Summary of BAFIA, 2073 Krishna Niraula (CA)

……a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL P]g, @)&#Æ

g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sflzt j}zfv !) ut], @)&$ ;fn –
bkmf != ;+lIfKt gfd, lj:tf/ / k|f/De M
kl/R5]b–@ Af}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf ;DaGwL Joj:yf
#= Af}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfkgf M -!_ Af}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf ug{ rfxg] s'g} klg JolQmn] To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd klAns lnld6]8 sDkgLsf] ?kdf btf{ u/fpg' kg{]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd sDkgL btf{ ug{ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd clVtof/ kfPsf] clwsf/Ln] sDkgL btf{ ubf{ bkmf $
sf] cwLgdf /xL ug'{ kg]{5 .
$= Af}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfkgf ug{' k"j{ :jLs[lt lng' kg]{ M -!_ bkmf # sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf btf{
ug{ b]xfosf sfuhft ;+nUg u/L /fi6« a}+sn] tf]s]sf] b:t'/ ;lxt k"j{ :jLs[ltsf] nflu /fi6« a}+s ;dIf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5
M–
-s_ k|:tfljt Af}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|aGwkq,
-v_ k|:tfljt Af}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] lgodfjnL,
-u_ k|:tfljt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;DefJotf cWoog k|ltj]bg,
-3_ /fi6« a}+sn] tf]s]sf] 9fFrfdf lgj]bssf] JolQmut ljj/0f,
-ª_ k|:tfljt Af}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf ug{ lgj]bsaLr s'g} ;Demf}tf ePsf] /x]5 eg] To:tf] ;Demf}tfsf] k|dfl0ft
k|ltlnlk,
-r_ lgj]bssf] nufgLsf] >f]t v'n]sf] ljj/0f / o; bkmf adf]lhd lgj]bg lbg' eGbf tTsfn cl3Nnf] cfly{s jif{;Ddsf]
s/ r'Qmf u/]sf] k|df0f,
-5_ lgj]bs g]kfn jf ljb]zdf bfdf;fxLdf k/] gk/]sf], s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 shf{ lnP glnPsf], a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yf;Fusf] s'g} sf/f]af/df sfnf];"rLdf k/] gk/]sf], k/]sf] eP ;f] k'ms'jf eO{ tLg jif{sf] cjlw Joltt eP gePsf]
ljj/0f,
-h_ lgj]bssf] lj?4 7uL, hfn;fhL, jf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd s;'/ dflgg] sfo{df g]kfn jf ljb]zdf s'g} sf/afxL
grn]sf] Pj+ To:tf] s;'/hGo sfo{df ;hfo gkfPsf] :j3f]if0ff,
-em_ lgj]bs g]kfn jf ljb]zsf] s'g} klg lgodgsf/L jf ;'kl/j]If0f ug]{ lgsfo jf clwsf/Laf6 sf/afxLdf k/] gk/]sf],
lgh ;+nUg /x]sf] sDkgL jf ;+:yfsf] Ohfhtkq lgnDag jf /2 ePsf] jf afWofTds vf/]hLdf k/]sf] jf kg]{ qmddf /x]
g/x]sf] ljj/0f,
-`_ lgj]bssf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:osf] gfd, y/ / gftf tyf pNn]Vo :jfldTj jf pNn]Vo x}l;otsf] ljj/0f /
-6_ lgj]bssf] ljQLo tyf Jofj;flos k[i7e"ldsf] ;DaGwdf hfFra'em ug{ jf u/fpg jf To:tf] ;"rgf tyf hfgsf/L
cfbfg k|bfg ug{ u/fpg /fi6« a}+snfO{ lbPsf] lnlvt clVtof/L,
-7_ /fi6« a}+saf6 tf]lsPsf] ;Ldf;Ddsf] lgIf]k ;'/If0f ug{] k|lta4tf,
-8_ /fi6« a}+sn] ;do ;dodf tf]lslbPsf] cGo ljj/0f tyf sfuhft .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k"j{ :jLs[ltsf] nflu k|fKt lgj]bg / ;f] ;fy ;+nUg sfuhftsf] hfFra'em ubf{ :jLs[lt lbg
pko'Qm x'g] b]v]df /fi6« a}+sn] s'g} zt{ tf]sL jf gtf]sL To;/L lgj]bg kg{ cfPsf] Ps;o aL; lbgleq To:tf] a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf ug{ k"j{ :jLs[lt lbg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf JolQm / lghsf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:osf] pNn]Vo :jfldTj ePsf]
kmd{ jf sDkgLnfO{ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf ug{ k"j{ :jLs[lt lbOg] 5}g M—
-s_ /fi6« a}+ssf] lgodgsf/L sf/afxLdf k/]sf],
-v_ a}+lsË s;'/df ;hfo kfPsf],
-u_ 7uL, hfn;fhL, lst]{df ;hfo kfPsf],
-3_ ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cft+sjfbL lqmofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL s;'/df ;hfo kfPsf],
-ª_ e|i6frf/ ;DaGwL s;'/df ;hfo ePsf],
-r_ dfgj a]rlavg, ckx/0f, z/L/aGws, hj/h:tL s/0fL h:tf uDeL/ k|s[ltsf s;'/df ;hfo kfPsf] .
ljb]zL nufgLdf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf
%= ljb]zL nufgLdf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf ug{ k"j{ :jLs[lt lng' kg{] M
-!_ s'g} ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] g]kfndf ;+:yfkgf ePsf] ;+ul7t ;+:yf jf g]kfnL gful/s;Fu ldnL ;+o'Qm nufgLdf
jf /fi6« a}+sn] tf]s] adf]lhdsf] z]o/ :jfldTj sfod x'g] u/L ;xfos sDkgLsf] ?kdf o; P]g adf]lhd a}+s jf ljQLo

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 Summary of BAFIA, 2073 Krishna Niraula (CA)

;+:yf ;+:yfkgf ug{ k"j{ :jLs[lt lng] k|of]hgsf] nflu lgj]bg lbFbf bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt sfuhftx?sf
cltl/Qm /fi6« a}+sn] tf]s]sf] b:t'/ ;lxt b]xfo adf]lhdsf sfuhft tyf ljj/0f ;d]t k]z ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|aGwkq, lgodfjnL tyf ;DalGwt d'n'sdf pQm a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf btf{ ePsf]
k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk / k"FhL ;+/rgf,
-v_ ;DalGwt d'n'sdf a}+lsË tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ug{ k|fKt u/]sf] Ohfhtkqsf] k|ltlnlk,
-u_ sf/f]af/ ug]{ d'Vo :yfg ;DaGwL ljj/0f,
-3_;+:yfsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ul/Psf] kl5Nnf] tLg cfly{s jif{sf] jf;nft / gfkmf– gf]S;fg lx;fasf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk,
-ª_ g]kfndf k|:tfljt Joj;fosf] of]hgf, Jofj;flos /0fgLlt tyf ;~rfng ug]{ sf/f]af/sf] lsl;d, cfGtl/s lgoGq0f
/ hf]lvd Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL ljj/0f,
-r_;DalGwt d'n'ssf] sfg"g adf]lhd g]kfndf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf vf]Ngu/]sf] lg0f{o / To:tf] d'n'ssf]lgodgsf/L
lgsfon] lbPsf] clVtof/L .
^= a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] zfvf sfof{no vf]Ng k"j{ :jLs[lt lng' kg{] .
kl/R5]b–# lwtf]kqsf] sf/f]af/ ;DaGwL Joj:yf
*= ljj/0fkq M -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] lwtf]kqsf] ;fj{hlgs lgisfzg ug'{ cufj} lwtf]kq ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"g
adf]lhd :jLs[lt k|fKt u/L cfkm\gf] ljj/0fkq /fi6« a}+s ;dIf btf{ u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ljj/0fkq btf{ gu/fP;Dd ;f] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf jf To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] tk{maf6
s;}n] klg To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ljj/0fkq k|sfzg ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg lwtf]kq af]8{af6 ljj/0fkq btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwdf :jLs[lt k|bfg u/]sf]
hfgsf/L lnlvt ?kdf k|fKt gu/];Dd /fi6« a}+sn] To:tf] ljj/0fkq btf{ ug]{ 5}g .
(= z]o/sf] afF8kmfF6 M -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfˆgf] s"n hf/L k"FhLsf] sDtLdf tL; k|ltzt z]o/ ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{
laqmL ljt/0f ug{sf] nflu 5'6\ofpg' kg]{5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æ;j{;fwf/0fÆ eGgfn] k|fs[lts JolQmnfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ 5'6\ofPsf] z]o/ tf]lsPsf] cjlwleq ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ laqmL ljt/0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
o;/L laqmL ubf{ laqmL gePsf] To:tf] z]o/ cGo kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfnfO{ laqmL ljt/0f ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-#_ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt xb afx]ssf] )=% k|ltzt z]o/ sd{rf/Lsf] nflu 5'6\ofpg ;Sg]5
.
-$_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] rfx]df /fi6« a}+sn] tf]s]sf] k|lqmof k'/f u/L ;+:yfks z]o/ ;d"xsf] :jfldTj PsfpGg k|ltzteGbf
sd gx'g] u/L afFsL c+z ;j{;fwf/0f z]o/ ;d"xdf kl/0ft ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-&_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] z]o/ vl/bsf] nflu ;j{;fwf/0faf6 b/vf:t cfXjfg ubf{ z]o/sf] c+lst d"Nosf] zt k|ltzt
/sd b/vf:t ;fy dfu ug'{ kg]{5 .
!)= lwtf]kq sf/f]af/ M -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfˆgf] lwtf]kq ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ lgisfzg ubf{ To:tf] lwtf]kqsf] laqmL,
afF8kmfF6, ljlgd]o ;DaGwL sfo{ lwtf]kq ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] s'g} lwtf]kq Joj;foL ;+:yf dfk{mt lwtf]kq sf/f]af/ ug]{ ;DaGwdf u/]sf] ;Demf}tfsf] Ps k|lt
To:tf] ;Demf}tf ePsf] ldltn] ;ft lbgleq /fi6« a}+s ;dIf a'emfpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] s'g} klg k|sf/sf] l8a]~r/ jf ljQLo pks/0f hf/L ubf{ /fi6« a}+ssf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] :jLs[lt lbFbf /fi6« a}+sn] cfjZos zt{ tf]Sg ;Sg]5 / To:tf] zt{sf] kfngf ug'{ ;DalGwt
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
!!= z]o/ laqmL jf lwtf]aGws ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ a}+s jfljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfksn] ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;~rfng
u/]sf]sDtLdf kfFr jif{ gk'u];Dd cfˆgf] gfddf /x]sf] z]o/ æljz]if kl/l:yltÆ jfx]s laqmL ug{ jf lwtf]aGws /fVg kfpg]
5}g .
-#_ ;+:yfksn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] sf/f]af/ ;~rfng u/]sf] ldltn] kfFr jif{ k'u]kl5 / ;j{;fwf/0fdf z]o/ hf/L u/]kl5
cfˆgf] gfddf /x]sf] z]o/ laqmL ug{ jf lwtf]aGws /fVg rfx]df /fi6« a}+ssf] :jLs[lt lnO{ laqmL u/]sf] To:tf] z]o/ ;+:yfks
;d"xdf g} /xg] u/L laqmL ug{jf lwtf]aGws /fVg ;Sg]5 .
-$_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] sf/f]af/ ;~rfng u/]sf] bz jif{ k'u]kl5 k"FhL ahf/, a}+lsË nufot ;du| ljQLo If]qdf kg]{
k|efj ;d]tnfO{ ljrf/ u/L /fi6« a}+ssf] :jLs[ltdf ;+:yfks z]o/ qmdzM ;j{;fwf/0f z]o/df kl/0ft ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-%_;+:yfkssf] z]o/ s'g} sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfn] lnPsf] cj:yfdf To:tf] sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] pNn]Vo :jfldTj
ePsf z]o/wgLx?df x]/km]/, z]o/ laqmL jf x:tfGt/0f ug{' cl3 /fi6« a}+ssf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lng' kg{]5 . t/ a}+s jf ljQLo

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 Summary of BAFIA, 2073 Krishna Niraula (CA)

