmsq
sjfb zKG dlsk rq bf; hvQ h²Âv ndrk ƒ¤Yfmk zKG ifWqf pfq! ˆJb hf²Àh-
uoskv jKfq zfnf pfj.
dhhfr ˆj däifd[j ycdÙÁ. öfmD-²ÃD …Hsqƒ ˆsj zsbAv jfsY …ijxk W idvkxå.
dj§Â öfmDv zdLjfv shwD. kfƒ ²ÃDv jkGhA zdLj. ²ÃD kfv slr-spZhb nr öfmDv
hfdVsk ˆsn hf nlf Yfqfv bAfq öfmD-ifsw sKsj kfv zbcnvB W snhf jsv. kfƒ
skf ˆƒ ycdÙÁsk kfsj ˆmb djYc ifdvskfdNj ialfb jvsk rq pfsk sn n§Âó rsq
öfmDv hásb zfnsk vfuD rsq pfq. nxdójkGf öqQ mfbcNsj ˆ dhLfb dlsqsYb. dkdb
hstb, ª…sïdJk (zShL) bfvDoB hAkDk zbAfbA bfvDoBsj skfmfslv ubA ShL
jvf rsqsY, wkG ˆƒ sp, skfmvf skfmfslv öDq zsKGv dhdbmsq kfslvsj kth jvsh
dhhfr hásb zfhÝ jvfv ubA, hAdHyfsvv ubA bq. kfslv msLA pfslvsj skfmvf
…isHfo jvsh kfslvsj dbLGfdvk smfrv ziGB jvsh.« (jc} 4/24)
dkdb zbAÛ hstb, ً‫ﺻ ُﺪ َﻗَﺎ ِﺗ ِﻬ ﱠﻦ ِﻧ ْﺤَﻠﺔ‬ َ ‫ َوَﺁﺗُُﻮا اﻟ ﱢﻨ‬
َ ‫ﺴَﺎ َء‬
ªˆhQ skfmvf bfvDslvsj kfslv smfrv n§Âómsb dlsq lfW.« (jc} 4/4)
zfv diaq bhD  hstb, ªnhsysq zdLj ocv¢k¶iCBG wkG pf iCvB jvf uv¢vD, kf rt
snƒ h²Â pfv äfvf skfmvf (²ÃDslv) ocåfÌ rftft jsv Kfj.« (nuf} 1547bQ)
nckvfQ ²ÃDsj kfv ‰ iaslq smfrv ialfb jvf Ivp. udm, ufqof, zKG, ztËfv,
jfiV-syfiV ƒkAfdl smfrsv slWqf yst. hvQ iasqfusb (ifÛDi[ vfuD rst)
jcvzfb dw[flfb, ƒntfm oarBW smfrv rsk ifsv. (hc}, mc}, dm} 3202-3209bQ)
smfrv jm rWqfƒ hfÒbDq. ksh sö¤Yfq shwD slWqf db¦lbDq bq. mrfbhD  k]fv
sjfb ²ÃD W jbAfv smfrv 480 dlvrfm (1428 oafm Wusbv svZiAmclaf) ˆv zdLj
dYt bf. (ƒv} 1927bQ) rpvk Ifskmf (vf}) ˆv smfrv dYt ˆjde stZrhmG. (n}zflf}
1865bQ, bf}, zf}1/80) rpvk zfsqwf hstb, kf]v smfrv dYt 500 dlvrfm (1487,5
oafm Wusbv svZiA mclaf). (n} zflf}1851bQ) ksh sjht …s©m rfhDhfv smfrv dYt
4000 dlvrfm (11900 oafm svZiAmclaf). zhwA ˆƒ smfrv hflwfr bfufwD mrfbhD
 ˆv kvI sKsj zflfq jsvdYstb. (n} zflf} 1853) kfYfVf dkdb hstb, ªbfvDv
hjGskv msLA; kfsj iqofm slWqf nru rWqf, kfv smfrv ö¬i rWqf ˆhQ kfv
oHGfwsq nrsu n§Àfb Lvf zbAkm.« (n}uf} 2235bQ)
ruvk mCnf (zf}) k]fv iaslq smfrsvv dhdbmsq w¶wcsvv zfe zKhf lw hYv mucvD
jsvdYstb. (jc} 28/27)
smfrv rf¬jf rst dhhfr nrunfLA rsh; ˆhQ snefƒ hfdÒk. i[f§Àsv iBiaKfv
mk smfrv zdkdvÙÁ shwD yfWqfv iaKfW ˆj jciaKf.
smfrsvv zKG sjhtmfÛ ²ÃDv iafiA rj; zdHHfhsjv bq. ˆsk dhhfsrv isv
öfmDvW sjfb zdLjfv sbƒ. ²ÃD ShLHfsh spJfsb ƒ¤Yf snJfsb Jvy jvsk ifsv. (Im}
105-109ix}) zhwA ²ÃD n§ÂódysÙ sö¤Yfq öfmDsj dlst kf …Hsqv ubA ShL. (jc} 4/4)
²ÃDsj smfrv bf dlsq dhhfr jvst zsbsjv dbje dhhfr hfdkt. (dInc} 2/149)
zfjXslv nmq smfrv dbLGfdvk bf jvstW dhhfr wcÝ rsq pfq. dj§Â öfmD-²ÃDv
dmtsbv iv ²ÃD snƒ mdrtfv nmidvmfB ytdk smfrsvv zdLjfdvBD rsh, sp nhGdlj
dlsq kfvƒ zbcv™i. dmtsbv iCshG öfmD mfvf sostW ‰v™i ytdk smfrv W mDvfsnv
rjlfv rsh. (dInc} 2/149-150)
smfrv dbdlGó bf jsv dhhfr rsq dmtsbv iCshGƒ öfmD kftfj dlst ²ÃD smfrsvv
rjlfv rq bf. ksh kfsj nfLAmk zKGfdl Jvy-iÛ slWqf zhwA jkGhA. (jc} 2/236)
dhhfsrv nmq smfrv dbLGfdvk jsv n©iCBG zKhf djYc smfrv hfjD vfJf yst. dmtsbv
iv ²ÃD sn ‡B mjch jsv dlsk ifsv. bsy{ ‡B rsq kf öfmDv OfsV sKsjƒ pfsh.
smfrv dbLGfdvk jsv hf djYc zflfsqv iv dhhfr rsq dmtsbv iCshG öfmD mfvf
sostW ²ÃD iCBG smfrsvv rjlfv rsh. ²ÃD mfvf sost öfmD smfrv sIv{ ifsh bf. (dInc} 2/148)
smfrv dbdlGó jsv zflfq dlsq dmtb jvfv iv öfmD ²ÃDsj kftfj dlst smfrv
sIv{ ifsh bf. mrfb zfïfr hstb, ªzfv pdl ˆj ²ÃDv ²¿st zbA ²ÃD oarB jvf d²¿v
jv ˆhQ kfslv ˆjubsj iaycv zKGW dlsq Kfj khcW kf sKsj djYcƒ oarB jsvf
bf. skfmvf dj dmKAf zihfl ˆhQ iajfwA ififyfvB äfvf kf oarB jvsh? djHfsh
skfmvf kf oarB jvsh, zKy skfmvf iv±iv nrhfn jsvY ˆhQ kfvf skfmfslv
jfY sKsj lxP iadkwa¢dk dbsqsY?« (jc} 4/20-21)
smfrv LfpG rsq zflfq bf jsv dmtsbv iCshGƒ kftfj dlst dbdlGó smfrsvv zsLGj
zflfq jvsk rsh. zhwA pdl ²ÃD zKhf pfv rfsk dhhfrháb sn (öfmD) mfI jsv
slq ksh sn jKf dHâ. ksh mfI jsv slWqfefƒ zfk¹nQpsmv dbjekv. (jc} 2/237)
dmtsbv iCshG pdl ²ÃD dbsuv slfsN kftfj ifq zKhf sJftf kftfj sbq ksh smfrv
skf ifshƒ bf ˆhQ sjfb Jvy-iÛW bf. (dInc} 2/151-152) smfrv zflfq dlsq
Kfjst dmtsbv isvW pdl ±ÃD sJftf kftfj yfq, kfrst öfmDsj kfv ‰ ialÙ smfrv
sIv{ dlsk rsh. (hc}, dm} 3274bQ)
sjfb zShL hf zomAf bfvDv ndrk HctÛÁsm dhhfr rsq dmtsbv iv kfv zShLkf
(spmb oHG zfsY hf lcL shfb rq ƒkAfdl) ufbf sost ‰ ²ÃD iCBG smfrsvv rjlfv rsh.
ksh kfslv mfsU dhs¤Yl Wqfsuh. (dInc} 2/149)
ˆjfdLj dhhfsrv s[sÛ njt ²ÃDv smfrv nmfb rWqf uv¢vD bq. (mh}6/262)
²ÃDv smfrsvv zKG Jvy jsv sIst öfmD pdl kfv dhdbmsq ²ÃDsj kfv nmidvmfB
udm hf ufqof dtsJ slq ksh kf ShL. (mh} 25/47) i[f§Àsv zbAfbA WqfsvnDbvf
vfuD bf rst sjfb ²ÃDv bfsm (hf sjfb Wqfsvsnv bfsm) zdkdvÙÁ djYc udm-ufqof
…ƒt jvf ShL bq. jfvB, sjfb Wqfsvsnv ubA zdnqk sbƒ.« (dm} 3047bQ, ƒv} 1655bQ)
ifÛDv dbje sKsj 50 rfufv (iB) dbsq 10 hf 20 rfufv kfsj smfrv dlst
zKhf bfsm mfÛ smfrv h]fLst ˆhQ zflfsqv dbqk bf Kfjst zKhf lw rfufsvv lw
efjf zflfq W zhdwó hfjD svsJ zflfsqv dbqk bf vfJst; zKGf{ ²ÃDv ‰ iafiA rj
iCBGmfÛfq zflfq slWqfv ƒ¤Yf bf Kfjst ˆƒ sLfjfq dhhfr rsh djbf ns¦lr. zhwA
ˆjfu sp zfïfrv Ivp zfƒsbv dhv¢ÝfyvB kfsk sjfb n}s¦lr sbƒ.
iajfw sp, smfrv dhsufV hf]Lf hf ˆsk sjfb wcHt[B zfsY msb jvf dhlzfk.
(sr mfbcN!) ªskfmfslv iadkiftsjv dbje sKsj pf zhkDBG rsqsY skfmvf kfv
zbcnvB jv ˆhQ k]fsj YfVf dHâ zdHHfhjslv zbcnvB jsvf bf. skfmvf Jch
z¬iƒ …islw oarB jsv Kfj.« (jc} 7/3)
dhhfsrv iCshG slwfyfv

jKf ifjfifdj rst dhhfsrv dlb rsh. ksh sjht dlb jvfv ubA Oef W
zfVìviCBG mudtn jvf ˆhQ vfujDq ifb-sHfusbv dhict zfsqfub W hAh²¿f jvf
zihAsqv ipGfqHcÙÁ. hvis[v …dyk, kf sJqft vfJf ˆhQ nshGfÙm JfWqfv hAh²¿f
bf rst lcbGfm bf jvf. sjhtmfÛ ˆjub stfj dosq zKhf bf dosq sedtsIfsbv
mfLAsmW dhhfsrv dlb dEj jvf pfq. dbsuslv ncdhLfmk sp sjfb dlsb sp sjfb mfsn
dlb d²¿v jvsk sjfb hfLf sbƒ. zfïfrv dlb nhƒ nmfb. idÓjf slsJ wcHfwcH dlb
dbhGfyb dhlzfk ˆhQ dhufdkv zbcjvB.
dbm§ÃB jvfv nmq dbm§ÃBisÛv sjfsB rtcl tfdosq slWqf dhlzfk. ˆsk sjfb
wcHt[B zfsY hst msb jvf dwjG.
ˆviv ixKj jsv rtcl mfJfv jfiV ifEfsbf ˆhQ dhhfr-hásbv 5/7 dlb iCshG
jsbv hfdV `tob' ifEfsbfv iaKf ƒntfmD iaKf bq. kfviv ˆv nsÌ pfq hsvv Hfƒ-
hác W hcbfƒvf. nfu-sifwfj, ianfLb-nfmoaDv nfsK ickct uv¢vD, zsbsj ifEfq tcFc
ˆhQ kfnW! kfv nfsK dydb, ifb-ncifdv, mfY, mcûf, rtcl mfJfv wfdV Kfjshƒ. ˆƒ
`tob-Lvf' W mcJ slJfv zbcôfb ˆj hAqhùt hAfifv. ˆsk pf Jvy rq kf ˆjef
ƒntfmD dhhfr mudtsnv ubA psKó. dj§Â rfq sv! isvv jfb sJftfbjcdy dlsq
mtstW kfsk dbsuv hAKf sjfKfq?
dlsbv swsN zbcdôk rq mcJ lwGsbv zbcôfb. ifÛDsj ncndÏkf jsv `zftm
kftf'v (ifÛ-ifÛDv hnfv ubA dhswN ncndÏk dhYfbf hf) zfnsb hnfsbf rq.
ˆviv zÌvfso ndÏk snƒ syrfvf slsJ ifsÛv ‰ Hfƒ-hácvf. zfÌcst hf efjfq
dydb dbsq ifÛDv zLsv ±iwG jsv! zÌcvDqv …irfv ncndÏk zfÌcst idvsq slq,
OdV idvsq slq nclwGb rfkJfdb sesb! ˆv I]fsj lc'yfvde EfÕf-…irfn skf ystƒ.
jfvB, ˆvf slWv, b¦lfƒ, hác, …irfsnv ifÛ kfƒ!
zk}iv ncsoft jdçJfdbsk ncskf h]fsL, ttfse tfofq rtcl h]fef ˆhQ rfsk slq
u]fdk hf jfuttkf! zKy ˆslvsj syrfvf slJfsbfW rfvfm. diaq bhD  nkAƒ
hstsYb, ªtÏf bf Kfjst pf mb kfƒ jv.« (hc} 3484bQ) zKGf{ dbtGÏ shrfqfvfƒ
ƒ¤Yfmk Lxókfg ialwGb jvsk ifsv. i[f§Àsv sjfb mc'dmb dbtGÏ rq bf. jfvB,
ªtÏf „mfsbv zQwdhswN.« (hc}, mc}, dm} 5bQ)
iajfw sp, ˆv iv sKsj rfsk hf jifst ncskf sh]sL vfJf W jfuttkf hf u]fdk
nhGlf nfsK vfJf dhlzfk. hvQ ˆv mfLAsm pdl sjfb mÌstv zfwf jvf rq ksh kf dwjG.
ifÛ-ifÛDsj ˆviv dlbocdtsk hfdVv hfƒsv spsk bf slWqf. ˆƒ dlsb mndul hf
iDsvv Kfsb dndâ dhkvB jvf iaHxdk dhlzfk W dwjG.
ˆhfv vƒt ofsq rtcl, skt yfifsbf, nfkcwD W bfdiskv bJ jfef iaHxdk iaKf.
skt yfifsbfsk nLhf bfvD rsk rsh. dhLhf zfnsk ifsh bf. dbdlGó jfisV jfhf-
mcsJ hdnsq rtcl mfJfsh. jfisV dtJf ifÛ-ifÛDv bfm. ifÛsj ˆmb mdrtfvf rtcl
mfJfsh pfslv ‰ ifÛsj slJf slWqf rfvfm! ifsÛv ˆmb zsÌ (ufsÌ, bfHDv bDsy)
rtcl mfJfq sp zÌ icv¢Nsj slJfsbfW rfvfm. nckvfQ ˆmb i»Kf ƒntfsm dj rsk ifsv?
i[f§Àsv icv¢N vM hAhrfv jvsk ifsv bf. kfƒ rfsk-ifsq smsrd¦l tfofsk ifsv
bf. rtcl hAhrfv jvfW kfv ubA swfHbDq bq. dhswN jsv rtcl vsMv sifwfj kfv
ubA dbdNÝ. (mc}, dm} 4327bQ)
ˆjlf nfrfhDv ofsq rtcl vM slsJ bhD  hcsUdYstb, dkdb bh-dhhfdrk. (hc}, mc},
dm} 3210bQ) snef rtcslv vM bq. hvQ ²ÃDv slsrv (mdrtfslv hAhrfpGA ˆjiajfv
ncodá) `Jftcj'ˆv vM; pf k]fv jfisV stso dosqdYt.(Ifkùt hfvD 9/144) nckvfQ êfsj
ifÛ-ifÛDv ubA rtcl mfJfv ShLkfv ltDt mfbf pfq bf. r]Af, ksh pdl sj… slsrv
vM `jf]yf snfbfv mk …Ï¶t' jvfv …sÜswA dbu rfsk smsJ Lcsq sIst, ksh sn
jKf dHâ. kfYfVf dhsqv ifÛ-ifÛDv ubA ˆƒ dlsq to´ wcv¢ jvf dhlzfk.
zhwA ifÛD rfsk-ifsq smsrd¦l hAhrfv jvsk ifsv. hvQ mdrtfslv rfsk nhGlf
smsrd¦l tfdosq vfJfƒ dhdLn©mk. (dm} 4467bQ)
ˆviv vfsÛ [Dv mcsJ slWqfv slwfyfv. nfLfvBk} ˆ iaKf ifw¶GhkDG idvshw sKsj
Lfv jvf hf zbciashw jvf iaKf. diaq bhD  hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ sp ufdkv zbcjvB
jsv, sn kfslvƒ ltHcÙÁ.« (dm} 4347bQ)
kfYfVf ˆmb mdrtfvf ifsÛv WôfLv ±iwG jsv kfv mcsJ [Dv-dmdó slq, pfslv
ubA ‰ ifÛsj slJf slWqfW rfvfm! zsbj nmq …irfsnv ifÛD (?) HfhD, bfbD
rst rfsk jfmsVW slWqf rq! hvQ ifÛW HfhDv mcsJ kcst slq iadklfsbv [Dv!
zKy ˆƒ ±iwG sKsj kfv mfKfq ncy so]sK pfWqfW …Ùm dYt.« (dnn} 226bQ) zbcv™i
jsv ifÛDv nfsKW kfv …irfsnv ifÛvf! hvQ sp [Dv JfWqfsk pfq kfv nfsKW
yst dhdHâ mõvf.
zfv kfv nfsK yst òDk-ifdeG' pchkDslv oDk. wcLc oDkƒ bq hvQ zw½Dt oDk W
rfkkfdt nr sTft-hflA hfdusq oDk. ˆv nsÌ Kfsj `stdF FAf¦n' hf bfy. zfv
swsN dhdHâ zw½Dt W zShL zdHbq hf `jfi'! ˆmb idvd²¿dk slsJ-wcsb iaskAj
v¢dyhfb mcndtm kf OxBf jvsk hfLA. dj§Â hù v¢dyrDb oxrjkGf ˆnh slsJ-wcsbW wcLc
ˆƒ hst ë™s[i jsv bf sp, `zfm jfst sFfm vfuf, dhsq jfst smsq vfuf.' Ist
ƒ¤Yf jsvƒ zbcok iauf rsq kfslvsj dbu zh²¿fq sYsV slq zKhf smsqslv Lmsj
hfLA rsqƒ yci Kfsj. kfƒ dbu idvhfvsj dbtGÏkfq sYsV dlsq hfdVv hfƒsv vfk
jfefskW tÏf jsv bf. zKy ªoxsrv nm²À lfdqk¶ n©isjG djqfmsk oxrjkGfv
dbje SjdIqk kth jvf rsh.« (dm} 3685bQ)
ˆƒ Lvsbv znfv W zw½Dt mudtsn sjfb mcndtm bfvDv …id²¿k rWqf ˆhQ [Dv
JfWqfsbf db}ns¦lsr rfvfm. spmb mdrtfslv ˆƒ jDdkGjtfi lwGb jvf hf bfsy
sIdv slWqf icv¢Nslv ubA dhswNHfsh rfvfm. ˆmb bfdysqsj sIdv slWqfv hlst
kfv sjfmv sHsÌ slWqf …dyk mcndtsmv -dhswN jsv kfv zdHHfhsjv. dj§Â rfq!
`wfwcVD pdl lf]dVsq mcsk, kfrst h… skf ifj dlsq dlsq mckshƒ!'
zfƒhcsVf hf KchVf Hfskv (zdhhfdrk zh²¿fv swN zâoarsBv) zbcôfbW
dhufkDq iaKf. ˆƒ dlsbv [Dv-dndâ dhkvBW dhlzfk. hvQ iDvktfq dhkvB
dwjG. zfv ˆƒ dlb nfLfvBk} ifjfb hf hfkfnf dhkvB (dhÛÁsqv) dlb. pfslvsj
ˆƒ ifjfb hf dmdó slWqf rsh kfslvsj idvmfB mk efjf dlsq `Hfk' JfWqfskƒ
rsh. bf dlst bq. ˆƒ stZdjjkfq mfb vfJsk dosqW zsbsj tdÏk rq. nckvfQ
ˆnh slwfyfv ƒntfsmv djYc bq.
kfviv zfsn skt bfmfsbfv iftf. sUfmv Fftf rq ifÛ hf ifÛDsj sj¦la jsv
rfkkfdt dlsq oDk sosq W iald[B jsv!
ˆ YfVf zfsY dwvskt Tftfv zbcôfb. nLhfslv rfskv …isv rfk, nhfv …iv
sbfVf, kfv …iv skt Tftf rq ˆhQ kf ifÛDv mfKfq odVsq isV. ˆƒ nsÌ zfsvf
jk dj smsqdt jDdkG. kfYfVf ˆ iaKf n©Hhk} dwhdtÌ iCufvDslv. jfvB,
zsbsjƒ ˆƒ iaKfsj `dwhskt Tftf' hst Kfsj. kfYfVf ˆv iamfB rt dwhdtsÌv
mk ‰ sbfVf!
nckvfQ sp mcndtm bfvDvf mCdkGiCujslv zbcv™i jsv kfvf vncstv hfBDmsk
Wslvƒ ltHcÙÁ. zfv ˆslv nsÌ lfqD rsh kfslv zdHHfhj W öfmDvfW.
ˆƒ dlbocdtsk `zftmkftfq' hnfv zfso ifÛ-ifÛDv jift sEdjsq zfnsb hf
dhYfbfq nftfm dhlzfk. sjfb shofbf (spmb hcbfƒ iaHxdkv) sjfst sysi zftm-
kftfq hnf rfvfm. bfvD-icv¢sNv (jcecìslv) zhfL dmtf-dmwf, jsKfijKb mufj-
EfÕf, ilGfrDbkf iaHxdk ƒntfm dhsvfLD zfyvB W zHAfn. spmb vM YVfYdV jsv
srftD (?) W jflf sJtf iaHxdk dhufkDq iaKf. ˆmb zfVìv W zbcôfb ƒntfsm
zbcsmfdlk bq.
nckvfQ mcndtm nfhLfb! kcst dlb `zftmkftf' bfmj ‰ `vKkftf'sj idvshw
rsk. ifÛ-ifÛDW nsykb rW! hnshbf ‰ `vKkftf'sk. [Dv Jfsh bf ˆv-Wv
rfsk. sj ufsb Wslv rfskv zh²¿f dj? dY}!
dhhfsrv dlb
dhhfr háb W mudtsnv ubA hv, jsb W zdHHfhj YfVf zfv mfÛ lcde stfsjv
iasqfub. kfW skf dmdbe jsqsjv hAfifv. dj§Â ˆk dhict zfsqfub, ˆk Oef
djsnv? ôcstf stfj ialwGb bq dj? 10/20ef Fctfv dhdh, 80/100ef hvpfÛD;
kfsk zmcndtmW Kfjsh! ˆk stfsjv vfJf W JfWqfsbfv lfdqk¶ ifÛDis[v OfsV.
sjfb zdLjfsv? `ˆk ub ifvh bf' htstW …ifq sbƒ. nm²À jcecsìv mfb vfJskƒ
rsh. sufv jsv pfsh 100 ub hvpfÛD. ifÛDi[ hfLA rsqƒ vfuD rq. êf dj pctcm
bq? pctcm jsv dj jfsvf hfdVsk dbm§ÃB JfWqf yst? ˆmb siecsjvf dj tcsevf bq?
jcecm hcUfsk dbsu JfWqfW. isvv OfsV sjb jcecsmv mfb vfJ? bfdj ìsvv stsu
if iVst kcstfifbf sEsj, zfv dbsuv stsu if iVst j]Afj jsv Ffsj.' kfƒ bf?
sufsvv hvpfÛD sHfv sKsjƒ ia²Âk. okjft ifÛ-ifÛD sn]flf W zfef smsJ ofsqv
rtcl kcst (zfmifkf slWqf) ifdbsk sofnt jsvsY. hv kfv lfdVocstfsj shw
skt ifvf jsv sy]sY mnxB oft shv jsvsY! zfu kfslv bhuDhsbv bkcb iaHfk.
yfdvdlj JcwDsk Fomo. dj§Â jfv sJqft Kfsj sp, `jfsvf siZNmfn, zfv jfsvf hf
nhGbfw.' `jfsvf smfu rq, sj… zfmfwq pfq.'
hv nfufsbfv Lcm ytsY hfdVv ˆj iafs§À. (dbsuv zKhf nvjfvD) HfhDvf hvsj
dOsv ivm zflsv jifst ycb-jcmjcsmv sIfef, mfKfq mcjce, otfq Icstv mftf,
zfÌcst snfbfv zÌcvDq, otfq snfbfv rfv, ufmfq snfbfv shfkfm, ofsq svwsmv hf
rtcl djQhf ufIvfbD vsMv v¢mft hf]Lf rs¤Y. pfv iaskAjdeƒ rfvfm.
zbA dlsj wfdV slWqf rqdb hst hV HfhD vfo jsvsY; kfƒ Fctfv dhdh pfsh bf.
sYfe hcbcƒsj ufmf-iAf¦e slWqf rqdb hst vfo jsvsY; kfƒ hvpfÛD pfsh bf. hácsj
hvpfÛD bf dbsq sost snsuf HfƒW dhsqsk pfsh bf htsY. W ifVfv nfuc vfo
jsvsY, snW hvpfÛD pfsh bf. jfvB, kfv yfyfsj hvpfÛD htf rqdb kfƒ! Wslv
njstv vfo mfbfhfv syóf ytsY.
hvsj sjfst kcst ifd¬j hf ofdVsk hnfstf kfv hcbfƒ zKhf yfyfskf Hfƒ. mf ˆt
skstv H]fV W ifdbv hlbf rfsk sYstv jfsY. jqub smsq mf-shefsj dlt jfiV
sTsj. mf sYstv ifsq skt dlsq ifdb äfvf if Lcsq dlt! nsn´sr duÎfnf jvt,
`sjfKfq pf¤Y hfhf?' sYst nk¶v uhfh dlt, `skfmfv ubA lfnD zfbsk pfd¤Y mf!'
ˆviv ofdV hf ifd¬j Ycse ifÛDv oafm hf wrsvv dlsj.
htfƒ hfùtA sp, iCshGv ‰ jDdkGocstf ƒntfsmv djYc bq. iv§Â iqnf dbsq lfnD
zfbfv iaHfh hù nQnfsvƒ hù hLCv …iv isv Kfsj.
hvpfÛDv ofdV iCshGƒ YcsedYt. Kfmt oafsmv hfƒsv. sj… sjfÚfW sbƒ. hAfifv dj?
ˆk znfmfduj ifÛDi[! dbm§ÃB jvsk hf zfso hfdVsq (nQhLGbf ufdbsq) dbsk
zfsn db sj…! lfWqfk bf dlst dj jfsvf hfdV smsrmfb pfWqf rq. ˆk bDy W sY]fyf
bq hvi[. ksh ufstm dbÇyq hse. jfvB, sufviChGj skf ˆk stfj nsÌ ˆsbsY
kfvf. sufv jsv smsrmfb ˆsn zfhfv lfWqfskv zsi[f sjb? ufstsmv mk Tcsj
iV, zfv tcsevfv mk sise Hv. slfN dj kfsk? slwfyfv skf! dbmGm swfNB rstƒ
hf [dk dj?
vfo dbsqƒ iashw jsv hvpfÛD. jsbi[ Hct öDjfv jsv jk jsó vfo mfbfq.
khcW znQok m§ÀhA sKsj svrfƒ ifqbf. zfhfv ˆJfsb skf `hfhc pk hst, ifdvNlX
lst hst kfv wkÈB.' sj jfv mcsJ rfk slsh? pdl dhsq Ocsv pfq!
hvfbcomb rst nn©mfsb kfsj sjfst jsv bfmfsbf rq. iaKsm mndusl nftfm (?)
zKhf lcƒ vfjzfk bfmfp iVfsbf rq. (ˆde dhlzfk, zhwA mndusl sost hf
mndusl dhsq vfJst njtsjƒ kfdrqAfkct mndul lc'vfjzfk iVsk rq. iajfw
sp, mndusl dhsq svsJ hvpfÛDslv Lcmifb, znQok jKfhfkGf iaHxdk äfvf kfv
idhÛkf rfdb jvf zhwAƒ rfvfm.) ˆviv iDvktfq, ƒmfmktfq nftfm (?) jvfsbf
rq. kfviv (sjfb sjfb ˆtfjfq) w¶wcvhfdVsk dbsq dosq hvfnb nfk yÛÁ kWqfI
jdvsq hnfsbf rq. ˆƒ nmq bfdj jsb tcdjsq sjfb I]fj sKsj hvsj slsJ (iY¦l
jsv) Kfsj. dj§Â ˆnmq ziY¦l rstW dj dhsq dIdvsq dlsk ifvsh?
zk}iv hv zfsn dhhfr mudtsnv `zftm kftfq.' hV dhbDk rsq v¢mft rfsk
dbsq U]csj dhYfbfq nftfm (?) jsv. dj ufdb, `zfnnftfmc zftfƒjcm' h'st nftfm
rqskf ufsbW bf. ˆviv sjhtf mcsJ bfmfsp hnfv mk (iafq nhGlfƒ hsn).
ˆƒ nmq zsbj ufqofq iAfsàstv sose lf]dVsq lcƒ i»nfdLjf pchkD jifst
y¦lsbv sIfef dlsq ˆhQ otfq Icstv mftf idvsq hv W hvpfÛD hvB jsv!
kfviv wcv¢ JfWqf-lfWqf W Hc]dVsHfub; zsLGj JfWqf, zsLGj sItf. dmdósJfsvv
lt skf sofbf-o]fKf 70/80 ef vnsofïf Jfshƒ. bf ifvst dbQsV-dbycsv, ycdv jsv
tËf jfmsV hf sthc ycsnW sise Hvsh. isv hdm rsq sostW YfVsh sjb? iqnf skf
tfosY bf.
ˆv isvW pdl djYc zfbsk hf dlsk ˆjec dhtì rq kfrst si½e …hcv rsh zKhf
sItf rsh Y]csV! zfsvf jk zwftDb zfyvB ˆƒ hlXpfÛDslv! djsnv ˆk lfiX, sjb
ˆk hficdÙ zdLjfv Itfsbf? jfvB, rqskf ifÛDv hfi syfsvv lfsq Lvf isVsY
kfƒ. jbAflfq sKsj mcdÙÁ ifWqfv ubA hvis[v ˆk ifsq Lvf. Jfƒsq-lfƒsqW
pdl kfvf ofst yVW mfsv, khcW oft sisk bDvsh nrA jsv dbsk rsh. bsy{ pdl
dhsq Ocsv pfq! dbrfkƒ muhcv ifÛDi[!
mrfb zfïfr hstb, َ‫ﻦ‬
َ ‫ﺴ ِﺮ ِﻓ ْﻴ‬
ْ ‫ﺤﺐﱡ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ‬
ِ ‫ ِإﻧﱠ ُﻪ َﻻ ُﻳ‬،‫ﺴ ِﺮ ُﻓ ْﻮْا‬
ْ ‫ﺷ َﺮ ُﺑ ْﻮْا َو َﻻ ُﺗ‬
ْ ‫ َو ُآُﻠ ْﻮْا َوَا‬
ªskfmvf ifbfrfv jv, dj§Â ziyq jsvf bf. dkdb ziyqjfvDslv iY¦l jsvb
bf.« (jc} 7/31)
ªzfv skfmvf djYcskƒ zihAq jsvf bf. pfvf zihAq jsv kfvf zhwAƒ wqkfsbv
Hfƒ. zfv wqkfb kfv iadkiftsjv iadk zdkwq zjxkÎ.« (jc} 17/26-27)
ªkfslv dhv¢sÝƒ (wfd²Àv) hAh²¿f zhtìb jvf rsh pfvf mfbcsNv …iv zkAfyfv
jsv ˆhQ ixdKhDsk zsrkcj dhslafrfyvB jsv shVfq.« (jc} 42/42) ªzfv dkdb
zkAfyfdvslvsj iY¦l jsvb bf.« (jc} 42/40)
lqfv bhD  hstb, ªˆj mcndtm ziv mcndtsmv Hfƒ. sj… jfsvf i»dk pctcm
jvsh bf ˆhQ sj… jf…sj znrfq sYsV slsh bf. kfjWqf rt r™lsqv dudbn.
zfv sjfb mfbcsNv ms¦lv ubA ˆkecjc psKó sp, sn kfv mcndtm Hfƒsj OxBf jsv.
iv§Â i»skAj mcndtsmv ufb, mft W ƒÏk i»skAj mcndtsmv ubA rfvfm jvf
rsqsY. (mc} 2564bQ)
ifEjmfsÛƒ zfwf jdv hcUsk sisvsYb sp, …ipGcÙÁ jmGjfà W dhdHâ zfyfv-
zbcôfsbv nis[ sjfb nmKGbƒ ƒntfsm sbƒ. kfYfVf ifÛDis[v iadk ˆmb zHl»
zfyvB wcLc ƒntfm dhsvfLDƒ bq; hvQ zmfbdhjW.
ˆJfsb ifÛDis[vW …dyk bq jó öDjfv jsv bfm djbsk pfWqf ˆhQ zihAq
jsv dhdHâ JfslAv HAfvfƒdeu ia²Âk jvf. jfvB, ªzihAqjfvDvf wqkfsbv Hfƒ.«
(jc} 17/27) spmb smsrmfbslv zn©mfb rsk bf slWqfW kfslv jkGhA.
Wdlsj Fctfv (slftfv) dhdhvfW ilGfv Fcdt sKsj shv rsq shofbf icv¢sNv rfsk
JfWqf-lfWqfv jkGhA (?) iftb jvsY. zfv msb msb dy§Àf jvsY `sj sjmb jfiV
ifsh.' jfiV Jfvfi rst skf svrfƒ sbƒ.
dhhfr-háb
ƒntfm ˆj ncwx£Jt uDhb-hAh²¿f. dhhfr sjfb sJtf bq. êf rt lc'de uDhsbv
dyv-háb. kfƒ ˆƒ hábsj ncwx£Jdtk W wÙÁ jvfv …sÜswA ƒntfsm vsqsY dhdHâ
dbqm-bDdk.
