Lab Activity VIII

REGENERATION

Day : Thursday
Date : 15th November 2018

Name : Aficko Razaky Pratama

Student ID : B1B017040
Group : VIII
Subgroup :3
Assistant : Arih Daimah

LABORATORY OF ANIMAL STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT

FACULTY OF BIOLOGY
JENDERAL SOEDIRMAN UNIVERSITY
PURWOKERTO
2018
 I. INTRODUCTION

A. Aim

The aims of this practical class is to be able to observe the regeneration process
of nilem fish (Osteochilus vittatus) fins.

B. Benefits
The benefits of this practical class are able to know the regeneration process
especially from nilem fish (Osteochilus vittatus) and to know the ability of regeneration
in different nilem fish fin.

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 II. MATERIALS AND METHODS

A. Materials

The tools that used in this practical class are scissors, millimetre block,
magnifying glass, sieve, and container.
The materials that used in this practical class are Nilem fish (Osteochilus
vittatus) with the high of 10-15 cm, pellets, and well water.

B. Work Procedures

The work procedures that used in this practical class are:

1. Fish nilem taken from the aquarium using a sieve.
2. Total length of Nilem fish fin is measured using millimeter block.
3. The fin on the pectoral / abdominal part is cut using scissors.
4. The remaining fin is measured
5. Fish are put into container and kept for 2 weeks.
6. The fish are taken and the water is changed every 3 days and fed with fish
pellets for everyday.
7. Total length is measured every 7 days for 2 weeks.
8. Nilem fish are photographed.

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 III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

A. Result

Table 3.1 Observation Data of Nilem Fish Fin Regeneration

Late Fin Length (mm)
Early Fin
Entourage Group Fin Regeneration Day- Day-
Length Day-14
0 7
1/V Right Pectoral Fin 23 13 14 16
2/V Left Pectoral Fin 23 7 13 13
3/V Right Abdominal Fin 20 4 12 13/11 days
1
4/V Left Abdominal Fin 23 6 8 12
5/V Upper Caudal Fin 32 23 24 24/4 days

1/VI Right Pectoral Fin 20 10 11 12

2/VI Left Pectoral Fin 17 7 7 8/8days
3/VI Right Abdominal Fin 15 6 8 9
2
4/VI Left Abdominal Fin 20 10 11 12/8 days
5/VI Upper Caudal Fin 26 6 11 15/9 days

1/VII Right Pectoral Fin 23 15 18 20

2/VII Left Pectoral Fin 20 16 17 20/11 days
3 3/VII Right Abdominal Fin 19 6 6 10
4/VII Left Abdominal Fin 18 8 16 23/4 days

1/VIII Right Pectoral Fin 16 13 13 14/4 days

2/VIII Left Pectoral Fin 19 10 11 13/10 days
4 3/VIII Right Abdominal Fin 18 8 11 11/8 days
4/VIII Left Abdominal Fin 17 13 13 13

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 Figure 3.1 Fish Fin Before Being Cut Figure 3.2 Fish Fin Day-0

Figure 3.4 Fish Fin Day-14

Figure 3.3 Fish Fin Day-7

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A. Discussion

Based on the results of the practicum, group 8 entourage 4 observe

regeneration of the right abdominal fin. The fin was 18 mm long then cut and
measured the length of the remaining fins that is 8 mm, both lengths were recorded
as the initial length and the remaining length of the fins. Then the fish is put into
the aquarium to be maintained by being given enough food every day and cleaned
by the aquarium every three days. Development of regeneration on the 7th day the
right abdominal fin of the fish regenerates to 11 mm. The fish undergoes
regeration of 3 mm. This is consistent with the regeneration of fish fins every 7
days between 2-4 mm (McMillan et al., 2013). According to observations made,
the fish that had been cut off by fins became stressful and aggressive. Every time
you take measurements, you always have trouble taking fish in the aquarium
because the fish are too aggressive. Frequently a lot of fish that eventually die
before being fully observed. Cutting the fins indirectly will affect the behavior of
the fish. Cutting these fish fins can be done on the caudal fin, pectoral fins,
abdominal fins, or on other fins. If the part of the fin which is cut grows again, it
is easily recognized (Enggar et al., 2003). The fish still on regenerative
development and will grow into the same shape if the growth weren’t disturb by
microorganism or other factor, based on Kimball (1993), the period of
regenerative development takes approximately 2 weeks.
Teleostei fish have an extraordinary ability to regenerate parts of their
bodies when compared to high-level vertebrates including humans (Yoshinari et
al., 2008). Some amputated or severely injured fins can complete self recovery
through an epimorphic regeneration process. This process involves recruiting
mesenchymal cells to form blastema followed by differentiation of these cells into
scleroblasts, synthesis and deposition of extracellular matrix, and morphological
restoration (Anusree et al., 2011). It showed that blastema in fish was formed from
differentiated, proliferated and differentiated pre-existing mesenchymal cells into
all types of cells needed to reconstitute amputated tissue. When some of the
blastema cells differentiate, their shape is similar to the change in the
characteristics of their external membranes according to the position they occupy
in renewing fins (Monroe et al., 2015).

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 The basic phase of regeneration that starts from wound healing, the
beginning of formation in the epidermis by the mass of mesenchymal cells called
blastema, then the cells multiply which eventually will reshape or restore the
morphology of the fish fin (Ochandio et al., 2015). Following cutting in the first
12 hours, the injured fin is repaired by rapid epidermal cell migration over the
cutting surface. The mesenchymal tissue is located around the part of the cutting
that is experiencing being organized and displays increasing cell proliferation.
This process is followed by the formation of blastema at 24-36 hours post
amputation (hpa). The regenerating structure enlarges and remains whitish until
the third to fourth day. Starting from the fifth to sixth day, the white tissue persists
only at the distal area of the outgrowth, while the proximal part of the new tissue
progressively redifferentiates into the mature fin fold and acquires pigmentation
(Pfefferli & Anna, 2015). Blastema makes an apical mesenchymal growth zone
treated under external skin wounds during the period of regenerative development,
which takes approximately 2 weeks. With prolongation of development, the
blastema cells proximal to exit this area and begin differentiating to correct the
lost structure with proxomodistal direction (Rasmussen & Sagasti, 2016).
The ability to regenerate in various organisms is not the same, there are high
and some are low (Yatim, 1990). Regeneration is a process that is so important
for the life of living things. In the body of living things there is the ability to
regenerate at the cellular or tissue level whereas in certain animals it can
regenerate at the organ level. Factors that affect the regeneration of fish are
internal and external factors. Internal factors such as the activity of the thyroid and
pituitary glands that regulate the level of regeneration, while external factors such
as temperature, certain light intensity, environmental contaminants and drugs such
as amino propionitril, penicillin, indomethacin, dexaminaton, and acidmay
acetalisate which interfere with the regeneration capacity of fins. Regeneration is
influenced by several factors including temperature, biological processes and food
ingredients. An increase in temperature, in certain cases, accelerates regeneration.
Regeneration is faster at 29.7oC (Radiopoetro, 1989).

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 IV. CONCLUSION

A. Conclusion

Based on the result and discussion, it can be conclude that the fin
regeneration process occur in three phases, namely wound healing, formation of
blastema and regenerative development.

B. Suggestion

Need anesthetion for the fish, so it won’t stress and potentialy dead. When
measuring and observing make space and search for brigthter light.

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 REFERENCES

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