;+:yfsf] r'Stf k"FhLsf] b'O{ k|ltzteGbf sd z]o/ wf/0f ug{] sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfn] z]o/ laqmL jf x:tfGt/0f ug{' cl3
/fi6« a}+ssf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lng cfjZos kg{] 5}g .
!@= lwtf]kq sf/f]af/ ug{df aGb]h M -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns, sfo{sf/L k|d'v, n]vfk/LIfs, sDkgL ;lrj jf
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg tyf n]vf ;DaGwL sfo{df k|ToIf ?kn] ;+nUg JolQmn] To:tf] kbdf axfn /xFbfsf avt
jf To:tf] kbaf6 cjsfz k|fKt u/]sf] ldltn] Ps jif{;Dd ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf jf To;sf] ;xfos sDkgLsf]
lwtf]kq cfˆgf] jf cfˆgf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:o jf cGo s'g} klg JolQm jf To:tf JolQmsf] lgoGq0fdf /x]sf] kmd{, sDkgL jf
;+:yfsf] gfddf jf cGo JolQmnfO{ vl/b laqmL ug{ u/fpg, ug{ lbg, lwtf]aGws /fVg, /fVg nufpg jf bfg as; lng,
lbg, x:tfGt/0f ug{ jf n]gb]g ug{ x'Fb}g . t/ af]g; z]o/, xsk|b z]o/, sd{rf/LnfO{ 5'6\ofOPsf] z]o/ jf gofF z]o/ hf/L
x'Fbf jf /fi6« a}+ssf] lgb]{zg sfof{Gjog ubf{ jf s'g} ;~rfns jf ;~rfns lgo'Qm ug{] clwsf/ kfPsf] ;+ul7t ;+:yfn]
s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf cfˆgf] gfddf /x]sf] ;Dk"0f{ z]o/ laqmL ubf{ jf kl/R5]b–!) adf]lhd a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf Ps
cfk;df ufEbf ufleFbf jf Pp6f a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] csf{] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf k|flKt ubf{ jf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
;~rfngdf s'g} afwf Jojwfg pTkGg ePdf /fi6« a}+ssf] :jLs[lt lnO{ ;+:yfks ;~rfns jf ;~rfnsaLr Ps cfk;df
lwtf]kq vl/b laqmL ug{ jf ;d:ofu|:t a}+ssf] ;'wf/fTds jf km/kmf/vsf] k|lqmofdf x'g] z]o/sf] vl/b laqmL jf x:TffGt/0f
ug]{ u/fpg] sfdsf/afxLnfO{ of] pkbkmfn] afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
!#= a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfˆgf] z]o/ cfk}mn] vl/b ug{ gx'g] M
-!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfˆgf] z]o/ cfk}mn] vl/b ug{ jf hdfgtdf /fvL shf{ lbg x'Fb}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf cj:yfdf /fi6« a}+ssf] :jLs[lt lnO{ ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfn] /fi6« a}+sn] tf]s]sf] k|ltztdf ga9\g] u/L nfef+zsf] ?kdf ljt/0f x'g ;Sg] ;l~rt d'gfkmfsf] /sdaf6 cfˆgf]
z]o/ cfk}mn] vl/b ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] hf/L u/]sf] z]o/sf] ;Dk"0f{ /sd e'QmfgL eO{ ;s]sf] eP,
-v_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] hf/L u/]sf] z]o/ lwtf]kq ahf/df ;"rLs[t eO{ ;s]sf] eP,
-u_ cfˆgf] z]o/ cfk}m vl/b ug{ ;Sg]Joj:yf ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] lgodfjnLdf ePsf] eP,
-3_ cfˆgf] z]o/cfkm} vl/b ug{ ;Sg]u/L ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;fwf/0f ;efdfljz]if k|:tfjkfl/t ePsf] eP,
-ª_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] r'Qmf ug'{ kg]{ C0f /sd a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfˆgf] z]o/ cfk}mn] vl/b u/L ;s]kl5 kF"hL
tyf ;fwf/0f hu]8f sf]ifsf] /sdsf] cg'kftdf bf]Aa/eGbf a9L gx'g] eP,
-r_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] vl/b ug]{ cfˆgf] z]o/sf] /sd s'n r'Qmf k"FhL tyf ;fwf/0f hu]8f sf]ifsf] /sdsf] aL;
k|ltzteGbf a9L gx'g] eP,
-5_ cfˆgf] z]o/ cfk}m vl/b ubf{ /fi6« a}+saf6 a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ hf/L k"FhLsf]if ;DaGwL lgb{]zgsf] kfngf x'g] eP,
-h_ cfˆgf] z]o/ cfk}m vl/b ug]{ ;DaGwdf /fi6« a}+sn] ;do ;dodf hf/L u/]sf] lgb]{zg k|lts"n gx'g] eP .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] z]o/ cfkm} vl/b ug{] :jLs[ltsf nflu ljj/0f v'nfO{ /fi6«
a}+s ;dIf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 M–
kl/R5]b–$ ;~rfns ;ldlt / sfo{sf/L k|d'v ;DaGwL Joj:yf
!$= ;~rfns ;ldltsf] u7g M -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf sDtLdf kfFr / a9Ldf ;ft hgf ;~rfnsx? /x]sf] Ps
;~rfns ;ldlt /xg]5 .
-@_ ;~rfnssf] lgo'lQm o; P]g tyf lgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;fwf/0f ;efn] ug{]5 . t/,–
-s_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|yd jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef geP;Ddsf] cjlwsf] nflu ;~rfnssf] lgo'lQm ;+:yfksåf/f
ul/g]5 .
-v_ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef x'g'eGbf cufj} s'g} ;~rfnssf] kb l/Qm x'g cfPdf csf]{ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef geP;Ddsf]
nflu ;~rfnssf] lgo'lQm ;~rfns ;ldltåf/f ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-u_ s'g} ;+ul7t ;+:yfn] z]o/ lnPsf] ePdf ;f] ;+:yfn] z]o/sf] cg'kftdf x'g cfpg] ;~rfns dgf]gog ug{ ;Sg]5 /
To;/L dgf]gog ubf{ Pp6} JolQmnfO{ PseGbf a9L a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf dgf]gog ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
-3_ v08 -u_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf ;~rfns /x]sf] JolQm k"jf{wf/ ljsf;
a}+sdf ;~rfns x'g eg] o; Joj:yfn] afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-#_ ;~rfns ;ldltn] bkmf !& adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf tyf cg'ej ePsf JolQmdWo]af6 sDtLdf Ps hgf :jtGq ;~rfns
lgo'lQm u/L ;f]sf] hfgsf/L To:tf] lgo'lQm kl5 a:g] klxnf] ;fwf/0f ;efdf lbg' kg]{5 .
t/ a+}s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfks, ;~rfns jf z"Go bzdnj Ps k|ltzteGbf a9L z]o/ lnPsf] z]o/wgL tyf lghsf]
kl/jf/ :jtGq ;~rfns x'g kfpg] 5}g .

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 Summary of BAFIA, 2073 Krishna Niraula (CA)

-$_ pkbkmf -!_ / -#_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg Ps kl/jf/af6 Ps a+}s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf Ps}k6s PseGbf
a9L JolQm ;~rfns x'g kfpg] 5}g .
-%_ ;~rfnsn] cfk"mdWo] ax'dtaf6 5fg]sf] JolQm ;~rfns ;ldltsf] cWoIf x'g]5 .
-^_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] z]o/ lnPsf] sDkgL, ;+ul7t ;+:yf, ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfk"mn] lnPsf] z]o/sf]
cg'kftdf ;~rfns lgo'lQm ubf{ ;~rfnssf] cltl/Qm lghsf] cg'kl:yltdf sfd ug{ ;Sg] u/L j}slNks ;~rfns ;d]t
lgo'lQm ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!%= ;~rfnssf] kbfjlw M -!_ ;~rfnssf] sfo{sfn lgodfjnLdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd a9Ldf rf/ jif{sf] x'g]5 / lgh
k'gM lgo'lQm tyf dgf]lgt x'g ;Sg]5 . t/ :jtGq ;~rfns Ps sfo{sfnsf nflu dfq lgo'Qm x'g ;Sg]5 . -@_ pkbkmf
-!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg of] P]g k|f/De ePkl5 lgo'Qm ePsf] sfo{sf/L cWoIf jf k|aGw ;+rfns nuftf/
b'O{ sfo{sfn;Dd dfq /xg ;Sg]5 .
!^= ;~rfnssf] of]Uotf M -!_ ;~rfnssf] kbdf lgo'lQm x'g] JolQmsf] of]Uotf b]xfo adf]lhd x'g'kg]{5 M–
-s_ ljb]zL jf :jb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf jf ;DalGwt If]qsf ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns jf kbflwsf/L txdf jf g]kfn
;/sf/sf] clws[t :t/df sDtLdf kfFr jif{ sfd u/]sf], jf
-v_ :gftsf]kflw xfl;n u/]sf] / ljb]zL jf :jb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf jf ;DalGwt If]qsf ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] ;+rfns
jf kbflwsf/L txdf jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sDtLdf clws[t :t/df sDtLdf tLg jif{ sfd u/]sf], jf -u_ tf]lsP adf]lhd
;DalGwt ljifodf :gftsf]Q/ pkflw xfl;n u/]sf]
!&= :jtGq ;~rfnssf] of]Uotf M a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] :jtGq ;~rfnssf] lgo'lQm ubf{ b]xfosf] of]Uotf tyf cg'ej
k|fKt JolQm dWo]af6 ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ …sÚ ju{sf] a}+s jf …vÚ ju{sf] /fli6«o:t/sf] ljsf; a}+ssf] xsdf /fi6« a}+sn] tf]s]sf] ljifodf :gftsf]Q/ u/L /fi6«
a}+sn] tf]s] adf]lhd cg'ej k|fKt JolQm,
-v_ …vÚ ju{sf] /fli6«o:t/sf] ljsf; a}+s afx]s …vÚ ju{sf] cGo ljsf; a}+s Pj+ …uÚ ju{sf] ljQLo ;+:yfsf] xsdf /fi6«
a}+sn] tf]s]sf] ljifodf :gfts u/L /fi6« a}+sn] tf]s] adf]lhd cg'ej k|fKt JolQm,
-u_ …3Ú ju{sf] n3'ljQ ljQLo ;+:yfsf] xsdf /fi6« a}+sn] tf]s] adf]lhd of]Uotf tyf cg'ej k|fKt JolQm .
!*= ;~rfnssf] cof]Uotf M -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns x'g b]xfosf] JolQm of]Uo x'g] 5}gM–
-s_ @% jif{ pd]/ k"/f gePsf],
-v_ duh lalu|Psf] jf dfgl;s ;Gt'ng 7Ls gePsf],
-u_ g]kfnleq jf ljb]zdf shf{ ltg{ g;sL ;fx'sf] bfdf;fxLdf k/]sf],
-3_ g]kfnleq jf ljb]zdf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf;Fusf] s'g} sf/f]af/df sfnf];"rL jf l8kmN6/df k/L ;f]
sfnf];"rL jf l8kmN6/af6 k'ms'jf ePsf] ldltn] sDtLdf tLg jif{ k"/f gePsf],
-ª_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf jf s'g} klg k|sf/sf] lgIf]k ;+sng ug]{ tyf ladf ;DaGwL Joj;fo ;~rfng ug]{ ;+ul7t
;+:yfsf] axfnjfnf ;~rfns jf sd{rf/L,
-r_ ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] C0fL jf axfnjfnf n]vfk/LIfs jf ;Nnfxsf/ jf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf;Fu s'g}
lsl;dsf] 7]Ssf k§fdf lx:;]bf/ /x]sf] jf lghL :jfy{ /x]sf] JolQm, kmd{ / sDkgL,
-5_ lwtf]kq Joj;foLsf] ?kdf sfo{ ug{ lwtf]kq ahf/sf] ;b:otf k|fKt u/]sf] jf dr{]06 a}+s/,
-h_ Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfsf] ;+rfnsdf axfn /x]sf] JolQm,
-em_ z]o/ :jfldTjsf sf/0fn] ;~rfns x'g ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] lgodfjnL adf]lhd
;~rfns x'gsf] nflu lng'kg]{ Go"gtd z]o/ glnPsf] JolQm,
-`_ g]kfn ;/sf/ jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jfldTj k|fKt ;+ul7t ;+:yf jf /fi6« a}+s jf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] axfnjfnf
sd{rf/L, t/ g]kfn ;/sf/ jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jfldTj k|fKt ;+:yfn] z]o/ vl/b u/]sf] jf /fi6« a}+s jf a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfn] z]o/ vl/b u/]sf] n3'ljQ ;+:yf jf k"jf{wf/ ljsf; a}+sdf ;~rfns dgf]lgt ug{ o; Joj:yfn] afwf k'¥ofPsf]
dflgg] 5}g .
-6_ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ltg'{ kg]{ s/ r'Qmf gu/]sf],
-7_ rf]/L, 7uL, lst]{, hfn;fhL, e|i6frf/, g}lts ktg b]lvg] s'g} klg kmf}hbf/L s;'/ jf a}+lsË s;'/ u/]sf] cleof]udf
g]kfn jf ljb]zL d'n'ssf] cbfntaf6 s;'/bf/ 7x/ eO{ ;hfo e'Qmfg ePsf] bz jif{ cjlw Joltt gePsf],
-8_ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd lgodgsf/L lgsfon] sfg"g ljk/Lt sfo{ u/]sf] egL sf/afxL u/]sf] jf To:tf] sf/afxL ePsf]
kfFr jif{ cjlw Joltt gePsf],
-9_ :jtGq ;~rfnssf] xsdf lgh ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfks jf z'Go bzdnj Ps k|ltzt eGbf a9L
z]o/ :jfldTj /x]sf],