ƒntfmD dhhfr-hásbv ubA iaKmk} wkG rt ifÛ-ifÛDv n©mdk. nckvfQ kfvf
spJfsb dhhfr jvsk n©mk bq snJfsb sufviChGj dhhfr slWqf kfslv zdHHfhsjv
ubA ShL bq. diaq bhD  hstb, ªzjcmfvDv ivfmwG hf uhfbD zbcmdk bf dbsq
ˆhQ jcmfvDv n©mdk bf dbsq kfslv dhhfr slWqf pfsh bf. zfv jcmfvDv n©mdk rt
smZb Kfjf. (hc}, mc}, nbf} 3058bQ, nƒmf} 1516bQ)
nckvfQ zjcmfvDv uhfbD zbcmdk ˆhQ jcmfvDv smZbn©mdk dhbf dhhfr wcÝ rq
bf. ˆƒ zbcmdk sbsh jsbv hfdVv stfj.
bfhfdtjfv dhhfr kfv zdHHfhj dlsk ifsv. rpvk zfsqwf (vf}) ˆv dhhfr
rsqdYt 6 hYv hqsn ˆhQ dhhfr-hfnv rsqdYt 9 hYv hqsn.(mc}, dm} 2129bQ)
ksh n©mdk bf dbsq zdHHfhj zifÛ, Ifsnj, wfvfhD, hAdHyfvD, dhlzfkD hf sjfb
zspfoA icv¢sNv rfsk kcst dlst mdrtf nfhfdtjf rWqfv iv dbsu jfuDv dbje
zdHspfo jvsk ifsv. ƒ¤Yf jvst dhhfr zece svsJ ‰ öfmDv nfsKƒ nQnfv jvsk
ifsv, bsy{ hfdkt jvfskW ifsv. (zflf}, dm} 3136bQ)
ifÛDv ubA kfv ztD hf zdHHfhj uv¢vD. dhbf ztDsk dhhfr hfdkt. (zflf},
dk}, ƒmf}, zf}, ƒv} 1839,1840bQ)
ˆƒ ztD rsh nfhftj, nc²¿md²À°j W ncshfLn©iâ nsykb mcndtm icv¢N. spmb
ifÛDv dikf, kf bf rst lfslf, bf rst sYst hf sifkf, bf rst nsrflv Hfƒ, bf rst
ShmfsÛq Hfƒ, bf rst zfib yfyf, bsy{ dikfv ShmfsÛq Hfƒ, bf rst yfyfskf Hfƒ
zbcv™i dbjefk¹Dq.
nckvfQ ShdisÛq Hfƒ, Hfƒsif, bfbf, mfmf ztD rsk ifsv bf. zbcv™i mf hf zbA
sjfb mdrtfv zdHHfhjsk¶ hf zfslwÛÁsm dhhfr rsh bf. (dp} 16 ix}) spmb,
dbjsev ztD Kfjsk lCsvv ztDv; spmb hfi Kfjsk lfslfv hf lfslf Kfjsk Hfsqv
zdHHfhjsk¶ bfvDv dhhfr rq bf.
zbcv™i iftdqkf hfi sjfb ztDƒ bq. pfv sjfb ztD sbƒ kfv ztD rsh jfuD.
(mh} 9/55)
hfi bfd²Àj hf jhviCufvD rst smsqv ztD rsk ifsv bf. (‰ 26/138)
zdHHfhj YfVf bfvDv dhsq rq bf. spsrkc icv¢sNv hAfifsv kfv smfseƒ zdHÎkf
Kfsj bf. zfsho W dhr¶tkfq öfmD oarsB Hct jvfefƒ kfv öfHfdhj, kfƒ icv¢N
zdHHfhj uv¢vD. ksh zShL zdHHfhjk¶ jfsvf ytsh bf. (ncmfmc} 70ix}) nfLAmk
ncifÛ W spfoA öfmD dbhGfyb YfVf sJqft-JcwD mk pfv-kfv nfsK smsqv dhhfr dlsk
ifsv bf. spsrkc zdHHfhjk¶ ˆj hV zfmfbk. pf dbsuv öfsKG spJfsb JcwD snJfsb
iasqfo jvsk hf dbsuv jfsY Hsv vfJsk ifsv bf. pKf²¿fsb kf si]ZsY slWqf Ivp.
mrfb zfïfr hstb, ªsr mcdmboB! skfmvf susb-wcsb zfïfr W vnCstv sJqfbk
jsvf bf ˆhQ skfmfslv (od¤Yk) zfmfbskvW bq.« (jc} 8/27)
ªdkdb sjfb sJqfbkjfvD (dhÇhfnOfkj) zjxkÎsj Hfstfhfsnb bf.« (jc}22/38)
ªzfïfr skfmfslvsj zfslw jsvsYb sp, skfmvf zfmfbk kfv pKfKG mfdtjsj
iakAiGB jv---.« (jc} 4/58)
kfYfVf ªiaskAj lfdqk¶wDt hAdÙÁsj kfv lfdqk¶ iansÌ djqfmsk SjdIqk dlsk
rsh.« (dm} 3685bQ)
nckvfQ spmb zifsÛ jbAflfb rfvfm. zbcv™i ncifÛ ifWqf nsÙ¶W jbAflfb bf
jvfW rfvfm. jbAfv n©mdk nsÙ¶W dbuö öfsKG dhhfr bf slWqf zdHHfhsjv zShL
jkGxk¶. ztD ˆmb dhhfsr hfLf dlst ivhkDG WtD dhhfr slsh. bsy{ dhyfv-dhshybfv
iv jfuD kfv dhhfsrv Hfv sbshb. (nuf} 2709bQ)
mrfb zfïfr hstb, ªzfv skfmvf pJb ²ÃDslv huGb jv ˆhQ kfvf kfslv ƒÜk
iCBG jsv, kJb kfslvsj kfslv öfmD oarB jvsk hfLf dlW bf.« (jc} 2/232)
ƒntfmD dhhfsr zfjslv nmq 2de nf[D zhwA uv¢vD. (ƒv} 1844bQ)
ifÛ-ifÛD pdl dhhfsr sjfb wkG tfofsk yfq kfrst kf tfofsk ifsv. ksh sn wkG
spb sjfb rftftsj rfvfm hf rfvfmsj rftft bf jsv. ˆv™i rst sn wkG iftb
Wqfsuh bq. nckvfQ ifÛi[ pdl smfrv bf slWqfv wkG zfsvfi jsv, ksh kf
oarBspfoA W iftbDq bq. hvQ zsbsjv msk zfjXl wcÝƒ rsh bf. jfvB, smfrv
slWqf Wqfsuh, pdlW kf nfmfbAƒ srfj bf sjb. zbcv™i pdl ifÛDis[v dbje
sKsj djYc (iB) ifWqfv wkG tfdosq ifÛ dhhfr jsv ksh sn wkG iftb ifÛDis[v
ubA Wqfsuh bq. (dInc} 2/47)
zfjXl djHfsh rsh?

smfrvfdl LfpG ƒkAfdl rsq Kfjst jfuD hf ƒmfm nfsrh nC[¹Hfsh sJ]fu sbshb sp,
ztD sj ˆhQ wvqD djbf? hsvv yfv ²ÃDv hkGmfsb êf iÑm dhhfr skf bq? hv
mcndtm skf? ifÛD ƒÜskv msLA skf bq? oHGhkD skf bq? ifsÛv däkDq dhhfr
rst iCshGv ²ÃDv hkGmfsb ˆƒ ifÛD kfv shfb, IcIc, hcbdU hf HfƒdU skf bq. ˆƒ ifÛD
nLhf rsq jfsvf öfmDsk¶ sbƒ skf? ifÛDv däkDq dhhfr rst kfv iChGöfmD pKfvDdk
kftfj dlsqsY skf? ifÛD vfuD zfsY skf? ifÛDv sjfb ShL wkG skf sbƒ? lc'ub
ndEj W …ipcÙÁ nf[D zfsY djbf? ƒkAfdl.
zk}iv nrDr rflDnn©mk Jc{hf ifE jvshb. Jckhfq …sïdJk zfqfk zfdlv
zbchfl ifÛsj hcdUsq slWqf …Ùm. iajfw sp, ˆ Jc{hf zfjXslv ubA uv¢vD bq,
ncâk. zk}iv ztDsj htsk htshb zKhf kfv kvI sKsj WjDt rsq hsvv
…sÜswA ˆjhfv htshb, `ˆk efjf slbsmfrsvv dhdbmsq zmcj oafsmv zmcsjv
jbAf zmcsjv (±ió bfm …sïJ jsv) skfmfv ndrk dhhfr dld¤Y.'
ifÛ htsh , `zfdm ˆƒ dhhfr jhct jvdY.'
ˆviv njst hsvv …sÜswA ˆjfjD ˆƒ lczf jvsh,
.‫ﺧ ْﻴ ٍﺮ‬
َ ‫ﻲ‬
ْ ‫ﺟ َﻤ َﻊ َﺑ ْﻴ َﻨ ُﻜ َﻤﺎ ِﻓ‬
َ ‫ﻚ َو‬
َ ‫ﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ‬
َ ‫ك‬
َ ‫ﺎر‬
َ ‫ﻚ َو َﺑ‬
َ ‫اﷲ َﻟ‬
ُ ‫ك‬َ ‫ﺎر‬
َ ‫َﺑ‬
…¤yfvB}- hf-vfjfïf-ù tfjf zhf-vfjf zftfƒjf zufmfzf hfƒbfjcmf ID Jfƒv.
zKGf{, zfïfr skfmfv iadk hjGk hNGB jv¢b, skfmfsj iafycpG lfb jv¢b ˆhQ
skfmfslv …Hqsj mÌstv mfsU ˆjdÛk jv¢b. (zflf}, dk}, zfdp} 175ix})
hfdrAj zfVìvrDb ƒntfsm ˆƒJfsb dhhfsrv zfnt jmG swN. ÎfkhA dhNq sp,
zfjXslv nmq jsb mfdnjfh²¿fq KfjstW sjfb [dk sbƒ. ksh snƒ nmsq
hfnvwpAfq bf ifEfsbfƒ …dyk.
hv shfhf rst ƒwfvf W ƒdÌsk jhct oarBspfoA. (dInc} 2/35) rfskv dtJf idvdyk
rst dydE zflfb-ialfb jsv zfjXl n©Hh. ksh dydE sldJsq ia²Àfh W jhcstv …iv
2ub nf[D vfJf uv¢vD. (‰ 2/36) hv ÎfbwCbA hf sbwfoa²À zh²¿fq Kfjst zfjXl
nrDr bq. (mh} 4/342) sedtsIfsb sLfjfv zfwËf Kfjfv ubA zfjXl wcÝ bq. (‰ 3/370)
ifÛ-ifÛD slJfsldJ bf rsq sjfb ƒuskmfq syfJhá jsv sjht zfshohsw dhhfr
pcdÙÁpcÙÁ bq.
ifjf ltDt vfJfv ubA dhhfsrv hv, jsb, ztD, nf[D iaHxdkv bfm W öf[v ˆhQ
smfrv, wkG ƒkAfdl (jfdht hf jhctbfmf) dtsJ sbWqf slfsNv bq.
hsvv däkDq dhhfr rst iaKmf ²ÃDv zbcmdk uv¢vD bq. (mh} 25/67)
ˆ YfVf hkGmfsbv ƒpXb sbWqfv zbcôfb ˆhQ …jDt W nf[D nr jsbv ƒpXb
zfbsk pfWqfv Oefv nmKGb wvDqsk dmst bf. dhhfr zfjXslv ubA nf[D uv¢vD,
jsbv ƒpXsbv ubA bq. ˆv ubA jsbv zdHHfhjƒ psKó. zhwA zdHHfhsjv i[
sKsj sLfjf hf sJqfbskv zfwËf Kfjst jfpD dbsu zKhf k]fv iadkdbdL ilGfv
zfVft sKsj jsbv mkfmk ufbsh.
ˆYfVf ƒpXb sbWqfv ubA jsbsj spJfsb hnfsbf rsh snJfsb tfkf slWqf, jsbsj
…¬e jsv wfdV-nfqf-h½f…u ivfsbf, jsbv rfsk ycdV bf vfJf, mfKfv sJ]fif hf shBD bf
h]fLf, (zsbj ˆtfjfq) ncdkv wfdV ivf uv¢vD msb jvf, jsbsj di]sVv …iv
mdrtf-mudtsnv mfsU idÇym-mcsJ hnfsbf ˆhQ ilGfv zfVft sKsj dkb hfv `ù]'
sbWqf, ˆƒ nmq j]fnfv Kftfq sofef ifb-ncifvD (l]fVf-Èqf-ifb) (!) nr suWv-
jfiV dhhfr mudtn W jsbv jfsY dbsq pfWqf-zfnf, dhhfr bf iVfsbf ipG§À jsbv
mfsqv svfpf vfJf (bf JfWqf) ƒkAfdl dhlzfk W zdkdvÙÁ jmG.
spmb zfjXslv iv rfk kcst ufmfzfdk (nfLfvB) lczf. zfjXslv iCshG hf isv
mDtfl (ufmfzfkD lv™l) iVf, hsvv lcƒ vfjzfk bfmfp iVf, …sE mudtsnv
…sÜswA nftfm W mcnfIfrf jvf, dbsuv rfsk ƒmfm, …jDt W nf[Dslvsj WtDmfr
(?) slWqf, wvhk W ifb rftft jvf, zfjXsl dkb-dkb hfv jhct jvfsbf, hvsj
idÇymmcsJ hnfsbf ƒkAfdl dhlzfk. (Imfmc} 2/714)
dhhfr-hásbv iCshG hvsj jstmf iVfsbfW dhlzfk ˆhQ hsvv iadk jcLfvBf .
mcndtm rWqfq ns¦lr Kfjst iCshGƒ Jhv sbWqf lvjfv. jfvB, kfv ndrk sjfb
mcndtm smsqv dhhfr ShLƒ bq. kfYfVf mcsJ jstmf idVsq jfsu spmbjfv skmdb
Kfjst mcndtm rq dj jsv? i[f§Àsv ifÛD jstmf ufsb djbf, kfW skf slJfv
dhNq? dj§Â kf skf jƒ slJf rq bf.
iajfw Kfsj sp, öfmD-²ÃD …Hsq ˆjƒ nfsK ƒntfm oarB jvst zKhf jcIvD hf
dvÜfr sKsj kWhf jvst ƒntfm hf kWhfv iCshGv dhhfr-háb isvW hufq Kfjsh.
i[f§Àsv lcusbv ƒntfm hf kWhf pdl zfso-isv rq, ksh sn s[sÛ ²ÃDv zfso öfmD
ƒntfm oarB hf kWhf jvst kfv djkfdhqfr (nfL¶D ƒqfùlD hf dJaófb) ²ÃD YfVf hfjD
zbA LmGfhtdìBD ²ÃDv nfsK sp Shhfdrj n©ijG dYt, kf dYâ rsq pfsh. zk}iv
(dhhfsrv iv dmtb rsq Kfjst) sn kfv ƒÜskv mfsU ƒntfm oarB hf kWhf jvst
zfv icbdhGhfsrv iasqfub rsh bf. iaKm hásbƒ öfmD-²ÃDv n©ijG hufq Kfjsh. dj§Â
²ÃD pdl ƒÜk ifv rWqfv iv ƒntfm oarB hf kWhf jsv kfrst öfmDv jfsY sIv{
pfWqfv ubA bkcb zfjXslv iasqfub rsh. zbAKfq ²ÃD pdl öfmDv zfso ƒntfm oarB
hf kWhf jsv, kfrst kfv öfmD sp LmGfhtìDƒ srfj kfv is[ rfvfm rsq pfsh.
zk}iv kfv ƒÜkjfstv msLA öfmD ƒntfm oarB hf kWhf jvst kfslv iChG dhhfr
hrft Kfjsh. bsy{ ƒÜk ifv rsq sost bkcb zfjXslv mfLAsmƒ öfmD-²ÃD ˆj
zivsj dIsv ifsh.
ƒmfm hf jfuDsj JcwD rsq zfjXslv iv djYc …irfv slWqf pfq. ˆJfsb lfhD W
sufsvv djYc sbƒ. (ƒkf} 625-626 ix}) lfƒ-bfdik dhlfsqv nmq sufviChGj iqnf
zflfsqv iaKf ƒntfmD bq. dhhfsrv nmq kfslv sjfb jmG hf rj sbƒ. (‰ 626 ix})
jfpfqD oarBW ˆj jciaKf. dhswN jsv ˆ dbsq UoVf-jtr hV db¦lfrG. oafmA y]flf
drnfsh pdl ˆmb zsKGv lvjfvƒ rq, ksh dbsuv oafsmv dhsq-hfdV sKsj djYc y]flf
hf HfVf sbWqf pfq. spef zbA oafsm dlsk rq snef dbu oafsm dlst Ufsmtf Kfsj bf.
dhhfr mudtsn hsvv hác-hfáhslv kvI sKsj zw½Dt iasw´fÙv nìdtk rAfàXdht
iaHxdk dhkvB jvf „mfbD idvshswv dyrÁ bq.
zfjXslv iv slwfyfv
ˆviv ufmfƒsj sjfst kcst zfbf rq w¶wcv hfdVsk. hnfsbf rq ncndÏk hvfnsb
hf dhYfbfq. hnfv zfso jifst rfk sEdjsq `zftmkftfq' nftfm jsv hv. dbsuv
wftDv kvI rsk …irfv zfsn slftfHfsqv otfq Icstv mftf, ifVf-nìsá wftD
slq dhõcsev mftfv …irfv. wftf slq efjfv mftf otfq idvsq. ˆviv ˆjef ˆjef
jsv smsqvf zfsn ˆhQ dhdHâ …irfv dlsq ùfmfƒ lwGb' jsv pfq. zShL rstW
slJf slq ufmfƒsj, ufmfsqv Hfƒ-hác-hcbfƒsj! hfdV kJb skf sJftf-smtf
rfnifkft. zsbj mdrtf zfhfv ufmfƒ slJfv nmq ufmfƒsj ycìbW slq!
bh idvBDkf jbAfsj ncndÏkf jsv mwfvDv mk ifktf …Vbfv ilGfq hsvv ifswG¶
hnfsbf rq; ˆk stfj, ˆk mdrtfv mfsU! yeX jsv wftDvf o]feYVf h]fsL. dydb zfbf
rq. bfbD zKhf lflD zfsn. nfmsb hsn jsbv Ffb rfskv jdbôf zfÌct dbsq
dydbsk ycdhsq hsvv zLsv ±iwG jvfq ˆhQ hsvv ‰ zfÌct dbsq zbcv™i jsbv
zLsv ±iwG jvfq. zk}iv zfqbfq ˆj zisvv mcJ ialwGb jvf rq. hvsj bfbD hf
lflD vrnA¤Yst duÎfnf jsv `dj slJst Hfƒ?' hv ifjf rst (zmfhnAf slJstW)
hst `yf]l slJtfm.' djYc bf htst dwdJsq slq ifjf hcdVvf. zfv ˆv mfsU ifVfv
F]fiftDvfW nfvf mudtn rfdnsk W JcwDsk mcJdvk jsv skfst.
ˆviv wfwcVD hv-jsbv diYb dlsj ˆsn lf]Vfq. dydbv ifsÛv ˆj dlsj hsvv
rfk ziv dlsj jsbv rfk nr bfbD hf lflD wfwcVDsj snƒ ifÛ kcst slq. njst
sYsV slq, dj§Â ifjf ufmfƒ YfsV bf. …irfv yfƒ. ufmfsqv ifsw¶G kfv ykcv hcbfƒ
syfJ desi ˆnh dw[f slq. wfwcVD djYc efjf sIst dlstW ufmfsqv iY¦l bf rst
si½e bf YfVst yst wfwcVD-ufmfsqv si½e dbsq dbtGÏ efbfefdb! icbvfq djYc efjf
shwD iVst si½e YfsV zKGstfHD ufmfƒ. rfdnsk mudtn mcJdvk rq. tÏfq mcJ
Tfsj mcndtmvf. ˆƒ dbtGÏkf W Lxókf sjfb sjfb mcndtm bfmLfvD OsvW Ose Kfsj.
zk}iv wfwcVD kfv ufmfƒ-shde, dhqfƒ-dhqfb W zbAfsbAv rfk ˆjsÛ Lsv
Fcjsv sj]sl jbAf n]si slq; `…isv sJflf zfv bfsmfsk lw, ˆkdlb smsq zfmfslv
dYt. ˆJb skfmfslv rt. wfd§Àsk svsJf. mfvsLfv jsvf bf. jvst zfïfr-zfïfrv
vnCtsj jvf rsh----.' pfsk vsqsY jKfv dwjG.
ˆviv jsb skftfv iftf. jsbv slftfHfƒ ˆsn jsbsj skfst. dj§Â kfv jfiV
hsvv jfisVv nsÌ wftDvf sh]sL svsJsY. …irfv YfVf Jctsh bf. …irfsvv ucsqf
sJtfq slftfHfƒ ˆjf dusk pfsh, kf rsh bf. efbfefdbv iv iY¦lmk efjf sist
kshƒ o]fe sJftf rq. ˆv mfsU dhqfƒ-dhqfsb W zfsvf zbAfbA …irfsnv ifÛ-
ifÛDslv mfsU …irfsnv jk sp IctUcdv sIfse ˆhQ buvhfuslv jk sp
buvhfuDv tVfƒ yst, kf skf iakA[lwGDvfƒ ufsb. ˆjf§À dbtGÏ bf rst ˆmb
idvshw oVf nkAƒ jdEb.
sjfb sjfb ˆtfjfq ‰ mudtn sKsj hv dbsu dbu ifÛDsj sjfst kcst sjfb
dbuGb v¢sm iashw jsv! zfsvf jk vjm jDdkG jk ˆtfjfq bkcb bkcb vsM W TsM
slJsk ifWqf pfq. pfv iafq nhocdtƒ dhufkDv zbcjvsB zKhf sJqfthsw jxk
zfyfv. i[f§Àsv mudtsnv mfsU hv jsb ˆjE]fƒ jvfƒ dbtGÏkf W rfvfm. (Im}
46ix}, vfjfdb} 47ix})
zk}iv djYc bf²Àf jsv ufmfƒ ˆv rfk sLfqf dbsq …irfv zfèfv jsv wftf hf
wftD. dj ufdb ‰ ucqfsk sj rfsv zfv sjƒ hf dusk?
ˆviv hv-jsb …Hqsj sjfst jsv ofdVsk kcst dhlfq slWqf rq. ˆv sysq hV
dbtGÏkf zfv dj rsk ifsv sp, ˆjub ncndÏkf, nchfdnkf, bh idvBDkf,
tfhBAmqD pchkDsj kfv sjfb shofbf icv¢N kfv ofsq rfk svsJ, sjfst Hsv, hfùsk
sysi ofdVsk kctsh hf ofdV sKsj bfmfsh?! êf hsvvƒ hf dj jsv v¢dy rq?!
hvjsb dbsu ifsq sr]se ofdV yfish-bfmsh. dhjtfÌ rst smsqvf sj… jsbsj
ˆhQ icv¢sN hvsj kctsh. ˆjf§À pdl n©mfsbv lvjfv rq ksh ˆƒ Hfshƒ jsbsj
mdrtf ˆhQ hvsj icv¢sN ydVsq slsh. ˆYfVf ‰ iaKf shrfqfmD W zShL.
jbAf dhlfq
jbAf dhlfq jvfv iCshG dikf-mfkfv …dyk, kfsj zfïfr-HDdk W bkcb nQnfsvv
…iv dhswN …islw lfb jvf. spmb …dyk dYt kfv uDhbsj nc¦lv W zflwGmq
jsv osV skftf.
ˆj jbAfsj kfv mfkfv …islw db©bv™i}-
`sheD! skfmfsj sp dw[f dlsqdY kfsk zdkdvÙÁ …islw db°iasqfub. khcW
…islw dh±mxk W …lfnDbsj n¹vB W nufo jdvsq slq.
sheD! smsqslv pdl öfmD YfVf ytk ˆhQ kfslv ubA mf-hfsiv Lb-slZtk W
sn´r-Hfstfhfnfƒ pdl psKó rk, kfrst dbÇyq skfmfsj w¶wcvhfdV ifEfkfm bf. dj§Â
smsqvf icv¢N (öfmD)slv ubA ˆhQ icv¢Nvf smsqslv (²ÃD)slv ubA nxdó rsqsY.
sheD! kcdm snƒ idvshw kAfo jvsk ystY, spJfsb kcdm u¦m dbsqY. snƒ hfnf
kAfo jvsk ystY, pfsk kcdm tfdtk-ifdtk rsqY ˆhQ ˆj bkcb jceDsv zbcomb
jvsk ystY, spJfsb skfmfv sj… idvdyk bq. ˆmb nÌDv nfsK hfn jvsk ystY,
pfv ndrk skfmfv sjfb zftfi sbƒ. sn skfmfsj kfv öfmDsk¶ dbsq skfmfv
kÙ¶fhLfqj W mfdtj rsqsY. nckvfQ kcdm kfv sndhjf rsqf, sn skfmfv snhj rsq pfsh.
sheD! öfmDv ubA skfmfv mfsqv ˆƒ 10ef jKf nhGlf sJqft svsJf, dyvncdJbD rsh
ƒbwfzfïfr}-
1- zs¬i kcó rsq nlf kfv dbje dhbDkf Kfjsh.
2- sJqft jsv kfv njt jKf wahB jvsh ˆhQ kfv njt zfslw iftb jvsh.
3- kfv ys[ nlfƒ nclwGbf rsq Kfjsh. skfmfv sjfb zÌ W jfu spb kfv ys[
ziaDdkjv bf rq.
4- kfv bfsjv jfsYW spb kcdm OxBA bf rW. hvQ nlf sn spb skfmfv dbje rsk
snZvH-ncOafB oarB jvsk ifsv. (bsy{, spb sjfb iajfsvv lcoGá bf ifq.)
5- kfv dblaf W zfvfsmv jKf nlf sJqft vfJsh. jfvB, dblaf HfÌfv Ist dhvdÙÁ W
vfo nxdó rq.
6- kfv zfrfsvv jKfW nhGlf msb vfJsh. pKfnmsq Jfhfv ia²Âk vfJsh.
7- kfv Lb-n©islv drIfpk jvsh, sJqfbk jsvf bf. ziyq W zihAq jsvf bf
ˆhQ öfmDsj kf jvsk hfLA jsvf bf.
8- kfv idvusbv pKfKG snhf jvsh. wk nkjGkfv nfsK njstv nfsK näAhrfv
jvsh.
9- Jhvlfv! kfv sjfb jKfv zhfLA rsqf bf. bsy{ kfv r™lq sKsj skfmfv
Hfstfhfnf lCv rsk Kfjsh.
10- kfv sjfb sofib vrnA W sHl jfsvf dbje iajfw jsvf bf, bsy{ kcdm kfv
dbje dhÇhfnOfdkbD rsq pfsh.
zfv nfhLfb! öfmD pdl sjfb dhNsq dyd§Àk hf swfjfrk Kfsj, ksh kfv nfmsb
sjfb i»jfv zfb¦l iajfw jsvf bf. zfv pdl zfbd¦lk W iaIcï Kfsj, ksh kfv
nfmsb skfmfv sjfb swfsjv jKf iajfw jsvf bf. (dInc 2/209)
zflwG mfsqv zflwG …islwƒ hse! mfbsk ifvst ncsJv lf©ikAƒ tfH rq
snZHfoAhfb l©idkv.
zk}iv sheDufmfsqv …sÜswA ˆƒ lczf iEbDq}-
.‫ﺎﺋ ِﻬ َﻤﺎ‬
ِ ‫ﻲ ِﺑ َﻨ‬
ْ ‫ك َﻟ ُﻬ َﻤﺎ ِﻓ‬
ْ ‫ﺎر‬
ِ ‫ك ِﻓ ْﻴ ِﻬ َﻤﺎ َو َﺑ‬
ْ ‫ﺎر‬
ِ ‫َا ّﻟﻠ ُﻬ ﱠﻢ َﺑ‬
…¤yfvB}- zfïf-ù©mf hf-dvj IDdrmf, zhf-dvj tfùmf ID dhbf-ƒdrmf.
zKGf{, sr zfïfr! Wslv lc'usbv ubA hjGk lfb jv ˆhQ Wslv hfnsv mÌt lfb
jv. (kfh}, zfdp} 174ix})
hLChvB
bhhLC ˆt w¶wcv hfdVsk. hfdVsk isVsY SrSy. ˆvƒ I]fsj w¶fwcVD hvBFftfq
dn¦lcv, Lfb, ifb, dydb, lchGfOfn iaHxdk dbsq lvufq rfduv. ufmfƒ (b¦lfƒ) bhhLCsj
sjfst kcst dbsq ˆt. ƒdkmsLA hfdVv iashwisK bkcb wfdV dhYfsbf rsqsY. bhhLC
zftkfvfMf ifsq kfv …iv sr]se hfdVsk wcHfomb jvt. wfwcVDsj slsJƒ hf
dybsk sisvƒ hLC U]csj kfv ifsq rfk sEdjsq nftfm (?) ufbft. wfwcVD …iv …iv
htt, `zfïfrsj nftfm jv mf. ncJD rW!' kfviv dn]dKsk dn¦lcv W mcsJ dydb dlsq,
Lfb-Ofn ˆdlj Wdlj YdVsq, hLCv ofsq nsn´sr rfk svsJ hfdVsk kctt. ˆ wcH[sB
mcsJ dydb dlst bfdj hLC nQnfsv dydbv mk mLcv rsq Kfsj; spmb nhuDv hDu
svfisbv nmq mcsJ ocV svsJ svfib jvst nhuD hf It bfdj dmdó rq!
rqskf zsbsjv dhÇhfn rsh bf sp, mcndtm idvshswW ˆmb rsq Kfsj! jfvB
ˆÈstf dbYj dhufkDq zfyfv.
zk}iv wvhk-ifdbv LcmLfm. dj§Â iaKm dlb w¶wcvhfdVsk sJsk sbƒ (?) sjfb
zfk¹Dqv hfdVsk sJsk rq! kfƒ Jfhfv nmq JfslAv nfsK stfrf hf j]fyf tËf svsJ
(?) zbA hfdV rsk dbsq zfnf rq?
sjfb sjfb ˆtfjfq öfmD-²ÃDsj ˆj ifsÛ zfk¹Dq-öub njstv nfmsb [Dv-
mfdtlf JfWqfsbfv zbcôfbW ifdtk rq!
ˆv iCshG hf isv wcv¢ rq `hLClwGb' hf `mcJ slJf'v Lcm. …irfv-nfmoaD nr sYst-
smsq, hác-hfáh njstƒ ˆj ˆj jsv h… slsJ, lczf slq. hácvf jsv jk vjm
vnftfi, EfÕf W sbfQvf iasw´fÙv. slWv ˆst HfhDv nfsK vnftfi jvsk ncspfo dlsq
hV Hfƒ (hv) nsv pfq! rfqsv icv¢N skfmfv äDb, „NGf W siZv¢N sjfKfq?
dhhfsrv iaKm sKsj swN ipG§À dHdFW jAfsmvf äfvf zKhf IsefoafID äfvf n¹fvj
Ydh kcst vfJfq lcƒ ifi; Ydh skftfv ifi ˆhQ dhdHâ mdrtfslvsj slJf W
slJfsbfv ifi.
ƒntfmD iaKfq ˆƒ (hfnsvv) dlb hf vfsÛ dhhfsrv i»yfv dhsLq. `lcIX' (zfef-yftf
yftcsbv mk slJsk TiXTsi zfWqfudhdwó ˆj iajfv sTftj) hfdusq sYfe sYfe
hfdtjf smsqvf w½DtkfiCBG oDk ofƒsh. dj§Â zbA hflAp§Ã äfvf zKhf zw½Dt, siam-
jfdrbDmCtj, znfv, zKGrDb oDk hf ofb ofWqf W swfbf rfvfm. ˆƒ dlsb ƒntfmD
out sosq zfb¦l jvfƒ dhdLn©mk; ksh kfskW spb dwjG W dhlXzfskv oá bf
Kfsj. ˆƒ JcwDsk svjsFGv ofb, mfƒsjv ofb, dHdFW ialwGb iaHxdk ƒntfsm
jsEfvHfsh dbdNÝ. (zfdp} 179-180ix})
zfkw hf IejfhfuDW ShL bq. jfvB, zfocb dbsq sJtf zShL, ˆsk dhislv
zfwËf zsbj, kfYfVf ˆsk zihAq rq zKy …ijfv djYc rq bf. …s¬e stfjsj
HDk-n§Ã²À W dhvÙÁ jsv skfst. nckvfQ mcndtm ùdwqfv!
…ïfsn bfyst sjfb hfdtjf hf mdrtf bfysk ifsv; ksh kf spb sjht mdrtfv
lxdósk dhbf OcMcsv icv¢N-y[cv z§Àvfst rq ˆhQ zw½Dt bfy bf rq. (Imfmc} 2/651)
zhwA ˆjfu snƒ smsqvfƒ ifsv pfslv zfk¹mpGflf, of©HDpG W wftDbkfv zHfh
zfsY. …tc…tc slWqfW dhufkDq zfyvB. mcndtmslv ubA sn rNGL¶db ShL bq. (‰
2/650)
wcH hfnv
wcH hfnv vubD. uDhsbv mLcvkm vfdÛ. svfmfÑjv ictjmq pfdmbD. bh
l©idkv, bh lcƒ siadmj-siadmjfv iaKm nf[f{ W iaKm dmtsbv wcH ndá[B.
