Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Construction Materials Book CD PDF
Construction Materials Book CD PDF
GUIDELINES
This edition was issued in February 2017 Third Edition-2017
Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Al rights reserved to TRAKHEES - Ports, Customs & Free Zone Corporation (PCFC) Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE). No
parts of this publication may be reproduced, stored in the retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior consent of the copyright owner. These Department of Planning and Development - TRAKHEES
regulations and guidelines have been established to be applied within Trakhees - PCFC Jurisdiction. Implementation of Ports, Customs & Free Zone Corporation
these regulations out of Trakhees jurisdiction is the sole responsibility of the concerned parties, whereby the local authority
regulations shall be precedent and govern.
Government of Dubai, United Arab Emirates
2 3
ACKNOW LEDGEMENT
4 5
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Chairman Quality Policy Statement-------------------------------------------------- 10
Section 1: Introduction------------------------------------------------------------------- 13
Section 2: Definitions--------------------------------------------------------------------- 15
Section 3: Quality Control (General)------------------------------------------------ 29
3.01- Quality Policy------------------------------------------------------------- 29
3.02 -Submittals----------------------------------------------------------------- 29
3.03 General Quality Control Requirements-------------------------------- 30
3.04 Quality Control Plans---------------------------------------------------- 33
3.05 Inspection Procedures---------------------------------------------------- 34
3.06 Inspection and Test Plan------------------------------------------------- 36
3.07 Document and Submittal Control-------------------------------------- 36
3.08 Identification and Control of Items and Materials-------------------- 37
3.09 Inspections and Tests ---------------------------------------------------- 38
3.10 Measuring and Test Equipment----------------------------------------- 40
3.11 Non-Conformance Monitoring----------------------------------------- 40
3.12 Personnel Qualifications------------------------------------------------- 42
3.13 Quality Control Reports/Audits----------------------------------------- 42
3.14 Equipment/Material Handling and Storage--------------------------- 43
3.15 Quality Control Records------------------------------------------------- 43
3.16 -Workmanship------------------------------------------------------------- 44
3.17 Protection of Property---------------------------------------------------- 45
3.18 QA/QC Induction Training---------------------------------------------- 46
6 7
TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS
8 9
CHAIRMAN’S QUALITY POLICY STATEMENT
10 11
Section 1: INTRODUCTION
• Quality control should ensure that the work is done correctly the first
time.
12 13
Section 2 : DEFINITIONS
14 15
Section 2 : DEFINITIONS Section 2 : DEFINITIONS
organisms, ranging in size from single-celled forms to the giant kelp. excavate to facilitate sinking and carryout other construction work.
Algae were once considered to be plants but are now classified separately
because they lack true roots, stems, leaves, and embryos. California bearing ratio (CBR): The ratio of the force per unit area
required to penetrate a soil mass with a 3 in2 (1940 mm2) circular
Anchor: A device that is used in pre-stressed concrete, to lock the stressed piston at the rate of 0.05 in. (1.3 mm) per min to the force required
tendon in position so that it will retain its stressed condition; in precast- for corresponding penetration of a standard material; the ratio is usually
concrete construction, to attach the precast units to the building frame; determined at 0.1 in. (2.5 mm) penetration.
and in slabs on grade or walls, to fasten to rock or adjacent structures
to prevent movement of the slab or wall with respect to the foundation, Cantilever: A structural member (beam/slab) fixed at one end only.
adjacent structure or rock. Casing: A metal pipe or tube used as a temporary lining for pile concrete.
Anchorage: The mechanism of transferring force between bars and Cast-in-place concrete: Concrete that is deposited and allowed to
concrete mass. harden in the place where it is required to be in the completed structure,
as opposed to precast concrete.
Apparent Density: The mass per unit volume (or the weight per unit
volume) of a material, including the voids which are inherent in the material. Cement, hydraulic: Cement that sets and hardens by chemical
interaction with water and is capable of doing so underwater, for example,
Armor layer: The outermost protective layer of a rubble mound structure
portland cement and ground granulated blast-furnace slag are hydraulic
composed of armor units which are either quarry rock or specially shaped
cements.
concrete units.
Cement, Ordinary Portland: The term used in the UK and elsewhere
Atterberg Limit: Arbitrary water contents (shrinkage limit, plastic limit,
to designate the equivalent of American normal portland cement or Type
liquid limit) determined by standard tests that define the boundaries
I cement; commonly abbreviated OPC.
between the different states of consistency of plastic soils.