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 Summary of BAFIA, 2073 Krishna Niraula (CA)

-0f_ cbfntsf] km};nf adf]lhd nfu]sf] s}b, hl/afgf ltg{ a'emfpg afFsL /x]sf], ;/sf/L afFsL ltg{ a'emfpg afFsL /x]sf]
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -ª_ df h'g;'s} s'/f
t/ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/Ln] ;f]xL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;xfos sDkgLsf] ;~rfns eO{ sfd
ug{ ;Sg]5 .
@!= ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7s M -!_ ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7s jif{df sDtLdf afx| k6s a:g' kg]{5 . t/, b'O{ j6f a}7ssf]
aLrsf] km/s ;f7L lbgeGbf a9L x'g] 5}g .
-@_ sDtLdf Ps ltxfO{ ;~rfnsn] a}7sdf 5nkmn ug{' kg{] ljifo ;d]t v'nfO{ lnlvt cg'/f]w u/]df cWoIfn] h'g;'s}
avt ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7s af]nfpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ cWoIfn] ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] cWoIftf ug]{5 . cWoIfsf] cg'kl:yltdf ;~rfnsn] cfk"mdWo]af6
ax'dtn] 5fg]sf] ;~rfnsn] a}7ssf] cWoIftf ug]{5 .
-$_ s'n ;~rfns ;+Vofsf] sDtLdf PsfpGg k|ltzt ;~rfns pkl:yt geO{ ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7s a:g] 5}g .
-%_ ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7sdf ax'dtsf] lg0f{o dfGo x'g]5 / dt a/fa/ ePdf cWoIftf ug{] JolQmn]
lg0ff{os dt lbg kfpg]5 .
-^_ ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7sdf pkl:yt ;~rfnssf] gfd, 5nkmn ePsf] ljifo / tt\;DaGwdf ePsf] lg0f{osf] dfOGo'6sf]
5'§} clen]v /fVg' kg]{5 / ;f] clen]vdf a}7sdf pkl:yt ;Dk"0f{ ;~rfnsn] ;xL u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 . t/ ;~rfns ;ldltsf]
lg0f{odf s'g} ;~rfnsn] km/s dt /fVg rfx]df ;f] km/s dt lghn] ;xL u/L lg0f{o k'l:tsfdf clen]v ug{ ;Sg]5 .
@@= ;~rfns ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 x'g] sfd afx]s o; P]g,
k|rlnt sfg"g, k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ug'{ kg]{ ;Dk"0f{ sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/
;~rfns ;ldltdf lglxt /xg]5 .
-@_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;du| hf]lvd Joj:yfkg u/L lgIf]kstf{, u|fxsju{ tyf ;j{;fwf/0f z]o/wgLsf] lxtdf a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfng ug{' Pj+ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf pko'Qm ;+:yfut ;'zf;g sfod u/L lgIf]k lng], shf{ lbg],
nufgL ug{], sd{rf/L Joj:yfkg ug{] / ah]6 vr{ ug{] h:tf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] b}lgs sfd sf/f]af/df x:tIf]k gug{]
ljifosf] k|Tofe"lt ug{' ;~rfns ;ldltsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
-#_ ;~rfns ;ldltsf] cGo sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M–
-s_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ug'{ kg]{ sfd ;'Jojl:yt ?kn] ;~rfng ug{ o; P]g, k|rlnt sfg"g tyf /fi6« a}+ssf] lgb{]zgsf]
cwLgdf /xL cfjZos ljlgod, lgb]{lzsf / sfo{ljlw agfO{ nfu" ug]{,
-v_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sf/f]af/df hf]lvd jf hf]lvdhGo kl/l:ylt pTkGg x'g glbg cfˆgf] gLlt / /0fgLlt cg'?k
a}+lsË tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ xf]l;of/Lk"j{s ;~rfng ug{ cfGtl/s lgoGq0f k|0ffnL Pj+ hf]lvd Joj:yfkg dfkb08 tof/
u/L nfu" ug]{,
-u_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ug{' kg{] ;Dk"0f{ sfd sf/afxLsf] nflu cfjZos gLltut Joj:yf ug{], sfd sf/afxLsf] lgoldt
cg'udg u/L a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf Jojl:yt / ljj]szLn ta/af6 ;~rfng ug{] u/fpg],
-3_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] :ki6 ;+u7gfTds ;+/rgf tof/ ug]{, gLlt th'{df ug{] / sfof{Gjog ug]{,
-ª_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg ;lxtsf] n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efdf k]z ug]{,
-r_ /fi6« a}+sn] ;do ;dodf tf]s] adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ .
@#= ;~rfnssf] hjfkmb]xL / pQ/bfloTj M -!_ ;~rfnsn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf dfk{mt jf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sfdsf]
l;nl;nfdf JolQmut nfe lng] s'g} sfd ug{ u/fpg x'Fb}g . -@_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfnssf] x}l;otn] sfd ug]{
;~rfns cfˆgf] clwsf/If]q gf3L u/]sf] s'g} klg sfd sf/afxL k|lt :jo+ pQ/bfoL x'g]5 .
-#_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfnsn] ;+:yfsf] s'zn Jofj;flos /0fgLltsf] cjnDag u/L hf]lvd
Joj:yfkg tyf cfGtl/s lgoGq0f ug{] ;DaGwdf pQ/bfloTj lng' kg{]5 .
-$_ ;~rfnsn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkgsf] b}lgs sfd sf/afxLdf x:tI]fk ug'{ x'Fb}g .
-%_ ;~rfnsn] /fi6« a}+sn] ;do ;dodf lbPsf] lgb]{zgsf] k"0f{ ?kdf kfngf ug'{ kg]{5 .
@$= ;~rfnssf] ljj/0f lng' kg{] M a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ;~rfnssf] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f lng' kg{]5 M–
-s_ ;~rfnssf] gfd, y/, 7]ufgf, z}lIfs of]Uotf, k]zf / cg'ej,
-v_ cGo s'g} lgsfosf] ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/L eO{ sfd u/]sf] eP ;f]sf] bhf{ / lhDd]jf/L pNn]v ul/Psf]
ljj/0f,
-u_ ;~rfnssf] kl/jf/sf] gfd, y/ Pj+ ;Da4 JolQmsf] ljj/0f tyf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf / cGo lgsfodf lgh / lghsf]
kl/jf/sf] ljQLo :jfy{, lgh / lghsf] kl/jf/sf] gfddf /x]sf] pQm ;+:yfsf] z]o/ :jfldTj,
-3_ ;~rfns jf lghsf] kl/jf/n] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf jf To;sf] d'Vo jf ;xfos sDkgLdf lnPsf] z]o/ jf l8a]~r/sf]
ljj/0f,
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 Summary of BAFIA, 2073 Krishna Niraula (CA)

-ª_ kl/jf/sf] s'g} ;b:o a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/Lsf] x}l;otdf sfd ul//x]sf] eP ;f]sf] ljj/0f,
-r_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf;Fu lgh jf lghsf] kl/jf/sf] s'g} ;b:on] s'g} lsl;dsf] s/f/ u/]sf] jf ug{ nfu]sf] eP ;f]sf]
ljj/0f,
-5_ sfo{sf/L k|d'v, sDkgL ;lrj tyf n]vfk/LIfssf] lgo'lQmsf] ;DaGwdf s'g} k|sf/sf] :jfy{ jf ;/f]sf/ eP ;f]sf]
ljj/0f,
-h_ ;~rfnssf] ljQLo tyf Jofj;flos k[i7e"ldsf] ;DaGwdf hfFra'em ug{ jf u/fpg jf To:tf] ;"rgf tyf hfgsf/L
cfbfg k|bfg ug{ u/fpg /fi6« a}+snfO{ lbPsf] lnlvt clVtof/L,
-em_ o; P]g adf]lhd ;~rfns x'g of]Uo /x]sf] :j3f]if0ff,
-`_ /fi6« a}+s tyf ;~rfns ;ldltnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{ egL /fi6« a}+sn] ;do ;dodf tf]lslbPsf] cGo ljj/0f .
@%= ;~rfnssf] hfgsf/L tyf clen]v M -!_ ;~rfnsn] cfkm" lgo'lQm ePsf] ;ft lbgleq a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;dIf
bkmf @$ adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
@(= sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] lgo'lQm / ;]jfsf] zt{ M -!_ ;~rfns ;ldltn] o; P]g, k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg ug{ Ps sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] lgo'lQm ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] sfo{sfn a9Ldf rf/ jif{sf] x'g]5 / lgh csf]{ Ps sfo{sfnsf nflu k'gM lgo'lQm x'g ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ df n]lvPsf] Joj:yf of] P]g k|f/De eP kl5 dfq nfu" x'g]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg;~rfns ;ldltn] sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] sfo{;Dkfbg ;Gtf]ifhgs gePdf
lghnfO{ h'g;'s} avt kbaf6 x6fpg ;lsg]5 . t/ To;/L kbaf6 x6fpg' cl3 lghnfO{ ;kmfO{ k]z ug]{ dgfl;a df}sf
lbg' kg]{5 .
-%_ sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] lgo'lQm ubf{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf tyf cg'ej ePsf] JolQmnfO{ lgo'lQm u/L To:tf] lgo'lQm
u/]sf] ;ft lbgleq /fi6« a+}snfO{ hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 M–
-s_ Joj:yfkg, a}+lsË, ljQLo, df}lb|s, cy{zf:q, jfl0fHozf:q, n]vfzf:q, tYofÍzf:q, n]vf, ul0ft, Jofkf/ k|zf;g jf
sfg"g ljifodf :gftsf]Q/ pkflw xfl;n u/]sf], -v_ rf6{8{ Psfp06]G;L jf Joj:yfkg,
a}+lsË, ljQLo, df}lb|s, cy{zf:q, jfl0fHozf:q, tYofÍzf:q, n]vfzf:q, ul0ft, Jofkf/ k|zf;g jf sfg"g ljifodf :gfts
pkflw xfl;n u/L a+}lsË tyf ljQLo If]q, ;/sf/L lgsfo, ;+ul7t ;+:yf, ljZjljBfno jf To:tf] sfo{ ug]{ cGt/f{li6«o
;+3 jf ;+:yfsf] clws[t tx jf ;f]eGbf dflysf] kbdf sDtLdf bz jif{sf] sfo{ cg'ej ePsf],
-u_ sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] lgo'lQmsf] ;DaGwdf /fi6« a}+sn] tf]s]sf] dfkb08 k"/f u/]sf],
-3_ bkmf !* sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdcof]Uo gePsf] . t/ bkmf !* sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -em_ / -9_ df plNnlvt
cof]Uotf ;DaGwL Joj:yf sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] xsdf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-^_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgo'lQm ePsf] sfo{sf/L k|d'v o; P]g adf]lhd of]Uo /x]sf] gb]lvPdf /fi6« a}+sn] lghnfO{ x6fO{
o; P]g adf]lhd sfo{sf/L k|d'vdf lgo'Qm x'g of]Uo /x]sf] csf]{ JolQmnfO{ sfo{sf/L k|d'v lgo'Qm ug{ ;DalGwt a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-&_ sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] kfl/>lds, ;]jfsf cGo zt{ tyf ;'ljwfx? ;~rfns ;ldltn] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 / lgo'lQm ubf{sf
avt g} lghsf] ;]jfsf] zt{ tyf ;'ljwf lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
-*_ s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sfo{sf/L k|d'v csf{] s'g} Jofj;flos ;+:yfdf sfo{sf/L k|d'v, kbflwsf/L,
sd{rf/L jf cGo s'g} kbdf /xL sfd ug{ kfpg] 5}g . t/ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] k"jf{wf/ ljsf; a}+sdf
nufgL u/]sf] cj:yfdf ;f] ljsf; a}+ssf] ;~rfns x'g o; pkbkmfn] afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
#)= sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M -!_ sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M–
-s_ k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL ;~rfns ;ldltaf6 k|bQ clwsf/ k|of]u ug{], ;~rfns ;ldltsf] lg0f{o nfu"
ug{] / a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sfd sf/afxL tyf sf/f]af/sf] /]vb]v tyf lgoGq0f ug]{,
-v_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] jflif{s ah]6 / sfo{of]hgf tof/ u/L :jLs[ltsf] nflu ;~rfns ;ldlt ;dIf k]z ug]{,
-u_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sd{rf/L ljlgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL cfjZos hgzlQm Joj:yfkg ug]{,
-3_ ;fwf/0f ;efåf/f ul/Psf lg0f{o sfof{Gjog ug]{, u/fpg],
-ª_ o; P]g / /fi6« a}+ssf] lgb{]zg cg'?k ;+:yf ;~rfng ug{] / a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|efjsf/L cfGtl/s lgoGq0f Pj+
hf]lvd Joj:yfkg ug{],
-r_ o; P]g, /fi6« a}+ssf] lgb{]zg, k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] /fi6« a}+s jf cGo s'g}
lgsfodf k]z ug'{ kg]{ ljj/0f, sfuhft, lg0f{o cflb oyf;dodf k]z ug]{,
-5_ lgIf]kstf{, z]o/wgL tyf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] pRrtd lxt x'g] u/L ;~rfng ug{],
-h_ ;~rfns ;ldltn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] gLlt cGtu{t /xL pRrJoj:yfkgsf] nflu plrt dfkb08 nfu" ug{].