ˆƒ hfnv-j[de rsh msbfvm, snZvHmq, ncndÏk W zfstfjmdàk. (zhwA
ˆsk zihAq jvf …dyk bq.) js[v ˆjifsw¶G Kfjsh djYc ItI¼ce, lcL zKhf dmófâ
W ifdb.
hv Wpc jsv hfnsv bh nfKDv zsi[f jvsh. bhhLCsj Wpc jdvsq ncndÏkf W
ncvdHkf jsv HfhDvf ˆhQ zbAfbA mdrtfvfW ˆƒ lczf htsh,
.‫ﺎﺋ ٍﺮ‬
ِ‫ﻃ‬ َ ‫ﺧ ْﻴ ٍﺮ‬
َ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
َ ‫ﺨ ْﻴ ِﺮ َو ْاﻟ َﺒ َﺮ َآ ِﺔ َو‬
َ ‫ﻋ َﻠﻰ ْاﻟ‬
َ
…¤yfvB}- zftft Jfƒdv zthfvfjfr, zzftf Jfƒdvb k¶f-ƒv.
zKGf{, mÌt W hjGskv …iv ˆhQ snZHfsoAv ndrk (skfmfv bhuDhsbv nCybf
srfj). (hc}, mc}, zfdp} 174 ix})
zk}iv kfsj hfnv Osv sYsV zfnsh. iChG rskƒ öfmD hfnsv Kfjst ²ÃD nwaÝ
nftfm jsv js[ iashw jvsh. öfmD nsn´sr …Ùv slsh ˆhQ …sE mcnfIfrf jsv
wpAfq hnfsh. jcwtfdl duÎfnfhfslv iv öfmD-²ÃD dmst 2 vfjzfk bfmfp iVsh.
ksh ²ÃD l]fVfsh öfmDv iÇyfsk. mcndtm l©idkv bhuDhsbv wcHfv©H rsh zfïfrv
ƒhflk W zfbcoskAv mfLAsm. öfmDv iÇyfsk l]fdVsq ²ÃDv bfmfp iVfsk kfv (ShL
dhNsq) zfbcokA jvfv iadk ƒdÌk vsqsY. nckvfQ iaKmk} zfïfrv ƒhflk W
däkDqk} öfmDv zfbcokA W dJlmk rt bfvDv LmG.
zk}iv öfmD lczf jvsh,
،ٍ‫ﺖ ِﺑﺨَ ْﻴﺮ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﹶﻟﻠﹼﻬُﻢﱠ ﺑَﺎﺭِﻙْ ﻟِﻲْ ِﻓ ْﻲ ﺃﹶ ْﻫ ِﻠﻲْ ﻭََﺑ‬
َ ْ‫ ﺍﹶﻟﻠﹼﻬُ ﱠﻢ ﺍﺟْﻤَﻊْ ﺑَ ْﻴﻨََﻨﺎ َﻣﺎﺟَﻤَﻌ‬،‫ﺎﺭ ْﻙ ﻟﹶ ُﻬ ْﻢ ِﻓﻲﱠ‬
.ٍ‫ﻭَﻓﹶﺮﱢﻕْ ﺑَﻴْﻨَﻨﺎﹶ ﺇِﺫﹶﺍ ﻓﹶﺮﱠﻗﹾﺖَ ﺇِﱃ ﺧَﻴْﺮ‬
…¤yfvB}- zfïf-ù©mf hf-dvjtD ID zfrXtD, zhf-dvj tfùm dIƒqAf, zfïf-
ù©mfumf' hfƒbfbf mf ufmf'kf dhJfƒv, zIfdvGj¶ hfƒbfbf ƒpf Ifvvfj¶Xkf ƒtf
Jfƒv.
zKGf{-sr zfïfr! zfmfsj zfmfv idvhfsv hjGk W iafycpG lfb jv ˆhQ Wslv
ubAW zfmfv mfsU hjGk W mÌt lfb jv. sr zfïfr! pkdlb zfmfslvsj ˆjdÛk
vfJsh kkdlb mÌstv …iv zfmfslvsj zdhdYâ svsJf ˆhQ dhdYâ jvst mÌstv
ubAƒ zfmfslvsj dhdYâ jsvf. (ƒzfwf}, zfvf}, kfh}, iaHxdk ,zfdp} 94-96ix})
zk}iv …sE wpAfq hsn öfmD ²ÃDv ttfse rfk svsJ `dhndmïfr' hst ˆƒ lczf ifE
jvsh;
،ِ‫ﺍﹶﻟﻠﹼﻬُﻢﱠ ﺇِﻧﱢﻰْ ﺃﹶﺳْﺄﹶﻟﹸﻚَ ﻣِﻦْ ﺧَﻴْﺮِﻫَﺎ ﻭَﺧَﻴْﺮِ ﻣَﺎ ﺟَﺒَﻠﹾﺘَﻬَﺎ ﻋَﻠﹶﻴْﻪ‬
.ِ‫ﻭَﺃﹶﻋُﻮْﺫﹸ ﺑِﻚَ ﻣِﻦْ ﺷَﺮﱢﻫَﺎ ﻭَ ﺷَﺮﱢ ﻣَﺎ ﺟَﺒَﻠﹾﺘَﻬَﺎ ﻋَﻠﹶﻴْﻪ‬
…¤yfvB}- zfïf-ù©mf ƒâD zfnXzftcjf dmb Jfƒdvrf zJfƒdv mf ufhftkfrf
zftfƒdr, zzf†pc dhjf dmb wfdvGrf zwfdvG mf ufhftkfrf zftfƒr.
zKGf{, sr zfïfr! zfdm skfmfv dbje ˆv mÌt ˆhQ ˆv msLA skfmfv nxó iajxdkv
mÌt iafKGbf jvdY. zfv skfmfv dbje ˆv zmÌt ˆhQ ˆv mfsU skfmfv nxó
iajxdkv zmÌt rsk zfwaq iafKGbf jvdY. (zflf}, ƒmf}, rf}, hf}, iaHxdk, zfdp} 92-93ix})
zk}iv nsiasm sjfst sesb dbsq ˆjef ycìb dlsq öfmD ²ÃDsj htsh, `zfmfsj
sisq JcwD rsqY skf diasq?' ²ÃD tÏf W Hq jfdesq htsh, `zftrfmlc dtïfr, Jch
JcwD rsqdY. zfidb JcwD skf?' öfmD htsh, `zftrfmlc dtïfr, wk JcwD.'
kfviv lcL, It hf dmdó dbsq ˆsj zivsj Jfƒsq slsh. ˆƒ Hfsh bhhLCv mb
sKsj Hq W tÏf LDsv LDsv lCvDHCk rsh. …sädtk rsh siasmv kvÌmftf.
iajfw sp, ˆjusbv ifsÛ rfk svsJ zivusbv JfWqf jciaKf.
ˆƒ nmq wcLc spZb dy§Àfƒ bq hvQ HfhD uDhsbv hù idvj¬ibfv jKfW …Hsq
zfstfybf jvsh. ˆsj zivsj dhswN …islw W ivfmwG slsh.
zfhc lfvlf kf]v ²ÃDsj …islw dlsq hstdYstb, `pJb zfmfsj slJsh sp, zfdm
svso sodY, kJb kcdm zfmfv vfo dmefhfv syóf jvsh. zfv skfmfsj svso spsk
slJst zfdmW skfmfv vfo dmefh.' (dInc} 2/208)
zfhct zfnWqfl k]fv ²ÃDsj hstdYstb, `diasq zfdm Hct jsv sItst zfmfv jfsY
hltf sbhfv syóf bf jsv zfmfsj [mf jsv dlW. zfv zfdm sÛÁfLfd¦hk rsq jKf
htst kcdm zfmfv mcsJv …iv mcJ dlW bf. ˆsk zfmfslv Hfstfhfnf dyv²¿fqD W mLcv
rsh.'
ˆj ²ÃD hstdYt, `diaq! smsqslv mb Ecbsjf j]fsyv ifÛ. nfmfbA (jKfv) zfOfsk
kfƒ sHsM pfq. kfƒ rqskf öfmDv …isvW mcJ yftfq. kfƒ ˆjec mfdbsq ytshb.'
öfmD htt, `kf dEj, kfƒ j]fsyv ecjvf öfmDv mpGflfq dh]sL jó slq. kfYfVf
smsqslv mb j]fsyv rstW mcJJfbf dj§Àc ifjf ƒ±ifskv. kfƒ nh sHsM sostW mcJ
z[k zh²¿fq nshso ytmfb Kfsj. zKy mcJJfbf j]fsyv W mbJfbf stfrfv rst
zfocsb dO isV bf. lf©ikAW rq mLcv.'
ªdhhfsrv vsM vfMf zfu nh; vfMf mb, vfMf zfHvB,
ht bfvD `ˆƒ vÙÁ zfstfsj zfu mm bh ufovB.'
ifsi bq idkicsBA ncmdk
Kfsj spb rsqf idkv nfvdK
idk pdl rq zá sr nkD!
sh]sLfbf bqsb zfhvB;
zá idksv zf]dJ slq spb skfmfv nkA zfyvB.«
nkjGkfv dhNq sp, ˆƒ vfsÛ hf zbA sjfb nmsqW iv±isvv iCshGjfv ƒdkrfn
ufbsk bf yfWqfƒ …Hsqv ubA …Ùm. bsy{ mLcvfdÛ dhNvfdÛsk idvBk rsh.
…sïJA sp, hfnsv hv-jsbv jsKfijKsb jfbfdy ifkf rfvfm. jfbfdy sisk sofib
jKf sp swfsb, djqfmsk kfv jfsb odtk nDnf Tftf rsh. (hc} 7042bQ)
bh-l©idkv siasmv sufqfv i½fdhk jv¢j kfslv uDhb W spZhsbv …Hq jctsj;
ˆsk zisvv jfu dj?
`hfdk zfsb vfdk zfbfv iaDdk,
hLCv hcsj sofib ncsJv HDdk.
dhub Osv ˆJb sp ofq oDdk..
ˆjtf Kfjfv ofbJfdb sn of'sh
…lfn idKj Hfsh.'
dj§Â dmtb-diifnfkG öfmD dj SLpG vfJsk yfƒsh? mb kfv ofƒsh }-
òc÷b sJft ˆƒ dbusGb zfsIfef siasmv ocÓ,
ˆsbdY ivfsk ztsj skfmfv zfstf j'sv r™dljcÓ.
vkµ iahfr zfdbqf öisb,
nd]ih skfmfsv ldJbf ihsb-
mb Ifocsbv Ifo smsJ nƒ bfdysh jfmbficÓ.'
mLc-dmtb
r™lsqv zflfb-ialfsbv ˆƒ i»Km nf[fsk spZb-dmtb jvsk syóf bf jvfƒ öfmDv
…dyk. zhwA ²ÃD vfuD W ia²Âk Kfjst sn jKf dHâ. ²ÃDv jkGhA öfmDv ƒdÌsk nfVf
slWqf. ˆmb dj sofnstv ifdb bf KfjstW ²ÃDv `bf' jvfv zdLjfv sbƒ. (zfdb
96ix}) spsrkc öfmD pJb kfv ²ÃDsj dhYfbfv dlsj Ffsj kJb ²ÃD spsk zöDjfv
jvst ˆhQ öfmD vfofd¦hk zh²¿fq vfdÛ jfefst iaHfkjft ipG§À dIdvñfhoG ²ÃDv
…iv zdHwfi jsv Kfsjb. (hc}, mc}, zflf}, zf}, nuf} 532bQ)
²ÃD vfâfwfst vfâfv jfsu hA²À KfjstW öfmDv Ffsj …id²¿k rWqf Wqfsuh. (bf},
kf}, dm} 3257bQ, nuf} 534bQ)
ˆƒ dmtsb vsqsY nljfv nm-idvmfB nWqfh. (mc}, bf}) ˆjefbf bIt ƒhflk kAfo
jsvW ²ÃD dmtb jvf ƒntfsmv dhLfb. (hc} mc}, dm}145bQ) ˆƒ ubAƒ öfmD …id²¿k
Kfjst kfv zbcmdk YfVf ²ÃD bIt svfpf vfJsk ifsv bf. (dm} 3269bQ)
nckvfQ zbAfbA hA²Àkf kAfo jsv nÌsmv mfLAsm …Hsqv msb mrfwfd§À zfbqb
ˆjf§À jkGhA.
dmtsb sjht öfmDv dbsuv spZbkxòf dbhfvBƒ spb …sÜwA bf rq. sjht dbsuv
…sÙubf W jfmfdo´ dbhGfdik jvsk ˆhQ ²ÃDv mfbdnj, wfvDdvj, iaHxdk zh²¿f
sJqft bf jsv zKhf kfsj …sÙdukf bf jsv zKhf kfv hDpG±Jtb hf iCBGkxdåv
jKf bf sHsh sjht dbsuv hDpGifk W kxdåsjƒ i»fLfbA dlsq dmtb mLc-dmtb bq.
…Hsqv iCBG kxdåƒ rt iajxk mLcv dmtb. nckvfQ nÌsmv iCshG dhdHâ wxÌfv;
zfdtÌb, ycìb, lQwb, mlGb iaHxdkv HCdmjf uv¢vD. bsy{ ²ÃD ˆƒ öfl sKsj hdÑk
rst kfv dbje siasmv sjfb öflƒ Kfjsh bf. idk sisqW …iidkv dy§Àfq dlbifk
jvsh. zkˆh nsykb pchj spb ˆsk Hct bf jsv hsn. bsy{ dhsqv zfnt …sÜwA
(hAdHyfv …{Jfk) dhIt rsq pfsh. (…n} 50-51ix})
i»jfw sp, wxÌfsvv nmq ²ÃDv ²Àbhx§À lQwb W syfNb sjfb slfsNv bq. (I…} 2/757)
dmtsbv ubA sjfb dbdlGó dlb-[B hf nmq sbƒ. mfbdnj W wfvDdvj nc²¿kf ˆhQ
msbv yfdrlf Kfjst kf jvf pfq. zhwA zdLj sbwfq öf²¿A rfvfsbf …dyk bq.
öf²¿Av[fv ubA dhbf ±iwG W spZb dy§Àfq pJb spZbfÌ ±IDk rsq …sE dEj snƒ
nmsqƒ jvf …dyk. ksh msb vfJfv jKf sp, ˆj zisvv spZb[cLf dmefsk znmKG
rst ˆhQ spZbhfufsv ˆjub ovm W zivub Efàf rst nQnfsv jtr sbsm zfsn.
spmb nÌsmv dbdlGó sjfb iÝdkW ƒntfsm hdBGk rq db. ˆƒ nmq jvst n§Àfb
dbshGfL rq, ‰Hfsh jvst n§Àfb zá, hdLv hf dhjtfÌ rq ƒkAfdl jKfv öDjxdk
ƒntfsm sbƒ. zfïfr ifj hstb, ªskfmfslv ²ÃD skfmfslv wnAs[Û öv™i. NckvfQ
skfmvf skfmfslv wNAs[sÛ spHfsh ƒ¤Yf omb jvsk ifv. (jc} 2/223) zkˆh nm²À
vjsmv zfnb ShL. nm²À ShL nmsq nÌm ShL. zmfhwAf-iCdBGmf iaHxdk sjfb
wcHfwcH dlb hf vfk bq. ˆsk n§Àfsbv sjfbW [dk rq bf. (hc}, mc}, zfdp} 99-100ix})
²ÃDv mfdnj rst nÌm rfvfm. jfvB, ˆƒ n»fh zwcdy. idhÛ bf rWqf ipG§À ²ÃDv
dbje nÌsmv ubA pfWqf dbdNÝ. (jc} 2/222)
mfdnjfh²¿fq nÌm jvf ˆj i»jfv jcIvD. (zflf}, dk}, ƒmf}, bf}, zfdp}120-121)
nrhfn jsv sItst ˆj lDbfv (nWqf yfv oafm idvmfB snfbf zKhf kfv mCtA, bf
ifvst ˆv zLG idvmfB zKG) nljfr jsv jfIXIfvf dlsk rsh. (zflf}, dk}, bf}, ƒmf} iaHxdk, zfdp 122ix})
ˆ YfVf ˆƒ zh²¿fq nÌsm öfmD-²ÃDv …Hsqv is[ öf²¿Aok dhswN [dkW vsqsY
zsbj. (kczf} 139 ix})
zhwA mfdnjfh²¿fq nÌm YfVf zbAfbAHfsh spZbfyfv ShL. (mc}, zflf}, iaHxdk, zfdp}
121-122ix}) spmb, ˆƒ nmq hf zbAfbA nmq ²ÃDv †v¢SmKcb ShL. ˆsk hDpGifk
rstW slfN sbƒ. (zfdb} 1/90)
ksh ²ÃDv ifqcisK (mtäfsv) nÌm rfvfm. sp hAdÙÁ ˆmb jfu jsv sn zdHwå.
(zflf}, zf}) ˆmb hAdÙÁv dlsj zfïfr djqfmskv dlb kfdjsqW slJshb bf. (bf}, dk})
ˆmb jfuW ˆj iajfv jcIvD. (zflf}, dk}, ƒmf}, zfdp} 101-104ix}) nckvfQ ˆƒ
nÌsm ²ÃDv n©mk bf rWqf Ivp.
…sïJA sp, sbIfsnv zh²¿fskW nÌm rfvfm. oHGfh²¿fq pdl ë™sBv sjfb i»jfv
[dkv zfwËf bf Kfsj kfrst Jchƒ nkjGkfv nfsK ShL. (Im} 103ix})
dbuGb js[ sjfb ilGfv dHksvƒ dmtb jvf tÏfwDtkfv idvyq. zhwA öfmD-²ÃD
…Hsqƒ …Hsqv nhGfÌ bo´fh²¿fq slJsk ifsv. (I…} 2/766) ˆsk öf²¿Aok sjfb
[dkW sbƒ. `öfmD-²ÃDv ˆsj zsbAv tÏf²¿fb slJsk sbƒ, hf rpvk zfsqwf (vf})
jJbW öfmDv ocåfÌ slsJbdb, …tÌ rsq ofLfv mk nrhfn jsvf bf, hf …tÌ rsq
nrhfn jvst n§Àfb zá rq. nÌsmv nmq jKf htst n§Àfb skf{tf hf shfhf rq'
ƒkAfdl hst sp nh rflDn hBGbf jvf rq, kfv ˆjdeW nrDr W wcÝ bq. (slJcb, kczf}
118-119ix})
i[f§Àsv zfïfr hstb, ªWvf (²ÃDvf) skfmfslv sthfn ˆhQ skfmvf kfslv
sthfn.« (jc} 2/187)
Ocm§À rstW dbu n§Àfb hf zbA sj… js[ Kfjst nÌm jvf …dyk bq. ksh dwwc
ˆjf§À zshfL rst dHâ jKf.
iajfw sp, smsqslv spZb-dmtb bf jvfv nfLfvB SLpG-nDmf yfv mfn. kfƒ ipGfå
jfvB YfVf ˆhQ …Hsqv n©mk ycdÙÁ hAkDk ˆv zdLj nmq dhvsr jfefsbf ShL
bq. (Im} 77ix})
nÌsmv iCshG dbs©bv lczf ifE jkGhA;
.‫ﺎﻥ ﻣَﺎ ﺭَﺯَ ﹾﻗَﺘﻨَﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻥ َﻭ َﺟﱢﻨﺐِ ﺍﻟﺸﱠﻴْ ﹶﻄ ﹶ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸ ْﻴﻄﹶ ﹶ‬
‫ ﺍﹶ ﱠﻟﻠﻬُﻢﱠ ﺟَﱢﻨ ْﺒﻨَﺎ ﱠ‬،‫ﺍﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﺴ ِﻢ‬
ْ ‫ِﺑ‬
…¤yfvB}- dhndmïf-r, zfïf-ù©mf ufdâhbfw wfƒk¶f-bf zufdâdhw wfƒk¶f-bf mf
vfpfj¶kfbf.
zKGf{, zfdm zfïfrv bfm dbsq wcv¢ jvdY. sr zfïfr! zfmfslv dbje sKsj
wqkfbsj lCsv vfJ ˆhQ zfmfslvsj sp n§Àfb lfb jvsh kfv dbje sKsjW
wqkfbsj lCsv vfJ.
ˆƒ lczf ifE jsv nrhfn jvst …ÙÁ nrhfsnv Ist nxdó n§Àfsbv sjfb [dk
wqkfb jvsk ifsv bf. (hc}, zflf}, dk}, zfdp} 98ix}) iajfw sp, wqkfbW mfbcsNv n§Àfb-
n§Àdksk zQwoarB jsv Kfsj; pdl nÌsmv iCshG zfïfrv bfm bf sbWqf rq kfrst.
(jc} 17/64, kƒjf} 3/54)
nÌm hf hDpGifskv iv sofnt (mfKf wcÝ nhGwvDv sLfqf) Ivp. ksh bo´fh²¿fq
öfmD-²ÃD zfdtÌbfdl jvst, hDpGifk bf rst ˆhQ mpD (hDspGv iCshG dboGk zfEft
kvt ilfKG) shv rstW sofnt Ivp bq. tÏf²¿fb Lcsq Wpc psKó.
dtÌfoa spfbD-mcsJ iashw jvfst hDpGifk bf rstW …Hsqv …iv sofnt Ivp.
zbcv™i dtÌfoa spfbDisK iashw bf jdvsqW sp sjfb iajfsv hDpGifk jvst sofnt
Ivp. (mh} 22/89)
²ÃDv †v¢-SmKcb jsv hDpGifk jvst öfmD sofnt jvsh. ²ÃD (hDpGifk bf rst)
sofnt jvsh bf. †v¢ Lcsq Wpc psKó. (zfdb} 1/90ix})
ˆjfdLj hfv nÌm zKhf sofnt Ivspv ˆjfdLj jfvB rstW swsN ˆjhfv
sofntƒ psKó. (‰ 1/125ix})
öfmD-nÌm jvfv iv-ivƒ ²ÃDv mfdnj wcv¢ rsq sost ˆsjhfsv mfdnj há rWqfv
iv sofnt jvsk ifsv. (‰ 1/124) zKGf{ mfdnjfh²¿fq iChG-nÌsmv ubA sofnt
uv¢vD bq.
iaKsm öfmD sofnt jsv ²ÃDv sofnt jvfv iCshG wDsk kfv slsrv …Ùfi sbWqf
sjfb slfsNv bq. (zfdp} 105 ix})
ˆjƒ vfsÛ hf dlsb ˆjfdLjhfv nrhfn jvsk yfƒst lcƒ nrhfsnv mfsU Wpc jsv
sbWqf …dyk. zhwA sofnt jvst zfsvf …Ùm. ˆsk icbdmGtsb zdLjkv kxdå
tfH rq. (mc}, ƒzfwf}, zf}, zflf}, bf}, kfh}, zfdp} 108ix})
dblafv iCshG nÌm jsv Iusvv iCshG sofnt jvsk yfƒst tÏf²¿fb Lcsq Wpc zKhf
kfqf©mcm jsv wqb jvf …Ùm. (zfdp} 113,117-118 ix})
zhwA nshGfÙm rstf Ocmfhfv iCshGƒ sofnt jsv sbWqf. (‰118ix}) jfvB, lDOG[B
bfifsj bf Kfjfƒ swaq. ksh sofnt bf jsv spb sjfb bfmfp bó bf rq. spsrkc
pKfnmsq bfmfp zflfq jvf Ivp.
svfpfv dlsb ²ÃDycìb W wxÌfvfyfsv hDpGifk bf rst svfpf bó rq bf. (I…} 1/505)
pdlW siamsjdtsk mpD ±Jtb rq khcW sjfb [dk sbƒ. (mh} 14/104) ²ÃDv
r²ÀSmKcsb hf njfsm hDpGifk jvst svfpf bó rq. (I…} 1/507) öfmD-²ÃD sjfb iajfv
Hcst svfpfv dlsb nÌsm dtå rsq iVst msb iVf mfÛ ixKj rsq pfsh. ˆv ubA
jfpf jfIXIfvf sbƒ. (mh} 14/113)
ƒ¤Yfjxk nÌm jvst svfpf jfpf ˆhQ jfIXIfvf Wqfsuh; ˆjde ÛÁDklfn öfLDb
jvsh, bf ifvst (pKfKG Wuv YfVf) dbvhd¤YâHfsh lcƒ mfn ˆjefbf svfpf iftb
jvsh, kf bf ifvst Nfeub ovDhsj (mfKfdiYc 1djstf 250 oafm jsv) JflA (yft)
lfb jvsk rsh. (hc}, mc}, zflf}, dk}, bf}, ƒmf}, dInc} 1/413-414)
zhwA ²ÃD n©mk bf rst sufviChGj nrhfn jvst ²ÃDv svfpf bó rq bf. (I…} 1/542)
ƒ'dkjfI zh²¿fq nÌm ShL bq. (jc} 2/187)
rÏ jvsk dosq ƒrvfm zh²¿fq nÌm jvst rÏ hfdkt rsq pfsh. rsÏv nm²À
jfu iCBG jvsk rsh, mÄfq zdkdvÙÁ ˆjde …]e dIlqfr dlsk rsh ˆhQ bIt rstW
‰ rÏ zfofmDsk jfpf jvsk rsh. (Iƒ} 2/232)
dmtsbv ocå vrnA hác-nJD hf zfv jfsvf dbje iajfw jvf rfvfm. ²ÃD-nÌsmv jKf
sp zisvv dbje Jcst hst sn hAdÙÁ djqfmsk zfïfrv dbje nhsysq dbjxó ipGfsqv
stfsjslv ltHcÙÁ rsh. (ƒzfwf}, mc}, zf}, iaHxdk zfdp} 142 ix})
ˆmb hAdÙÁ skf snƒ wqkfsbv mk, sp sjfb bfvD-wqkfbsj vf²Àfq sisq nÌm
jvsk tfso, zfv stfsjvf kfv dlsj sysq sysq slsJ.(zf},ƒzfwf},zflf},hf},iaHxdk zfdp} 143-144 ix})
…sïJA sp, dhhfr-hásbv iv nfvfv iCshG öfmD-²ÃDv slJf-nf[f{ W dmtb ShL. (mh}
22/206)
iajfw Kfsj sp, hfnv vfdÛv swN iaHfsk lcL ƒkAfdl dlsq hfnv Efàf jvfv zfyfv
ƒntfmD bq.
hsvv ubA hfnv-njfst …sE hfdVsk …id²¿k zfk¹Dq-öubsj nftfm slWqf ˆhQ
kfslv ubA lczf jvf mc²Àfrfh. zfk¹Dq-öusbvW mc²Àfrfh, kfv ubA zbcv™i nftfm-
lczf jvf. zfïfrv vnCt  ˆmbde jsvsYb. (bf}, zfdp} 138-139 ix})
ztDmfrX
ztDmfr hf h…sHfu jvf Wqfsuh. (zf}, kfh}, kf}, iaHxdk ,zfdp} 144ix}) pdlW hf
ˆjde mfÛ Yfot pshr jvf rq. (hc}, mc}, iaHxdk, zfdp} 149 ix})
ˆƒ sHfu zbcôfb dkb dlb ipG§À jvf yst. (zfhc ƒqf'tf iaHxdk, zfdp} 146 ix})
ˆƒ sHfsuv zdLj rjlfv äDblfv ivsrpofv mcndtmvf. diaq  hstb, ªmcdmb
YfVf jfsvf nÌD rsqf bf ˆhQ ivsrpofv hAdÙÁ YfVf skfmfv JflA spb zbA sjW bf
sJsk ifq.« (zflf}, dk}, rf}, zf}, zfdp}164 ix})
ztDmfv ubA mfQn rWqf uv¢vD bq. sp sjfb JflA äfvf ˆƒ dmtsbf{nh iftb
jvf pfq. (zfdp} 151 ix})
ovDh mfbcNslv ztDmf-sHfsu zKG hf JflAfdl dlsq zQw oarB jvf LbD mfbcNslv
ubA mc²Àfrfh. (hc}, mc} ƒkAfdl, zfdp} 152 ix})
ˆƒ sHfsu shsY shsY LbDslvsj dbm§ÃB jvf ˆhQ ovDh mfbcNslv (pfvf zivsj
JfWqfsk ifsv bf kfslv)sj hfl slWqf rst ˆv JflA dbjxókm JfslA idvodBk
rq. (mc}, hf}, iaHxdk, zfdp} 153ix})
ztDmfv ubA zfmd§Ãk rst …id²¿k rWqf Wqfsuh. sp hAdÙÁ dhbf Wusv ˆmb
sHfsu …id²¿k rq bf, sn hAdÙÁ zfïfr W kf]v vnCstv zhfLA. (hc}, mc}, zf}, hf}, iaHxdk,
zfdp} 154ix}) ˆmb dj svfpf svsJ KfjstW …id²¿k rsq kfslv ubA lczf jvsk
rsh. (mc}, bf}, zf}, hf}, iaHxdk, zfdp} 155ix}) svfpf bIt rst ˆhQ dbm§ÃBjfvD sJsk
sufv jvst svfpf sHsÌW sJsk ifsv. (mc}, zf}, iaHxdk, zfdp} 155ix}) zfv ˆƒ HfÌf
svfpf jfpf jvsk rsh bf. (zfdp} 159ix})
dj§Â sp ztDmf zbcôfsb zw½Dt hf zShL jmGjDdkG (ofb-hfubf, dHdFW, ml
iaHxdk) yst sn ztDmfq …id²¿k rsq pdl …islswv mfLAsm kf há jvsk ifsv
ksh ‰ sHfu JfWqf ShL. bsy{ bf sJsq dIsv pfWqf Wqfsuh. ˆ hAfifsv hù rflDn
vsqsY. kfv lc-ˆjde dbm´v™i}-
diaq bhD  hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ zfïfr W ivjfst dhÇhfn vfsJ sn spb jJbƒ snƒ
sHfu-mudtsn bf hsn pfsk mlA idvshdwk rq.« (zf}, dk}, rf}, zfdp} 163-164 ix})
ˆjlf rpvk zftD (vf}) bhD  sj dbm§ÃB jvst dkdb k]fv oxsr Ydh slsJ dIsv
sostb. zftD  htstb, `dj jfvsB dIsv ˆstb, sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfmfv mf-hfi
zfibfv ubA …{noG srfj.' dkdb …Ùsv htstb, ªoxsrv ˆj ilGfq (iafBDv) Ydh
vsqsY. zfv dIdvñfhoG sn oxsr iashw jsvb bf sp oxsr Ydh Kfsj.« (ƒmf} iaHxdk zfdp} 161ix})
ƒhsb mfn†l  sj ˆj hAdÙÁ lfWqfk dlt. dkdb stfjdesj sFsj duÎfnf
jvstb, Òsv mCdkG (hf efÌfsbf Isef) zfsY bfdj?' stfjde htt, `r]Af zfsY.'
zk}iv snƒ mCdkG (hf Isef) bó bf jvf ipG§À dkdb iashw jvstb bf. lCv jvf
rst kshƒ iashw jvstb. (hf}, zfdp} 165 ix})
ƒmfm zfWpf„ hstb, `sp ztDmfq sTft-khtf W hflAp§Ã Kfsj sn ztDmfq
zfmvf rfduv rƒ bf.' (zfdp} 165-166ix})
duÎfnA sp, iB sbWqf pdl OcN W rfvfm mft sbWqf rq kfrst snƒ mft sKsj
jxk ztDmf-sHfu JfWqf ShL dj? zhwA pfv mft rfvfm W rftfst nQdmdw»k kfv
dbm§ÃB JfWqfv dhNqdeW dhkdjGk. rfvfm JflA H[B sKsj h]fysk bf ifvst lczf
oarBspfoA rsh sjfsÚsj?
pfvf ShL ztDmf Jfsh kfslv ubA …dyk, JfWqfv iv dbm§ÃB JfWqfv nfLfvB lczf
iVf ˆhQ hjGskv ubA dhswN lczf jvf. (zfdp} 166-175 ix})
`sp lc'de jcncm IcdeqfsY zfdu siasmv jcncm hfso,
dbmGt kfslv jvsof iaHc zfibfv zbcvfso.'
ztDmf hf zbA lfWqfk sp JfWqfsh kfv msb msb ˆƒ dbqk rWqf …dyk bq sp,
zfu pfslvsj zfdm JfWqfd¤Y jft kfvf zfmfsj zhwAƒ JfWqfsh. spmb, sp Jfq
kfsjW ‡B hf shfUf msb jvf …dyk bq. zhwA JfWqfsbfv hlst JfWqfsbf, …irfv
hf …ijfsvv dhdbmsq …irfv W …ijfv jvf jkGhA. ksh kf iaskAsjv dbu dbu
nfLAfbcpfqD. bf ifvst wcjdvqf Îfib W lczf jvf jkGhA. JfWqfsbfv iv wcjdvqf-
lczf dbsq kfviv sJ]fyf hf kctbf mfvfv zHAfn dbÇyq mcndtsmv bq.
dhsq idVsq svsJ (zfjslv iv) zfnf-pfWqf dmtbfdl rWqfv iv dhbf zbcôfsb
h… Osv zfbf pdl w¶wcsvv Jvy hf]yfsbfv …sÜswA rq kfrst kf ˆj mr{ jfu.
dj§Â ˆsk dbsuvW Jvy hf]yfsbfv …sÜwA ndEj bq. jfvB, ztDmf-sHfu (z¬i
Jvsy rstW) jvskƒ rsh. kf rt Wqfsuh.
zhwA ˆJfsbW ziyq ShL bq. sjbbf, ziyqjfvD wqkfsbv Hfƒ. kfYfVf bfm
sbWqfv …sÜswA stfjsj sldJsq zKG bf Kfjst ‡B jsvW dhwft LcmLfm jvf ShL
bq. (kczf}119ix}) iv§Â iadkäd¦l¶kf jsv oshGv nfsK sp sHfu-zbcôfb jvf rq sn
sHfu JfWqf dbdNÝ. (dnn} 626 bQ)
zbAfbA stfjfyfv
hvpfÛDv zsLGj nQJfq jsbpfÛD zfsn hsvv hfdV jsb-ufmfƒ dbsk. ziasqfusb
jsbv hfiW ˆv mfLAsm hù jcecsmv mfb v[f hf hLGb jsv Kfsj. pfƒ hf srfj hsvv
hfsiv jfsY rfI iadkswfL skf sbWqf rq!
sjfb sjfb zÑst bhhLCv mfkxtq pfÛfv iCshGv vfsÛ öfmD-²ÃD …Hqsj zbcôfb
jsv `syZKD sofnt' slWqf rq. zk}iv öfmD kfv ²ÃDsj sjfst kcst sjfb v¢sm
iashw jvsk yfƒst hJdwswv stfsH lvuf zfost lf]Vfq öfmDv djQhf ²ÃDv sjfb
…irfsnv (?) ifÛ hf ifÛD. hJdww sist kshƒ lvuf YfVf rq!
dhlfsqv iCshG hLC njstv rfsk dmdó, dydb hf (dikxtq rsk zfnf) ocV dhkvB jsv.
ˆsk sn bfdj njstv jfsY dmdó-mLcv rsq nQnfv jvsk ifsv! zk}iv ôfbf-
shofbf njstv if ±iwG jsv zKhf nftfm mcnfIfrf jsv dhlfq W lczf sbq. zsbj
hxÝ-hxÝf ifsq nftfm sbWqfv nmq `zfïfrsj nftfm jv mf' h'st Kfsj. dj§Â kf sp
rfvfm, kf sj… kfsj ufbfq bf. hvQ bf jvst hLCv shzflhDv yyGf rsq Kfsj!
zk}iv jsb nr ufmfƒ w¶wcv hfdVsk sost iaKm nf[fsk wftD hf wftfuslv
kvI rsk mufsjv ˆj jdEb ivD[fv zfiAfqb oarB jvsk rq. `seº'-sk …hcV
jvf o½fsn wvhk-ifdb, kf ufmfƒsj dnLf jsv ifb jvsk rq. zKhf thB, dydb W
nflf ifdbv vdMb wvhk; kfsj ndEj wvhk dysb sJsk rq! ˆJfb rskƒ wcv¢ rq
…irfsnv ifÛ-ifÛDslv nfmbf-nfmdb rfdn-zfsmfl W mfb-zimfsbv mfLAsm
idvshw sbfQvf jvfv iftf. sp …irfn öfmD-²ÃDsk jvst hcdVvf hst, `dY} dY}
ˆsjhfsv h… ifotf! jKfq hst, dlsb Hfwcv zfv vfsk icv¢N!'