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 Summary of BAFIA, 2073 Krishna Niraula (CA)

-@_ sfo{sf/L k|d'v cfˆgf] sfdsf] lgldQ ;~rfns ;ldltk|lt pQ/bfoL x'g]5 .
kl/R5]b–% Ohfhtkq ;DaGwL Joj:yf
#!= a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf afx]s cGo s;}n] a}+lsË tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ gkfpg] M -!_ bkmf #$ adf]lhd a}+lsË tyf
ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ Ohfhtkq k|fKt ug]{ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf afx]s cGo s;}n] klg o; P]g adf]lhdsf] a}lsÍ tyf
ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
-@_ /fi6« a}+sn] a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ Ohfhtkq k|bfg ug{] k|of]hgsf nflu a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL Ohfht
gLlt th{'df u/L nfu' ug{]5 .
#@= a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] gfd k|of]u M -!_ s;}n] klg /fi6« a}+ssf] :jLs[lt glnO{ a+}lsË tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug]{
k|of]hgsf] nflu a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] gfd k|of]u ug{' x'Fb}g .
-@_ o; P]gsf] bkmf $( adf]lhdsf] a}+lsË tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ Ohfhtkq kfPsf] a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yf / g]kfndf zfvf sfof{no vf]Ng] ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf afx]s cGo s'g} klg JolQm, sDkgL jf ;+:yfn] /fi6«
a}+saf6 k"j{ :jLs[lt glnO{ cfˆgf] gfd;F+u …a}+sÚ, …a}+lsËÚ, ljQ, ljQLo jf cGo To:t} cy{ cfpg] ;+s]t, ljz]if0f jf To:t}
lsl;dsf cy{ nfUg] zAb k|of]u ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf] ;+:yfsf] xsdf pkbkmf -@_ df plNnlvt Joj:yf nfu" x'g]
5}g M–
-s_ k|rlnt sfg"g jf cGt/f{li6«o ;Demf}tf jf k|rng adf]lhd :yflkt jf dfGotf k|fKt s'g} ;+:yf,
-v_ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ;+:yfkgf ePsf] 5 dlxgfleq a}+lsË tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ Ohfhtkqsf nflu lgj]bg lbg]
sDkgL .
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg of] P]g k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ljQLo sf/f]af/
ug{ :jLs[lt k|fKt u/]sf] s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] To:tf] sf/f]af/ ug{ :jLs[lt k|fKt ubf{sf avt sfod /x]sf] gfd
k|of]u u/L ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-%_ ævÆ, æuÆ tyf æ3Æ ju{sf] ljQLo ;+:yfn] qmdzM ljsf; a}+s, ljQ sDkgL tyf n3' ljQ ljQLo ;+:yf eGg] gfd
k|of]u ug'{ kg{]5 .
-^_ of] P]g k|f/De x'g' cl3 n3' ljQ ljsf; a+}s eGg] gfd k|of]u ug]{ Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfn] of] P]g k|f/De ePkl5
pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhdsf] gfd k|of]u ug'{ kg]{5 .
$)= ljb]zL a}+ssf] zfvf ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf M
-!_ /fi6« a}+sn] s'g} cGt/f{li6«o >]0fLs[t ljb]zL a}+snfO{ g]kfndf zfvf dfk{mt a}+lsË tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ug{
:jLs[lt lbPdf ;f] adf]lhd g]kfndf k|rlnt sDkgL sfg"g cg';f/ btf{ ePsf] zfvf o; P]g adf]lhd ;+:yfkgf ePsf]
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;/x dflgg]5 / of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod, ljlgod, cfb]z jf lgb]{zgn] cGoyf
Joj:yf
u/]sf]df afx]s cGo ;Dk"0f{ k|fjwfgx? To:tf] zfvfsf] xsdf ;d]t ;dfg ?kn] nfu" x'g] 5g\ .
-@_ ljb]zL a}+ssf] zfvfsf] sfd, st{Jo, clwsf/, lhDd]jf/L, bfloTj, hfoh]yf, n]vf cflb sfd sf/afxLsf]
lhDd]jf/L lng] tyf To:tf] sfd sf/afxL ;Dkfbg ug]{ kbflwsf/L tyf sd{rf/Lx?sf] lhDd]jf/L ;DaGwdf /fi6« a}+sn]
cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ ljb]zL a}+ssf] g]kfnl:yt zfvfn] cfkm\gf] bfloTj k"/f ug{] qmddf cfkm\gf] ;DklQ k|of]u ubf{ cGo s'g} sfg"gL Joj:yfdf
k|lts"n c;/ gx'g] u/L g]kfnsf] bfloTjnfO{ klxnf] k|fyldstf lbO{ k"/f ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ljb]zL a}+ssf] zfvfn] yf]s a}+lsË sf/f]af/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-%_ ljb]zL a}+ssf] zfvf sfof{nosf] sfd sf/afxL /fi6« a}+sn] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
kl/R5]b–^ k"FhL, k"FhLsf]if / t/n ;DklQ ;DaGwL Joj:yf bkmf $!—$^
$!= k"FhL sfod /fVg' kg]{ M -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] Go"gtd r'Qmf k"FhL /fi6« a}+sn] ;do ;dodf lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] Go"gtd r'Qmf k"FhL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] /fi6« a}+sn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] ;doleq k'/f u/L ;Sg'
kg{]5 .
-#_ /fi6« a}+sn] s'g} JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfn] s'g} Ps a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] r'Qmf k"FhLsf] a9Ldf kGw| k|ltzt;Dd
dfq nufgL ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd s'g} Ps a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf nufgL ug{] JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfn] csf{] a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfdf nufgL ubf{ pQm a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] r'Qmf k"FhLsf] Ps k|ltzteGbf sd x'g] u/L dfq nufgL ug{' kg{]5 .
-%_ ljb]zL ;+o'Qm nufgLdf v'Ng] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf, æ3Æ ju{sf ljQLo ;+:yf / k"jf{wf/ ljsf; a}+sdf

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 Summary of BAFIA, 2073 Krishna Niraula (CA)

s'g} JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfn] r'Qmf k"FhLdf nufgL ug{ ;Sg] xb ;DaGwL Joj:yf /fi6« a}+sn] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-^_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf ug{ jf ;f] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf s'g} JolQm jf ;+:yfn] nufgL ug{ ;Sg] z]o/ k"FhLsf]
k|ltzt /fi6« a}+sn] ;do ;dodf lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
$@= k"FhLsf]if M -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfˆgf] s'n ;DklQ jf s'n hf]lvdefl/t ;DklQsf] cfwf/df /fi6« a}+sn]
tf]lslbPsf] cg'kftdf k"FhLsf]if sfod ug'{ kg]{5 . /fi6« a}+sn] To:tf] cg'kft tf]Sbf cltl/Qm k"FhLsf]if cg'kft ;d]t tf]Sg
;Sg]5 .
-@_ s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] k"FhLsf]if sfod ug{ g;s]df To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
;~rfns ;ldltn] Ps dlxgfleq ;f]sf] hfgsf/L /fi6« a}+snfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] hfgsf/Ldf cGo s'/fsf cltl/Qm k"FhLsf]if sfod /xg g;s]sf] sf/0f tyf k"FhLsf]ifnfO{ j[l4
u/L /fi6« a}+sn] lbPsf] lgb{]zg adf]lhdsf] cj:yfdf Nofpg ;~rfns ;ldltn] tof/ u/]sf] of]hgf jf sfo{qmd ;d]t
;+nUg u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ / -#_ adf]lhd ;~rfns ;ldltn] k]z u/]sf] hfgsf/L tyf of]hgf jf sfo{qmd dgfl;a b]v]df ;f]xL
adf]lhd / To;df s'g} ;+zf]wg jf x]/k]m/ ug'{ k/]df ;f]sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ k|:tfljt of]hgf jf sfo{qmd ;+zf]wg jf x]/k]m/
u/L sfof{Gjog ug{ ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ /fi6« a}+sn] cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 .
$#= ;Defljt gf]S;fgL ;DaGwL Joj:yf M a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfˆgf] shf{ nufotsf ;DklQ / jf;nft aflx/sf]
sf/f]af/sf] bfloTj ;DaGwL ;Defljt hf]lvdnfO{ vfDg ;Sg] u/L /fi6« a}+sn] tf]s] adf]lhd gf]S;fgL Joj:yf sfod ug{'
kg]{5 .
$$= ;fwf/0f hu]8f sf]if M -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] Ps ;fwf/0f hu]8f sf]if sfod /fVg' kg]{5 . To:tf] hu]8f sf]ifdf
r'Qmf k"FhLsf] bf]Aa/ geP;Dd k|To]s cfly{s jif{sf] v'b gfkmfaf6 sDtLdf aL; k|ltzt / To; kl5sf cfly{s jif{df
sDtLdf bz k|ltzt /sd yKb} hfg' kg]{5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;fwf/0f hu]8f sf]ifdf hDdf
ePsf] /sd /fi6« a}+ssf] k"j{ :jLs[lt glnO{ cGo zLif{sdf /sdfGt/ ug{ jf vr{ ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
$%= ;6xL ;dLs/0f sf]if M -!_ ljb]zL ljlgdo sf/f]af/ ug]{ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] k|To]s cfly{s jif{df ef/tLo ?k}ofF
afx]s cGo ljb]zL d'b|fsf] ljlgdo b/df kl/jt{g ePsf] sf/0faf6 cfh{g u/]sf] k'gd{"NofÍg d'gfkmfnfO{ ;f]xL cfly{s
jif{sf] cGTodf gfkmf–gf]S;fg lx;fadf cfjZos lx;fa ldnfg ug'{ kg]{5 . To;/L gfkmf–gf]S;fg lx;fadf lx;fa ldnfg
ubf{ s'g} cfly{s jif{df k'gd"{NofÍg cfDbfgL ePdf To:tf] d'gfkmfsf] sDtLdf kRrL; k|ltzt /sd ;6xL ;dLs/0f sf]ifdf
hDdf ug'{ kg]{5 . t/ ef/tLo ?k}ofFsf] ljlgdo b/df kl/jt{g ePsf] sf/0faf6 x'g] k'gd"{NofÍg gfkmf–gf]S;fgLsf] xsdf
/fi6« a}+sn] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;6xL ;dLs/0f sf]ifdf hDdf ePsf] /sd ljb]zL d'b|fsf] ljlgdo b/df 36a9ePsf] sf/0faf6
x'g] gf]S;fgL ;dfof]hg ug{ afx]s /fi6« a}+ssf] :jLs[lt glnO{ cGo sfddf vr{ ug{ jf /sdfGt/ ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
$^= t/n ;DklQ sfod ug{' kg{] M
$&= nfef+z 3f]if0ff / ljt/0f
-@_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfˆgf] ;Dk"0f{ k|f/lDes vr{, cl3Nnf] jif{;Dd x'g uPsf] gf]S;fgL, /fi6« a}+sn] tf]lslbPsf] k"FhL,
k"FhLsf]if, ;Defljt gf]S;fgL Joj:yf / bkmf $$ adf]lhd ;fwf/0f hu]8f sf]ifdf 5'6\ofpg' kg]{ /sd k"/f gu/];Dd tyf
;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ 5'6\ofOPsf] z]o/ k"0f{ ?kdf laqmL ljt/0f gu/];Dd z]o/wgLx?nfO{ nfef+z 3f]if0ff ug{ jf ljt/0f ug{
kfpg] 5}g .
$*= k"FhL 36fpg cfb]z lbg ;Sg] M k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg /fi6« a}+sn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
hf/L tyf r'Qmf k"FhL 36fpg cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
kl/R5]b–& a}+lsË tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ;DaGwL Joj:yf
$(= a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] a}+lsË tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ of] P]g, k|aGwkq / lgodfjnL tyf /fi6« a}+sn]
tf]s]sf] ;Ldf, zt{ jf lgb]{zgsf] cwLgdf /xL æsÆ ju{sf] a}+sn] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] a}+lsË tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ ;Sg]5
M–
-s_ Aofh jf lagf Aofhdf lgIf]k :jLsf/ ug{] jf ljleGg ljQLo pks/0f dfkm{t lgIf]k kl/rfng ug{] / ltgsf] e'QmfgL
lbg],
-v_ ljB'tLo pks/0f jf ;fwgsf] dfWodaf6 lgIf]k :jLsf/ ug{], e'QmfgL lbg], n]gb]g ug]{, dWo:ytfsf] sfd ug]{ /
/sdfGt/ug]{, -u_ xfo/ kr]{h, lnlhË, xfplhË, clwljsif{ nufotsf shf{ lbg],
-3_ kl/of]hgf tyf xfOkf]lys]zg lwtf] /fvL] shf{ lbg] Pj+ ;xljQLos/0fsf] cfwf/df lwtf] ljefhg -kf/L kf;' ug]{ u/L
cfk;df ePsf] ;Demf}tf cg';f/ ;+o'Qm ?kdf shf{ lbg] lbnfpg] Joj:yf ug]{,
-ª_ ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] hdfgtdf shf{ lbg],