ˆviv wcv¢ rq zómÌtf. zómÌtfv nfu-sifwfj dbsq vfo-zbcvfo. zbcv™i
b'dlb, rtcl mÌtf, sT]dj mÌtf, hflod²À, JAfb iaHxdk dhufkDq zfyfv W zbcôfb!
ˆ YfVf vsqsY rfdbmcb W dhhfr-hfdNGjD iftb pf ifÇyfkA nHAkfv zbcjvsB
kKfjdKk nHAswaBDv mfbcsNvf j'sv zsKGv ziyq Odesq Kfsj. diaq bhD  hstb,
ªsp hAdÙÁ sp ufdkv zbcv™i zfyvB j'sv Kfsj, sn hAdÙÁ snƒ ufdkvƒ ltHcÙÁ.'
(Im} 50ix}, I…} 2/759)
lf©ikA W zdLjfv
ªˆ uosk pk IcdeqfsY Ict, IdtqfsY pk It,
bfvD dlt kfsr v™i-vn-mLc-oá ncdbmGt.
sjfsbf jfst ˆjf rq db sjf uqD icv¢sNv kvhfvD,
siavBf dlqfsY, wdÙÁ dlqfsY dhuq-t[¹D bfvD.«
bfvD icv¢sNv zLGfdÌbD, nmfsuv nyt sufVf yfjfv zbAkm. idvhfsvv dHdÙ W
dw[fv iaKm õct ˆƒ bfvD. iaskAj mrfb icv¢sNv iÇyfsk sjfb bf sjfb bfvD
tcÄfdqk Kfsj zKhf icv¢sNv mrsk¶v diYsb ˆƒ bfvDv rfk zhwAƒ Kfsj.
lf©ikA uDhsb öfmD-²ÃD …Hsqƒ …Hsqv mcJfsi[D. iaskAsjv ö-ö zdLjfv
vsqsY zisvv …iv. ƒntfsm ˆƒ rt HfvnfmAmCtj ifv±idvj nrfqkfdHdÙj
siam-iaDdkv nc¦lvkm uDhb hAh²¿f.
mfbcN drnfsh nmfb zdLjfv njstv. dj§Â kfrstW nmfsu ncwx£Jtfv ubA sbkf W
mfbAhAdÙÁv dhswN iasqfub. bsy{ nhfƒ `smfVt' rst wfd§À W wx£Jtf hufq Kfsj
bf. bfvD-icv¢sNv HCdmjf nmfb rstW bfvDv …iv icv¢sNv jkGxk¶ vsqsY. bfvD
ufdksj zsi[fjxk lchGtv™si nxdójkGf zfïfrv sOfNBf}-
‫ﺎس ﱠﻟ ُﻜ ْﻢ وَأَﻧْﺘُﻢْ ﻟِﺒَﺎسٌ ﻟﱠﻬُﻦﱠ‬ ‫ ُه ﱠ‬
ٌ ‫ﻦ ِﻟ َﺒ‬
zKGf{, ªkfvf skfmfslv sifwfj ˆhQ skfmvf kfslv sifwfj.« (jc} 2/187)
ªbfvDslv skmdb bAfqnQok zdLjfv zfsY, spmb zfsY kfslv …iv icv¢Nslv.
dj§Â bfvDslv …iv icv¢Nslv djYc mpfGlf zfsY.« (jc} 2/228)
ªicv¢N bfvDv jkGf. jfvB zfïfr kfslv ˆjsj zisvv …iv swaôk¶ lfb jsvsYb
ˆhQ ˆ swaôk¶ ûbA sp, icv¢N (kfslv ubA) Lb hAq jsv Kfsj.« (jc} 4/34)
nckvfQ bfvD icv¢Nslv sbÛD rsk ifsv bf. sbkfv zLGfdÌbD, vfbD hf vfumfkf rsqƒ
skf bfvDv dhvfe ohG. ƒhflskW öfmD ²ÃDv ƒmfm. öfmD zdwd[k ˆhQ ²ÃD ifjf
rfsIp-j¶fvD rstW ƒmfmdk öfmDƒ jvsh. (mh} 1/382) iv§Â ²ÃD öfmDv iÇyfsk
l]fdVsq (ufmfzfk jsv) bfmfu iVsh. (zfdb} 1/416)
öfmDv …iv ²ÃDv zböDjfpG zdLjfv}-

öfmDv …iv ²ÃDv hù zdLjfv zfsY, pf iftb jvf öfmDv is[ Wqfsuh. snƒ nm²À
zdLjfv dbm´v™i}-
1- zfdKGj zdLjfv}-
j- öfmD dhhfr-hásbv nmq hf iCshG sp smfrv ²ÃDsj ialfb jvsh hst zÌDjfv
jsvsY kf iCBGHfsh zflfq jvf ˆhQ kf rsk ²ÃDsj hdÑkf jvfv ubA sjfb iajfv
eft-hfrfbf bf jvf. mrfb zfïfr hstb, ªnckvfQ kfslvsj kfslv Ivp smfrv
ziGB jv.« (jc} 4/24)
J- zfdKGj zh²¿fbcpfqD ²ÃDv HvB-sifNB jvf. dbsu pf Jfsh kfsj JfWqfsh ˆhQ pf
idvLfb jvsh dEj snƒ nmmfsbv sthfn kfsjW idvLfb jvfsh. (zflf}, dk}, ƒbf}, mfmc}
147ix}) zhwA sbjDv dbqsk ˆƒ hAdqk zKG öfmDv ubA nljfv nmkctA rsh. (hc}, mc},
dm}1930bQ) zbAfbA njt hAsqv sysq ²ÃDv iÇyfsk hAsqv sbjDƒ zdLj. (mc}, dm}
1931bQ) ˆmb dj kfsj ˆj o½fn ifdb ifb jvfstW kfsk sbjD tfH rq öfmDv. (dnn}
2736bQ, ƒv} 899 bQ)
2- hAhrfdvj zdLjfv}-
j- ²ÃDv ndrk nßfsh hfn jvf Wqfsuh. lcƒ-ˆjde ocB ziY¦l rstW nlfyfv W
näAhrfv há jvf smfseƒ …dyk bq. mrfb zfïfr hstb, ªzfv kfslv ndrk nßfsh
uDhb-pfib jv. skfmvf pdl kfslvsj OxBf jv ksh ˆmbW rsk ifsv sp, skfmvf
pf OxBf jvY, zfïfr kfv msLAƒ iaHCk jtAfB dbdrk svsJsYb.« (jc} 4/19)
nckvfQ nßfh Icdesq kctsk öfmD nhGlf dbsuv siamsj ²ÃDv msbv dnQrfnsb zfnDb
jsv vfJsh. kfsj nc¦lv siammq bfsm Ffjsh, sn pf yfq kfƒ kfsj nfLAmk ialfb
jvsh. r™lsqv dhdbmsq r™lq ˆhQ wdÙÁ bq hvQ HdÙÁ äfvfƒ nfKDv mb uq jvf jkGhA.
²ÃDv mb sisk rst zfso siam dlsk rsh. `ˆjde ifJDsj Lvsk rst kfsj Hq
slJfsbf yst bf. kfsj zflv j'sv, Hfstfhfnf dlsq jfsY zfbsk rq. zk}iv
ˆjdlb sn zfidbƒ sifN smsb sbq. jfvB, sn´r W Hfstfhfnf hVƒ idhÛ dudbn.'
²ÃDv dbje kfv mfkxtsqv iawQnf jvsh. nmq mk kfsj snJfsb dbsq pfsh hf
spsk-zfnsk slsh.
sjfb jfvsB ²ÃD svso sost SLpG Lvsh. mcJGfdm jvst nrA jsv sbsh. spsrkc icv¢N
zsi[f bfvDv zfsho W iadkdÛÁqf-iahBkf zdLj ˆhQ icv¢sNv sysq bfvDv SLpG
hùtfQsw jm. nckvfQ lqf jsvƒ srfj zKhf Hfstfhfnfv Jfdksvƒ srfj kfv Hct
[mf jvsh. `pk Hct rsh Ict Hfstfhfnfsk.' kfv sYfeJfe Û¢dev iadk ë™s[i
jvsh bf. zdb¤Yfjxk Hcstv …iv kfsj syfJ vfMfsh bf. zbAfq jvst zhwA wfnb
jvfv zdLjfv kfv zfsY. ksh-
`wfnb jvf kfvƒ nfsu snfrfo jsv sp,
Û¢dev …iv iaDdkv nfsK nrb Lsv sn.'
kfYfVf Hct rWqf mfbcsNv iajxdkok öHfh. Hct-Û¢de dlsq njstvƒ uDhb oVf.
dj§Â snƒ Hctsj iafLfbA dlsq hfjD uDhsb zwfd§À sFsj zfbfv sjfb pcdÙÁ sbƒ.
diaq bhD  hstb, ªskfmvf bfvDslv ubA drkfjf£JD rW. jfvB, bfvD ufdk hdËm
iÓvfd²¿ rsk nxó. (nckvfQ kfslv iajxdkƒ hdËm W sevf.) zkˆh kcdm snfuf
jvsk sost rqskf kf sHsÌƒ sItsh. zfv dbsuv zh²¿fq …si[f jvst h]fjf
sKsjƒ pfsh. zkˆh kfslv ubA mÌtjfmD rW.« (hc}, mc}, dm} 3238bQ)
nckvfQ ²ÃDv dbje sKsj pk hV zflswGv hAhrfvƒ zfwf jvf pfj bf sjb, kfv
msLA djYc bf djYc sevfdm Kfjshƒ. n©iCBGHfsh öfmDv msb zdËk nvt isK sn ytsk
yfƒsh bf. snfuf jsv yftfsk sost rfV HfÌfv mk sHsÌ pfsh; zKGf{ mb sHsÌ
lf©ikA sHsM (kftfj rsq) pfsh. (mc}, dm} 3239bQ)
diaq bhD  hstb, ªsjfb mc'dmb icv¢N spb sjfb mc'dmb ²ÃDsj OxBf bf hfsn. jfvB
sn kfv ˆjef ocB ziY¦l jvstW ziv zfv ˆjef ocsB mcÊ rsh.« (mc}, dm} 3240bQ)
nckvfQ iCdBGmfv nclwGb yd¦lamfvW jtË zfsY. nclwGb snZvHmq softfsiv ndrkW
j¦ej zfsY. ocBhkDv msLAW djYc Û¢de sKsj pfWqf zöfHfdhj bq.
jdKk zfsY sp, ˆjlf ˆj hAdÙÁ kfv sEf]ejfef ²ÃDv zdHspfo dbsq rpvk …mfsvv
dbje …id²¿k rsq hfdV lvufq kf]sj Ffj dlsq zsi[f jvskƒ wcbsk sit
rpvk Wmsvv ²ÃDW kf]v ndrk jKf-jfefjfde jvsYb ˆhQ dkdb bDvh sKsj pfs¤Yb.
stfjde zfv sjfb jKf bf hst ia²¿fb jvsk jvsk msb msb htsk tfot,
`zfmDv¢t mc'dmbDsbv pdl ˆƒ zh²¿f rq zKy dkdb JtDIf, jk jVf mfbcN, kfrst
zfmfv zfv dj rsk ifsv?' rpvk …mfv lvufq ˆsn stfjdesj spsk slsJ sFsj
duÎfnf jvstb, `skfmfv iasqfub bf hstƒ kcdm yst pf¤Y sjb?' stfjde htt,
`pfv ubA ˆsndYtfm kfv uhfh zfdm sisq sodY ùucv! zfmfv ²ÃD zfmfv ndrk tìf
dusH jKf hst. kfvƒ zdHspfo dbsq zfibfv jfsY ˆsndYtfm. dj§Â slJdY
zfibfvW zfmfv mkƒ zh²¿f?' …mfv htstb, `zfdm nrA jsv dbƒ Hfƒ! jfvB,
zfmfv …iv kfv zsbj zdLjfv zfsY; sn zfmfv Jfbf ifj jsv, v¢de SkvD jsv,
jfiV Lcsq slq, zfmfv n§Àfbsj ²ÀblcÊ ifb jdvsq tftb-iftb jsv, zfmfv r™lsq
wfd§À zfsb, ƒkAfdl. kfƒ ˆjec nrA jsv dbƒ.' stfjde htt, `zfmDv¢t mc'dmbDb!
zfmfv ²ÃDW skf zbcv™i.' …mfv htstb, `ksh nrA jsv bfW so Hfƒ! sn skf
nfmfbA[Bƒ vfofd¦hkf Kfsj.'
nckvfQ nc¦lv snZvHmq softfi kcst kfv ncO»fB dbsk rst lc-ˆjef j]fef rfsk-
ofsq I]cVsh Sh dj? jf]efv ubA sj… dj ia±Icdek softfisj OxBf jsv? bfvD
softfsiv mk nc¦lv W sjfmt hstƒ j]fefv bAfq jKf äfvf dbsusj v[f jvsk yfq.
(ùmf} 52 ix})
i[f§Àsv vfsov mfKfq ˆjub icv¢Nsj [f§À jvsk rst kfv dhshj-hcdÝv sJƒ
Lsv, ˆjub bfvDsj [f§À jvsk rst kfv r™lq W zfshsov sJƒ Lsv ˆhQ nmfusj
[f§À jvsk rst kfv iajxdksj ufoak jsv nIt rWqf pfq. kfYfVf `²ÃDv nsÌ
UoVf jsv sjfb tfHW sbƒ; zfOfk jvstW jó, zfv zfOfk sistW jó.'
²ÃD sjfb Hft jKf htst …si[fv jfsb bf wcsb sJqfstv nfsK swfbf, sjfb …Ùm
vfq-ivfmwG dlst kf nflsv oarB jvfW nßfsh hfn jvfv wfdmt.
spmb, kfv ndrk rfdn-kfmfnf jvf, nh nmq siZv¢N smufu bf svsJ sjfb sjfb
nmq kfv ndrk ShL sJtf jvf, wvDvyyGf hf hAfqfmfdl jvf ƒkAfdlW öfmDv jkGhA.
diaq bhD  dhdh zfsqwfv ndrk slZV iadkspfdokf jsv ˆjhfv srsvdYstb W isv
zfv ˆjhfsv dkdb duskdYstb. (zf}, mfmc} 150ix})
klbcv™i ²ÃDsj sjfb ShL sJtf slJsk ncspfo slWqfW lCNBDq bq. (hc}, bf}, zfdp}
275ix}) ksh ˆnh djYc rsh ˆjf§À dbuGsb, ilGf-nDmfv dHksv.
²ÃD Hfstf Jfhfv SkvD jvst, nfusofu jvst hf sjfb Hfstf jfu jvst kfv
iawQnf jvsh öfmD. ˆmbdj ²ÃDv r™lqsj tcse sbWqfv ubA ƒntfm dmKAf htfsjW
ShL jsvsY. (hc}, mc}, dnn} 545bQ) ksh sp dmKAf kfv zdLjfv rvB jsv W kfsj
sLfjf slq, sn dmKAf bq.
nßfsh hfn jvsk yfƒst öfmD ²ÃDv oxr²¿fdt jsmGW nrfqkf jvsh. ˆsk ²ÃDv mb
öfmDv iadk waÝf W siasm zfsvf idviCBG rsq …Esh. diaq bhD ; dpdb lcufrfsbv
hflwfr dkdbW nQnfsvv jfu jvskb. ²ÃDslv nrfqkf jvskb, zk}iv bfmfspv
nmq rstƒ mnduslv dlsj vWbf rskb. (hc}, dk}, zfdp} 290ix}) dkdb zbAfbA
mfbcsNv mk ˆjub mfbcN dYstb; örs²À jfiV idv°jfv jvskb, lcL slfqfskb ˆhQ
dbsuv dJlmk dbsuƒ jvskb. (dnn} 670bQ, zfdp} 291ix})
öfmD spmb ²ÃDsj nc¦lvD slJsk iY¦l jsv skmdb ²ÃDW öfmDsj nc¦lv W ncndÏk
slJsk Hfstfhfsn. êfƒ rt mfbcsNv iajdx k. nckvfQ öfmDvW …dyk ²ÃDsj sJfw
jvfv ubA nfusofu jvf. pfsk kfvW buv zbA icv¢sNv (öfmDv sjfb idv¤Yâ
zfk¹Dsqv) i»dk zfjxó bf rq. ƒhsb zfêfn (vf}) hstb, `zfdm zfmfv ²ÃDv ubA
nfunÏf jdv, spmb sn zfmfv ubA nfunÏf jsv.' zfv zfïfr kfzf'tf hstb,
ªbfvDslv skmdb bAfqnÌk zdLjfv zfsY, spmb kfslv …iv zfsY icv¢Nslv--.«
(jc} 2/228)
htfƒ hfùtA sp, ˆƒ zhsrtfv Istƒ hù zfLcdbjf öfmD kAfo jsv zKhf
zbAfnÙÁf rsq isV.
JtDIf …mfv  ˆv dbje ˆjde stfj …°jJc°j W sttfsJif shsw …id²¿k rt.
nsÌ dYt kfv ²ÃD. öfmDv dhv¢sÝ zdHspfo jsv kfv dbje sKsj dhhfr dhs¤Yl iafKGbf
jvt. lCvlwDG JtDIf nh djYc hcUsk ifvstb. dkdb kfv öfmDsj idv¤Yâkf oarB
jvfv …sÜswA ifdEsq dlstb. zk}iv sn kfv yct, bJ ƒkAfdl sjse idv°jfv-
idv¤Yâ rsq dIsv ˆst dkdb kfsj kfv ²ÃDv dbje spsk zfslw jvstb. ²ÃD
ivicv¢N sHsh kfsj slsJ nsv pfd¤Yt. iv[sB kfsj dybsk sisv kftfsjv
zfshlb iakAfrfv jsv dbt!
ˆ Oebfv iv JtDIf …mfv  htstb, `skfmvf skfmfslv ²ÃDv ubA nfunÏf
jv. zfïfrv jnm! skfmvf spmb skfmfslv ²ÃDosBv nfunÏf iY¦l jv; zbcv™i
kfvfW skfmfslv nfunÏf iY¦l jsv. (kczf} 103-104ix})
²ÃDv ˆ]sef JfWqf zsbj öfmDv dbje ziY¦lbDq. dj§Â wvDqsk kf öDjxk. vnCt
 ifb-ifsÛv dEj snƒ ²¿fsb mcJ svsJ ifdb ifb jvskb, sp ²¿fsb rpvk zfsqwf
(vf}) mcJ tfdosq iCshG ifb jvskb. sp rfV sKsj rpvk zfsqwf sofñX YfdVsq
sJskb, snƒ rfV dbsqƒ dEj snƒ ufqofskƒ mcJ svsJ zfïfrv bhD  sofñX YfdVsq
sJskb. (mc}, zf}, iaHxdk, zfdp} 277ix}) kfYfVf ²ÃDv vnbf W WôfLv syfNsBv ƒdÌkW
wvDqsk hkGmfb. (hc} 5080bQ, dnn} 623bQ)
ˆmb siasmv iadkmfv ˆ]sef ˆhQ ycìb kfvfƒ sJsk yfqbf, pfvf ˆjf§À siamrDb
bDvn icv¢N zKhf pfslv ²ÃD zidv¤Yâ W sbfQvf Kfsj kfvf zKhf pfslv dbje sjht
StdÌj spZbns©Hfoƒ mCt kxdå.
²ÃDsj dhdHâ …its[ (spmb „l, jcvhfbD iaHxdksk) sYfeJfe …irfv slWqfW
nßfsh hfn jvfv ipGfqHcÙÁ. ˆskW ²ÃDv r™lq dyvh¦lD rq öfmDv r™lq sust.
smfe jKf ²ÃDv ndrk hfn skf siadmjfv ndrk hfn. nhGskfHfsh kfsj sJfw vfJf
mfbcsNv iajxdkok öHfh. siadmjsj jó slWqf sjfb mcndtm, sjfb mfbcsNv, hvQ
sjfb iwcvW jfu bq.
diaq bhD  hstb, ªskfmfslv msLA …Ùm hAdÙÁ snƒ, sp kfv ²ÃDv dbje …Ùm.
zfv zfdm dbu ²ÃDv dbje skfmfslv nshGfÙm hAdÙÁ.« (kf}, rf}, lf}, zfdp} 269ix})
ªnhfv sysq iCBG „mfblfv hAdÙÁ sn, pfv ydvÛ nhfv sysq nc¦lv ˆhQ Wslv msLA
nhGfsi[f …Ùm hAdÙÁ snƒ, sp kfv ²ÃDv dbje …Ùm.«
ªnfhLfb! skfmvf bfvD (²ÃD)slv ubA mÌtjfmD rW. spsrkc kfvf skfmfslv rfsk
hd¦lbD.« (dk}, ƒmf}, zfdp} 270ix}) ªkfslv hAfifsv zfïfrsj Hq jv. spsrkc
kfslvsj skfmvf zfïfrv zÌDjfsv zÌDjfvhÝ rsq hvB jsvY ˆhQ zfïfrv
hfBDv mfLAsm kfslv tÏf²¿fb rftft jsv dbsqY.« (mc})
zhwAƒ ²ÃDv pKfKG mpGflf W zdLjfv ialfb jvfv bfm `zf]yt Lvf' hf `h…
ifotfdm' bq.
J- öfmDv …iv ²ÃDv zbAkm zdLjfv ˆƒ sp, dhil zfil sKsj öfmD kfsj v[f
jvsh. ²ÃDsj v[f jvsk dosq pdl öfmD wÛ¢v rfsk mfvf isv, ksh sn wrDslv luGf
ifq. (dk}, zflf}, bf}, dm} 3529bQ)
zbcv™i ²ÃDsj ufrfâfm sKsj v[f jvfW kfv ˆj hV lfdqk¶. kfsj äDb, zfjDlf,
idhÛkf, ƒhflk, rfvfm, rftft, zdLjfv W hAhrfv iaHxdk dw[f dlsq n{jfu
jvsk zfslw W zn{jfsu hfLf dlsq zfïfrv zfpfh sKsj svrfƒ slsh.
mrfb zfïfr hstb, ªsr „mfblfvoB! skfmvf dbsuslvsj ˆhQ dbu idvhfvsj
ufrfâfm sKsj hf]yfW; pfv ƒáb mfbcN W ifKv --.« (jc} 66/6)
o- ²ÃDv LmG, slr, spZhb W mpGflfq „NGfhfb rWqf ˆhQ ˆ nsh sjfb iajfv jtË
tfosk bf slWqf öfmDv …iv kfv ˆj zdLjfv. nckvfQ ²ÃD ˆj …Ùm nQv[BDq W
drIfuskv dudbn. stfsjv mcsJ-mcsJ, ivicv¢Nslv syfsJ-syfsJ W pchjslv msb-
msb dhyvB jvsk bf slWqf; pfsj slJf slWqf kfv ²ÃDv is[ rfvfm kfsj nfLfvB
zbcmdk dlsq hfdV zfnsk-spsk bf slWqf ncicv¢sNv jmG.
zfv ˆv bfm v[BwDtkf hf so]fVfmD bq. hvQ êf rt ncicv¢sNv v¢dywDtkf W
idhÛkf. bfvD-öfLDbkfv bfsm pfvf ˆƒ h¬ofrDbkf W bo´kfsj ìaodk' msb j'sv
zfïfr-HÙÁslv `so]fVf' hst Kfsj, wvDqk kfslvsjƒ `sH]Vf' hst zfJAfqb jsv.
zfv `sH]Vf' hf ²ÃD-jbAfv hAfifsv „NGfrDb icv¢N ufâfsk pfsh bf. (bf}, lf}, mfmc} 155ix})
dbsuv ƒ¤Yfmk Ôv-WOv, îfVf-WifVf, ˆ mfsjGe sn mfsjGe spsk öfmD kfv
²ÃDsj hfLf slsh. sjfb iajfv sbfQvfmD, zw½Dtkf, ofb-hfubf, dnsbmf-dKsqefsv dbsu
pfsh bf, ²ÃDsjW spsk slsh bf. sbfQvf sedtdHwb W dHdFW hfdVsk vfJsh bf.
svdFWsk ofb-hfubf wcbsk slsh bf. ipGfå jfvB dhbf ˆhQ zfsifsnv ycdÙÁ W
n©mdk YfVf yfv mfsnv zdLj ²ÃD sYsV hfƒsv Kfjsh bf. spsrkc icv¢sNv spZbiahxdÙ
spmb, dEj skmdb bfvDvW. icv¢sNv spmb bfvDslr nQnoGtfsH ivmkxdå, zbcv™i
bfvDW icv¢sNv nQnoG sisq yvm kxdå …isHfo jsv Kfsj. zkˆh siasm zbfdhtkf
hufq vfJsk bfvDsj drIfpk jvf icv¢sNv ubA Ivp ˆhQ kf ˆj ncv¢dyiCBG jmG.
ifdb hf wvhsk nfmfbA ˆjef sifjf hf mfdY iVst kf ifb jvsk jfsvf v¢dy rq bf;
zfv dbu ²ÃDv snZ¦lpG W siasm zisvv jfm hf jclxdó, m§ÀshAv mcJ W jfmbfv mb
iVst kfsk dj jsv v¢dy rq ncicv¢sNv? nckvfQ sp icv¢sNv zbcv™i ncv¢dy sbƒ sn
jficv¢N Sh dj?
druvD 286 nsb `vfƒ'ˆv jfpDv dbje ˆj mdrtf mcjfÜfmf lfsqv jvt. kfv
zdHHfhsjv nfsK dmst öfmDv dhv¢sÝ sn kfv smfrvfbf hfhl 500 dlvrfm zflfq
bf slWqfv zdHspfo jvt. jfpD nf[D kth jvst nf[D …id²¿k jvf rt. dj§Â
nfd[lfkfvf mdrtfdesj sybfv ubA kfv syrfvf slJfsk zbcsvfL ufbfstf. ˆ Jhv
öfmDv jfsb sost jfpDv nfmsb htt, `zfdm öDjfv jvdY sp, 500 dlvrfm zfmfv
²ÃDv ifWbf. zfdm pKfnmsq kfsj kf zflfq jsv slh. nf[Dv lvjfv sbƒ. W spb
syrfvf bf sJfst!'
ˆ Jhv ²ÃDv dbje sost snW zfïfr zk}iv jfpDsj nf[D svsJ htt, `zfdmW
zfmfv öfmDv dbje sKsj iafiA …ÙÁ smfrvfbfv lfhD iakAfrfv jsv dbd¤Y ˆhQ lcdbqf
W zfsJvfskv ubA Wsj [mf jsv dld¤Y.'
ˆ wcLc ûbA sp, ilGfv mfb W mCtA zfsY bfvDv jfsY, zfv öfmDv zfsY pKfpK
„NGf. kfƒ syrfvf Jcst shzfhv¢ jvsk njstƒ bfvfu. êfƒ skf ncv¢dyiCBG mcndtm
l©idkv idvyq.
²ÃDsj JfmfJf ns¦lr jvfW öfmDv …dyk bq. ShL jsmG, dydj{nfv ubA hf zbAfbA
uv¢vD jfsuv ubA ilGfv nfsK spsk bf dlsq kfsj zoGthÝ jsv vfJfƒ rt
zdkvÓb W so]fVfmD. kfYfVf ˆmb zhsvfL iaKfq ƒntfsmv sjfb nmKGb sbƒ.
i[f§Àsv ²ÃDsj ns¦lr jvst lf©ikA uDhb dkÙÁ rsq …sE. jfvB lf©ikA ncsJv
ubA uv¢vD; öfmD-²ÃDv …Hsqv zfmfbklfvD, drSkdNkf, nkAhfdlkf, z§ÀvÌkf,
zbfdht siam, dhÇh²Àkf, bmakf, ncd±mk hAhrfv W hfjAftfi, ˆsj zisvv ocB
öDjfv. zfv ns¦lr ˆnh djYcsj L¶Qn jsv sIst. jfvB ns¦lr ˆmb dudbn pfv
nC[µkm dwjV ˆjhfv msbv mfdesk nÑfdtk rsq sost kfsj pk[B ipG§À bf
sesb-dY]sV sItf rq, kk[B sn iaht iakfsi vfuk¶ jvsk Kfsj ˆhQ n©iaDdk W
ncsJv jKf Hfhskƒ slq bf.
ˆƒ ns¦lsrv Itwa¢dkskƒ hù rkHfof öfmD kfslv ²ÃDslvsj Hfskv yft ipG§À
kftfhÝ svsJ vfâfv nmq smsi vf]Lsk slq! htfƒ hfùtA sp, jKfq jKfq ˆhQ
jfsu jfsu ²ÃDsj ns¦lr jvst sn öfmDv nQnfv dbÇyq ˆj iajfv ufrfâfm.
idvswsN, mrfb zfïfrv ˆƒ hfBD iaskAj öfmDv msb vfJf …dyk; dkdb hstb, ªsr
mcdmboB! dbÇyq skfmfslv ²ÃD W n§Àfb-n§Àdkv msLA sj… sj… skfmfslv (ifdKGh W
ifvstZdjj dhNsqv) wÛ¢. zkˆh kfslv hAfifsv skfmvf nkjG sKsjf. zhwA
(äDbD dhNsq zbAfq sKsj kWhf jvst W ifdKGh dhNqj zbAfsq) skfmvf pdl
Wslvsj mfuGbf jv, Wslv slfN-Û¢de …si[f jv ˆhQ Wslvsj [mf jsv lfW
kfrst susb vfJ sp, zfïfr [mfwDt, ivm lqftc.« (nCvf kfofhcb 14 zfqfk)
²ÃDv …iv öfmDvW zböDjfpG zdLjfv vsqsY}-
iaKm zdLjfv rt ShL jsmG W zfslsw öfmDv zfbcokA . öfmD nQnfsvv lfdqk¶wDt
hAdÙÁ. nQnfv W lf©ikA dhNsq kfv zfbcokA ²ÃDv ubA uv¢vD. spmb sjfb õct-
jstsuv iaLfb dw[j, zdIsnv mAfsbufv hf dFsvÅv iaHxdkv zfbcokA zbAfbA
njtsj jvsk rq.
²ÃD nfLfvBk} öfmDv sysq hqsn sYfe rq. mfkxtsq mf-hfsiv (ShL dhNsq) zfslw
spmb smsb ytsk sYst-smsq hfLA skmdb w¶wcvftsq öfmDv zfslw W dbslGw smsb
ytfW ²ÃDv i»jxdkok zfyvB. kfYfVf LsmGW vsqsY öfmDv ubA zdkdvÙÁ mpGflf.
zkˆh siam, n©iaDdk W wx£Jtkf hufq vfJsk hVsj sbkf mfbskƒ rq. iaskAj
sjf©ifbD W …slAfso ifdKGh ˆƒ dbqmƒ zbcnvBDq. zkˆh öfmD-²ÃDv s[sÛ kf
bfvD-ivfLDbkf rsh sjb. ksh zbAfq W zShL dhNsq zhwAƒ öfmDv zfbcokA
zShL. jfvB pfslvsj zfïfr jkGxk¶ dlsqsYb kfslvsj zShL W zbAfq jkGxk¶
slbdb. sj…ƒ kfv jkGxk¶ W ilsj zShLHfsh hAhrfv jvsk ifsv bf. kfYfVf jkGf
rWqfv zKG sjhtmfÛ wfnb yftfsbfƒ bq; hvQ lfdqk¶wDtkfv shfUf ncôcHfsh hrb
jvfW jkGfv mrfb jkGhA.
sp bfvD öfmDv ˆjf§À zbcokf W idkhakf sn bfvDv hV mpGflf vsqsY ƒntfsm. diaq
bhD  hstb, ªvmBD kfv i]fy WqfsÙÁv bfmfp iVst, vmpfsbv svfpf iftb jvst,
ƒÏskv drIfpk jvst W öfmDv kfshlfvD jvst ufâfskv sp sjfb lvuf dlsq
ƒ¤Yfmk iashw jvsk ifvsh. (k¶fh}, ƒdr}, zf}, iaHxdk, dm} 3254bQ)
ªswaôf vmBD snƒ, pfv iadk kfv öfmD lxjifk jvst sn kfsj sJfw jsv slq, sjfb
zfslw jvst kf iftb jsv ˆhQ kfv uDhb W n©isl öfmDv ziY¦lbDq
dhv¢ÝfyvB jsv bf.« (dnn} 1838bQ)
²ÃDv dbje öfmDv mpGflf dhvfe. ˆƒ mpGflfv jKf ƒntfm dbsu sOfNBf jsvsY. diaq
bhD  hstb, ª²ÃDv ubA öfmD kfv ufâfk zKhf ufrfâfm.«(ƒzfwf},bf}, k¶fh}, rf}, iaHxdk, zfdp} 285ix})
ªpdl zfdm jf…sj jfsvf ubA dnulf jvsk zfslw jvkfm, kfrst bfvDsj
zfslw jvkfm sn spb kfv öfmDsj dnulf jsv.« (dk}, dm} 3255bQ)
ª²ÃDv jfsY öfmDv ˆmb zdLjfv zfsY sp, ²ÃD pdl öfmDv slsrv Of sy]seW Kfsj
khcW sn kfv pKfKG rj zflfq jvsk ifvsh bf.« (rf}, ƒdr}, ƒzfwf}, n}uf} 3148 bQ)
ªmdrtf pdl dbu öfmDv rj (pKfKGv™si) ufbskf, kfrst kfv lcicv zKhf vfskv
Jfhfv sJsq swN bf jvf ipG§À sn (kfv ifsw) l]fdVsq Kfjskf.« (k¶fh, nuf} 5259bQ)
ªkf]v wiK pf]v rfsk mcrf©mslv iafB zfsY! bfvD kfv iadkiftsjv rj kk[B
ipG§À zflfq jvsk ifsv bf, pk[B ipG§À bf sn kfv öfmDv rj zflfq jsvsY.
nWqfvDv disE KfjstW pdl öfmD kfv dmtb yfq ksh sn hfLf dlsk ifvsh bf.«
(ƒmf}, zf}, ƒdr}, zfdp} 284ix})
ªlcƒ hAdÙÁv bfmfp kfslv mfKf zdkÛÁm jsv bf (jhct rq bf) ; snƒ ÛÁDklfn sp
kfv iaHcv dbje sKsj itfqb jsvsY, sn kfv dbje dIsv bf zfnf ipG§À ˆhQ sp ²ÃD
kfv öfmDv zhfLAfyvB jsvsY, sn kfv hfLA bf rWqf ipG§À (bfmfp jhct rq bf.)«
(k¶fh, rf}, dnn} 288bQ)
ªdkb hAdÙÁv bfmfp jhct rq bf, zfjfswv dlsj …sE bf; mfKfv …isv pfq bf;
ˆmb ƒmfm pfv ƒmfmdk (zdLjfQw) stfsj ziY¦l jsv, dhbf zfslsw sp jfsvf
ufbfpf iVfq, ˆhQ vfsÛ nÌsmv …sÜswA öfmD Ffjst sp ²ÃD kfsk zn©mk rq.