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 Summary of BAFIA, 2073 Krishna Niraula (CA)

-r_ cfk"m sxfF klxn] g} lwtf] /lx;s]sf] rn crn ;DklQsf] d"Non] vfd];Ddsf] /sd shf{ lbg] jf
cGo a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf lwtf] /lx;s]sf] rn crn ;DklQsf] k'gM lwtf]df To;sf] d"Non] vfd];Ddsf]
/sd shf{ lbg],
-5_ cfˆgf] u|fxssf] tk{maf6 hdfgtkq hf/L ug]{ / ;f] afkt u|fxs;Fu cfjZos zt{ u/fpg], lghsf] rn crn ;DklQ
lwtf]aGws lng] jf t];|f] JolQmsf] h]yf hdfgt lng] / lwtf]aGws, ;'/If0fdf lnPsf] ;DklQ k|fKt ug]{, wf/0f ug]{ tyf ;f]
;DaGwL cGo sf/f]af/ ug]{,
-h_ cfjZostf cg';f/ /fi6« a}+saf6 k'gs{hf{ lng] jf cGo a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 shf{ lng] lbg],
-em_ kl/of]hgfsf] k|a4{gsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/ jf cGo :jb]zL jf ljb]zL lgsfo dfkm{t k|fKt ePsf] /sdaf6 shf{ k|jfx
ug]{ jf shf{ Joj:yfkg ug]{,
-`_ k|rlnt shf{ ckn]vg ljlgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL shf{ ckn]vg ug{],
-6_ k"FhLsf]if k'/f ug{] k|of]hgsf nfluz]o/, l8a]~r/, C0fkq cflb hf/L ug{],
-7_ k|tLtkq, ljlgdokq, k|lt1fkq, r]s, ofq' r]s, 8«fˆ6 jf cGo ljQLo pks/0f lgisfzg ug]{, :jLsf/ ug]{, e'QmfgL
lbg], l8:sfp06 ug]{ jf vl/b laqmL ug]{,
-8_ ljB'tLo sf/f]af/sf nflu l8lh6n jf sf8{ nufotsf ljQLo pks/0f hf/L ug]{, :jLsf/ ug]{, Joj:yfkg ug]{ / ;f]
;DaGwL sfo{ ug{ Ph]06 lgo'Qm ug]{,
-9_ k|rlnt sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL ljb]zL ljlgdo sf/f]af/ ug]{,
-0f_ /fi6« a}+sn] tf]s]sf] ;Ldf, zt{ jf lgb]{zg adf]lhd ;/sf/L sf/f]af/ ug]{],
-t_ g]kfn ;/sf/ jf /fi6« a}+sn] hf/L u/]sf] C0fkq vl/b–laqmL ug]{ jf ;sf/ ug]{,
-y_ g]kfnleq jf ljb]zdf ljlgdokq, r]s jf cGo ljQLo pks/0fåf/f /sd k7fpg] jf rnfg ug]{,
ljb]zaf6 ljk|]if0f k|fKt ug{] / ;f] sf] e'QmfgL ug{],
-b_ u|fxssf] lgldQ sldzg Ph]06 eO{ z]o/, l8a]~r/ jf ;'/If0fsf] lhDdf lng], vl/b–laqmL ul/lbg], z]o/sf] nfef+z,
l8a]~r/ jf ;'/If0fsf] Aofh cflb p7fO{ lbg] / ;f]sf] nfef+z, d'gfkmf jf Aofh g]kfnleq
jf ljb]zdf k7fpg], u|fxssf] nflu ;]km l8kf]lh6 eN6sf] Joj:yf ug]{,
-w_ jf;nft aflx/sf] sf/f]af/ ug]{,
-g_ ljkGg ju{, Go"g cfo ePsf] kl/jf/, b}jL k|sf]k kLl8t tyf d'n'ssf s'g} If]qsf afl;Gbfsf] cfly{s pTyfgsf] nflu
JolQmut jf ;fd'lxs hdfgLdf /fi6« a}+sn] tf]s] adf]lhdsf] /sd;Dd shf{ lbg],
-k_ cfk"m tyf cGo a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 shf{ lng] jf s'g} k|sf/sf] ;'ljwf lng] C0fL jf u|fxssf] ljj/0f, ;"rgf jf
hfgsf/L /fi6« a}+s, ;DalGwt lgsfo jf cGo a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfaLr lng] lbg],
-km_ ;'g, rFfbL vl/b–laqmL ug]{,
-a_ kl/of]hgf :yfkgf, ;~rfng / d"NofÍg ;DaGwL cWoog, cg';Gwfg, ;j]{If0f ug]{ u/fpg] tyf tfnLd, k/fdz{ / cGo
hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpg],
-e_ o; P]g / k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd cfˆgf] :jfldTjdf cfpg] ;a} k|sf/sf hfoh]yfsf] plrt Joj:yfkg tyf laqmL
ug]{,
-d_ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf a9L JolQmx?aLr x'g] s'g} sfo{ afkt ltg'{ a'emfpg' jf lng'
kg]{ /sd pQm sfd ePkl5 e'QmfgL lng] lbg] Joj:yf ug{ b'O{ kIfsf] ;xdltdf hdfgL a:g],
-o_ /fi6« a}+sn] tf]s]sf] cGo sfd ug]{ .
-@_ ævÆ ju{sf] ljQLo ;+:yfn] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -s_, -v_, -u_, -r_, -h_, -em_, -`_, -6_, -9_, -t_, -b_, -w_, -g_, -
k_ / -e_ df plNnlvt a}+lsË tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/sf cltl/Qm b]xfo adf]lhdsf] cGo a}+lsË tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;d]t
ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
s_ kl/of]hgf lwtf] /fvL] shf{ lbg], ;xljQLos/0fsf] cfwf/df lwtf] ljefhg -kf/L kf;' ug]{ u/L cfk;df ePsf] ;Demf}tf
cg';f/ ;+o'Qm ?kdf shf{ lbg], lbnfpg] Joj:yf ug]{,
-v_ cfˆgf] u|fxssf] tk{maf6 hdfgtkq hf/L ug]{ / ;f] afkt u|fxs;Fu cfjZos zt{ u/fpg], lghsf] rn crn ;DklQ
lwtf]aGws lng] jf t];|f] JolQmsf] h]yf hdfgt lng], -u_ ljlgdokq, k|lt1fkq, r]s, ofq'r]s, 8«fˆ6 hf/L ug]{, :jLsf/
ug]{, e'QmfgL lbg], l8:sfp06 ug]{ jf vl/b–laqmL ug]{,
-3_ cfˆgf] rn crn ;DklQ lwtf] /fvL shf{ lng],
-ª_ /fi6« a}+ssf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lnO{ k|tLtkq / ljk|]if0fsf] sf/f]af/ ug]{,
-r_ u|fxssf] lgldQ sldzg Ph]06 eO{ z]o/, l8a]~r/ jf ;'/If0fsf] lhDdf lng], vl/b laqmL ul/lbg],z]o/, l8a]~r/ jf
;'/If0fsf] nfef+z, Aofh, d'gfkmf cflb p7fOlbg], ;]km l8kf]lh6 eN6sf] Joj:yf ug]{,
-5_ g]kfnleq /sd :yfgfGt/0f ;DaGwL sfd ug]{,
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 Summary of BAFIA, 2073 Krishna Niraula (CA)