(dnn} 650bQ)
ªöfmD pJb kfv ²ÃDsj dbu dhYfbfv dlsj (nÌm jvsk) zfr¶hfb jsv kJb pdl ²ÃD
bf zfsn, zk}iv sn kfv …iv vfofd¦hk zh²¿fq vfdÛ jfefq, ksh njft ipG§À
dIdvñfhoG kfv …iv zdHwfi jvsk Kfsjb.« zbA ˆj hBGbfq ªpk[B ipG§À bf
öfmD kfv iadk n§Âó rsqsY, kk[B ipG§À dIdvñf kfv …iv zdHwfi jvsk
Kfsjb.« (hc}, mc}, zflf}, zf}, iaHxdk, zfdp} 283ix})
öfmDv zfbcokA ²ÃDv ubA zfïfr W klDq vnCstv zfbcokA. nckvfQ öfmDsj n§Âó
jvst zfïfr n§Âó rb. htfƒ hfùtA sp, zdLjfQw kftfj W däkDq dhhfsrv jfvB
rt öfmDv zfr¶fsb ²ÃDv pKfnmsq nfVf bf slWqf. …ÙÁ zdLjfv iftsbƒ öfmD-²ÃDv
háb muhck W mLcv rsq osV …sE, bsy{ bf.
2- öfmDv mfb-mpGflf W yfdrlfv sJqft vfJf ²ÃDv ubA uv¢vD. öfmD hfƒsv sKsj
ˆsn spb ziaDdkjv djYc slJsk, wcbsk, w]cjsk hf zbcHh jvsk bf ifsv. icv¢N
hfƒsv jmGhA²Àkfq u¶st-icsV hfdVsk ˆsn pdl ²ÃDv dn¹kmcJ W slr-nQnfsvv
ifdvifeA bf sit, kfrst kfv zfv ncJ sjfKfq? nQnfsv kfv mk lcHGfof hAdÙÁ zfv
sj… sbƒ, pfsj hfƒsv smrbsk u¶st ˆsn hfdVsk ²ÃDv jfsYW u¶tsk rq.
sn bfvD jk zflwG idkHÙÁf sp kfv öfmDsj dmtb dlsq JcwD W n§Âó jvfv ubA
jfsvf mxkcAskW swfj iajfw jsv bf. zdk SLpG W nrbwDtkfv nfsK ˆmbde jvf
zbcim idkHdÙÁv idvyq. iv§Â ˆv™i jvfv iÇyfsk iaHCk jtAfsBv zfwf jvf
pfq. spmb, OsedYt …s©m nctfƒm v¢mfƒnf (dhdh vdmnf) W k]fv öfmD zfhc kftrf
(vf}) ˆv nfQnfdvj uDhsb. k]fslv ˆjmfÛ n§Àfb hAfdLoa²À dYt. zfhc kftrf iafq
nmq bhD  ˆv dbje jfefskb. ˆj dlb náAfq dkdb kf]v dbje sostb. ˆdlsj
hfdVsk k]fv sYst mfvf sot. …s©m nctfƒm njtsj dbsNL jvstb, pfsk zfhc
kftrfv dbje Jhv bf pfq. dkdb sYstdesj Osvv ˆj sjfsB sTsj svsJ dlstb.
zk}iv öfmD zfhc kftrf vnCt  ˆv dbje sKsj hfdV dIvst htstb, `zfmfv
shef sjmb zfsY?' v¢mfƒnf htstb, `pJb sKsj W iDdVk kJb sKsj sp jó
ifd¤Yt kfv sysq ˆJb Jch wf§À. zfv zfwf jdv sn zfvfm tfH jsvsY!'
zk}iv idkiafBf ²ÃD öfmD ˆhQ k]fv ndrk zfnf zfsvf zbAfbA smrmfbslv ubA
vfsÛv Jfhfv siw jvstb. njst sJsq …sE sot. zfhc kftrf …sE dbsuv dhYfbfq
dosq wcsq iVstb. (²ÃDv jKfq Hfhstb, sYst zfvfm sisq Ocmfs¤Y.) Wdlsj
idkhakf v¢mfƒnf nh jfu snsv …Ùmv™si nfu-nÏf jvstb, ncodá mfJstb.
zk}iv öfmDv dhYfbfq ˆstb. öfmD ²ÃDv dbje sKsj snZ¦lpG, snZvH ˆhQ dbuGbkf
sist …Hsqv msLA pf Ose kf kfslv öfmD-²ÃDv mfsU (dmtb) Oet. kfviv vfdÛv
swN dlsj v¢mfƒnf öfmDsj htstb, `sr zfhc kftrf! pdl sj… jf…sj sjfb dudbn
Lfv öv™i hAhrfv jvsk slq, zk}iv snƒ dudbsnv mfdtj pdl kf sIv{ sbq ksh
hAhrfvjfvDv dj hfLf slWqf hf djYc htfv Kfjsk ifsv?' zfhc kftrf htstb,
`zhwAƒ bf.' ²ÃD htstb, `kfrst wcbcb, zfïfr zfpXpf zufï zfibfsj sp sYst
Lfv dlsqdYstb kf sIv{ dbsqsYb. zkˆh zfidb SLpG Lsv sbjDv zfwf jv¢b!'
ˆ jKfq öfmD svso …Estb; htstb, `ˆk[B ipG§À djYc bf hst yci sKsj, ˆk
djYc rWqfv iv kcdm zfmfsj zfmfv sYst mvfv Jhv dl¤Y?!' zk}iv dkdb `ƒâf
dtïfdr----' iVstb W zfïfrv iawQnf jvstb. kfviv zfïfrv vnCt  ˆv
dbje Oebf Jcst htst dkdb k]fsj htstb, ªskfmfslv …Hsqv ‰ ok vfsÛ zfïfr
hjGk lfb jv¢b.« nckvfQ ‰ vfsÛƒ v¢mfƒnf k]fv osHG zfhfv ˆjde n§Àfb LfvB
jsvb. (k¶fqfdtnD 2056, hf} 4/65-66, ƒdr} 725bQ, zf} 3/105-106 iaHxdk. slJcb, zfrjfmct
ufbfsqp 24-26 ix})
3- öfmDv äDb W ƒÏskv sJqft jvf Wqfsuh. shilGf, se]f-se]f sjf©ifbD rsq,
ifVfjc]lctD rsq, lvuf, ufbftf hf Yfl rsk …]dj U]cdj smsv, öfmDv zhkGmfsb sjfb
shofbfv nfsK slJf-nf[f{ jsv zKhf sjfKfW sosq-ˆsn dbsuv kKf öfmDv hlbfm
jvf ˆhQ zfïfrsj zn§Âó jvf smfseƒ ShL bq. öfmD-oxsr drIfpskv nfsK sKsj
kfv mbmk ytf ˆj zfmfbk. ˆƒ zfmfbskv sJqfbk öfmDv zhkGmfsb jvst
dbÇyqƒ sn nfL¶D bfvD bq. mrfb zfïfr hstb, ªnckvfQ nfL¶D bfvDvf zbcokf ˆhQ
icv¢sNv zbcid²¿dksk stfjy[cv z§Àvfst dbsuslv ƒÏk v[fjfdvBD. zfïfrv
drIfpsk kfvf kf drIfpk jsv.« (jc} 4/34)
öfmDv dbje öfmDv Hsq hf kfsj ialwGb jsv ilGfdhdh hf drIfpkjfdvBD snsu
kfv zhkGmfsb sofisb zfïfrsj Hq bf j'sv jcecmhfdV, dhsqhfdV iaHxdk dosq
zKhf w¶wcvhfdVsk ilGfbwDb snsu ˆhQ hfsiv hfdVsk shilGf rsq dbsuv mb W
sJqft-JcwDv kfshlfvD j'sv Kfjst sn bfvD dbÇyq hV sLfjfhfu. diaq bhD 
hstb, ªdkb hAdÙÁ n©isjG sjfb iaw´ƒ jsvf bf; sp ufmfzfk kAfo jsv ƒmfsmv
zhfLA rsq mfvf pfq, sp ÛÁDklfn hf lfnD iaHc sKsj itfqb jsv mfvf pfq, ˆhQ snƒ
bfvD pfv öfmD zbcid²¿k Kfjst -kfv nfQnfdvj nm²À iasqfubDq dudbn hs¦lfh²À
jsv slWqf nsÙ¶W -kfv zbcid²¿dksk shilGfq hfƒsv pfq.« (dnn} 542bQ)
swaôf vmBD skf snƒ sp sjfb ivicv¢Nsj dbsuv mcJ slJfq bf ˆhQ shofbfv mcJ
dbsuW slsJ bf. öfmD hfdVsk bf Kfjst ofb-hfubf wcsb bq; hvQ jcvzfb W äDbD
hƒ-ic²Àj isV dbsuv mbsj I¼D jsv. jfvB ofb wcsb mb zfsvf Jfvfi rq. öfmDsj
jfsY sisk ƒ¤Yf rq. spZb [cLf shsV …sE. kfƒskf ntIoB hstb, òfb rt
hAdHyfsvv m§Ã.' (kfmc} 162ix}) i[f§Àsv ªzfïfrv dpjsvƒ mcdmbslv dyÙ iawf§À
rq.« (jc} 13/28)
4- öfmDv ShqfdÙÁj W nfmfduj uDhsbv iadkW dhswN sJqft vfJf ²ÃDv jkGhA.
nckvfQ kfv hAdÙÁok jfu-jfvhfv, iVfwcbf iaHxdksk dF±efhG jvf hf hfLf slWqf
drkfjfd£JbD ²ÃDv zHAfn rsk ifsv bf. öfmDv dbje ˆmb dhNq, h²Â hf dhtfn-nfmoaD
²ÃD yfƒsh bf, pfv Ist sn hfLA rsq zShL zsKGfifuGsbv iK zhtìb jsv sIst.
rfvfm …ifuGb W zn{ hAhnfq smfseƒ kfv nrfqkf jvsh bf. nfL¶D ²ÃD skf snƒ; sp
kfv öfmDsj hAhnfq shv rst ˆƒ hst ntsIv ²ÃDv mk zdnqk jsv, ªzfïfrsj
Hq jvshb, rfvfm …ifuGb sKsj lCsv Kfjshb. jfvB, zfmvf bf sJsq [cLfq SLpG
Lvsk ifvh; dj§Â ufrfâfsm SLpG Lvsk ifvh bf!« (mfmc} 169ix}, dnmcnf} 50-51ix})
ª--idk pdl rq zá sr nkD sh]sLfbf bqsb zfhvB,
zá idksv zf]dJ slq spb skfmfv nkA zfyvB.«
5- öfmDv Ov nQnfv idv°jfv-idv¤Yâ ˆhQ nfdusq ocdYsq idvifde jsv vfJf ²ÃDv
jkGhA. öfmDv pfhkDq dJlmk jvf, sYst-smsqslvsj idv°jfv W nHA jsv vfJfW
kfv lfdqk¶. nhGjfu dbsuv rfsk jvfƒ …Ùm. ˆsk kfv öf²¿A Hfstf ˆhQ slsr
±ICdkG Kfjsh. ˆjf§À yfi W iasqfub bf rst lfnD hAhrfv zftsn smsqv jfu.
nfrfhD mdrtfoB örs²À s[skvW jfu jvskb. ˆjlf rpvk Ifskmf (vf}) jfsuv
yfsiv ˆhQ dbsuv smrbk W jsóv jKf zfêfv dbje …sïJ j'sv sjfb Jfslm
yfƒst diaq bhD  k]fsj örs²À jmG n©iflb jvsk dbslGw dlstb ˆhQ ztnkf
jfdesq …Efv ŠNLW hst dlstb; htstb, ªpJb skfmvf wqb jvsh kJb 34 hfv
`zfïf-ù zfjhfv' 33 hfv `nchrf-bfïf-r' ˆhQ 33 hfv `zftrfmlc dtïf-r'
iVsh. êf skfmfslv ubA Jfslm sKsjW …Ùm rsh!« (mc} 2727bQ)
kfƒ skf ˆjub hflwfrv jbAf rsqW dkdb örs²À yfdj Ocdvsq zfef diNskb. kf]v
rfsk sIfõf isV spk, khcW zfêfv jKfmk sjfb lfn-lfnD hAhrfv bf jsvƒ
nQnfv jsvsYb.
ªzfk¹frfvf bf rƒqf snZHfoA snfrfso
iv§Â sp jsv jfm öjsv pksb,
idvub iaDdk srkc siam zbcvfso
zflwG vmBD snƒ pKfKG HChsb.«
i[f§Àsv lfn-lfnD hAhrfsv dhidÙ zfsY. ˆslv mfLAsm Osvv vrnA hfƒsv pfq,
hfdVv sjfb nlsnAv ndrk zShL iaBq osV …Esk ifsv. kfslv hAhrfv, ydvÛ,
dhÇhfn iaHxdk dwwcslv msb iaHfh dh²Àfv jsv ƒkAfdl. dhtfsnv zfdkwspA dbsuv
öfmD W n§Àfsbv snhfpkµ kAfo jsv nh djYc lfn-lfnDv …iv dbHGv jvst nQnfsv
ƒ¤YfncJ dmst bf.
ªdhtfdnbD sp vmBD oxr²¿fdt jfpG
n©iflb zfib Hfdhqf bf jsv,
r…j kfrfv idk vfu-zdLvfu
zLmf sn bfvD ˆ nQnfv dHksv.«
6- öfmD kfv ²ÃDsj mb-iafB dlsq Hfstfshsn Kfsj. pKfnfLA …Ùm zfrfv-hnsbv
hAh²¿f jsv Kfsj. khcW Û¢de öfHfdhj. dj§Â nfmfbA Û¢de slsJ nm²À …ijfv,
…irfv W iaDdk-Hfstfhfnfsj Hcst pfWqf bfvDv nrufk iajxdk. djYc dw[f hf
wfnsbv jKf htst msb jsv, öfmD kfsj sjfbdlb Hfstfhfsn bf. öfmDv zjxkÎkf
iajfw jsv kfv msb dblfv¢B hAKf dlsq Kfsj. ˆde ˆmb ˆjde jmG pfv ubAW
smsqvf icv¢Nslv sysq zdLj nQJAfq ufrfâfmhfdnbD rsh. (hc}, mc}, dm} 19 bQ)
diaq bhD  hstb, ªzfïfr snƒ vmBDv dlsj kfdjsqW slsJb bf (slJshb bf) sp
kfv öfmDv jxkÎkf öDjfv jsv bf, zKy sn öfmDv mcJfsid[bD. (bf}, dnn} 289bQ)
zfnstƒ `smsq stfsjv ˆmdb öHfh, rfufv dlstW pfq bf zHfh.'
7- ²ÃD rq nQnfsvv vfbD. öfmDv Lb-n©il nhGnQnfv rq kfv vfuk¶ ˆhQ öfmDv
zfmfbkW. kfƒ kfv pKfKG drIfpk jvf ˆhQ pKf²¿fsb ndEjHfsh kf hAq jvf ²ÃDv
jkGhA. zbAfqHfsh sofisb hAq jvf, kfv dhbf zbcmdksk lfb jvf hf zfk¹Dq-
öubsj …isTZjb slWqf zfmfbskv sJqfbk. ˆmb ²ÃD icBAmqD bq; hvQ sJqfbk-
jfdvBD. zhwA öfmD hAqjcØ jxiB rst ˆhQ ²ÃD W n§Àfsbv ubA pKfKG Jvyfdl bf
dlst, ²ÃD sofisb wcLc kkecjcƒ dbsk ifvsh pkecjc dbst kfv W kfv n§Àfsbv
iasqfub dmefsbfv ubA psKó rsh. ˆv shwD dbst zShL mft sbWqf rsh. (ƒv}
2646bQ,Im} 92ix})
zhwA öfmD lfbwDt rst ˆhQ lfsbv ubA nfLfvB zbcmdk Kfjst ²ÃD pdl kfv
zbcid²¿dksk lfb jsv, kfrst …Hsqƒ nmfb nWqfshv zdLjfvD rsh. (hc}, mc}, zflf},
dk}, ƒmf}, iaHxdk, nkf} 926-930bQ)
8- öfmDv dhbf zbcmdksk hfƒsv, mfsjGe, dhsqhfdV, mVfhfdV ƒkAfdl bf pfWqf
idkHdÙÁv idvyq. ˆmbdj mndusl (ƒmfsmv iÇyfsk mdrtf ufmfzfsk) bfmfp
iVsk sostW öfmDv zbcmdk yfƒ. (zfdb} 1/275-276) ˆƒ ivfLDbkfq zfsY mcdÙÁv
ivm öfl. mfkxsÛÁfV …si[f jsv UV-hxdó, wDk-oaDs®m spmb dwwc dbsusj dhisl
sIst, kf-ˆv sjft sYsV dFm spmb sOftf rsq pfq, dEj skmdb bfvDW öfmDv ˆƒ
sn´r-nDmfsj …ïQOb jsv dbsuv äDb W lcdbqf bó jsv.
v¢dysk pf v¢sy kfƒ pdl JfWqf ivf, htf, ytf rq ˆhQ v¢dysk pf hfsL kfƒ pdl bf
JfWqf, bf ivf, bf htf, bf ytf rq kfrst Sbdkjkfƒ hf dj? mfbdhjkfƒ hf dj?
kfW mfbcsNv v¢dyv hAfifv bq dj? kfrst Kfjt zfv dj? háb, wx£Jt W
nDmfhÝkf YfVf dj sjfb Sbdkjkf, sjfb wfd§À W ncJ zfsY?
i[f§Àsv ƒntfmD Sbdkjkf W oàD-nDmfv dHksv sKsjW bfvD jmG, yfjcvD W
…ifuGb jvsk ifsv. spJfsb äDsbv sjfb hfLf sbƒ, bfvDk¶ W nkDsk¶v sjfb zf]yV
sbƒ, snJfsb öfmDvW sjfb hfLf Kfjsk ifsv bf. mdrtf sjht mdrtf jmGs[sÛ, dwwc
W mdrtf dw[fÌsb zdIn hf dw[jkfv jfu, hfdVsk hsn dwwc W mdrtf sifNfsjv
lduGjfu zKhf sjfb rfskv dw¬ijfu hf mAfjfdbsjt jfu dldhA jvsk ifsv; pfsk
ivicv¢sNv nfsK sjfb nQn»hƒ sbƒ. zbAKf iv icv¢sNv ifwfifdw jmGs[sÛ
zhfLHfsh dmstdmsw jmG jvf bfvD öfLDbkf bq, hvQ bfvDv rDbkf ˆhQ öfmDv
lDbkf. (Im} 103ix}, kfmc} 131-133ix} )
zhwA pfvf öfmDv ivm ncJ W Hfstfhfnf sisq LbA rsqsY kfvf sjfb dlb ‰ njt
yfjcvD mvDdyjfv iÇyfsk Ycse bf. spJfsb utëm ialwGb jsv bfvDsj icv¢Nslv
jmGs[sÛ zfjNGB jsv ˆsb kfvf bfvDsjƒ utJfhfv hfdbsq Kfsj. Osvv W hfƒsvv
…Hq jfu …Hqsjƒ jvsk rst ncJ sjfKfq? ˆƒ zh²¿fq n§Àfb-n§Àdkv tftb
iftb W kvdhqk sjfsÚsj sjmb jsv rsh?
htfƒ hfùtA sp, LmG W Sbdkjkfsj jhv dlsq …¤y dwd[kf rsq, iadkdôkf rsq,
yfjcvD jsv smfef efjf …ifuGb jsv, öfmDv skfqfÄf bf jsv, ifdKGh ncJ tcef
sHfohflD, h²ÂhflD ˆhQ ivjfst zdhÇhfdnbDslv t[A. i[f§Àsv LmG W bDdk-
Sbdkjkf hufq svsJ ifdKGh dhNqfdl ivjfst dhw¶fdnbD mcndtm bfvDv …it[A mfÛ.
mcntmfsbv mCt t[A rt ivjft. mcndtm lc'dlsbv ncJösi´ n§Âó bq. sn yfq
dyv²¿fqD …isHfoA zb§À ncJ. ˆ ubAƒ di»q bhD  lczf jvskb,
(‫ﻋ ْﻠ ِﻤ َﻨ ﺎ‬ ْ ‫ ) َو َﻻ َﺗ‬zKGf{, lcdbqfsj zfmfslv hxrÙm dy§Àfv
ِ ‫ﺠ َﻌ ْﻞ اﻟ ﱡﺪ ْﻧ َﻴَﺎ َأ ْآ َﺒ َﺮ َه ﱢﻤ َﻨ ﺎ َو َﻻ َﻣ ْﺒ َﻠ َﻎ‬
dhNq ˆhQ zfmfslv Îfsbv swN nDmf (mCt t[A) jsv dlW bf. (dk} 3497bQ)
9- öfmDv zbcmdk bf rst kfv …id²¿dksk ²ÃD bIt svfpf vfJsk ifsv bf. spsrkc
kfv nfQnfdvj jsmG hf spZb-ncsJ hfLf iVst zfïfr sn svfpfq vfpD bb. (hc}, mc}, nkf}
927bQ)
10- sjfb dhNsq öfmD vfofd¦hk rst ²ÃD dhbDkf rsq bDvh Kfjsh. bsy{ ƒ]sev
hlst ifesjt Y]cVst zfocsb sieºt iVsh. sp snfrfo jsv, kfv wfnb jvfv
zdLjfv zfsY. zfv ˆ wfnb ²ÃD OfV sisk smsb dbsk hfLA rsh. Hct rst [mf
yfƒsh. spsrkc öfmD hqsn W mpGflfq hV. [mf iafKGbfq zimfb bq; hvQ mfbcsNv
mfb hLGmfb rq; ƒrjfst ˆhQ ivjfstW. kfYfVf zrQjfv W ŠÝskAv nfsK `shw
jsvdY, zk ifdvbf' ƒkAfdl hst zbmbDqkf iajfw nkD bfvDv LmG bq. nckvfQ
öfmDv vfsov zfocbsj zrQjfv W ŠÝskAv sieºt äfvf bq hvQ dhbsqv ifdb äfvf
dbhGfdik jvf …dyk.
diaq bhD  hstb, ªskfmfslv ²ÃDvfW ufâfkD rsh; sp ²ÃD zdLj iaBdqBD,
n§ÀfblfÛD, hfv-hfv Hct jsv hfv-hfv öfmDv dbje zfk¹nmiGBjfdvBD, pfv öfmD vfo
jvst sn kfv dbje ˆsn kfv rfsk rfk svsJ hst, zfidb vfdu (Efàf) bf rWqf
ipG§À zfdm Ocmfhƒ bf.« (dnn} 287 bQ)
bfvD rsq ˆjub icv¢sNv mb uq jvsk bf ifvf hV zfÇyspGv hAfifv! ªkcIfsb
rft Lvsk bfsv snƒhf sjmb sbsq, zfv mvslv mb spfofsk bfsv snƒ hf sjmb
smsq?!«
sJqft vfJfv dhNq sp, öfmD-²ÃDv mfsU dhs¤Yl Oefsk wqkfb hV k{iv. nmcsûv
…iv dbu dnQrfnb sisk mfbcNsj dhëf§À jvsk kfv `s±iwft sIfnG' ifdEsq slq.
nhsysq sp hV dI{bf nxdó jvsk ifsv snƒ rq kfv zdLj SbjeAiafå. sj dj
jsvsY kfv drnfh sbq ƒhtDn. i»skAsj ˆsn hst, `zfdm zmcj jsvdY, zfdm zmcj
jsvdY. (ycdv, hAdHyfv, rkAf iaHxdk nQOeb jsvdY). dj§Â ƒhtDn hst, `djYcƒ
jvdb kcdm!' zk}iv pJb ˆjub hst `zfdm öfmD-²ÃDv mfsU vfofvfdo nxdó jsv
…Hsqv mfsU dhs¤Yl Odesq sYsVdY' kJb wqkfb …sE ˆsn kfsj zfdtÌb jsv
hst, `r]Af, kcdmƒ jfsuv hAfef jfu jsvY!' (mc} 2813bQ) nckvfQ vfsov nmq
wqkfbsj nrfqkf W sJfw jvf zhwAƒ sjfb mcndtm l©idkv jfu bq.
11- idkiafBf bfvDv nlf dy§Àf öfmDv msbfncJ, kfv ivm zfb¦l W JcwD. spsrkc
kfv zfbs¦lƒ ²ÃDv ivmfb¦l. öfmDv zfb¦l bf rst dbsuv zfb¦l j¬ibfƒ jvsk
ifsv bf ²ÃD. hfƒsv sKsj svfsl-ovsm ˆst ök}±ICkGHfsh kfv nfmsb ifdb siw
jvf, rfWqf jsv slWqf ƒkAfdl nkDv LmG. kfYfVf öfmD nftfm dlsq pJb hfdV iashw
jsv, kJb …Ùv dlsq rfdnmfJf WôfLsvv ±iwG …irfv pdl …Hsq dhdbmq jsv, ksh
ˆv mk lf©ikA ncJ zfv zfsY sjfKfq?
ªnQnfv ncsJv rq vmBDv ÈsB
vmBD nc¦lv rq nkDk¶ v[sB.«
ˆmdbskƒ ²ÃD öfmDv ubA rsq Kfjsh Ice§À softfi. idv°jfv-idv¤Yâkfq,
zÌnÏf ˆhQ shwHCNfq öfmDv y[cwDkt jvsh. snZ¦lpG W snZvsH Hvf softfsiv
dlsj ˆjhfv kfdjsq spmb mb-iafB zfjxNAmfB rq, dEj skmdb rsh öfmDv mb kfv
²ÃDsj slsJ. öfmD-²ÃDv ˆ ivm ncJ Kfjst, sjfb bfvD nQoEb hf bfvD-öfLDbkf W
bfvD-mcdÙÁv zfs¦lftsbv iasqfubƒ sbƒ.
bfvD-icv¢sNv mLcv nrfh²¿fb W mLcv dmtsb ivm ncJ, ˆƒ wfd§Àƒ ivm wfd§À. dj§Â
ˆmb öoDGq nQnfv zfsY jqef?
ªsjfKfq sost kfsv ifƒ?
pfv tfdo ˆ dhwft dhsw¶ bfƒ smfv sjfb wfd§À bfƒ.«
htfƒ hfùtA sp, sp öfmD kfv ²ÃDv iaofP Hfstfhfnf ifq, dhisl nf§À¶bf, jsó
snhfpkµ, spZhsb ivm dmtb ifq, vfo-zbcvfo hf zdHmfb jvst pfsj kfv ²ÃD
mfdbsq sbq ˆmb öfmDv mk snZHfoAhfb öfmD zfv sj rsk ifsv? dikf-mfkfv lczf
W ²ÃDv siasmƒ skf vsqsY öfmDv iajxk siZv¢N. ˆmb bfvD bf rst icv¢sNv uDhb hxKf.
ªsiasmv iadkmf sn´srv nfov
jv¢Bf-dbUGv lqfv blD,
rk mv¢mq nh yvfyv
uosk bfvD bf Kfdjk pdl.«
öfmDsj n§Âó W vfuD jvhfv ubA ƒntfm ˆj iajfv dmKAf htfsjW ²ÃDv ubA ShL
jsvsY. ²ÃDv msb pkecjc idvmfB öfmDv Hfstfhfnf hkGmfb, öfmDsj zdLj JcwD jvfv
ubA kfv däocB Hfstfhfnf mcsJ iajfw jvf, hvQ öfmDv sjfb jcöHfshv jfvsB
Hfstfhfnfq zfdhtkf ˆstW kf sofib jsv öfmDsj pdl kfv iafBTftf Hfstfhfnfv
jKf dmKAf j'sv h'st ufbfq kfrst kf slfsNv bq. ksh kfv jmG spb ˆ jKfv
znkAkf iamfB bf jsv.
Jch jmnQJAj idvhfvƒ ˆmb zfsY pfslv lf©ikA zbfdht siasmv dHdÙsk
iadkdôk. bsy{ zdLjfQw nQnfvƒ kfsnv Ov. iafq nh nQnfsvv ofdVƒ yst efsb,
bsy{ sEtfq. shwDv Hfo lf©ikAƒ n§Àfb, ƒntfm zKhf nfmfduj, Sbdkj bkchf
sjfb zbA yfsiv Ist de]sj Kfjsk hfLA rq. nckvfQ ˆ s[sÛ pdl öfmD-²ÃD …Hsq
…Hqsj smfseƒ Hfstf bf hfnstW pdl `Jch Hfstfhfdn' hst ˆj zivsj vfuD jsv
nQnfv dedjsq vfJsk yfq, ksh kf dmKAf bq.(dInc} 2/185) ksh rA]f, ˆ dmKAf spb
zbA …sÜswA, sLfjf ialfb hf zdLjfv bó jvfv …sÜswA öfmDsj htf bf rq. bsy{
sn dmKAf iamfdBk rst nfmfbA siasmvW dwwmrtecjc sHsM ycvmfv rsq pfsh.
12- öfmDv nQnfsv kfv dikfmfkf W shfbslv ndrk näAhrfv jvf ²ÃDv zbAkm
jkGhA. öfmDv mf-hfi W shfbsj dbsuv mf-hfi W shfb LfvBf jsv nQnfsvv iaskAj
jfu kfslv ivfmwG dbsq jvf, pKfnfLA kfslv dJlmk jvf ˆhQ kfslv (ShL)
zfslw-dbsNL smsb ytf icBAmqD nfL¶D bfvDv jkGhA.
13- dbsuv ˆhQ zbcv™i öfmDv n§Àfb-n§Àdkv tftb-iftb, kvdhqk W dw[f
slWqf ²ÃDv dwsvfLfpG jkGhA. ˆv ubA kfsj SLpG, S²¿pG, jv¢Bf W sn´srv iK zhtìb
jvf ˆjf§À …dyk. dhswN jsv öfmDv nfmsb n§Àfsbv …iv vfo bf UfVf, ofdtm¦l,
hÜczf W mfvLv bf jvf ²ÃDv zflshv idvyq. kfYfVf hÜczf jvf rfvfm. zfv kf
jhct rst dbsuv sYstvƒ [dk. (zflf}, mfmc} 176ix})
²ÃDv …dyk, n§Àfb-n§Àdksj idhÛkf, idv¤Yâkf, n¤ydvÛkf, hDvk¶, nQpmwDtkf,
dhNq-dhkxòf, äDb-siam, bAfq-dbôf, zfïfr-HDv¢kf, iaHxdk mr{ocsBv …iv
iadkifdtk W iadkdôk jvf. jfvB,
mfsqv rfskƒ oVsh mfbcN mf pdl sn nkA rq
mf-ƒ skf ˆ ufrfsb iajxk dhÇhdhlAftq.
ˆƒ mf-ƒ skf ivmf, nÙmf. ˆƒ mfsqv ilkstƒ ufâfskv zfwf jvf pfq. ˆƒ mf
kfv n§Àfbsj ˆmb mfbcN jsv kctsh; pfsk kfvf h]fysh ƒntfm dbsq W ƒntfsmv
ubA ˆhQ mvsh skf kfvƒ isK. pfslv mfLAsm nmfsu nfdLk rsh iaHCk jtAfB. ˆvf
rsh kfvfƒ, pfslvsj dbsq vnCt  djqfmsk ohG jvshb.
öfmD-²ÃDv spZK zdLjfv}-

1- hAhrfdvj zdLjfv}-
iv±iv iv±ivsj [mfv busv slJsh. Hct rWqf mfbcsNv nrufk iajxdk. mfbcN
sp jfu jsv sn jfsuƒ dbsusj zsbj nmq ëf§À v™si ifq. dj§Â kJb dbsusj skf
wfd²À slWqf pfq bf. hVsufv zfs[i jvf pfq. nckvfQ öfmD-²ÃD pdl …Hsqv lcƒ mb
ˆhQ lcƒ zLGfÌ dmst ˆj slsrv mk dbsuslvsj msb jvsk ifsv kshƒ `pk Hct
rsh Ict Hfstfhfnfsk.'
zbcv™i ˆsj zivsj JcwD jvsh, zfïfrv zfbcoskAv …islw slsh, nQnfsvv
spZK lfdqk¶ iftb jvsh, sj… jf…sj jfsvf nfmsb tdÏk jvsh bf, jfsvf vrnA W
ocå Û¢de i»jfw jvsh bf. sj… jfsvf ocå slfsNv jKf dbsuv zfk¹Dqslv dbje I]fn
jvsh bf.
2- ShNdqj zdLjfv}-
ˆsk öfmDv dikf ²ÃDv ubA ˆhQ ²ÃDv mfkf öfmDv ubA zfib dikf-mfkfv bAfq
rsq pfq. ˆv Ist zfsifsn dhhfr rfvfm rq. öfmD-²ÃD ˆsj zisvv Wqfsvn rq.
nhGswN W iaLfb zdLjfv rt …Hsqv ƒ¤Yf W JcwDmk ˆsj zisvv slr hAhrfv W
(ShLHfsh) dyv spZbkxdå zföflb.
icv¢sNv HfsoA nfLfvBk} dkb iajfv ²ÃD sufse}-
1- jfsvf HfsoA sufse iaHc! Ist sn ²ÃDv dbje S²ÃB rq. dbrfkƒ dhdhv softfm
rsq kfv zf]yt Lsv nQnfv jsv. dhdh spmb hst dEj skmdb yst. lfdVsj `dY}'
jvst yeX j'sv oft skt ifvf jsv. dnsbmfq pfWqfv hfqbf Lvst wkJcwD rsq ²ÃDv
iÇyfsk iÇyfsk yst. äDb dwJsk, dtJfiVf jvsk hfLf dlst kfƒ mfsb. mf-hfisj
slJsk mfbf jvst kfƒ swfsb. Osv Kfsj sn, zfv hfufv jsv dhdh. mfY Lsv sn,
Hfo jsv dhdh! zfïfrv zhfLAfyvB jsvW dhdhv hfLA sKsj ncJfbcHh jsv. sjfb
dhNsq ²ÃDsj wfnb jvfv jKf j¬ibfƒ jvf pfq bf, …s¬e snƒ öfmDsj l²Âvmk
wfdnsq Kfsj; ˆmb smsq sjfdjthLC rq, ˆmbdj dbsuvW pkµ sbq bf sn.
ˆmb ²ÃD öfmDsj pf hst öfmD kf L»¢h nkA hst smsb kfsj dIdvñfv mk dhÇhfn
jsv ˆhQ pfv dhv¢sÝ hst kfsj ifjf lcwmb msb jsv. öfmDv nc²¿ dhshjsj
ˆsjhfsv rum jsv sIst. sjfb Hct rst jKfq ˆhQ jJbW Sldrj zfOfkW dlsq
Kfsj öfmDsj! zKy ˆmb sofshyfvD mcndtm rst snƒ jó slsJ kfv shsrñD ²ÃD
(ùv)oB ‰ ²ÃDsj zdHwfi dlsq htsk Kfsj `Wsj jó dlnX bf, zfïfr skfsj L¶Qn
jv¢j! W skf skfv dbje j'dlbjfv smrmfbmfÛ. zlCv HdhNAsk skfsj sYsV W
zfmfslv jfsY ˆsn pfsh.« (dk}, ƒmf, iaHxdk,zfdp 284ix})
ˆmb nQnfsv wfd§À sjfKfq? jKfq hst, `vfufv slfsN vfuA bó iauf jó ifq, zfv
bfvDv slfsN nQnfv bó wfd§À yst pfq.'
2- jfsvf HfsoA ²ÃD rq dbrfkƒ yvsBv lfnD. Icehstv mk sp dlsjƒ tfdK Jfq sn
dlsj odVsq pfq. jk dbpGfkb nrA jsv lfnDv mkƒ. öfmD YfVf öfmDv mf-shfbW
kfsj jó dlsq Kfsj. `skfmfv ubA lfnD zfbsk yttfm mf' jKfsj hf²Àhfqb jsv
öfmD. nmsq sJsk ifq bf jfsuv yfsi, nc¦lv ivsk ifq bf jKfv syfse. zKy ²ÃDv
…iv jkxGk¶ KfjstW zShL jkxGk¶ sbƒ. ˆv ubAW uhfhdldr jvsk rsh öfmDsj.
3- kxkDq iajfv ²ÃD öfmDv ubA zsi[fjxk hsqfjdbô hác. ˆmb ²ÃDv dbje öfmD
waÝf W nmDr ifq, HdÙÁ W Hfstfhfnf ifq, ivfmwG W nlcislw ifq. ˆƒ rt snƒ
zflwG ²ÃD, pfv ubA rflDn wvDsI htf rsqsY ªuoskv nhsysq swaô n©il.« (nuf}
3413bQ)
diaq bhD  hstb, ªicv¢sNv ubA ncJ W snZHfsoAv dhNq rt yfvde; nfL¶D bfvD,
iaw²À hfdV, n{ iadkshwD ˆhQ nyt nWqfvD (ofdV). zfv lcJ W lcHGfsoAv dhNqW
yfvde; zn{ i»dkshwD, znkD ²ÃD, zyt nWqfvD (ofdV) ˆhQ nQjDBG hfdV. (dnn} 282bQ)
ªsnZHfsoAv ²ÃD snƒ; pfsj slsJ öfmD mcÊ rq. nQnfv sYsV hfƒsv sost ²ÃD W kfv
n©islv hAfifsv dbdÇy§À Kfsj. zfv lcHGfofv ²ÃD rt snƒ; pfsj slsJ öfmDv mb dkÙÁ
rq, sp öfmDv …iv duH tìf jsv (tfbkfb jsv) ˆhQ nQnfv sYsV hfƒsv sost ‰
²ÃD W kfv n©islv hAfifsv sn dbdÇy§À rsk ifsv bf.« (‰ 1047bQ)
ndkAƒ skf `YAf]lf Ode syfvf ofƒ, syfv iVwD, LCkG Hfƒ. mCJG sYst, ²ÃD bó, ˆ jqde
hV jó.'
…ipcÙÁf ²ÃDv hAhrfv njt zdLjfsvv †sL¶G. lfhDv hfƒsv zdkdvÙÁ kfv lfb. öfmDv
ubA kAfo öDjfv jvsk kfv sjfb däLf sbƒ. kfv msb-iafsB wcLc ˆƒ LfvBfƒ Kfsj}-
ªisvv jfvsB öfKG dlqf hdt
ˆ uDhb mb njdt lfW,
kfv mk ncJ sjfKfW dj zfsY?
zfibfv jKf Hcdtqf pfW.«
ˆƒ skf idkhakf nkD. ìdk snhfq Kfsj mdk, kshƒ kfsj hdt nkD.' öfmDv
dJlmk rq kfv hak. ˆmb ²ÃDƒ rq hV SLpGwDtf. sp rfst öfmDv nfsK Kfsj snƒ
rfstƒ zfïfrv wcjXv W iawQnf jsv. öfmD ncw»D bf rstW dbu Hfo W HfoA dbsq
n§Âó rq. SLspGv It hV dmEf. SLpG W nhv ˆj zmCtA n©il. pÜ¶fvf LbD bf rstW
LbDv mk uDhb-pfib jvf pfq. nhv W wcjXsvv Ist …Hq uosk vkµtfH rq.
nhv 3 iajfv; zfïfrv Ivpjxk jmGnmCsrv …iv nhv W SLpGLfvB; kf bó bf
jvf. k]fv dbdNÝ rfvfsmv …iv SLpGfhtìb; kfsk dtå bf rWqf. zfv k]fv dtdJk
kjlDsvv …iv SLpGLfvB; kfskƒ n§Âó Kfjf ˆhQ kfv …iv [cé bf rWqf. pfv msLA
ˆƒ dkb iajfv nhvƒ dhlAmfb sn IjDv rstW vfuf. ovDhD rft rstW nhv W
wcjXsvv hst kfv mb Kfsj nht.
ˆ ²ÃDv msb sjfb zdHspfo sbƒ. jfvB, spmb öfmD, spmb w¶wcv-wfwcVD W spmb
w¶wcvhfdV sn sisqsY kf kfv HfsoAv dudbn.
…kXhD hstb, ªˆjlf hnvfv ˆj vf²Àfq iK ytdYtfm. idKmsLA slJtfm, ˆj
ziChGf nc¦lvD ˆjub jcwaD hxsÝv nfsK …irfn W rfnfrfdnv nfsK jKf htsk htsk
iK ytsY. zfdm pchkDv dbjehkDG ˆsn duÎfnf jvtfm, `‰ stfjde skfmfv sj?'
htt, `zfmfv öfmD.' zfdm zhfj rsq kfsj httfm, `skfmfv ˆk nc¦lv v™i-spZhb
Kfjf nsÙ¶W ‰ jcwaD hxÝsj dbsq dj jsv nQnfv jv?! êf nkAƒ zfÇypGubj
hAfifv!!'
dj§Â mdrtfde zfmfsj …Ùv jvt, `kfsk dj zfsY? n©Hhk} …db zfmfv mk
nc¦lvD sisq zfïfrv wcjXv zflfq jvsYb. zfv zfdm …bfv mk jcwaD sisqW nhv
jsv zfdY. zfv wcjXvjfvD ˆhQ nhvjfvD …Hsq ufâfkhfnD rsh! zfïfr zfmfv
HfsoA pf ucdesqsYb kf sisq n§Âó rWqf …dyk bq dj?!'
ˆƒ uhfsh zfdm rkhfj rtfm. zk}iv djYc bf hst ia²¿fb jvtfm.«
ˆmb uhfh ndkAƒ ˆj mc'dmbf bfvDv. i[f§Àsv jfsvf ²ÃDsj zbcv™i iastfHb,
jcm§ÃBf W IcnXm§Àv dlsq kfv nQnfv bó jvf zhwAƒ sjfb mfbcsNv jfu bq; kfv
iÇyfsk Kfsj wqkfb. iv§Â diaq bhD  hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ jfsvf ²ÃD zKhf
ÛÁDklfnsj kfv (öfmD hf iaHcv dhv¢sÝ) iasvfdyk jsv sn zfmfslv ltHcÙÁ bq.«
(zflf}, bf}, kczf} 146-147ix})
zhwA sp l©idk kjlDsv iCBG „mfb vfsJ kfvf sjfb dlb dhydtk rq bf.
ˆmb l©idk mc'dmb l©idk. ˆmb ydvÛhfB zflwG l©idkv t[B; tÏfwDt rq,
zivsj sjfb iajfv hAKf slq bf. wfd§À W wx£JtkfjfmD rq. isvfijfvD W
drkfjf£JD rq. nkAhflD, dmkHfND, dmóHfND, SLpGwDt, jxkÎ, zs¬i kcó, nrbwDt,
zÌDjfv iftbjfvD, zfmfbklfv, nQpmD, duskd¦laq, Hla, dwófyfvD, dhbqD,
dn¹kmcsJf rq.
jf…sj tfbkfb hf zdHwfi jsv bf, wDkt smufuD rq. jf…sj oftfofdt jsv
bf, jfsvf ycotD, tfofb-Hfufb, jfsvf oDhk, ivyyGf, ivdb¦lf jsv bf. zLDv rq
bf. drQncse, hJDt, ivwaDjfkv rq bf. sp zfïfrv ubA nh djYcsj iY¦l jsv W
Hfstfhfsn, kf]vƒ ubA njt djYcsj OxBf jsv W m¦l hfsn. kf]vƒ n§ÂótfsHv
…sÜswA n§Âó W vfofd¦hk rq.
…mfv dhb JfÙfh  hstb, `bfvD dkb iajfv; iaKm iajfv bfvD; pfvf rq nvtmkD,
nkD ˆhQ zfk¹nmiGBjfdvBD, zsKGv hAfifsv öfmDsj nfrfpA jsv, öfmDv zsKGv
ziyq Oesk slq bf. däkDq iajfv bfvD n§Àfsbv zfLfv. zfv kxkDq iajfv bfvD rt
nQjDBG shdV; zfïfr sp hf¦lfv ubA ƒ¤Yf kfv olGfsb kf tedjsq slb.' (zft ƒjlct
IfvDl 6/112)
ˆƒ Lvsbv ²ÃDvf rt öfmDv otfv ofh. ˆvf sjht `rfm jsv Jfq zfv Lcm jsv
swfq.' ˆslv bf zfsJvfskv dy§Àf Kfsj, zfv bf-ƒ lcdbqfv sjfb dy§Àf!
ˆj iajfv ²ÃD zfsY; pfvf öfmDv zfslw-iftsb odVmdn, jc]sVdm W oqQo¤Y jsv.
hvQ kfv sn ùjcm kf'mDt bf jvsk hfrfbf sJ]fsu. jJsbf hf bfj dn]esj …si[fW
jsv hsn. däkDq iajfv ²ÃD; pfvf zfslw swfbfmfÛ dbsmsN iftb jsv. sjfb iajfsvv
Wuv siw hf odVmdn jsv bf, kfvf ùjcsm rfduv rq. dj§Â zfv ˆj iajfv öfmD-
iafBf ²ÃD zfsY; pfvf ùjcsmv zfwf jsv bf. ùjcsmv iCshG öfmDv iasqfub zbcmfb jsv
iCBG jsv vfsJ.
zbcv™i öfmDW dkb iajfv. swsNfsÙÁv l©idkv sp öoDGq ncJ uoskƒ …isHfo rq
kf j¬ibfkDk!
Ov-nQnfv
bhhLC pJb nQnfsv zfsn kJb sn ˆsjhfsv zidvdykf zbdHÎf Kfsj. nfQnfdvj
jfsu Kkmk JfWqf kfv öfHfdhj. sjfb jfu dEjHfsh bf ifvfefƒ iajxdk. jfvB
njst mfsqv hfdV sKsj ifjf doâD rsq w¶wcvftq zfnsk ifsv bf, kfYfVf dwd[kf
rst skf smfseƒ bf. jfvB, kfv zdLjfQw nmq dw[ftfsHƒ hAq rsq Kfsj. kfƒ
wfwcVD-bbslv …dyk, kf smsb dbsq bhhLCsj sn´srv nfsK jfu dw[f slWqf, nQnfv
hcdUsq slWqf. j]fsL su]fqft dlstƒ sp nh ov¢ ofdV efbsh kf bq. zkˆh bhhLCv
i»dk sjfb i»jfv H{Gnbf, jef[ W hAsÌfdÙÁ hAhrfv jvf ˆhQ ˆ dbsq kfv nfmsb
kfv mf-hfisj oÓbf slWqf mfbdhj JfdksvW …dyk W ShL bq.
kfYfVf bhhLC hfdVsk ˆst kfsj dbsuv smsq hst msb jvf w¶wcv-wfwcVDv
jkGhA. `shef lfnD ˆsbsY' msb jvf rDb stfsjslv idvyq. iv§Â ˆƒ nmq kfv
jmG[mkf, jmGieckf W jmGdbicBkf slJfv nmq bq. iaKmk} slJfv nmq W dhNq
rt shef-h… ˆv siam, kfslv msbv dmt. r™lsqv zflfb-ialfsbv ncspfo dlsq
kfslv msLA iaofP Hfstfhfnf ˆst ksh zbA djYc dhyfpG. bsy{ Ov Tcjskƒ yfst
mfKf tfost bhhLC öHfhk}ƒ OfhsV pfsh. zfv ˆv ubA lfqD rsh hfdVv jÛDG.
iaDdkrDb nQnfsv hLCdbpGfkb yst. spJfsb öfmD kfv siZv¢N sJsq hsn. sj… Hfstf
bf hfnstW pdl öfmDƒ sjht Hfstfhfsn, kfrstW sjfb iajfv syfJ hcsu nrA jsv
ncdlsbv zfwf jvf pfq. dj§Â kfv jfsYW dbvfw rst ²ÃDv zfv sjfbX iK sJftf
Kfsj? njt iK há slsJ zhswsN ifi W zfk¹rkAfv iK shsY dbsk hfLA rq.
w¶wcv-wfwcVDv dJlmk hLC nfLAmk jvsh. dj§Â nmq W idvd²¿dk bf hcsUƒ
dJlmskv (ofsq skt, ifsq skt sbWqfv) zfjf£[f W kf ˆjf§À zdLjfv msb jsv
Kfjstƒ jtsrv äfv …¦mcÙÁ rsq zfsn.
öfmDv r™lsq ²ÃDv zfnb ixKj. dikf-mfkfv zfnb dHâ. njtsj ö-ö zdLjfv
ialfb jvsk icv¢Nsj siZv¢sNv hV jsEfv ivD[fv n©mcJDb rsk rq. ²ÃDv jKf dbsq
spmb mf-hfsiv …iv JfmfJf Jfæf rWqf ShL bq, skmdbƒ mf-hfsiv jKf wcsb ²ÃDv
…iv bfrj zkAfyfv ShL bq. ˆƒ …Hq nËsev OCBGfhskG icv¢Nsj dbsuv dhshj
ˆhQ wvDqskv nfrfpA dbsk rq. sofisb ²ÃDsj nf§À¶bf dlsq mf-hfsiv (slfN rstW)
kfslv hfrAk} hfLA rsq Kfjfƒ swaq}. ksh ˆjf§À nDmfrDb idvd²¿dksk wvDqkƒ ˆv
Ifqnftf dlsk ifsv. mf-hfsiv jKfmk ytf Ivp rstW, bfrj hf zShL dbslGwmk
ytf rfvfm. zjfvsB ²ÃDsj kftfj dlsk htst kfslv jKf smsb kftfj slWqf mf-
hfsiv dJlmk W zfbcoskAv ipGfqHcÙÁ bq. (Imfmc} 2/756)
jkj mf-hfi zfsY pfvf kfslv sYst kfv ²ÃDsj Hfstfhfncj -kf yfq bf. i[f§Àsv
‰ Hfstfhfnfƒ zfhfv dbsuslv smsqv ubA kfslv ufmfsqv dbje sKsj zfwf jsv.
zkˆh dhbf slfsN dbYj drQnfq `slJsk tfdv ytb hf]jf' hst ²ÃDsj kftfj dlsk
htst sYstv sn ùjcm mfbf ShL bq. …Hqsj vfuD W wf§À jvf kfv jkGhA.
ˆj hAdÙÁ ƒmfm zfrmslv dbje ˆsn htt, `zfmfv hfi zfmfsj zfmfv ²ÃD
kftfj dlsk zfslw jvsY, zfdm dj jvh?' dkdb htstb, `kftfj dlW bf.'
stfjde htt, `rpvk …mfv k]fv sYst ƒhsb …mfvsj k]fv ²ÃD kftfj dlsk htst
zfïfrv vnCt k]fsj (ƒhsb …mfvsj) kftfj dlsk zfslw jsvbdb dj?' ƒmfm
zfrml htstb, `skfmfv hfiW dj …mfsvv mk?' jfvB, …mfv (vf}) jfsvf iadk
pctcm jvshb -kf j¬ibfv hfƒsv. rqskf dkdb ‰ smsqdev hAfifsv ˆmb djYc
ufbskb pfv jfvsB kftfj slWqf uv¢vD dYt. kfƒ bhD  ƒhsb …mfvsj k]fv
dikfv jKf zbcnfsv kftfj dlsk zfslw jsvdYstb. nckvfQ ²ÃDv öHfh m¦l rst
zhwAƒ mf-hfsiv jKfq kftfj dlsk rsh. (Imfmc} 2/755-756) zbcv™i htf pfq
rpvk ƒhvfrDm (zf})ˆv kf]v icÛ ƒnmf„tsj lvufv syZjfE hltfsk zfslw
jvfv hAfifsvW.
ncicv¢N nQnfsv dhshj dbsq yst. zkˆh `shfb Hfk ifqbf, zfv wftDv ifsk
smfàf' slWqf kfv …dyk bq. i[f§Àsv ²ÃDv lcbGfm vest kfsk sjfb dhyfv-dhshybf
bf jsvƒ kfv W kfv zfk¹Dqv iadk Jfæf rWqfW …dyk bq. nm²À nfmÓnA hufq
svsJ kfsj nQnfv-kvD zfso shsq dbsq spsk rq. dhswN jsv `h… HfÌst nvf,
rsh ifVf ifVf, zfv doâD HfÌst bflf, W djYc bq lflf' jKfv sJqft svsJ ˆmb
…ifq zhtìb jvsh; pfsk `nfiW msv ˆhQ tfdEW bf HfsÌ.' dj§Â rfq! spJfsb
dhshj dhshsjv jlv jsv bf, snJfsb zfv dj zfwf jvf pfsh?
hfdVv jKf hfƒsv sostƒ dhidÙ zdLj shsV pfq. drQncse wf]jycâDslv ivfmswG hf
jfb-HfMfdbsk wfwcVDv mb dhN rsq …sE. shilGf idvshswƒ ˆmb idvd²¿dk
zdLjkv nxdó rsq Kfsj.
dhdHâ …ibAfn W v™ijKfv siamjfdrbDsk sp jf¬idbj siam W Hfstfhfnfv hBGbf
ifWqf pfq öfmD-²ÃD hf w¶wcv-wfwcVD iv±isvv dbje sKsj snv™i zfwf jvst
zhwAƒ mb zfOfk ifsh; pf mrfHct. jfvB, jf¬idbj siam sjht j¬ibf W
sJqfstv uosk mfbcsNv mfbniseƒ dhyvB jsv. hf²Àhuosk kfv sjfb zd²Àk¶ W
…lfrvBƒ sbƒ, zfv KfjstW kf dhvt.
i[f§Àsv nQnfsv jtr rq zHfsh bsy{ öHfsh. lvuf dlsq nQnfsv zHfh iashw
jvst ufbftf dlsq siam-iaDdk-sn´r-mmkf nh tcdjsq itfqb jsv. zKG Kfjst hác
zsbj rq, iaDdkv …iv iaDdkv oDdk jfsb Uftf Lvfq. dj§Â zHfh slJf dlstƒ
nhfƒ zfib vf²Àf Lsv. mf-hfi, Hfƒ-hác ˆmb dj swsN ²ÃDW `YfVh-YfVh' rq.
ˆmb bf rst öHfhÈsBƒ ˆsj zisvv i»dk slfNfsvfi jsv jtr hfdLsq Kfsj.
zfdV ifkf smsqslv ˆj nrufk jc-zHAfn. ˆsk kfslv sj… jfsvf Jfdkv jsv
bf. iasqfubmk wfnb hf snfrfo bf sist ˆvf mfKfq …sE dosq nhGbfw zfsb. ˆ
nmnAfv nmfLfbW icv¢N dbsuv siZv¢N äfvf jvsk ifsv. dj§Â sp wfnbfLDbf bq
kfsj mfKf sKsj bfmfsh sj? zfïfrv Hq bf Kfjst nQnfsv wfd§Àv dhrÌ ²¿fqD bDV
h]fLsh djHfsh? kfYfVf jKfskƒ zfsY ìDv mfsb bf o]fsq, iDv mfsb bf mfsq. iDv
mfsb bf ov¢sk, iDv mfsb bf uv¢sk.' nckvfQ ov¢v mk dhshsjv mfKf JfWqf YfVf
n©mfbfsrGv nfsK zimfsbv zfyvB jvf nru bq.
Hfstfhfnf ˆmb ˆj h²Â pf ufk-ifk mfsb bf, wÛ¢kf mfsb bf. siadmjfv dikf
sOfv wÛ¢ rstW siadmj kfsj huGb jvsk ifsv bf. iafsBv hlstW kfsj …Ýfv jsv
zfsb. kfƒ skf w¶wcvhfdVv jfsvf ndrk jtr jsv zKhf wAftj kKf Hdoídk
zKhf kfv hfdVv stfj shfbsj u¶ftfq hst dbsuslv ²ÃDv …iv pfvf iadkswfLmCtj
dbpGfksbv v¢tfv yftfq kfvf dbÇyqƒ bDvn iafsBv siamrDb öfmD; pfvf siasmv mmG W
mCtA n©isjG ˆsjhfsv zÎ zKhf …lfnDb.
ªsysb kfrf siam, ufsb wcLc iafB-
sjfKf rsk zfsn ˆk zjfvsB iafsB-iafsB shlbfv efb.«
kfYfVf dhshjrDbkfv iadkswfsL dhshjrDbkf bq hvQ dhshj hAhrfv jvstƒ
nfItA tfH rq.
öfmD Hfstf rst ˆhQ w¶wcv-wfwcVD Hfstf bf rstW öfmD-ncsJv ubAƒ SLspGv nfsK
mdrtfv nQnfv jvf …dyk. jfvB, `öfmD-ncsJ hbhfn.' öfmDv ncJ Kfjst hsbW hfn
jvsk nkDv däLf sbƒ. bsy{ öfmD …lfnDb rst kfv ²ÃD dhLhfv mk uDhb-pfib
jsv.
idvswsN ˆjde jKf nQnfsvv njtsj sJqfst vfJf …dyk sp,
`zfsY ˆmb iChGfiv
njt Osv jKf§Àv,
kfsk dj sj… rq sof iv?
dbdkA djdkA dbdkA stEf
oxrLsmGv LmG snef,
Hfstfm¦l rq jKfef-
kf wcbst dj yst Ov?'
Ov ufmfƒ
icÛ sifNfv mk ufmfƒ sifNfv svWqfuW ˆjf§À dbv¢ifq hf wsJv s[sÛ sjfb
sjfb stfsj smsb Kfsj. zfv nfLfvBk} sjfb dbv¢ifq zKhf zflvstfHD pchjƒ
Ov-ufmfƒ dosq Kfsj. zhwA ƒntfsmv bDdk rt, öfmD kfv ²ÃD dbsuv jfsY vfJsh.
zKGf{ ²ÃDv HvB-sifNB W hfn²¿fsbv lfdqk¶ öfmDv …iv. (jc} 65/6) ˆv dhivDk
rst nfLfvBk} ItW dhivDk rq. zKGf{ äDblfvD bf Kfjst zKhf jm Kfjst ²ÃDƒ
öfmD snsu hsn. kfYfVf ˆjub ovDh stfj pdl LbDv smsq dhsq jsv ˆhQ kfvƒ
hfn²¿fb W HvB-sifNsB öfmD zbcoxrDk rq, kfrst sn ²ÃD ifq bf hvQ ifq ˆjub
wfnj. zfv kJb snƒ ufmfsqv zn©mfb, zbflv W zwfd§Àv jKf nDmf zdkÛÁm
jsv pfq. nmfsu Ov-ufmfƒ iansÌ sp njt iahfl iaydtk zfsY kf ˆ jKfvƒ
hf²Àhkf i»mfB jsv.
spmb htf rq, Òv-ufmfsqv mfb bfƒ.' Òv-ufmfƒvfƒ hl rq.' Òv-ufmfƒ
…Vbysàƒ rq. jfvB, Lb-mft kfv dbsuv jfmfƒ bq skf.'
`zfrmj bìv Yq,
sp isvv hfdV Ov ufmfƒ vq.'
`jfstf hfmb, jef wcla, sh]se mcntmfb,
Ov-ufmfƒ sifNAicÛ i]fyubfƒ nmfb!'
Òv ufmfsqv sifVfv mcJ,
mvf-h]fyf nmfb ncJ!'
`hfƒsvv ufmfƒ bcv¢t zftm, Osvv ufmfƒ bcsvf,
Hfk sJsq bfW bcv¢t zftm, Hfk sJsnsv bcsvf!'
`v¢sqv mcsVf jfô mcsVf lfW zfmfv ifsk,
zfsVv mcsVf Oxk mcsVf lfW ufmfsqv ifsk!'
`pf dYt zfmfbD-if§Àf mfsq-dUsq sJbc,
Ov-ufmfƒ wfmcv ksv Lfb wcjfsk dlbc!'
nckvfQ ˆmb nQnfsv sp ncJ sbƒ kf htfƒ hfùtA.
msbfmfdtbA
ªnQnfv nfosv lc}J-kvsÌv sJtf,
zfwf kfv ˆjmfÛ sHtf.«
dj§Â snƒ sHtf Fcsh sost zfv jfv dj nfLA? öfmD pdl ²ÃDsj bf yfq. kfv sjfb
Û¢dev jfvsB kfsj …si[f jsv ksh ²ÃD yfƒstW dj jvsk ifsv? mrfb zfïfr kfv
nmfLfb dlsqsYb}-
ª²ÃD pdl kfv öfmDv lchGAhrfv W …si[fv zfwËf jsv ksh kfvf zfsifn-db®idÙ
jvsk yfƒst kfslv sjfb slfN sbƒ. h²Âk} zfsifn jvf zdk …Ùm. (jc} 4/128) ²ÃD
dbsuv djYc zdLjfv dhnuGb dlsq ndáv mfLAsm öfmDv nQnoG oarB jvfƒ ˆjmfÛ iK.
dj§Â ²ÃD öfmDsj …si[f jvsk yfƒst ˆhQ öfmD kfsj iafB dlsq yfƒst kfv
nmfLfb dj? ²ÃDv ˆƒ …si[f pdl nQok jfvsB rq; zKGf{ öfmDv HvB-sifNB hf
nÌsmv zspfoAkf pKfKGHfsh iamfdBk rq zKhf zfsvfdik wkGfdl iftb bf jsv
Kfsj, kfrst ˆ dhNsq zfïfr hstb, ªksh pdl kfslv …Hsqv zfwQjf rq sp,
kfvf zfïfrv nDmfsvJf v[f jsv ytsk ifvsh bf ˆhQ skfmvf pdl zfwQjf jv sp
kfvf zfïfrv nDmfsvJf (hf²Àdhjƒ) v[f jsv ytsk n[m bq. ksh sn zh²¿fq ²ÃD
sjfb djYcv dhdbmsq (smfrv sIv{ hf zdkdvÙÁ djYc zKGlà dlsq) (öfmD sKsj)
db°jxdk sisk yfƒst kfsk (öfmD-²ÃDv) jfsvf ifi sbƒ. ˆ nh zfïfrv oàDnDmf.
zkˆh skfmvf kf t£Ob jsvf bf, zfv pfvf zfïfrv dbLGfdvk nDmf …ïQOb jsv
kfvfƒ zkAfyfvD.« (jc} 2/229)
nckvfQ öfmD smfrv sIv{ dbsq ²ÃDsj kftfj slsh. bf dlst ²ÃD jfuDv dbje
zdHspfo jsv `sJftf kftfj' dbsk ifsv.
i[f§Àsv ²ÃD pdl zjfvsB hf nfmfbA Û¢dev jfvsB; spmb ilGfq Kfjsk ifvsh bf
hst, öfmD tsu¦n djsb JfWqfq bf hst zKhf iAf¦e isv bf hst `sJftf' yfq ksh
kfv …iv ufâfskv ncodáW rfvfm. (zflf}, dk}, ƒdr}, nuf} 2706bQ)
diaq bhD  hstb, ªsJftf kftfj iafdKGbD ˆhQ dhhfr háb dYâjfdvBDvf mcbfdIj
smsq.« (bf}, hf}, zf}, dnn} 632bQ)
kftfj ShL rstW kf sjfb sJt-kfmfwf bq. ipGfå jfvB dhbf kftfj slWqf hf
sbWqfv …iv uhfhdldr jvsk rsh nQdw½ó njt hAdÙÁhoGsj.
i[f§Àsv ²ÃD ˆjf§À zhfLA rst öfmDv …dyk, iaKmk} kfsj nlcifsq …islw
slWqf W hcUfsbf. zfïfr W kf]v zfpfshv Hq ialwGb jvf. kfskW dhvk bf rst
kfv wpAfkAfo jvf. ksh j[ kAfo jvf …dyk bq. dj§Â wpAfkAfo jvfsj pdl ²ÃD
Hfstf msb jsv ˆhQ kfsk sjfb IttfH bf rq, kfrst ˆviv sn kfsj iarfv
jvsk ifsv. ksh syrfvfq bq hf ˆmb iarfv bq; pfsk sjse-Icse pfq. (zflf}) ˆsk
pdl ²ÃD öfmDv zbcokf rsq snfuf isK ˆsn pfq, kfrst zfv zbA sjfb dHâiK
zhtìb jvf (kftfj slWqf) öfmDv ubA …dyk bq. (jc} 4/34)
iajfw sp, öfmD-²ÃDv mfsU siam hf dhs¤Yl nxdó jvsk sjfb iajfv spfo-pflc ƒkAfdl
zdHyfv dÛÁqfv nfrfpA sbWqf ShL bq. jfvB pflc ˆj iajfv jcIvD. (Imfmc} 1/148)
4 mfn zsi[f jm nmsqv ubA öfmD kfv ²ÃDv dbje bf pfWqfv jnm sJsq snƒ
nmsqv dHksv ²ÃD-dmtb yfƒst jnsmv jfIXIfvf zflfq jvsk rsh. smqfl iCBG
jvst jfIXIfvf tfosh bf. i[f§Àsv 4 mfsnv zdLj nmsqv ubA ²ÃD-±iwG bf jvfv
jnm sJst jnsmv jfIXIfvf dlsq 4 mfsnv iCshGƒ ²ÃDv dbje pfWqf uv¢vD. bsy{ 4
mfn zdkhfdrk rsq sost ²ÃDv kftfj rsq pfsh hf ²ÃD jfuDv dbje zdHspfo jsv
öfmDsj kfv nQnsoG zfnsk zKhf kftfj dlsk hfLA jvsk ifvsh. zfïfr hstb,
ªpfvf dbsuslv ²ÃDv jfsY bf pfWqfv wiK („tf) jsv kfvf yfv mfn zsi[f jvsh;
zk}iv kfvf pdl dmst pfq, ksh dbÇyq zfïfr [mfwDt, ivm lqftc. zfv pdl
kfvf kftfjƒ dlsk nQj¬i jsv ksh zfïfr nhGswafkf, nhGÎ.« (jc} 2/226-227,
dInc} 2/178-179)
²ÃD iY¦l bf rst pdl öfmD kftfj slq, ksh ialÙ smfrv sn sIv{ ifsh bf. ²ÃD
`sJftf' dbst öfmD smfrv sIv{ ifsh. nckvfQ ˆƒ smfrv hf zdkdvÙÁ zKGlsàv
stfsH ²ÃDv …iv dbpGfkb yfdtsq kfsj `sJftf' dbsk hfLA jvf öfmDv ubA ShL bq.