-h_ kl/of]hgf :yfkgf, ;~rfng / a}+lsË, n]vf, ;DklQ, shf{ d"NofÍg ;DaGwL cWoog, cg';Gwfg, ;e]{If0f ug]{ u/fpg]
tyf tfnLd, k/fdz{ / cGo ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ tyf hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpg],
-em_ /fi6« a}+sn] tf]s]sf] cGo sfd ug]{ .
-#_ æuÆ ju{sf] ljQLo ;+:yfn] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -s_, -v_, -r_, -h_, -`_, -6_, -t_, -b_, -g_, -k_ / -e_ df plNnlvt
a}+lsË tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/sf cltl/Qm b]xfo adf]lhdsf] cGo a}+lsË tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;d]t ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ xfo/ kr]{h, lnlhË, xfplhË nufotsf shf{ lbg],
-v_ cGo a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf;Fu ldnL ;xljQLos/0fsf] cfwf/df lwtf] ljefhg -kf/L kf;' ug]{ u/L cfk;df ePsf]
;Demf}tf cg';f/ ;+o'Qm ?kdf shf{ lbg], -u_ cfˆgf] rn crn ;DklQ lwtf] /fvL shf{ lng],
-3_ cfˆgf] hfoh]yfsf] plrt k|aGw ug]{, laqmL ug]{ jf axfndf lbg],
-ª_ ljlgdokq, k|lt1fkq, r]s, ofq'r]s, 8«fˆ6 jf cGo ljQLo pks/0f hf/L ug]{, :jLsf/ ug]{,e'QmfgL lbg], l8:sfp06 ug]{
jf vl/b laqmL ug]{,
-r_ /fi6« a}+ssf] :jLs[lt lnO{ ljb]zL d'b|fsf] sf/f]af/ ug{],
-5_ s'g} klg JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfnfO{ ;jf/L ;fwg, d]l;g cf}hf/, pks/0f, 3/fo;L l6sfp ;fdfg jf To:t}
cGo rn ;DklQsf] nflu ls:tfaGbL jf xfo/kr]{h shf{ pknAw u/fpg],
-h_ s'g} JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfnfO{ ;jf/L ;fwg, d]l;g, cf}hf/ pks/0f, 3/fo;L l6sfp ;fdfg jf To:t} rn
;DklQ ef8fdf lng shf{ -lnlhË kmfOgfG;_ pknAw u/fpg] jf To:tf rn ;DklQ ef8fdf lng] lbg],
-em_ cfˆgf] u|fxssf] tk{maf6 hdfgtkq hf/L ug]{ / ;f] afkt u|fxs;Fu cfjZos zt{ u/fpg], ;'/If0f lng], lghsf] rn
crn ;DklQ lwtf]aGws lng] jf t];|f] JolQmsf] h]yf hdfgt lng],
-`_ cfˆgf] ;DklQsf] s'g} c+z jf k"/} laqmL ug{ ] jf lnhdf lbg],
-6_ vl/b ul/Psf] s'g} klg j:t'sf] tTsfn jf kl5 e'QmfgL ug]{
-l8km8{ d"Nodf csf]{ vl/bstf{nfO{ laqmL ug'{ k/]df ljQLo ;+:yf / laqm]tfsf] ;xdlt cg';f/ ;f] j:t'sf] d"No to ug]{,
-7_ /fi6« a}+sn] tf]s]sf] cGo sfd ug]{ .
-$_ æ3Æ ju{sf] ljQLo ;+:yfn] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] a}+lsË tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ /fi6« a}+sn] tf]s] cg';f/sf] kl/of]hgf, art sfod u/]sf] ;d"x jf ;d"xsf] ;b:onfO{ n3' Joj;fo ;~rfng ug{ s'g}
rn crn ;DklQ ;'/If0f jf hdfgt lnO{ jf glnO{ n3'shf{ lbg],
-v_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf jf :jb]zL jf ljb]zL ;+3 jf ;+:yf cflbaf6 shf{ jf cg'bfg k|fKt ug]{ / To:tf] shf{ jf cg'bfg
n3'shf{ ljt/0fdf jf ;f] sfo{nfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg] sfddf k|of]u ug]{,
t/ ljb]zL ;+3 jf ;+:yf cflbaf6 shf{ jf cg'bfg lng' cl3 /fi6« a}+ssf] :jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 .
-u_ n3'shf{ pknAw u/fpg' cl3 h'g sfo{sf] nflu shf{ dfu ePsf] xf];f] ;DaGwL sfo{sf] d"NofÍg ug]{ / To:tf] sfo{sf]
;DefJotf 5, 5}g klxrfg ug]{,
-3_ n3'shf{ kl/rfng ;DaGwdf ;d"xnfO{ cfjZos kg{] ;]jf tyf k/fdz{ k|bfg ug]{,
-ª_ n3'shf{ ;dodf c;'n pk/ ug]{tk{m cfjZos sf/afxL ug]{,
-r_ /fi6« a}+ssf] :jLs[lt lnO{ /fi6« a}+sn] tf]lslbPsf] zt{ aGb]hsf] cwLgdf /xL lgIf]k :jLsf/ ug]{ tyf To:tf] lgIf]ksf]
e'QmfgL lbg],
-5_ k"FhLsf]if k'/f ug{] k|of]hgsf nflu z]o/, l8a]~r/, C0fkq cflb hf/L ug{],
-h_ cGo sfo{x? ug]{ .
%!= ;xfos sDkgL ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ /fi6« a}+ssf] :jLs[lt lnO{ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ;xfos sDkgL vf]Ng ;Sg]5
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;xfos sDkgL vf]Ng] :jLs[lt lbFbf /fi6« a}+sn] cfjZos zt{x? tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
kl/R5]b–* shf{ k|jfx tyf c;'nL ;DaGwL Joj:yf
%%= shf{ k|jfx ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ /fi6« a}+ssf] lgb]{zg tyf ;~rfns ;ldltn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] shf{ gLltsf] cwLgdf
/xL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] k|of]hg v'nfP/ dfq shf{ k|jfx ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ rn crn ;DklQ ;'/If0f lnO{ jf cGo plrt hdfgL lnO{
-#_ ljQLo ;+:yfsf] gfddf /lhi6]«zg jf bflvn vf/]h jf /f]Ssf /fVg'
-%_ Go"g cfo ePsf tyf ljkGg ju{sf JolQm / s'g} vf; ef}uf]lns If]qdf a;f]jf; ug]{ afl;Gbfsf] cfly{s
pTyfgsf] nflu k|fyldstf lbOPsf] ju{ tyf If]qdf shf{ k|jfx ug{' kg{]5 .
-^_ C0fLn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf;F+u lnPsf] shf{sf]
%&= shf{ c;'nL ;DaGwL Joj:yf M

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 Summary of BAFIA, 2073 Krishna Niraula (CA)

-!_ C0fLn] shf{ n]gb]g;DaGwL lnvt jf s/f/df plNnlvt zt{ sa'lnotsf] kfngf gu/]df jf lnvt jf s/f/sf] efsfleq
shf{ / ;f]df nfu]sf] Aofh jf xhf{gf r'Qmf gu/]df jf bkmf %^ adf]lhd cg'udg ubf{ C0fLn] h'g k|of]hgsf] nflu shf{
lnPsf] xf] ;f] k|of]hgdf gnufO{ b'?kof]u u/]sf] b]lvPdf shf{ n]gb]g
;DaGwL lnvt jf k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg C0fLn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ n]lvlbPsf] jf lwtf]
/fv]sf] ;'/If0fnfO{ lnnfd laqmL u/L jf cGo s'g} Joj:yf u/L ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfˆgf] ;fFjf, Aofh c;'n
pk/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
kl/R5]b–( n]vf, clen]v, ljj/0f tyf k|ltj]bg ;DaGwL Joj:yf
^)= n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldlt M -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns ;ldltn] u}/ sfo{sf/L ;~rfnssf] ;+of]hsTjdf tLg
;b:o ePsf] Ps n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldlt u7g ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldltdf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] cWoIf, pk;ldltsf] ;+of]hs / sfo{sf/L k|d'vn]
sfo{ ug{ ;Sg] 5}gg\ .
^!= n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo tyf clwsf/ M
n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo tyf clwsf
-s_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] n]vf, ah]6 tyf cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f sfo{ljlw, cfGtl/s lgoGq0f Joj:yf pko'Qm eP
gePsf] / ePdf ;f]sf] kfngf eP gePsf] cg'udg tyf ;'kl/j]If0f ug]{,
-v_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] n]vf / axLvftfsf] cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg] / To:tf sfuhft k|rlnt sfg"g, /fi6«
a}+ssf] lgodg tyf lgb]{zg adf]lhd 7Ls;Fu tof/ eP gePsf] af/] osLg ug]{,
-u_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf nfu" ePsf] k|rlnt sfg"g k"0f{ ?kdf kfngf ePsf] 5 egL ljZj:t x'g a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
Joj:yfkg / ;~rfngsf] lgoldt Joj:yfksLo tyf sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] k/LIf0f ug]{, u/fpg],
-3_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod, ljlgod, gLlt jf lbOPsf] lgb]{zg adf]lhd sfd
sf/afxL eP gePsf] cg'udg ug]{ / ;f]sf] k|ltj]bg ;~rfns ;ldlt ;dIf k]z ug]{,
-ª_ afXo n]vfkl/Ifssf] lgo'lQmsf] nflu tLg hgf n]vfk/LIfssf] gfd l;kmfl/; ug{] .
-r_ ;~rfns ;ldltaf6 dfu ul/Psf] ljifodf /fo lbg] .
^@= n]vfk/LIf0f M
^#= n]vfk/LIfssf] lgo'lQm tyf kfl/>lds M -!_ n]vfk/LIfssf] lgo'lQm a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 x'g]5 . -
@_ ;fwf/0f ;efn] Pp6} n]vfk/LIfsnfO{ nuftf/ tLg k6seGbf a9L cjlwsf] nflu lgo'lQm ug{ ;Sg] 5}g . -#_ ;fwf/0f
;efn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd n]vfk/LIfs
lgo'lQm ubf{ æsÆ, ævÆ / æuÆ ju{sf] Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] xsdf rf6{8{ PsfpG6]06 / æ3Æ ju{sf]
Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] xsdf rf6{8{ PsfpG6]06 jf btf{jfnf n]vfk/LIfsnfO{ lgo'lQm ug'{ kg]{]5 .
^$= n]vfk/LIfsdf lgo'Qm x'g g;Sg] M
-s_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfks, ;~rfns, sfo{sf/L k|d'v jf lghsf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:o,
-v_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] kbflwsf/L, sd{rf/L jf cfGtl/s n]vfkl/Ifs
-u_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns, sfo{sf/L k|d'v jf sd{rf/L;Fu ;fe]mbf/ eO{ sfd u/]sf] JolQm,
-3_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] C0fL, pNn]Vo :jfldTj ePsf] JolQm jf ;Da4 JolQm jf ljQLo :jfy{ ePsf] JolQm,
-ª_ g]kfn jf ljb]zdf bfdf;fxLdf k/]sf] JolQm,
-r_ ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] Ps k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf a9L z]o/ lnPsf] JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yf,
-5_ kmf}hbf/L s;'/df cbfntaf6 ;hfo kfO{ ;f] ;hfo e'Qmfg u/]sf] kfFr jif{sf] cjlw Joltt eO{ g;s]sf] JolQm,
-h_ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd n]vfk/LIfs lgo'Qm x'g cof]Uo /x]sf] JolQm .
-@_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] n]vfk/LIfsdf lgo'lQm ePsf] s'g} JolQm pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cof]Uo ePsf] kfOPdf To:tf]
JolQmsf] lgo'lQm :jtM /2 ePsf] dflgg]5 .
^%= ljj/0f lbg'kg]{ M
^^= n]vfk/LIfssf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M
-s_ n]vf tyf ljQLo ljj/0fsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ug]{,
-v_ cfkm"n] n]vfk/LIf0f u/]sf] n]vf, jf;nft tyf gfkmf–gf]S;fg lx;fa ;dfj]z u/L a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns
;ldltdf n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L k]z ug]{,
-u_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sfd sf/afxLdf clgoldttf ePsf] jf ;xL 9+un] sfd x'g g;s]sf] / To:tf] ljifon] a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ xflg gf]S;fgL k'Ug hfg] b]lvPdf ;~rfns ;ldltnfO{ ;f]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg] .
-3_ b]xfosf] cj:yf cfpg ;Sg] ;Defjgf b]v]df /fi6« a}+snfO{ ;f]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg] M–

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 Summary of BAFIA, 2073 Krishna Niraula (CA)

-!_ /fi6« a}+sn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] Ohfhtkq lbFbf tf]s]sf zt{ jf of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod, ljlgod
jf lbOPsf] lgb]{zg cflbsf] pNn+3g x'g],
-@_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] lgoldt sfd sf/afxLdf k|lts"n k|efj kfg]{,
-#_ n]vfk/LIfsnfO{ n]vf k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg k|:t't ug{af6 /f]Sg] jf unt n]vf k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg k]z ug{ nufpg] .