ˆ hAfifsv mrfb zfïfr hstb, ªsr mcdmboB! sufv-uctcm jsv bfvDslv Wqfsvn
rWqf skfmfslv ubA rftft bq. skfmvf kfslvsj pf ialfb jsvY, kfv djqlQw
zfk¹nf{ jvfv (dIdvsq sbhfv) …sÜswA kfslv …iv …{iDVb jsvf bf (hf zfej
svsJf bf); pdl bf kfvf iajfwA zw½Dtkfq dtå rq.« (jc} 4/19)
dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªzfv pdl ˆj ²ÃDv ²¿st zbA ²ÃD oarB jvfvƒ ƒ¤Yf jv ˆhQ
kfslv ˆjubsj iaycv zKG dlsq Kfj, khcW kf sKsj djYcƒ oarB jsvf bf. skfmvf
dj dmKAf zihfl W iajfwA ififyvB äfvf kf oarB jvsh?« (jc} 4/20)
öfmDv ˆv™i lcvdHndá hcUf sost sn smfrv sIv{ ifsh bf. (dInc} 2/268)
öfmDv ubA ShL bq sp, sn dbYj uè jvf W jó slWqfv …sÜswA ²ÃDsj kftfj bf
dlsq tesj vfJsh. zfïfrv zfslw, ªkfslv …iv dbpGfkb hf hfVfhfdV jvfv
…sÜswA kfslvsj zfesj svsJf bf. sp hAdÙÁ ˆmb jsv sn dbsuvƒ [dk jsv. zfv
skfmvf zfïfrv dbslGwnmCrsj EfÕf-kfmfwfv h²Â msb jsvf bf.--.« (jc} 2/231)
hdbhbfW yvm ±iwGjfkv ipGfsq si]ZsY sost, iarfvfdl jsvW ²ÃD öfmDv zbcokf bf
rst zfv ˆj …ifq zfïfr hst dlsqsYb, ªpdl …Hsqv msLA dhsvfL zfwËf jv
ksh skfmvf ˆv (öfmDv) idvhfv rsk ˆjub W Wv (²ÃDv) idvhfv rsk ˆjub
nfdtn dbpcÙÁ jv; pdl kfvf …Hsq db®idÙ yfq ksh zfïfr kfslv msLA mDmfQnfv
zbcjCt zh²¿f nxdó jsv slshb.« (jc} 4/35)
ˆ …ifq Iti»nC bf rst dkÙÁmq uDhb sKsj db°jxdk sisk swN i§¿f rt kftfj.
diaq bhD  hstb, ªdkb hAdÙÁ lczf jsv dj§Â jhct rq bf; sp kfv zn{ ydvsÛv
²ÃDsj kftfj slq bf. sp ‡B dlsq nf[D vfsJ bf ˆhQ sp dbshGfLsj dbsuv zKG ialfb
jsv; zKy zfïfr hstsYb, ªskfmvf dbshGfLslvsj skfmfslv zKG ialfb jsvf bf.«
(jc} 4/2) (nuf} 3075bQ)
kftfj sjfb dhsLq jmG bq, hvQ ShL jmG. hV rkHfofvfƒ kftfsjv zfwaq dbsq
Kfsj. zfnst kftfj rt ƒmfvsu¦nD sosev mk. pJb yfdvdlsj zfÈb tfso ˆhQ
nm²À soe há rsq pfq, kJb dbv¢ifsq ‰ soe hAhrfv bf jvst uDhb h]fsy bf.
kftfj
²ÃD oHGhkD Kfjst zKhf idhÛf Kfjst ˆhQ ‰ idhÛkfq sjfb nÌm bf jsv
Kfjst ˆj kftfj slsh. (hc}, mc}) zfv ˆv hAfifsv lcƒ hAdÙÁsj nf[D vfJsh. (jc} 65/2,
nzflf} 1915bQ) zk}iv öfmD ²ÃDsj Ov sKsj spsk htsh bf ˆhQ ²ÃDW öfmD-oxr kAfo
jvsh bf. hvQ oHGjft hf dkb mfdnj ipG§À zsi[f jvsh. ˆƒ ƒÜskv mfsU ²ÃD
HvB-sifNBW ifsh. mrfb zfïfr hstb, ªsr bhD! skfmvf pJb skfmfslv ²ÃDslvsj
kftfj dlsk ƒ¤Yf jv kJb ƒÜskv iadk t[A svsJ kftfj dlW, ƒÜskv drnfh
svsJf ˆhQ skfmfslv i»dkiftjsj Hq jsvf. skfmvf Wslvsj öoxr rsk shv jsvf
bf ˆhQ WvfW spb sn Ov rsk shv bf rq; pdl bf Wvf dtå rq ±ió zw½Dtkfq. ˆ
rt zfïfrv dhLfb, sp zfïfrv dhLfb t£Ob jsv, sn dbsuvƒ …iv zkAfyfv jsv.
kcdm ufb bf, rqskf zfïfr ˆviv sjfb …ifq shv jsv slshb.' (jc} 65/1)
zk}iv Hct hcsU öfmDv mb W mskv idvhkGb Oest pdl ²ÃD kAfo jvsk bf yfq,
kfrst ƒÜskv dHksvƒ (dkb mfdnsjv iCshG iCshGƒ) kfsj dIdvsq dbsk ifsv. ksh
dIdvsq sbhfv nmqW lcƒ bAfqivfqB hAdÙÁsj nf[D vfJsh.
…sïJA sp, ²ÃD iakAfbDkf jvfv nmq kfv n©mdk uv¢vD bq. (mh} 9/66)
dj§Â mb hf mskv idvhGkb bf rst W ²ÃDsj kfv uDhb sKsj zfsvf lCv jvsk
yfƒst däkDq idhÛkfq däkDq kftfj slsh ˆhQ zbcv™i nf[D vfJsh. ˆvivW ²ÃD
öfmDoxr kAfo jvsh bf ˆhQ öfmDW kfsj shv jvsk ifvsh bf. iv§Â kfsj …kAÙÁ
jsv nQjse sItfW ShL bq. (jc} 65/6) ˆs[sÛ ²ÃDv …dyk, bfbf zÌnÏf W dhdHâ
siam-HdÌmf ialwGb jsv öfmDv mbsj dbsuv dlsj zfjNGB jvfv syóf jvf.
ˆJbW pdl mk idvhkGb rq, kfrst öfmD kfsj dIdvsq dbsk ifsv. bsy{
ˆsjhfsv dyvksv dhlfq jvsk yfƒst kxkDq idhÛkfq kxkDq kftfj dlsq dhhfr
dyvksv dhs¤Yl jvsh ˆhQ pKfdbqsm nf[D vfJsh. ˆviv ²ÃD öfmDoxr kAfo jvsh
zfv kfv ubA sjfb HvB-sifNB sbƒ. (dInc} 2/167)
kxkDq kftfsjv iv öfmD yfƒstW ²ÃDsj zfv dIdvsq zfbsk ifsv bf. bkcb smfrv
W dhhfr zfjslW bq. r]Af, ksh pdl ‰ ²ÃD sö¤Yfq däkDq dhhfr jsv, öfmD-nÌm
jsv ˆhQ sn öfmD sö¤Yfq kftfj slq zKhf mfvf pfq, ksh ƒÜskv iv icbvfq
iaKm öfmD bh-dhhfr-hásb ‰ ²ÃDsj dIdvsq zfbsk ifsv. ˆv iCshG bq. (jc} 2/230)
ˆ s[sÛ idvjd¬ikHfsh pdl sj… ‰ bfvDsj kfv öfmDv ubA rftft jvfv
…sÜswA dhhfr j'sv 2/1 vfdÛ nrhfn j'sv kftfj slq, khcW iChG öfmDv ubA sn
ShL rsh bf. jfvB, ˆjfu idvjd¬ikHfshƒ jvf rq ˆhQ ²ÃDW zsbj s[sÛ ˆ
jfsu vfuD Kfsj bf. iv§Â rflDn wvDsI ˆƒ rftftjfvD däkDq öfmDsj `Lfv jvf
N]fV W zdHwå htf rsqsY.' (ƒv} 6/309, ƒmf} 1936bQ, dm} 3296bQ)
i[f§Àsv ˆj zKhf lcƒ kftfj slWqfv iv dIdvsq bf dbst ˆhQ kfv hfjD ƒÜk
kftfj bf dlsq zdkhfdrk rst ²ÃD rfvfm rsq pfq dEjƒ; dj§Â kfvisvW pdl öfmD-
²ÃD icbvfq nQnfv jvsk yfq, ksh bkcb smfrv dlsq bkcbHfsh dhhfr (zfjXl)
iVfst ˆƒ icbdhGhfsr …Hsq ˆjdÛk rsk ifsv. zfv ˆ s[sÛ ‰ wfd²À sbƒ.
dj§Â iCshG sp ˆj zKhf lcƒ kftfj sn hAhrfv jsvsY, kf ‰ ²ÃDv is[ nQJAfq oBA
Kfjsh. nckvfQ lcƒ kftfj slWqfv iv dIdvsq dbsq Kfjst hf ƒÜk ifv rsq pfWqfv
iv icbdhGhfr jsv Kfjst sn zfv ˆjdemfÛ kftfsjv mfdtj Kfjsh. zfv ˆjdehfv
kftfj dlst ²ÃD ˆmb rfvfm rsh sp, sn däkDq dhhfsrv öfmD kfsj sö¤Yfq kftfj bf
dlst hf mfvf bf sost iChG öfmD zfv kfsj (dhhfsrv mfLAsm) dIsv ifsh bf.
zkˆh nfvf uDhsb ˆjde ²ÃDv s[sÛ öfmD mfÛ 3 hfv kftfsjvƒ mfdtj rq. 10
hYv iv iv 3 hfv kftfj dlstW swN hfsv iChG zh²¿f YfVf zfv dIdvsq dbsk hf
icbdhGhfr jvsk ifsv bf. (dInc} 2/247)
zhwA däkDq öfmD oarB jvfv iv kftfj hf mxkcAv jfvsB ƒÜskv iv iaKm öfmD
pJb bkcb smfrv nr icbdhGhfr jsv, kJb zfhfv sn bkcb jsvƒ dkb kftfsjv
mfdtj rq. (dInc} 2/249)
kftfjiafåf bfvD pdl dhdLmk kfv öfmDsj icbdhGhfr jvsk yfq hf zbA öfmD oarB
jvsk yfq ksh sjfb öfKG, vfo hf dhsäNhsw kfsj ˆsk hfLf slWqf kfv
zdHHfhsjv ubA ShL bq.
mrfb zfïfr hstb, ªzfv skfmvf pJb ²ÃD huGb jv ˆhQ kfvf kfslv ƒÜkjft
zdkhfdrk jsv kJb kfslvsj kfslv öfmD oarB jvsk hfLf dlW bf; pdl kfvf
zfsifsn JcwDmk vfuD rsq pfq.« (jc} 2/232)
²ÃDv mfdnjfh²¿fq kftfj dlst öfmD sofbfrofv rsh ˆhQ sn kftfj oBA rsh bf.
idhÛfh²¿fq kftfj dlstƒ ksh kf oBA rsh. ²ÃDv mfdnsjv Jhv bf susb kftfj
dlst sofbfrofv rsh bf ˆhQ kftfjW bq. i[f§Àsv susb-wcsb dlstƒ sofbfrofv
rsh. (Im} 63-64 ix})
zbcv™i ˆj mudtsn dkb kftfj rfvfm. nckvfQ pdl sj… kfv ²ÃDsj t[A jsv
`skfmfsj kftfj, kftfj, kftfj, zKhf `skfmfsj dkb kftfj' hst hf ˆv zdLj
nQJAf …sïJ jsv, ksh kf sjht ˆj kftfjƒ oBA rsh. ˆƒHfsh ˆj nsÌ dkb
kftfj slWqfv iv Hct hcsU icbvfq pKfvDdk ƒÜsk ²ÃDsj dIdvsq dbsk yfƒst hf
ƒÜskv iv pKfdbqsm icbdhGhfr jvsk sjfb hfLf sbƒ. (mh} 3/171-173, 26/133,
kczf} 148 W 228 ix})
dj§Â zbcv™i dkbhfv jsv Kfjst iCshGfÙÁ dbqmfbcpfqD yfƒst icb} nQnfv jvsk
ifsv. bsy{ bf.
zdbqsm kftfj slWqf zfïfrv dbLGfdvk nDmft£Ob jvfv z§ÀHGcÙÁ. (jc} 2/229, 65/1)
nckvfQ nmq W nQJAf hcsU kftfj slWqf kftfjlfkfv ubA Ivp.
pdl öfmD kfv ²ÃDsj hst `pdl kcdm zmcj jfu jv hf zmcj ufqofq pfW kfrst
skfmfsj kftfj' ˆhQ ˆƒ htfsk pdl nkA nkAƒ kftfsjv dbqk Kfsj ksh ˆmb
tedjsq vfJf kftfj ²ÃDv ‰ jfu jvfv nfsK nfsK oBA rsq pfq.
zhwA kftfsjv dbqk bf sKsj pdl ²ÃDsj Hq sldJsq sjht ‰ jfsu jsEfv dbsNL
jvfƒ …sÜwA Kfsj, kfrst kftfj oBA rsh bf. ksh ²ÃDv ‰ jfu jvfv iv öfmDsj
jnsmv jfIXIfvf tfosh. (mh} 5/94)
zbcv™i kftfsjv …iv jnm sJstW. spmb pdl sj… kfv Hfƒsj htst, `kcƒ
pdl ˆƒ jdvn, kfrst zfmfv ²ÃD kftfj' hf `zfdm pdl skfv Ov pfƒ, kfrst zfmfv
²ÃD kftfj' ksh ˆ s[sÛW dbqk dhyfpG. kftfsjv iajxk dbqk rst kftfj rsh;
bsy{ bf. ksh jnsmv jfIXIfvf zhwAƒ tfosh. zbcv™i ksjGv nmqW pdl sj…
hst `ˆƒ pdl bf rq ksh zfmfv ²ÃD kftfj' zKy hf²Àh kfv iadkjCt rq, kfrst ‰
ˆjƒ dhLfb iaspfuA. ksh kftfj dbsq ˆ Lvsbv sJt sJtf öfmDv ubA …dyk bq.
(djlf} 2/242, I… 2/791)
sj… pdl öfmDsj kftfj dlsk hfLA jsv, ksh ˆƒ sufviChGj zdb¤Yfjxk kftfj
oBA bq. zbcv™i sbwfoa²À mfkfstv kftfj, (mh} 32/252) yvm svso drkfdrk
ÎfbrDb ÛÁcÝ hAdÙÁv kftfj, (mh} 16/347, 26/133) Hct jsv kftfj, zdkwq HDk-
dhr¶t hAdÙÁv kftfj oBA bq. (dInc} 2/221)
mvB-wpAfq wfdqk öfmD kfv mDvfn sKsj ²ÃDsj hdÑk jvfv …sÜswA kftfj dls¤Y
hst ufbf sost kfW LkGhA bq. nckvfQ sn kfv Wqfsvn rsh ˆhQ öfmD-mxkcAv
ƒÜk iftb jvsh. (dInc} 2/249)
öfmD kftfsjv hAfifsv ²ÃDsj ˆJdkqfv dlst ˆhQ ²ÃD kftfj iY¦l jvst kftfj
rsq pfsh.
dhhfr W kftfj dbsq sjfb EfÕf-mufj sbƒ. mufj jsvW ²ÃDsj kftfj dlst kf
hf²Àh. (ƒv} 1826bQ)
dhhfr ia²Àfshv iv sjfb msbfmfdtbA rst öfmD kfv hfolÙf ²ÃDv …sÜswA pdl
kftfj hf rfvfm hst …sïJ jsv, ksh kf LkGhA bq. zhwA dhhfsrv iv kfsj
jnsmv jfIXIfvf tfosh. (mh} 9/58, Iƒ} 2/787)
kftfsjv Jhv ²ÃD bf sistW kftfj oBA rsh. (I…} 2/804)
zfïfr, kf]v vnCt hf äDbsj öfmD ofdt dlst ²ÃD kftfj rsq pfsh. dIsv dbsk
yfƒst kWhf jsv bkcb smfrsv icbdhGhfr jvsk rsh. (I…} 2/783)
dydEv mfLAsm kftfj dlst kf oBA rsh. zbcv™i shfhf pdl ƒdÌsk kftfj slq
ksh kfW oBA. zhwA dtJsk ufbst kfv ƒdÌk oBA bq. (dInc} 2/229)
ƒÜk
öfmD kftfj dlst ²ÃD ƒÜk iftb bf jsv däkDq öfmD oarB jvsk ifsv bf. ˆsk
öfmD-²ÃDsj dhhfr-dhs¤Yslv hAfifsv icbdhGshybf jvsk ncspfo slWqf rq. Ist snƒ
ncspfso ²ÃD iakAfbDkf jvsk ifsv. kfYfVf ƒÜk dhdLhÝ jvfq ˆ jKfv ƒdÌk
vsqsY sp, dhhfr sjfb sYstsJtfv dhNq bq. ˆv zfso-disY vsqsY dhdHâ dbqm-
bDdk W nDmf-nmq.
iv§Â ƒÜskv mfsU bfvDv oHGfwq ivD[f rq. pfsk lcƒ öfmDv kvI sKsj hQswv
nQdmwaB bf Ose.
kftfjiafåf bfvD pdl zvdmkf rq hf kfv hfnvƒ bf rsq Kfsj, ksh kfv sjfb
ƒÜk sbƒ. (jc} 33/49)
vdmkf mdrtf pdl ‡kcmkD rq, ksh kfv ƒÜk dkb mfdnj; dkb mfn bq. nckvfQ
n§Àfbsj lcL ifb jvfhfv nmq pdl 2/3 hYvW mfdnj bf rq, ksh dkb mfdnj bf
rWqf ipG§À sn ƒÜskƒ Kfjsh. (jc} 2/228, I…} 2/799)
‡kcrDbf djswfvD hf hxÝf rst kfv ƒÜk dkb mfn. (jc} 65/4) dj§Â ƒÜk wcv¢ jsv
djYc dlb isv kfv ‡kc wcv¢ rst, ‡kc drnfshƒ kfsj dkb ƒÜk iftb jvsk rsh.
(dInc} 2/297)
sjfb ufbf jfvsB mfdnj há Kfjst hf rhfv n©Hfhbf bf Kfjst kfv ƒÜkW
dkb mfn. dj§Â rhfv n©Hfhbf Kfjst dIsv zfnf ipG§À zsi[f jsv dkb mfdnj
ƒÜk iftb jvsh. zhwA pdl zufbf jfvsB mfdnj há Kfsj kfrst 1 hYv zKGf{
osHGv 9 mfn ˆhQ ƒÜskv dkb mfn zsi[f jsv ksh däkDq öfmD oarB jvsk
ifvsh. (I…} 2/799)
oHGhkDv ƒÜk i»nhjft ipG§À. (jc 65/4) mfn zKhf mfdnj drnfsh ƒÜk wcv¢
jvfv djYc dlb iv oHG iajfw sist ianhjft ipG§Àƒ zsi[f jvsk rsh.
kftfjiafåf mdrtf kfv kftfsjv Jhv dkb mfdnj iv sist kfv ƒÜk swN.
zfv bkcb jsv ƒÜk sbƒ. (I…} 2/804)
sJftf kftfsjv ƒÜk ˆj mfdnj. mfdnsjv iv däkDq öfmD oarB jvsk ifsv.
(I…} 2/799)
zbcv™i öfmD mfvf sost dhvrdhLcvf dhLhf ²ÃDsjW ƒÜk W swfjiftb jvsk rsh.
(jc} 2/234) ˆsk ²ÃDv oHGfwq oHG sKsj Jfdt dj bf kf ivD[f rsh; pfsk hQsw nQdmwaB
bf Ose. kfYfVf ˆsk ²ÃDv dbje öfmDv sp mpGflf W zdLjfv kfv zdHhAdÙÁ Ose.
nckvfQ dhLhf oHGhkD rst ianhjft ipG§À ƒÜk iftb jvsh. (zfv kf 2/1
O¦efW rsk ifsv.) zk}iv sn dHâ öfmD oarB jvsk ifsv. ksh oHGhkD bf rst 4
mfn 10 dlb zsi[f jsv ƒÜk iftb jvsh. (jc} 2/234)
dhLhfv dhhfsrv iv hfnv bf rsq KfjstW ‰ ƒÜk iftb jvsh. spmb, bfhfdtjf
djswfvD zKhf zdkhxÝf rstW ƒÜk iftb jvsk rsh. (mh} 16/114,120,132)
vuqD kftfjiafåf ²ÃD (ƒÜsk Kfjst; pfsj öfmD dIdvsq dbsk ifsv) kfv öfmD
mfvf sost bkcb jsv öfmD-mxkcAv ƒÜk iftb jvsh. (I…} 2/ 820)
sjfbW jfvsB ƒÜskv nmq didYsq slWqf pfq bf. öfmDv mxkcAv iv sKsjƒ ƒÜk
iftb wcv¢ jvsk rsh. (mh} 2/815, Im} 65ix})
öfmDv mxkcAv Jhv 4 mfn iv ufbst kfv ƒÜk mfÛ ‰ hfjD 10dlb. 4 mfn lw
dlb iv ufbst zfv sjfb ƒÜk sbƒ. (I…} 2/804)
ƒÜskv dHksv dhLhfv swfjiftb Wqfsuh. ˆƒ swfj iftsb dhLhf kAfo jvsh}-
1- iaskAj nc¦lv sifwfj. ksh ˆv ubA sjfb dbdlGó Lvsbv hf vsMv jfiV sbƒ.
sp jfisV snZ¦lpG sbƒ snƒ jfiV idvLfb jvsh. nflf jfisV snZ¦lpG Kfjst kfW
hAhrfv dbdNÝ. (mh} 19/158) dbdlGóHfsh jfstf sifNfj hAhrfvW dhdLn©mk bq.
(Im} 65ix})
2- nhGiajfv ztËfv. zhwA nmq slJfv ubA rfsk OdV hf]Lfq slfN sbƒ.
(mh}19/158) r]Af, ksh hfƒsv sost efƒm slJfv ubA iasqfub bf rst hf vfJfv mk
isje hf hAfo Kfjst rfsk h]fLsh bf. jfvB, OdVskW snZ¦lpG zfsb.
3- nhGiajfv ianfLb W zÌvfo; ncvmf, jfut, sp sjfb vQ ƒkAfdl.
4- nhGiajfv ncodá; nchfdnk nfhfb hf Sktfdl hAhrfv dbdNÝ. (I…} 2/813) ˆmb
dj dbsuv sYstsmsq hf zbA jf…sj sn¦eufkDq djYc tfdosq dlskW ifsv bf.
spsrkc ncodá rfsk ˆsn pfsh kfƒ. (djlf} 2/143) zhwA mfdnj sKsj idhÛkfv
nmq lcoGá lCvDjvBfsKG djYc sn¦e tÏf²¿fsb hAhrfv jvsk ifsv. (dthfmf} 24/13)
5- öfmDoxsrv hfƒsv pfWqf. spsrkc öfmDoxsrƒ ƒÜk iftb Wqfsuh. ksh ˆjf§À
iasqfub hf zokAfq (ilGfv nfsK) hfƒsv pfWqf ShL. spmb, YfÛD hf dwd[jf rst
õct-jstu spsk ifsv. (mh} 16/131) sj… bf Kfjst ov¢-Yfot, Intfdlv
slJfswfbf jvsk ifsv ƒkAfdl.
zbcv™i öfmDv hfn²¿fsb sjfb zfk¹Dq bf Kfjst Hsqv jfvsB sjfb zbA zfk¹Dqv
hfdVsk ƒÜk iftb jvf pfq. (mh} 19/168) ˆ YfVf jcecmhfdV, nJDv hfdV hf zfv
jfsvf hfdV shVfsk pfWqf dbdNÝ. (kfmc}154ix})
ƒÜskv nmq zdkhfdrk rst ˆnh dhdL-dbsNL swN rsq pfsh. ˆv iv vDdkmk
nh djYc hAhrfv jvsk ifsv ˆhQ dhhfrW jvsk ifsv. hvQ pfvf SLpGrfvf rsq
hAdHyfsvv isK if hfdVsq `v]fsVv Osv N]fsVv hfnf' jsv kfslv is[ dhhfr Ivp.
ƒÜskv mfsU shfot W ocåfsÌv stfm ˆhQ bJfdl sjse idv°jfv-idv¤Yâ Kfjf,
mfY-mfQn, It ƒkAfdl …Ùm JflA JfWqf lCNBDq bq. spmb y]fslv mcJ slJsk sbƒ,
dhsqv jsb ±iwG jvsk sbƒ iaHxdk LfvBf W zfyfv jcnQõfv. (kfmc} 154-155 ix})
ˆƒ dhLhf öfmDv Wqfsvn rsh. vuqD kftfjiafåf rst ˆhQ ƒÜskv dHksv dhLhf
rst Wqfsvn rsh. hfdkt dhhfr, sJftf kftfj iaHxdkv ƒÜsk Wqfsvn rsh bf.
ˆslv swfj iftsbv ƒÜkW sbƒ. zbcv™i kftfjiafåf kfv ƒÜk zdkhfdrk
rWqfv iv öfmD mfvf sost Wqfsvn rsh bf. r]Af, pdl öfmD kfv mvB-svfso ²ÃDsj
mDvfn sKsj hdÑk jvfv …sÜswA kftfj dlsqsY hst ufbf pfq, ksh kfv ƒÜk
ifv rsq sostW (1 hf 2 kftfsjv iv; pfsk icbdhGhfr n©Hh) ‰ ²ÃD däkDq dhhfr
bf jsv Kfjst Wqfsvn rsh. pKfdbqsm dkb kftfjiafåf rst zKhf ƒÜskv iv
dhhfr jsv Kfjst sn zfv Wqfsvn rsh bf. (I…} 2/820, djlf} 2/205, Im} 97-98)
dmtb bf rsq öfmD mfvf sostW ²ÃD Wqfsvn rsh. (I…} 2/821)
²ÃD rfvfm jvst

`pdl sedtdHwsb äDbD siafoafm YfVf zbA djYc slJ, ksh kcdm rfvfm' hst ²ÃD rfvfm
jvst hf sjfb zbA jfvsB `kcdm zfmfv ubA rfvfm' ƒkAfdl htst ˆhQ kftfsjv
dbqk bf rst kftfj rsh bf. hvQ ²ÃD nrhfn rfvfm jvfv dbqk rst kfv nsÌ nÌm
zShL rsq pfsh. ShL jvsk yfƒst jnsmv jfIXIfvf uv¢vD. zfïfr hstb, ªsr
bhD! zfïfr skfmfv ubA pf ShL jsvsYb kcdm skfmfv ²ÃDslvsj JcwD jvfv ubA kf
skfmfv …iv zShL jsv db¤Y sjb? zfïfr [mfwDt, ivm lqftc. zfïfr skfmfslv
wiK rsk mcdÙÁtfsHv hAh²¿f jsvsYb. zfïfr skfmfslv nrfq. dkdb nhGÎ,
iaÎfmq.« (jc} 66/1-2,mh} 18/76)
iajfw sp, jnsmv jfIXIfvf (iafqdÇyÙ) lwub ldvlasj mLAm Lvsbv JflA-lfb
(mfKf diYc 1 djstf 250 oafm jsv yft dlst yst) zKhf ‰ lwubsj h²Ã (sodÓ-
tcdÌ) lfb djQhf ˆjub ÛÁDklfn mcdÙÁ. zfv ˆ nsh nfmKGA bf Kfjst 3 dlb svfuf
iftb. (jc} 5/89)
²ÃDsj `kcdm zfmfv mfsqv disEv mk' hf `kcdm zfmfv mf' hf shfb ƒkAfdl hst
rfvfm jvst ˆsj `dprfv' hst. ˆmb htf hf jvf rfvfm. jvst jfIXIfvf Wqfsuh
ˆhQ ˆv iCshG nrhfn W kfv HCdmjf zShL. zfïfr hstb, ªskfmfslv msLA pfvf
dbsuslv ²ÃDosBv ndrk dprfv jsv kfvf susb vfJcj, kfslv ²ÃDoB kfslv mfkf bq.
pfvf kfslvsj HCdmô jsv sjht kfvfƒ kfslv mfkf, Wvf skf OxBA W dHdÙrDb jKfƒ
hst. dbÇyq zfïfr ifismfybjfvD W [mfwDt, pfvf dbsuslv ²ÃDosBv nfsK dprfv
jsv zk}iv Wslv …dÙÁ iakAfrfv jsv dbsk yfq, ksh kfslv iafqdÇyÙ (jfIXIfvf)
rt spZb jfmbfq ˆsj zivsj (öfmD ²ÃDsj) ±iwG jvfv iCshG 1de ÛÁDklfn öfLDb.
ˆ dbslGw skfmfslv slWqf rt. skfmvf pf jv zfïfr kfv Jhv vfsJb. dj§Â pfv ˆ
nfmKGA sbƒ kfv iafqdÇyÙ rt spZb-jfmbfq ˆsj zivsj ±iwG jvfv iCshG
ˆjfdlÛÁsm lc'mfn svfpf iftb. sp ˆsk znmKG sn 60 ub zHfhoa²Àsj JflA
(mfKfdiYc 1 djstf 250 oafm jsv yft) lfb jvsh. êf ûbA sp skfmvf spb
zfïfr W klDq vnCst dhÇhfn ²¿fib jv. ˆÈdt zfïfrv dbLGfdvk nDmfsvJf. zfv
zdhÇhfnDslv ubA vsqsY mmG§Âl wfd²À.« (jc} 58/2-4)
kftfsjv dbqsk dprfv jvst (²ÃDsj mf hf mfsqv mk htst) kftfj rsh bf
dprfvƒ rsh. i[f§Àsv dprfsvv dbqsk kftfj dlst kftfj rsq pfsh. (dInc} 2/276)
²ÃDv kvI sKsj dprfv rq bf. ksh öfmDsj `hfi' htst öfmD nrhfn rfvfm ˆhQ
ˆv mfb jnsmv nmfb. zkˆh jnsmv jfIXIfvf dlstƒ ksh öfmD-nÌm ShL rsh.
(I…} 2/793)
öfmD pdl kfv ²ÃDsj sjfb ocB, v™i, hf jmGieckf ƒkAfdlsk kfv mfsqv nfsK kctbf
jsv hst `kcdm zfmfv mfsqv mk' (zKGf{ ocsB hf jsmG) ˆhQ zbcv™i ²ÃD pdl kfv
öfmDsj hst `zfidb zfmfv hfsiv mk' (zKGf{ sjfb ocsB hf jsmG) ksh sj… jfsvf
is[ rfvfm rq bf. (I…} 2/793)
zðdykf
pchkD bfvDv nxdóok iajxdk mfdnj vÙÁnafh kfv ƒÜk ƒkAfdlv drnfh slq, osHGv
Jhv ufbf pfq. zfv ‰ nafhƒ kfv oHGd²¿k ë™sBv zfrfv rq.
oHGfh²¿fskW mfdnj zfnsk ifsv. ˆmb rst ˆƒ mfdnsj kftfj rfvfm bq. jfvB,
kfv ƒÜk rt oHGjft. (dlk} 13ix})
zHAfnok dlsb zfso-disY rsq mfdnj rstW kf mfdnsjv Jcb, zHAfn 7 dlsbv
Kfjst pdl 6 dlsb idhÛf rq ksh sn idhÛf, 8m dlsbW Jcb dhlAmfb Kfjst kf
mfdnsjv Jcb. (dlk} 14ix})
mfdnsjv Jcb nfLfvBk} vsÙÁv bAfq. dj§Â mfsU hf swsNv dlsj pdl smse hf ofhVf
vsMv Jcb zfsn ksh kfW mfdnsjv wfdmt. zhwA idhÛf rWqfv iv pdl ‰ Lvsbv
Jcb zfsn ksh kf mfdnj bq. (zflf} 307 bQ)
sjfb ²ÃDstfsjv 1dlb Jcb ivdlb há; zbcv™i ˆjefbf nhGlf rsk Kfsj ksh kf
mfdnj bq hvQ ƒd²Àrfpf. (ˆv hBGbf isv zfnsY.)
zHAfnmk ‡kcv jqdlsbv dHksv pdl ˆjdlb Jcb ˆjdlb há Kfsj, ksh kfv
icsvfefƒ mfdnj LkGhA. Jcb há KfjstW idhÛkf bq. (zfdb 207-208ix}) ksh
mfsUv ‰ dlbocdtsk pdl idhÛkfv nflfnafh slJf pfq ksh kf idhÛkf. (‰ 207ix})
mfdnsjv ˆƒ zwcdykfq sp nh LmGjmGfdl dbdNÝ kf dbm´v™i}-
1. bfmfp}- mfdnjfh²¿fq bfmfp iVf ShL bq. idhÛf rst sofnt jsv kshƒ
bfmfp iVsh. sp zsÙÁ sjht ˆj vfjzfk bfmfp iVfv mk nmsqv iCshG idhÛf
rsh sofnstv iv snƒ zsÙÁvW bfmfp jfpf iVsk rsh. spmb pdl sj… nCpGfs²Àv 2
dmdbe iCshG idhÛf rq ksh (nCpGfs²Àv iv) sofnt jsv zfnsvv bfmfp jfpf iVsh
zk}iv mfodvshv bfmfp zflfq jvsh. sp zsÙÁ sofnt jvsh sjht snƒ zÙÁ
sKsj bfmfp iVf psKó bq. diaq bhD  hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ bfmfspv ˆj vfjzfk
ifq, sn bfmfp (bfmfspv nmq) sisq pfq.« (hc},mc})
ªsp hAdÙÁ nCpGfs²Àv iCshG zfnsvv ˆj vfjzfk sisq pfq, sn zfnv sisq sbq ˆhQ
sp hAdÙÁ nCspGflsqv iCshG Iusvv ˆj vfjzfk bfmfp sisq pfq, sn Iuv sisq
sbq.« (hc}, mc}, dm} 601bQ, dlk} 19ix})
nckvfQ sjfb WqfsÙÁ iashw rWqfv iv zKhf ‰ bfmfp iVsk iVsk mfdnj wcv¢
rst idhÛkfv iv ‰ WqfsÙÁv bfmfpW jfpf iVsk rsh. spmb pdl jfsvf nCpGfs²Àv
2 dmdbe iv ‡kc wcv¢ rq (pfsk 1 vfjzfk bfmfp iVf pfq) kfrst idhÛkfv
sofnstv iv mfosvshv ‰ bfmfp jfpf iVsh. (‰18ix})
2. jcvzfb ±iwG W ifE }
bfifsj jcvzfb ±iwG zShL. (jc} 56/79) zbcv™i mcsJ …¤yfvB jsv ‡kcmkD
jcvzfb sktfzk jvsh bf. msb msb iVsk slfN sbƒ. zhwA pdl Hcst pfWqfv
Hq rq zKhf dwd[jf W YfÛDv sjfb zfqfk …sïJ jvf uv¢vD rq, ksh …¤yfvB
jvsk iasqfusb ShL. (dlk} 20-21ix}, kfmc} 36ix}) i[f§Àsv lczf lv™l, dpjv, knhDr
krtDt, ƒs²ÀoIfv, kWhf, rflDn W dIjXr ifE, jfsvf lczfq zfmDb htf, jcvzfb
wahB ƒkAfdl ShL. (dlk} 19ix}, kfmc} 38ix})
jcvzfb mfuDslv kInDv hf zbchfl ±iwG jsv iVf slfsNv bq. dnulfv zfqfk
wcsb dnulf jvfW ShL. (zfdb} 1/174)
‡kcmkDv sjfst mfKf svsJ kfv n§Àfb zKhf öfmD jcvzfb sktfzk jvsk ifsv.
(hc}, mc}, zfdb} 1/163)
3. svfpf iftb }-
mfdnjfh²¿fq svfpf iftb dbdNÝ. ksh vmpfsbv Ivp svfpf isv jfpf jvf uv¢vD.
(dj§Â ‰ zh²¿fq YfVf bfmfspv jfpf sbƒ.) (hc} 321bQ, mc} 265bQ, zflf} 263bQ)
svfpfv dlsb nCpGfs²Àv [sBj iCshG mfdnj ˆst ‰ dlsbv svfpf hfdkt; jfpf jvsk
rsh. nCpGfs²Àv iCshG mfdnj zfnsY hst msb rst; dj§Â ianafhäfsv Jcb slJf bf sost
ˆhQ nCpGfs²Àv iv slJf dlst svfpf bó rsh bf.
Iuv …lq rWqfv [sBj isv mfdnj wcv¢ rst ‰ dlsb svfpf rsh bf. Iuv
…lsqv [sBj iCshG Jcb há rst sofnt bf jvstW ‰ dlsbv svfpf Ivp. (zfdb}
1/173) Iusvv iv sofnt jsv bfmfp iVsh, zbcv™i öfmD-²ÃD nÌm jsv snrvD
sJsq isv Iusvv zfpfb rsq sostW svfpfv sjfb [dk rq bf. sofnt jsv bfmfp
iVf uv¢vD. (hc}, mc}, dlk} 22ix})
svfpf svsJ dlsbv mLAHfso Jcb ˆst svfpf bó W ifbfrfv ShL. spmb mfdnsjv
dlbocdtsk mdrtf ifbfrfv jvsk ifvsh ˆhQ dlsb mfdnj há rstW dlsbv zhdwó
nmsq ifbfrfv ShL. (mcm} 4/541-542)
4. kWqfI }
Ivp, bIt nhG iajfv kWqfI zShL. zhwA nfqD ˆhQ dmbf, mcplfdtIfr W
zfvfIfsk zh²¿fb, ifKv mfvf ƒkAfdl ShL. spmb dhlfqD kWqfsIv iCshG mfdnj wcv¢
rst ‰ kWqfI jvf Wqfsuh Kfsj bf. (hc}, mc})
dj§Â rÏ hf …mvfv kWqfI ifj rWqfv iv jvskƒ rsh. bsy{ rÏ hf …mvf
rsh bf. (dlk} 23-24ix})
5. mndul W „lofsr zh²¿fb}-
mfdnj zh²¿fq mndusl hf „lofsr hnf zShL. (hc},mc}) zhwA mnduslv hfƒsv
sKsj mnduslv dHksv d²¿k sjfb h²Â …dEsq sbWqf zShL bq. (mc}, zflf} iaHxdk, kfmc} 37ix})
6. öfmD-nÌm }-
mfdnjfh²¿fq nÌm rfvfm. mrfb zfïfr hstb, ªWvf skfmfsj vu}nafh (jft W
²¿fb) iansÌ duÎfnf jsv, kcdm ht …rf zwcdy. nckvfQ vu}nafhjfst ²ÃD-nQnoG
sKsj lCsv Kfj ˆhQ idhÛf bf rWqf ipG§À kfslv dbje (nÌsmv …sÜswA) spW bf.
zk}iv pJb kfvf idvwcÝ rsq pfq, kJb kfslv dbje dEj snƒHfsh omb jv
spHfsh zfïfr skfmfslvsj zfslw jsvsYb. dbÇyq zfïfr kWhfjfvDslvsj ˆhQ
pfvf idhÛ Kfsj kfslvsj Hfstfhfsnb.« (jc} 2/222)
mfdnjfh²¿fq nÌm jsv sItst ˆj lDbfv (nWqf 4 oafm snfbf hf kfv mCtA) zKhf
zLG lDbfv nljf jvsk rsh. (zflf}, dk} iaHxdk, zfdp} 122ix}) zhwA znmsq
spZb[cLf dbhfvsBv ubA ²ÃD ufdÌqf isv tÏf²¿fb (i»n»fh W ifqJfbfäfv) ilGf jsv
zbAfbA ²¿fsb hDpGifk ƒkAfdl nhGiajfv spZbfyfv ShL. (hc}, mc}, dlk} 25ix})
spmb, ifqc W spfbDisK nÌm jvfv zfwËf bf Kfjst hf SLpG vfJsk ifvst ²ÃDv
†v¢-SmKcbW ShL.
iajfw sp, ‡kcmkD ²ÃDv ˆs]ef djYc hf kfv mcsJv tftf bfifj bq.
7. kftfj slWqf}
iCshGƒ zfstfdyk rsqsY sp, mfdnjfh²¿fq kftfj slWqf ShL bq. zfv dlsq sItstW
‰ kftfj hfdkt; LkGhA bq. zhwA ²ÃDv ndrk hfnv jvfv iCshG, oHGjfst, zKhf
sJftf kftfj iafKGbfjfst mfdnjfh²¿fq Kfjst kftfj slWqf zShL bq. (dlk} 27ix})
mfdnjfh²¿fq dhhfr zfjXl (dhsq iVfsbf) ShL. ksh hfnv bf jvfƒ …Ùm. hv
dmtb bf jsv SLpG vfJsk ifvst hfnv jvsh; bsy{ bf. (‰ 28 ix})
mfdnj há rstƒ sofnt Ivp. sp nmsqƒ srfj sofnt jvsk rsh. slwDq iaKf
zbcpfqD zKhf tÏfv Jfdksv dbdlGó nmq sKsj sofnt didYsq bfmfp bó jvst
sofbfrofv rsh. zfsvf Jcb zfnsh ns¦lsr sjfb bfmfp didYsq dlst jfpf isV sbsh.
mdrtf sofnt db©bv™si jvsh}-
iaKsm nfhfbfdl dlsq tÏf²¿fb Hfstfv™si Lcsq rfk idv°jfv jsv sbsh. zk}iv
sofnstv dbqk jsv `dhndmïfr' hst iCBG Wpc jvsh, kfviv 3 hfv mfKfq ifdb dbsq
Hfstf jsv ˆmbHfsh sLZk jvsh spb ycstv sofVfq-sofVfq ifdb siZ]sY pfq.
zk}iv nfvf wvDv Lcsq sbsh. isv h²ÃJsà hf kcstfv msLA sjfb ncodá tfdosq
tÏf²¿fsb svsJ sbsh.
sofnstv iv zfhfv Jcb slJf dlst pdl smse hf ofhVf vsMv Jcb rq kfrst sjfb
[dk rsh bf. mfdnsjv mk rst icb} há rst zfhfv sofnt jvsh. (Iƒ} 1/240)
bfmfspv zsÙÁ nIsv mfdnj há rst, zKhf ifdb bf Kfjst, zKhf ifdb hAhrfv
[dkjv rst kfqf©mcm jsv bfmfp iVsh.
öfs²¿Av [dk bf rst idvusbv ndrk ˆjƒ nsÌ rÏ hf svfpf iftsbv …sÜswA
hf zbA sjfb iasqfusb mfdnj há vfJfv ŠNL hAhrfv ShL. ksh ˆsk spb öfmDsj
(ƒÜsk) sLfjf slWqfv …sÜwA bf rq. (dlk} 43, Iƒ} 1/241)
ƒd²r
À fpf
mfdnsjv Jcb ˆjefbf zfnskƒ Kfjst zKhf 2/1 dlb YfVf nfvf mfsn Jcb há bf
rst ˆmb Jcbsj ƒd²Àrfpfv Jcb hst. zfv sp bfvDv ˆmb Jcb zfsn kfsj mc²Àfrfpf
hst.
mc²Àfrfpfv dkb zh²¿f rsk ifsv}-
1- ˆjub mdrtfv iCshG pKfdbqsm mfdnj rk. dj§Â isv Lfvfhfdrj Jcb ˆsn zfv
há rq bf. nckvfQ ˆmb mdrtfv zHAfnokHfsh sp j'dlb Jcb zfnk snƒ
j'dlbsj mfdnj Lsv hfjD isvv dlbÈdtsj ƒd²Àrfpfv Jcb Lsv sbsh. nckvfQ isvv
ˆƒ dlbÈdtsk sofntfdl jsv bfmfp-svfpf jvsh. (hc}, mc})
2- ˆjub mdrtfv wcv¢ sKsjƒ ˆjefbf Jcb zfsn. mfdnj W ƒd²Àrfpfv dlb kfv
zufbf. ˆmb mdrtf sjfb t[B hcsU mfdnj W ƒd²Àrfpfv mfsU ifKGjA dbhGfyb
jvsh. spmb pdl 10 dlb jfstf ˆhQ hfjD mfsn tft Jcb, zKhf 10dlb smfef ˆhQ
hfjD mfsn ifktf Jcb, zKhf 10 dlb lcoGámq ˆhQ hfjD mfsn oárDb Jcb slsJ ksh
‰ jfstf smfef W lcoGámq Jcbsj mfdnsjv ˆhQ hfjD ƒd²Àrfpfv Jcb Lsv dbsq idhÛf
rsq bfmfp-svfpf jvsh. (dlk} 34ix})
3- ˆmb mdrtf pfv mfdnsjv sjfb dbdlGó dlb ufbf sbƒ ˆhQ sjfb t[BW hcUsk
ifsv bf, sn pJb sKsj iaKm Jcb lwGb jsvsY kJb sKsj drnfh Lsv dEj snƒ nmq
jsv iaskAj mfsn 6 hf 7 dlb (nfLfvB mdrtfslv zHAfnmk) zwcdykfv ubA
zsi[f jsv sofnt jvsh ˆhQ hfjD dlbocdtsk bfmfp-svfpf jvsh. (dlk} 35ix})
sjfb hAfdLv Ist oHGfwq kcst sItst hf sjfb ˆmb zifsvwb jvst pfsk
mfdnj dyvdlsbv mk há rsq pfq; pdl kfv isvW sjfbÛÁsm Jcb slJf pfq, ksh sn
Jcb mfdnj hf ƒd²Àrfpfv bq. hvQ snƒ Jcb idhÛkfv iv smse hf ofhVf hsBGv Jcsbv
nmipGfsqv. ˆsk mdrtf zidhÛf rq bf ˆhQ bfmfp svfpfW há jvf ShL bq. ˆsk
sofntW Ivp bq. Jcb Lcsq bfmfspv ubA zpc psKó. zbcv™i spfbDisK nhGlf
nflfnafh slJf dlstW ˆjƒ dbslGw. (I…} 1/298)
nckvfQ …ÙÁ iajfv mdrtfvf (mc²ÀfrfpfoB) idhÛf mdrtfv mk. zkˆh ˆslv ubA
bfmfp, svfpf, rÏ, öfmD-nrhfn ƒkAfdl njt jmG idhÛkfv mkƒ iftb jvf Ivp
W ShL. ksh nhGlf Jcb Kfjst idhÛkfv ubA iaKm sofnstv iv iaskAj bfmfspv
ubA z§ÀhGfn hlst tÏf²¿fb Lcsq zpc jvsh. Jcb hfƒsv zfnfv Hq Kfjst jfiV
hf kctf sh]sL sbsh. (dlk} 37-38ix})
dbIfn
ianshv 2/1 dlb iChG sKsj hf ianshv iv sKsjƒ tfofkfv [vBDq Jcbsj dbIfsnv
Jcb hst. ˆƒ Jcb nhGfdLj 40 dlb Uvsk Kfsj ˆhQ êfƒ kfv nhGswN nmq. nckvfQ
40 dlb iv Jcb slJf dlstW mdrtf sofnt jsv bfmfp-svfpf jvsh. zhwA 40
dlsbv mfKfq pdl ianCdkv mfdnj zfnfv nmq rq ˆhQ Jcb ˆjefbf sKsj pfq ksh
kfv zHAfnmk mfdnjjftW zsi[f jsv kfv iv sofnt jvsh.
40 dlb iCshG ˆƒ Jcb há rstW sofnt snsv bfmfp-svfpf jvsh. öfmD nrhfnW
ShL rsh. dj§Â 2/5 dlb há rsq icbvfq (40 dlsbv iCshGƒ) Jcb ˆst bfmfp-svfpf
ƒkAfdl há jvsh ˆhQ isv pJb há rsh zKhf 40 dlb iCBG rst sofnt jsv ifj
rsq pfsh. mfsUv ‰ dlsbv bfmfp-svfpf wcÝ rsq pfsh ˆhQ öfmD nÌsmvW ifi rsh
bf. (dlk} 39-40ix}, kfmc} 49ix}, zfdb} 244ix}, mh} 20/177)
40 dlsbv dHksv Jcb smse hf ofhVf vsMv rstW kf dbIfsnv Jcb. (Im} 23ix})
mfbcsNv zfjxdk zfnfv iv (nfLfvBk} 80 dlb iv) oHGifk rst hf Oefst sp Jcb
zfnsh kf dbIfsnv Jcb. ˆv iCshG rst kf dbIfn bq hvQ ƒd²Àrfpfv Jcb. ˆsk
bfmfp-svfpf jvsk rsh. (Iƒ} 1/243,245, Im} 24ix})
zfk¹fðdÝ
ˆskf sot slrwcdÝv jKf. dj§Â ˆv iCshG zfk¹fwcdÝW ˆjf§À iasqfubDq dhNq; pf
bf rst slr ƒhflk djYcƒ wcÝ bq. zfïfr hstb,
ªspdlb Lb-n©il n§Àfb-n§Àdk sjfb jfsu zfnsh bf. sndlb …ijxk rsh sjht
snƒ hAdÙÁ, sp zfïfrv dbje dhwcÝ z§Àv dbsq …id²¿k rsh.« (jc} 26/88-89)
ªsp zfk¹f idvwcÝ jvsh, snƒ nItjfm rsh ˆhQ sn hAKG rsh, sp zfk¹fsj
jtcdNk jvsh.« (jc} 91/9-10)
nckvfQ sp hAdÙÁ zmCtj dhÇhfn, dwjG, dhlzfk, hfdkt zdHmk, ns¦lr W nQwq,
ShNdqj zfndÙÁ (Lb, bfvD, odl, pw iaHxdkv stfH) dvicv zfÛÁmB, wvqD Îfb
wCbAkf, zdLj dhtfdnkf W rfdn, sbfQvf W jlpGgzfyvB ˆhQ ififyvB sKsj dbu
zfk¹f W mbsj idhÛ W dhwcÝ vfJsh ˆhQ zfïfrv …iv ndEj „mfb W dhÇhfn
vfJsh, kf]v dbje zfk¹nmiGB jvsh, kf]vƒ …iv nlf Hvnf jvsh, k]fvƒ dbje
njt yfWqf yfƒsh, kf]vƒ n¹vB W LAfsb nlf r™lq ufodvk Kfjsh, k]fv vnCstv
kvDjf nlf kfv iK W r™lsqv zfstfjhdkGjf rsh. zdLjfdLj sktfzk lczf,
iafKGbf, dpjXv W ƒd²ÀoIfv kKf lv™l ifE jvsh. äDbD mudtsn zQwoarB, äDbD hƒ-
ic²Àj iEb-ifEb ˆhQ nkAsj dysb kf nflsv oarB jvsh, mcndtm kKf nfvf nxdóv
ubA pfv r™lq lqflGa Kfjsh, kfv r™lq idvwcÝ r™lq. smfejKf iCBG zfk¹nmiGBjfvD
ˆjub mcndtsmv r™lq dhwcÝ r™lq. ˆmb bf rst mcdÙÁ W nItkfv zfwf jvf pfq
bf. (zfdb} 246-269ix})
oHG W u¦mdbq§ÃB
n§Àfb ˆj n©il. db}ö rstW n§Àfsbv zfjf£Jf iaskAj mf-hfsiv. kfƒ skf
db}n§Àfb dikf-mfkf dydj{nfsKG djbf Jfq, sjfKf bf pfq? zhwA ShLHfsh dydj{nf-
dhÎfsbv nfrfpA sbWqf lCNBDq bq. lCNBDq rt n§ÀfbstfsH sjfb iDv-Efjcv-
mfpfsvv dbje sosq bpvfdl smsb n§Àfb-jfmbf; hvQ ˆ rt J]fde dwjG. zfïfrƒ pfsj
ƒ¤Yf n§Àfb slb ˆhQ pfsj ƒ¤Yf háAf vfsJb. nckvfQ mcndtsmv …dyk, k]fvƒ dbje
ˆƒ hst n§Àfb yfWqf}-
‫اﻟﺼ ِﺎﻟ ِﺤ ْﻴ َﻦ‬
‫ﻦ ﱠ‬ َ ‫ﻲ ِﻣ‬ ْ ‫رَبﱢ َه‬
ْ ‫ﺐ ِﻟ‬
zKGf{, sr iaHc! zfmfsj sbj n§Àfb lfb jv. (jc} 37/100)
ِ‫ إِﻧﱠﻚَ ﺳَﻤِﻴْﻊُ اﻟﺪﱡﻋَﺎء‬،ً‫ﺐ ِﻟ ْﻲ ِﻣ ْﻦ ﻟﱠﺪُﻧْﻚَ ذُرﱢﻳﱠﺔً ﻃَﻴﱢﺒَﺔ‬ ‫ َر ﱢ‬
ْ ‫ب َه‬
zKGf{, sr zfmfv iadkiftj! kcdm skfmfv kvI sKsj zfmfsj n{ hQwLv lfb
jv, dbÇyq kcdm zkAfdLj iafKGbf wahBjfvD. (jc} 3/38)
dydj{nf-dhÎfsbv nfrfspA jxdÛm …ifsq oHGnÑfvB iÝdkv mfLAsm n§Àfb tfH
jvsk rst pdl öfmDvƒ hDpG dbsq ²ÃDv oHGfwsq jxdÛm …ifsq svsJ iaubb n©Hh
rq, kfrst ˆmb n§ÀfbHfoA tfH jvf ShL. i[f§Àsv öfmD hAkDk zbA jfsvf hDpG
äfvf ˆmb iaubb rfvfm. sn n§Àfb dbsuv ShL n§Àfb rsh bf; hvQ sn ufvu oBA
rsh.
n§Àfb-diifnf lCvDjvBfsKG zisvv n§Àfb dbsq (ifdtkicÛ drnfsh) tftb-iftb
jvfq ƒntfsmv nmKGb sbƒ. (jc} 33/4)
sjfb iÝdksk zfïfrv ƒ¤Yf hAkDk jfsvf dbu ƒ¤Yfmk icÛ hf jbAf u¦m slWqf
n©Hh bq. mrfb zfïfr hstb, ªzfjfwmàtD W ixdKhDv nfhGsHZmk¶ zfïfrvƒ.
dkdb pf ƒ¤Yf, kfƒ nxdó jsvb. dkdb pfsj ƒ¤Yf jbAfn§Àfb ˆhQ pfsj ƒ¤Yf icÛn§Àfb
lfb jsvb. zKhf lfb jsvb icÛ-jbAf …Hqƒ ˆhQ pfsj ƒ¤Yf kfsj háAf vfsJb.
dbÇyqƒ dkdb nhGÎ, nhGwdÙÁmfb.« (jc} 42/49-50)
ªskfmfv iadkiftj pf ƒ¤Yf nxdó jsvb ˆhQ pfsj ƒ¤Yf msbfbDk jsvb. ˆsk
Wslv sjfb rfk sbƒ. zfïfr mrfb ˆhQ Wvf pfsj kf]v zQwD jsv kf rsk dkdb
†sL¶G. (jc} 28/68)
nckvfQ icÛ-jbAf u¦mlfsbv hAfifsv ²ÃDvW sjfb rfk hf Û¢de sbƒ. kfƒ sjht
jbAfn§Àfb ianh jvfv Ist pfvf dbsuslv ²ÃDv iadk [cé rq, kfvf dbYj mcJG Sh dj?
nhƒ skf zfïfrv rfsk. kfYfVf hDu skf öfmDv. ²ÃD skf …hGv wnAs[Û. spmb hDu
skmdb Int. nckvfQ slfN rst hDu W hDu-Wqftfv slfN rWqf …dyk, udmv sjb?
i[f§Àsv 2/3de jbAf hf shfsbv pKfKG iadkiftb jvst ivjfst mrfbhD  ˆv
ifwfifdw hfn²¿fb tfH rsh. (dnn} 296 bQ)
iv§Â sp sYstv zfwf jvf pfq kf `hAfef bf rsq hAKf, tAfEf hf j]fef'W skf rsk
ifsv. ksh nh djYcƒ HfsoAv hAfifv bq dj? kjlDsv dhÇhfn W n§Âdó ˆhQ zfïfrv
…iv pKfKG Hvnf Kfjst ivm wfd§À tfH jvf pfq nQnfsv.
dmtsb pfv hDpGifk zfso rsh kfv hf kfv hQswv jfsvf mkƒ n§Àfsbv v™i-
zfjxdk rsh. öfmDv hDpG±Jtb zfso rst n§Àfb kfv dikxjcstv jfsvf mk ˆhQ ²ÃDv
hDpG±Jtb zfso Oest n§Àfb kfv mfkxjcstv jfsvf mk rsq u¦m sbsh. (hc} 3329bQ, mc}
315bQ) nckvfQ mfkf-dikf soZvhBG rstW n§Àfb jxò hf wAfmhBG zKhf ˆv dhivDkW
rsk ifsv. (hc} 6847,mc} 1500) jfvB, ‰ n§Àfsbv dikxjct hf mfkxjcst ‰ hsBGv sjfb
icv¢N hf bfvD zhwAƒ dYt pfv zfjxdk-Yfqf dbsq kfv u¦m rsqsY.
dmtsbv Yqmfn iv n§Àfb HCdmô rWqf n©Hh. ˆsk ²ÃDv iadk ns¦lrsifNB ShL
bq. jfvB n§Àfsbv oHGfwsq zh²¿fb ˆhQ kfv lcLifsbv nhGsmfe nmq dÛw mfn. (jc}
46/15) zfv kfv lcLifsbv nmq rt lcƒ hYv (24 mfn). (jc} 31/14) zkˆh
zhdwó Yqmfn osHGv bcAbkm nmq dbLGfvB jvsk sjfb ns¦lr sbƒ.
2/3 hYv iCshG öfmD-dmtsb nkD-nfL¶Dv n§Àfb zShL bq. spsrkc hù mdrtfv
oHGjft öfHfdhj nmq rskW zdLj rsq Kfsj.
osHGv nmq nfLHfk, i]fyHfuf ƒkAfdlv …{nh W zbcôfb dhufkDq iaKf. ƒntfsm
ˆnh ShL bq. zbcv™i sifk ifEfsbf ƒkAfdl iaKfW.
oHGjfst odHGBD dbsuv zKhf kfv ë™sBv sjfb [dkv zfwËf Kfjst svfpf jfpf
jvsk ifsv. (mh} 14/110)
lfƒ W nfrfpAjfdvBD hAkDk zbAfbA mdrtfslv n§ÀfbHCdmô jvf slJf (odHGBDv
ocåfÌ lwGb) ShL bq. (mc} 338bQ) ianCdkoxsr stfrf, sY]Vfuft, mcsVf U]fef iaHxdk
vfJf dwjG.
ianhp§ÃBf pkƒ lDOG srfj bf sjb (Jcb bf HfÌst) bfmfspv nmq bfmfp mfI sbƒ.
spHfsh n©Hh snƒHfshƒ bfmfp iVsk rsh. (Im} 35ix})
n§Àfb-jfÌftD l©idkv dhivDk zfv ˆj l©idk vsqsY pfvf ncJD idvhfv oVfv
ösi´ idvhfv-idvj¬ibf kKf u¦mdbq§ÃsBv nfrfpA dbsq Kfsj. kfslv sw½fofb rt
`zfmvf lcƒ zfmfslv lcƒ' ƒkAfdl. dj§Â ˆƒHfsh dbdlGó-nQJAj n§Àfb dbsq
u¦mdbq§ÃB jvf ƒntfm idvi§¿D jmG. spsrkc ƒntfm zdLj n§ÀfblfÛD bfvDsj
dhhfr jvsk …äcÝ jsv. nQJAfodvôkf ƒntfsmv jfmA.
iv§Â sjb ˆ u¦mdbq§ÃB? JfWqfsk-ivfsk ifvsh bf ˆƒ Hsq zKhf mfbcN jvsk
ifvsh bf ˆƒ Hsq? iaKm Hq pfslv rq kfvf zfïfrv iadk jcLfvBf vfsJ. zfïfr
pfsj nxdó jsvb, kfsj kfv v¢uDW dbdlGó jsv slb. zfïfr hstb, ªixdKhDv iaskAj
uDshv uDdhjfv lfdqk¶ zfïfrvƒ.« (jc}11/6) ªˆmb hù uDh zfsY pfvf dbsuslv
JflA umf vfsJ bf (nQoar jvsk z[m), zfïfrƒ Wslvsj ˆhQ skfmfslvsj
uDhsbfijvB lfb jsv Kfsjb. dkdb nhGswafkf, nhGÎ.« (jc} 29/60)
nckvfQ Hq djsnv? hù ufkj skf ubjsjƒ pKfnmsq ncJnfmoaD lfb jsv Kfsj,
ksh ubsjv …s¬ef Hq sjb? hvQ ˆƒHfsh zfïfr …Hqsjƒ v¢uD dlsq Kfsjb,
ksh rkAf dj ubA?
zfïfr hstb, ªskfmfslv n§Àfbsj lfdvlaA-Hsq rkAf jsvf bf, Wslvsj ˆhQ
skfmfslvsj zfdmƒ v¢uD dlsq Kfdj. dbÇyqƒ Wslvsj rkAf jvf mrfifi.« (jc}
17/31)
zfv mfbcN jvfv Hq sjfb Hq bq. mfbcN jsv osV kctsk syóf jvst zfïfr
nfrfpA jvshb. ªzfïfrsj sp Hq jsv zfïfr kfv ubA nmfLfb nru jsv slb.«
(jc} 65/4) kfYfVf jk n§Àfb zmfbcsNv OsvW mfbcNv™si osV …sE. sjfbX znDtfq
sj mfbcN rsq pfq, sj htsk ifsv? zfhfv jk hfsiv ˆjmfÛ sYstW zmfbcN rsqƒ
sKsj pfq. hf²Àhƒ kfv iamfB.
nckvfQ de…shÅAfdm hf HAfsnÅAfdmv mfLAsm hf oHGfwq kcst sIst us¦mv iK
ˆsjhfsv há jsv slWqf ShL bq. zhwA pdl mdrtfv ianshv nmq lmhá rWqfv
(iafB pfWqfv) Hq Kfsj zKhf nDuAfv YfVf kfv ianhƒ bf rq, ksh ˆmb nËsev
s[sÛ zokAfq u¦m-…ifq dbmGCt jvf ShL rsh.
dj§Â ˆsjhfsv dbmCGt bf jsv djYc nmsqv ubA há vfJf pfq dj bf? ²ÃD pdl iaskAj
h{nv n§Àfb dlsq lchGt W svfof rsq pfq hf Ob-Ob n§Àfb lfsbv Ist sjfb ²ÃDsvfo
kfsj iDdVkf jsv skfst, kfrst eAfhste zfdl hAhrfv jsv lcƒ n§Àfsbv mfsUv
nmqsj djYc tìf jvf ShL. ˆv ShLkf vnCt  ˆv pcso djYc nfrfhDv zfpXt (nÌsm
hDpG±Jtsbv nmq spfbDisKv hfƒsv hDpGifk jvf) sKsj iamfdBk rq. (dp} 31-33ix},
dlk} 44ix}, Im} 52,93ix}, dthfmf} 26/18,21)
oHGhkDv uDhb pfWqfv zfwËf bf rst osHGv 4/5 mfn iv ë™B bó jvf hf
oHGifk jvf rfvfm. jfvB, kf uDdhk ˆj i»fBrkAfv wfdmt. 4 mfn iCshG sjfb svfo
hf [dkv zfwËfq ˆjf§À iasqfusb ShL.
nDuAfv jsv n§Àfb ianhW ShL. mfsqv ufb h]fyfsk mxk ë™B zifsvwb jsv shv
jvf Wqfsuh. spmb mxkodHGBDv osHG pdl uDdhk ë™B Kfsj ˆhQ nDuAfv jsv shv
jvst kfv h]fyfv zfwf Kfsj ksh mxkfv nDuAfv ShL; bsy{ bq. (dlk} 46ix}, kfmc} 53-57ix})
ë™sBv hqn 4 mfn iCBG rsq bó rst hf jvst kfv zfjDjf jvf …Ùm. (dthfmf}
26/34)
idvswsN, zfïfr njt l©idksj dyvncJD jv¢b. idvhfv srfj ncsJv. dikf-mfkf
srfj zflswGv. n§Àfb srfj hfLA. nQJAfq wcLc bq, hvQ Îfb-dhÎfb, äDb W ydvsÛ
ˆj jKfq nhGjtAfsB …©mskv waDhxdÝ srfj.
‫ﺎﻣﺎ‬
ً ‫ﺍﺟ َﻌ ﹾﻠَﻨﺎ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ ُﻤﱠﺘ ِﻘ ْﻴ َﻦ ِﺇ َﻣ‬
ْ ‫ﺍﺟَﻨﺎ ﻭَ ﹸﺫ ﱢﺭﱠﻳ ِﺎﺗَﻨﺎ ﻗﹸ ﱠﺮ ﹶﺓ ﹶﺃ ْﻋُﻴ ٍﻦ ﱠﻭ‬
ِ ‫ َﺭﺑﱠَﻨﺎ ﻫَﺐْ ﻟﹶَﻨﺎ ِﻣ ْﻦ ﹶﺃ ْﺯ َﻭ‬
ªsr zfmfslv iadkiftj! zfmfslv ²ÃD W n§Àfbslvsj zfmfslv ubA bqbiaDdkjv ˆhQ
ivsrpofvslv ubA zfmfslvsj zflwGöv™i hfbfW.«
 ‫א‬
nQsjk-idvdydk W im
» fBiÓD
1. jc} = zftjcvzfb jfvDm.
2. zf} = mcnbfsl zfrml.
3. zfdJdb} = zfrjfmc dJkhfdkb dbjfdr dIt ƒntfm, FÅv wWjk …tfƒqAfb.
4. zflf} = zfhc lf†l.
5. zfdb} = ufdm… zfrjfdmb dbnf, mc²ÀfIf zft zflfhD.
6. zfI} = zfIvfùbf, zÎfk.
7. zfIfƒ} = zfIDj¶D ƒqf Ifkfkft ƒntfm, nftmfb zft zf…lfr.
8. zfhc ƒqftf} = mcnbfl.
9. zfdp} = zflfhcp dpIfI, wfqJ zfthfbD.
10. zfvf} = zfècv vfpfpfj, mcnfâfI.
11. ƒzfwf} = ƒhsb zfhD wfƒhfr, mcnfâfI.
12. ƒkf} = ƒntfmD kf'tDm, zfècn nftfm hf²ÀhD.
13. ƒmf} = ƒhsb mfufr.
14. ƒv = ƒvWqf…t oftDt, mcrfdÜn zfthfbD.
15. ƒ'tfmct mczfdÄ„b, ƒhbct jfƒsqAm.
16. ƒdr} = ƒhsb drêfb, nrDr.
17. …n} = zjfIfk mfzft …nvfr, nfhvD wfrDb.
18. djlf} = djkfhcl lfWqfr, ƒhsb hfp.
19. Jfpc}= JfmnCbf pcrvfr dmb rfj¶dtb bcnXr, zfèct zfpDp zftmcjdht.
20. kƒjf} = kInDv ƒhsb jfnDv.
21. kf} = k¶frfhD , mcwdjtct zfnfv.
22. k¶fh} = k¶fhfvfbD.
23. kfmc} = kfmhDrfkct mc'dmbfk, nfstr zft If…pfb.
24. kfpc} = bfpvfk, ID kfzfÜcdlp pf…ufk, F} mr} mcndIv zfpXpfrXvfbD.
25. dk} = dkvdmpD.
26. kczf} = kcrIfkct zfv™n, mfrmCl mfrlD ƒ²ÀfìctD.
27. lkf} = ltDtck¶ k¶fdth, ID ùjXdm bpdvt Jfdk¶h, mcnfƒl zft-Ifdtr.
28. dlk} = dvnftfkcb ID dlmfƒk k¶fhDƒqAfdk dtbXdbnf, wfqJ mcrf} zft-
…nfƒmDb.
29. bf} = bfnf„.
30. Iƒ} = zft-IfkfWqf zft- ƒntfdmqAfr, n…lD …tfmf nQO.
31. Iƒu} = zft-IfkfWqf zft-ƒudkmfƒqAfr, ƒhsb hfp, ƒhsb …nfƒmDb
32. I…} = IfkfWqf ƒhsb …nfƒmDb.
33. Ifkùt hfvD, ƒhsb rfufv zft-zfnjftfbD.
34. Ibf} = IfkfWqf bfpDdvqAfr.
35. Im} = IfkfWqft mfvzfr, ƒhsb …nfƒmDb, zfècïfr dhb zft-duhvDb.
36. Imfmc} = IfkfWqft mfvzfdkt mcndtmfr, nÑqsb zfwvfI zfèct mfjnCl.
37. Ifmcdb} = zft-IfkfWqft mcdr©mfr, dtdbnfƒt …©mfr. ƒhsb hfp, ƒhsb
…nfƒmDb, ƒhsb duhvDb.
38. dInc} = dIjùn ncâfr, nfƒsql nfshj.
39. hf} = hfƒrfjD.
40. hc} = hcJfvD.
41. mh} = mfufïfkct hùdnt ƒntfdmqAfr.
42. mfbfv¢n nfhDt, ƒhafrDm pczfƒqAfb.
43. mfmfmc} = mfn†dtqfkct mfvzfdkt mcndtmfr, zfècïfr zft-ufv¢ïfr.
44. mfmc} = zft mfvzfkct mcndtmfr, WqfrXhD nctfƒmfb zft-zfthfbD.
45. dm} = dmwjfkct mfnfhDr.
46. mc} = mcndtm.
47. mcobD} = zftmcobD, ƒhsb jclfmfr.
48. pfmf} pflct mfzfl, ƒhbct jfƒsqAm.
49. dp} = zfp-dpWqfu, ƒhsb …nfƒmDb.
50. pDmfmc} = pDbfkct mfvzfdkt mcndtmfr, F} Ifdkmf dnÜDj bcuCm.
51. vfJc} = ƒtf vfêfdkt JclCv, zfhc zfbfn zftD.
52. vfIfdb} = zfv-vfnfƒtc zt IfkfWqfb dbnfƒqAfr, ƒhsb hfp.
53. dthfmf} = dtjf…t hf-dht mfIkcr, ƒhsb …nfƒmDb.
54. dtwf} = zft-dtjf…w wfrvD.
55. nzflf} = nrDr zfhc lf…l, zfïfmf zfthfbD.
56. nƒmf} = nrDr ƒhsb mfufr, zfïfmf zfthfbD.
57. nuf} = nrDr zft-uf-dm…n nfoDv zdpqflfkcr, zfïfmf zfthfbD.
58. nkf} = nrDr zfÙfvoDh zÙfvrDh, zfïfmf zfthfbD.
59. ndk} = nrDr dkvdmpD, zfïfmf zfthfbD.
60. nbf} = nrDr bfnf„, zfïfmf zfthfbD.
61. dnmcnf} = dnIfkct mc'dmbfdkn nf-dlj¶fr, bfWqft dh§ÀX zfècïfr.
62. dnn} = zfn-dntdntfkcn nrDrfr, zfthfbD.
63. ncmfmc} = nctCjct mfvzfdkt mcndtmfr, nfƒdqlD mcrf©ml wfbj¶Dk¶D.
64. rf} = rfsjm, mc²Àflvfj.
65. rfrf = ƒntfm sm] rftft z rfvfm, ƒ…ncI j¶fvpfhD, zbchfl, wfmXn iDvpflfr.
66. ùmf} = ùj¶Cj¶ct mfvzfdkt mcndtmfr, jWnv zft-mDbfhD.

zbcsvfL
hƒde zfibfv iVf swN rst
zfidb zivsj …irfv dlb
zKhf iVsk dlb.
** LbAhfl **

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zkˆh hv-jsb dbhGfysbv nmq}

dhhfsrv iCshG slwfyfv

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