^&= n]vfk/LIfsnfO{ sf/afxLsf] l;kmfl/; ug{]

kl/R5]b–!) a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ufEg], ufleg] jf k|flKt ug]{ -PSjLlh;g_ ;DaGwL Joj:yf
^(= a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ufEg jf ufleg jf k|flKt ug{ ;Sg] M
-!_ of] P]g jf /fi6« a}+s P]g adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] k|lqmof k'/f u/L Pp6f a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf csf]{ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf
ufEg jf ufleg jf Pp6f a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] csf]{ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf k|flKt ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ æ3Æ ju{sf] ljQLo ;+:yf ;f]xL ju{sf] ljQLo ;+:yf;Fu dfq ufEg jf ufleg jf k|flKt ug{ ;Sg] 5g\ . t/ k"jf{wf/
ljsf; a}+s / a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf Ps cfk;df ufEg jf ufleg jf k|flKt ug{ ;Sg] 5}gg\ .
-#_ b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yf /x]sf] kfOPdf ;f]sf] sf/0f vf]nL /fi6« a}+sn] To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;DklQ, bfloTj /
Joj;fo csf]{ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf ufEg jf uflegsf nflu cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ k"FhLsf]if ckof{Kt /x]sf] jf ljut tLg jif{b]lv ljQLo l:ylt v:sb} uPsf],
-v_ lgIf]kstf{sf] lxt tyf lgIf]kstf{ k|ltsf] bfloTjdf k|lts"n k|efj kg]{ sfo{ u/]sf] jf To:tf] cj:yf ljBdfg /x]sf],
-u_ ljQLo k|0ffnLsf] :yfloTj, ljsf; / ;Da4{gsf] nflu /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o :t/df k|lt:kwf{Tds Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{
cfjZos ePsf] .
$_ b]xfosf s'g} cj:yf /x]sf] kfOPdf ;f]sf] sf/0f vf]nL /fi6« a}+sn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ k|flKt ug{ jf u/fpg
cfjZos lgb]{zg jf ;'emfj lbg ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ Ps} ;d"xsf JolQm, kmd{, sDkgLsf PseGbf a9L a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfx? ;~rfngdf /xL c:j:y ljQLo ;DaGw
sfod /x]sf], -v_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf oyfl:yltdf ;~rfng u/fpFbf To;sf] gsf/fTds k|efjn] lgIf]kstf{, ;j{;fwf/0f
z]o/wgL, cGo ;]jfu|fxLsf] xs lxt ;+/If0f x'g g;Sg] b]lvPsf],
-u_ k|0ffnLut hf]lvd a9\b} uO{ Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfx?n] bfloTj e'QmfgL ug{ ;Ifd g/x]sf],
-3_ lgwf{l/t ;dodf ;j{;fwf/0f ;d"xdf z]o/ lgisf;g gu/]sf], lgisfl;t z]o/ laqmL ljt/0f gePsf] jf tf]lsPsf]
Go"gtd ;dfg'kflts r'Qmf k"FhL gk'¥ofPsf],
-ª_ tLg k6s jf ;f] eGbf a9L zL3| ;'wf/fTds sf/afxLdf k/]sf] jf Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns ;ldltdf af/Daf/
ljjfb pTkGg eO{ ;'zf;gsf] cj:yf sdhf]/ ePsf] .
&)= ufEg jf ufleg jf k|flKt ug{ lgj]bg lbg' kg]{
&!= ;DklQ tyf bfloTjsf] d"NofÍg ;DaGwL Joa:yf M
&) adf]lhd a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ufEg] jf ufleg] ;}4flGts ;xdlt k|fKt u/]kl5 To:tf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] cf–
cfˆgf] ;DklQ, bfloTj tyf sf/f]af/sf] d"NofÍg ug{ sDtLdf a}+ssf] n]vfk/LIf0f ug{ of]Uo /x]sf] JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf
;+:yfnfO{ cfk;L ;xdltdf d"NofÍgstf{ lgo'lQm u/L ;f]sf] hfgsf/L /fi6« a}+snfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
&@= ;Demf}tf ;DaGwL Joj:yfM o; P]g adf]lhd /fi6« a}+sn] cfb]z lbPsf]df afx]s ufEg jf ufleg jf k|flKt ug{;}4flGts
;xdlt kfPsf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ufEg], ufleg] jf k|flKt ug]{ ;DaGwdf ljljw ljifox? v'nfO{ ;Demf}tf ug'{ kg]{5 M–
&#= :jLs[lt ;DaGwL Joj:yf
&$= sf/f]af/ k|fKt ug{ ;Sg]
kl/R5]b–!! a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] :j]lR5s vf/]hL
kl/R5]b–!@ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] afWofTds vf/]hL
&*= a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] afWofTds vf/]hLsf] nflu cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg] M
&(= a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] afWofTds vf/]hL x'g ;Sg] cj:yf M b]xfosf] cj:yfdf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] afWofTds
vf/]hL x'g ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ e'QmfgL cjlw k"/f ePsf] jf tTsfn e'QmfgL lbg' kg]{ lgIf]k jf cGo cfly{s bfloTj lgwf{l/t ;dodf e'QmfgL ug{
g;sL afFsL /x]df,
-v_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k"FhLsf]if C0ffTds ePdf,
-u_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] lg/LIf0f k|ltj]bgsf] cfwf/df /fi6« a}+sn] To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf vf/]hLsf] nflu l;kmfl/;
u/]df,

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 Summary of BAFIA, 2073 Krishna Niraula (CA)

-3_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] pNn]Vo :jfldTj ePsf z]o/wgL jf kbflwsf/Laf6 lgIf]kstf{sf] xslxt tyf ljQLo k|0ffnLsf]
ljsf;df af/Daf/ cj/f]w k'Ug] sfd sf/afxL u/]sf] kfOPdf,
-ª_ o; P]g tyf /fi6« a}+sn] lbPsf] lgb]{zgsf] af/Daf/ pNn+3g u/]sf] kfOPdf,
-r_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] afWofTds vf/]hL x'g] egL /fi6« a}+sn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf cGo cj:yf kfOPdf .
*)= sf/f]af/ :yug x'g] M -!_ bkmf &* adf]lhd a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] afWofTds vf/]hLsf nflu cbfnt ;dIf lgj]bg
lbg] lalQs} /fi6« a}+sn] To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;Dk"0f{ ljQLo sf/f]af/ :yug ug{ cfb]z lbg]5 .
*!= lnlSj8]6/sf] lgo'lQm M l;kmfl/; ug'{ kg]{5 , l;kmfl/; ul/Psf tLg JolQmdWo] s'g} Ps JolQmnfO{ cbfntn]
lnlSj8]6/sf] ?kdf lgo'lQm ug{ ;Sg]5 .
*@= lnlSj8]6/sf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/
*#= vf/]hL ;DaGwL cfb]zsf] k|efj M
*$= ;DklQ tyf bfloTjsf] nut M
*%= sf/f]af/ cGTo ug{ ;Sg]
*^= bfaL k]z ug]{ ;"rgf M
($= e'QmfgLsf] k|fyldstf M -!_ afWofTds vf/]hLdf uPsf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] b]xfosf] k|fyldstf qmdfg';f/ bfloTj
e'QmfgL ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ afWofTds vf/]hLsf] nflu ePsf] vr{,
-v_ lgIf]kstf{sf] s'n :jLs[t bfaL /sdsf] ;Ldfdf ga9\g] u/L k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ePsf lgIf]k aLdf ;'/If0f;Ddsf]
/sd jf To:tf] /sd lgIf]k /sd sfg"g adf]lhd :yfkgf ePsf] lgIf]k aLdf ;'/If0f ug{]
;+:yfnfO{ e'StfgL u/]sf] eP ;f] a/fa/sf] /sd .
-u_ v08 -v_ adf]lhd e'StfgL eO{ afFsL x'g cfPsf] lgIf]k,
-3_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ lbg' kg]{ tnj eQf tyf cGo bfloTj afktsf] /sd,
-ª_ g]kfn ;/sf/, :yfgLo lgsfo jf /fi6« a}+snfO{ ltg'{ a'emfpg' kg]{ /sd,
-r_ cGo a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ ltg{ afFsL z'Ns jf d"NofÍg afkt ltg'{kg]{ /sd,
-5_ cGo ;fx' jf cGo bfaL afktsf] /sd,
-h_ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhdsf z]o/wgLx? .
kl/R5]b–!# sf/afxL, s;'/ tyf b08 ;hfo ;DaGwL Joj:yf
((= lgodgsf] sf/afxL ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ of] P]g jf /fi6« a}+s P]g jf ;f] cGtu{t hf/L ul/Psf] lgod, ljlgod, lgb]{zg jf
cfb]zsf] pNn+3g ug]{] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ pNn+3gsf] k|s[lt / uflDeo{ x]/L /fi6« a}+sn] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] s'g} Ps jf
Ps eGbf a9L sf/afxL ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ ;r]t u/fpg] jf lnlvt r]tfjgL lbg],
-v_ ;'wf/fTds sbd rfNgsf nflu ;~rfns ;ldltnfO{ sa'lnotgfdf u/fpg],
-u_ of] P]g jf /fi6« a}+s P]g jf ;f] cGtu{t hf/L ul/Psf] lgod, ljlgod, lgb]{zg jf cfb]zsf] pNn+3g gug{ jf ;'wf/fTds
sbd rfNg lnlvt cfb]z hf/L ug{],
-3_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfˆgf] z]o/wgLnfO{ lbg] nfef+zsf] ljt/0f jf af]g; z]o/ hf/L ug{ jf nfef+z ljt/0f jf
af]g; z]o/ hf/L ug]{ sfo{df k|ltaGw nufpg],
-ª_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] :jLsf/ ug{ ;Sg] lgIf]k jf lbg ;Sg] shf{ jf lgIf]k :jLsf/ ug{ jf shf{ lbg] sfo{df ;Ldf
tf]Sg] jf k|ltaGw nufpg],
-r_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sf/f]af/df cf+lzs jf k"0f{ k|ltaGw nufpg] .
-@_ /fi6« a}+sn] b]xfosf cj:yfdf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ lbPsf] a}+lsË tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug]{ Ohfhtkq lgnDag jf
/2 ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ a}+lsË tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug]{ Ohfhtkq k|fKt u/]sf] ldltn] 5 dlxgfleq a}+lsË tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;'? gu/]df,
-v_ /fi6« a}+ssf] :jLs[lt glnO{ a}+lsË tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ aGb u/]df,
-u_ lgIf]kstf{sf] xslxt ljk/Lt x'g] u/L a}+lsË tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;~rfng u/]df jf dfu]sf] jf Dofb
k'u]sf] lgIf]k dfu ubf{ lkmtf{ gu/]df jf ug{ g;s]df, -3_ /fi6« a}+s P]g, o; P]g jf ;f] cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod, ljlgod,
lgb]{zg, cfb]z jf /fi6« a}+sn] tf]s]sf] zt{ pNn+3g u/]df jf kfngf gu/]df,
-ª_ e'm§f ljj/0f k]z u/L a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] Ohfhtkq k|fKt u/]sf] kfOPdf,
-r_ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd lgIf]k ;'/If0f gu/fPdf .
-#_ s'g} klg a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfks,z]o/wgL, ;~rfns, sfo{sf/L k|d'v, kbflwsf/L, sd{rf/L jf

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 Summary of BAFIA, 2073 Krishna Niraula (CA)

cGo s'g} ;DalGwt JolQmn] of] P]g jf /fi6« a}+s P]g jf ;f] cGtu{t hf/L ePsf] lgod, ljlgod, lgb{]zg jf cfb]zsf]
pNn+3g u/]df /fi6« a}+sn] pNn+3gsf] k|s[lt tyf uflDeo{ x]/L b]xfo adf]lhdsf] s'g} Ps jf PseGbf a9L sf/afxL ug{
;Sg]5 M–
-s_ lghn] lnPsf] ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] z]o/ hkmt tyf /f]Ssf ug]{ / ;f] z]o/ cGo
JolQmnfO{ laqmL ug{ ;~rfns ;ldltnfO{ lgb]{zg lbg],
-v_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns ;ldlt, ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L / cGo sd{rf/Ln] kfpg] a}7s eQf, dfl;s kfl/>lds
nufotsf s]xL jf ;a} ;'ljwf /f]Ssf jf lgnDagdf /fVg ;~rfns ;ldltnfO{ lgb]{zg lbg],
-u_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] cWoIf, ;~rfns, k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t jf k|d'v sfo{sf/Lsf] x}l;otdf
sfd ug{] s'g} klg JolQm jf sd{rf/LnfO{ /fi6« a}+ssf] lg/LIf0f jf cg'udgaf6 lgIf]kstf{,
z]o/wgL tyf Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfsf] lxtdf sfd gu/]sf] kfOPdf lghnfO{ lnlvt ;"rgf lbO{ ;f] kbaf6 x6fpg], t/
o; v08 adf]lhdsf] sf/afxL ubf{ lghnfO{ cfkm" pk/ nfu]sf] cf/f]ksf] ;kmfO k]z ug{ tLgb]lv kGw| lbgsf] ;do lbg'
kg]{5 . To:tf] JolQmn] cjsfz kfP afktdf s'g} klg Ifltk"lt{ jf sd{rf/L ljlgodfjnLdf Joj:yf ePsf] ;'ljwf kfpg]
5}g / /fi6« a}+saf6 Ohfhtkq k|fKt s'g} klg
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfdf kfFr jif{;Ddsf nflu ;]jfdf axfn /xg cof]Uo dflgg]5 .
-3_ v08 -u_ adf]lhdsf] sf/afxL ubf{
!))= hl/afgf ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ of] P]g jf /fi6« a}+s P]g jf ;f] cGtu{t hf/L u/]sf] lgod, ljlgod, lgb]{zg jf cfb]z
adf]lhd lbg' kg]{ hfgsf/L glbg] jf k]z ug'{ kg]{ tyf ljj/0f tf]lsPsf] ;doleq k]z gug]{ jf cg'udg, lg/LIf0f jf
;'kl/j]If0f ubf{ /fi6« a+}s jf ;f] sfo{sf nflu /fi6« a}+saf6 vl6Psf] s'g} clwsf/Ln] dfu u/]sf] sfuhkq, ljj/0f, tYof+s
jf clen]v tf]s]sf] cjlwleq pknAw gu/fpg] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ /fi6« a+}sn] b]xfo adf]lhd hl/afgf ug{ ;Sg]5
M–
-s_ Dofb gf3]sf] b'O{ xKtf;Dd b}lgs Psnfv ?k}ofF,
-v_ Dofb gf3]sf] Ps dlxgf;Dd b}lgs Psnfv kRrL; xhf/ ?k}ofF,
-u_ v08 -v_ sf] cjlw gf3]kl5 hlxn] ;'s} ePklg b}lgs Psnfv krf; xhf/ ?k}ofF .
-@_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfks, z]o/wgL, ;~rfns, sfo{sf/L k|d'v, kbflwsf/L, sd{rf/L jf cGo s'g} ;DalGwt
JolQmn] of] P]g jf /fi6« a}+s P]g jf ;f] cGtu{t hf/L ePsf] lgod, ljlgod jf lbOPsf] lgb{]zg jf cfb]z jf zt{sf]
pNn+3g u/]df jf /fi6« a}+sn] bkmf (( sf] pkbkmf
-#_ sf] v08 -v_ adf]lhd lbPsf] lgb]{zg sfof{Gjog gu/]df /fi6« a}+sn] pNn+3gsf] k|s[lt tyf uflDeo{ x]/L bznfv ?k}ofF
;Dd hl/afgf ug{ ;Sg]5 . -#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ul/Psf] hl/afgfsf] /sd a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] lg0f{osf] hfgsf/L
kfPsf] ldltn] tLg lbgleq /fi6« a}+snfO{ ga'emfPdf To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] /fi6« a}+sdf vf]n]sf] vftfdf /x]sf]
/sdaf6 s§f u/L c;'n pk/ ul/g]5 . -$_ pkbkmf -!_ / -@_ adf]lhd /fi6« a}+snfO{ k|fKt x'g] gub hl/afgf ;/sf/L
sf]ifdf bflvnf ug'{ kg]{5 .
!)!= sf/afxLsf] sfo{ljlw
!)@= Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yf pk/ lgoGq0f M
!)#= s;'/ M -!_ s;}n] of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t hf/L ul/Psf] lgod, ljlgod, lgb]{zg, cfb]z jf zt{ jf ;Ldf ljk/Lt
x'g] u/L b]xfosf] s'g} sfd sf/afxL u/]df o; P]g adf]lhd s;'/ u/]sf] dflgg]5 M–
-s_ Ohfhtkq glnO{ a}+lsË tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ u/]df,
-v_ unt jf em'§f ljj/0f lbO{ a}+lsË tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug]{ Ohfhtkq lnPdf,
-u_ a}+lsË tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug]{] Ohfhtkqsf] zt{ ;Ldf ljk/Lt x'g] u/L a}+lsË tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ u/]df,
-3_ Ohfht ljgf ljb]zL ljlgdo;DaGwL sf/f]af/ u/]df,
-ª_ o; P]g ljk/Lt shf{ k|jfx jfcGo nufgL u/]df,
-r_ shf{ k|jfx ubf{, lwtf] d"NofÍg ubf{, shf{ c;'nL ubf{ jf ;f];Fu ;DalGwt s'g} klg sfo{df clgoldttf u/]df, lwtf]df
lnPsf] ;DklQ lnnfd laqmL ubf{ jf u}/ a}+lsË ;DklQsf] ?kdf ;sf/ ug{' kbf{ jf u}/ a}+lsË ;DklQ ;sf/u/L laqmL ubf{
lwtf] lnFbf ul/Psf] d"NofÍg agfj6L d"Nodf u/]df,
-5_ ufEbf uflebf, k|flKt ubf{, vf/]hL ubf{ jf n]vfk/LIf0f ubf{ s'g} ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L, sd{rf/L tyf cGo JolQmn]
clgoldttf u/]df,
-h_ v08 -s_ b]lv -5_ ;Ddsf] s;'/ ug{ pBf]u ug]{ jf To:tf] s;'/ ug{ s'g} lsl;dn] d2t k'¥ofPdf . -@_ pkbkmf -!_
adf]lhdsf] s;'/ x'Fbfsf avt cfˆgf] kbdf axfn /x]sf] ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/L
jf s;'/df ;xof]u ug]{ cGo s'g} JolQm ;d]tn] To:tf] s;'/ cfˆgf] ;xdlt lagf ePsf] jf To:tf] s;'/ x'g glbg cfkm"n]
e/dUb'/ k|of; u/]sf] s'/f k|dfl0ft u/]sf] cj:yfdf afx]s To:tf] s;'/ lgh :jo+n] u/]sf] dflgg]5 . -#_ ljb]zL a}+ssf]
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 Summary of BAFIA, 2073 Krishna Niraula (CA)

zfvfsf] s'g} klg kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/Ln] zfvfsf] lgoldt sf/f]af/sf] l;nl;nfdf afx]s To:tf] zfvfsf] s'g} ;DklQ
csf]{ d'n'sdf :yfgfGt/0f u/]df, ;f]sf] :jLs[lt lbPdf, To;f] ug{ clVtof/L lbPdf jf ;f] sfo{nfO{ d2t ug]{ jf k'Ug] s'g}
sfo{ u/]df o; P]g adf]lhd s;'/ u/]sf] dflgg]5 .
!)$= b08 ;hfo M -!_ b]xfosf] s;'/ ug]{ JolQmnfO{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ;hfo x'g]5 M–
-s_ bkmf !)# sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08-s_ adf]lhdsf] s;'/ u/]df lauf] hkmt u/L lauf]sf] tLg u'0ff;Dd hl/afgf /
kfFr jif{;Dd s}b,-v_ bkmf !)# sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -v_ adf]lhdsf] s;'/ u/]df lauf] eP ;f] hkmt u/L lauf]sf]
b'O{u'0ff;Dd hl/afgf / b'O{ jif{;Dd s}b, -u_ bkmf !)# sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -u_, -3_, -ª_, -r_ jf -5_ adf]lhdsf]
s;'/ u/]df lauf] eP ;f] hkmt u/L lauf] a/fa/sf] hl/afgf / Ps jif{ ;Dd s}b, -3_ bkmf !)# sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08
-h_ adf]lhdsf] s;'/ u/]df lauf] eP ;f] hkmt u/L d'Vo JolQmnfO{ x'g] ;hfosf] cfwf . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] k|of]hgsf
nflu lauf] sfod ubf{ sf/f]af/ ePsf] ;Dk"0f{ /sdnfO{ lx;fa u/L lauf] sfod ug{' kg{]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -s_ b]lv v08 -3_ ;Ddsf] hl/afgf ubf{ lauf] v'n]sf]df ;f]xL lauf] adf]lhd / lauf] gv'n]sf]df
bz nfv ?k}ofFb]lv krf; nfv ?k}ofF ;Dd
hl/afgf x'g]5 . -$_ bkmf !)# sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] s;'/ ug]{ JolQmnfO{ lauf] adf]lhdsf] hl/afgf / kfFr jif{;Dd
s}b x'g]5 . -%_ bkmf !)# adf]lhdsf] s;'/ s'g} kmd{ sDkgL jf ;+:yfn] u/]df To:tf] kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfsf] ;DalGwt
;~rfns, kbflwsf/L, sd{rf/L jf ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ o; bkmf adf]lhd ;hfo x'g]5 / To:tf] ;DalGwt JolQm olsgx'g
g;s]df ;f] kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfsf] k|d'vnfO{ ;f]
adf]lhdsf] ;hfo x'g]5 .
kl/R5]b–!$ ljljw
!)&= k"jf{wf/ ljsf; a}+s ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf M -!_ /fi6« a}+sn] k"jf{wf/ ljsf; a}+ssf] :Yffkgf, ;~rfng, lgodg,
;'kl/j]If0f, sf/afxL, ufEg] ufleg], k|flKt ug{] jf vf/]hLsf ;DaGwdf k"jf{wf/ ljsf; a}+ssf] k|s[lt, kl/df0f tyf nufgLnfO{
cfwf/ dfgL 5'§} ljz]if gLltut Joj:yf ug{ jf lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg k"jf{wf/ ljsf; a}+ssf] ;+:yfks jf z]o/wgLn] lng]
clwstd z]o/ jf s'g} ljb]zL a}+s, ljQLo ;+:yf jf cGo ;+ul7t ;+:yfn] To:tf] a}+ssf] z]o/, l8a]~r/ jf cGo ljQLo
pks/0fdf nufgL ug]{ ;Ldf /fi6« a}+sn] ;do ;dodf lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!)*= lgIf]ksf] ;'/If0f u/fpg' kg{]
!)(= a+}lsË uf]kgLotf sfod /fVg' kg]{
!!)= vftf /f]Ssf /fVg lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg] M
!!!= lgIf]k pk/sf] xs bfaL M -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf /x]sf] lgIf]k pk/ ;f] lgIf]k /fVg] JolQm afx]s c? s;}sf] xs
bfaL nfUg] 5}g .
s]xL ;Defljt k|Zgx?M
 ……a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL P]g, @)&#Æ cg';f/ a}+ssf] ;~rfns ;ldltsf]
u7g lalw pNn]v ug'{xf]; .
 ……a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL P]g, @)&#Æ cg';f/ s:tf] AolQmnfO{
lwtf]kqsf/f]jf/df aGb]h nufO{Psf 5 ?
 s:tf] cj:yfdf a}+sn] cfkm\gf] z]o/ cfkm} vl/b ug{ ;Sb5 ?
 sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ pNn]v ub}{ s:tf] AolQm sfo{sf/L k|d'vdf
lgo'Qm x'g ;S5 pNn]v ug'{xf]; .
 a}+s laQLo ;+:yfsf sfo{x? s] s] x'g a0f{g ug'{xf]; .
 ……a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL P]g, @)&#Æ sf] pNn+3g u/]df s] s:tf] sf/jfxL
sf] Aoj:yf /x]sf] 5 ? pNn]v ug'{xf]; .
 ……a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL P]g, @)&#Æ cg';f/ b08, ;hfo tyf hl/jfhgfsf]
jf/]df j0f{g ug'{xf]; .
 ……a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL P]g, @)&#Æ adf]lhd a}+s tyf laQLo ;+:yfx?nfO{
s] s:tf] 5'6 tyf ;'ljwfsf] Aoj:yf 5 ?
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Summary of BAFIA, 2073 Krishna Niraula (CA)

 ……a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL P]g, @)&#” df ePsf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ufEg],
ufleg] jf k|flKt ug]{ -PSjLlh;g_ ;DaGwL Joj:yf pNn]v ug'{xf]; .
 ……a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL P]g, @)&#Æ nfO{ lsg 5ftf P]g elgPsf] xf] ?o;sf]
cfjZostf / cf}lrTo s] /x]sf] 5 ? AofVof ug'[{xf]; .
;dfKt

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