Cementitious: Having cementing properties.
Authority: Shall mean TRAKHEES, Ports, Customs & Free Zone
Corporation represented by Civil Engineering Department. Chamfer: A flat surface made by cutting off the edge or corner of a block
of wood or other material.
Batch: Quantity of either concrete or mortar mixed at one time.
Client: Natural or corporate person in whose name the plot of land or
Beam: Structural member designed to transmit loads from the slabs/walls
building is registered whether in his /its capacity as landlord or possessor
to columns/walls.
or tenant.
Berth: A place where a vessel is tied up.
Coated bar: A bar to which a fusion bonded epoxy coating has been
Bleeding: The autogenous flow of mixing water within, or its emergence applied.
from, newly placed concrete or mortar; caused by the settlement of the
solid materials within the mass. Column: A member used primarily to support axial compression loads
and with a height of at least three times its least lateral dimension. Usually
Block, concrete: A concrete masonry unit, usually containing hollow designed to support vertical loads.
cores.
Compressive strength: The measured maximum resistance of a
Blowholes: Small regular or irregular cavities, usually not exceeding concrete or mortar specimen to axial compressive loading; expressed as
15mm in diameter, resulting from entrapment of air bubbles in the surface force per unit cross-sectional area; or the specified resistance used in
of formed concrete during placement and consolidation. design calculations.
Borehole: A hole that is drilled into the earth, as in exploratory well Concrete: A composite material that consists essentially of a binding
drilling or in building construction. medium within which are embedded particles or fragments of aggregates,
usually a combination of fine aggregates and coarse aggregates; in
Bursting reinforcement: Reinforcement used to resist bursting forces in portland-cement concrete, the binder is a mixture of portland cement and
anchorage zone of pre stressed members. water, with or without admixtures.
Caisson: Hollow structure with substantial imperious wall that form a Concrete Cover: Distance between concrete surface and nearest surface
sealed but accessible chamber in which air can be maintained above of reinforcement (or duct of pre stressing tendon).
atmospheric pressure to exclude water within which operatives can
16 17
Section 2 : DEFINITIONS Section 2 : DEFINITIONS
Consolidation: The process of inducing a closer arrangement of the supported by special suspension.
solid particles in freshly mixed concrete or mortar during placement
by the reduction of voids, usually by vibration, centrifugation, rodding, Distribution bars: Reinforcing bar, usually at right angle to the main
tamping, or some combination of these actions; also applicable to similar reinforcement.
manipulation of other cementitious mixtures, soils, aggregates, or the like. Dock: A marine floating structure for mooring or tying of a vessel.
Consultant: A registered consultant holding a valid consulting Engineer’s Documentation: All documents which shall available for inspection
license from the Dubai Economic Department, who is appointed by client during project construction.
to produce a Design / specification / supervision for the intended project.
Dolphin: Free standing pile or solid filled structure used for mooring and
Contractor: A registered contractor holding a valid Contracting Engineer’s berthing vessels.
License from the Dubai Economic Department, who is appointed by the
client to build the project. Dowel bar: Short metal bar cast into concrete with part of its length
projected to the next pouring phase in the plane of casting joint.
Coordinates: Any of a set of two or more numbers used to determine the
position of a point, line, curve, or plane in a space of a given dimension Dredging: Removal or excavating materials from sea bed for various
with respect to a system of lines or other fixed references. purposes.
Coping: The uppermost in situ concrete portion of vertical sea wall (quay Drilling fluid: A suspension of finely divided heavy material, such as
wall). bentonite and barite, pumped through the drill pipe during rotary drilling
to seal off porous zones and flush out chippings, and to lubricate and
Core: The innermost material of rubble mound breakwater. cool the bit.
Corrosion: Destruction of metal by a chemical, electrochemical, or Drying shrinkage: Shrinkage resulting from loss of moisture.
electrolytic reaction within its environment.
Durability: The ability of concrete to resist weathering action, chemical
Cover: In reinforced concrete, the least distance between the surface of attack, abrasion, and other conditions of service over a long period of time.
embedded reinforcement and the outer surface of the concrete.
Dynamic compaction: A fill densification method which involves repeated
Curing: Action taken to maintain moisture and temperature conditions in dropping of heavy load from certain height onto the ground surface.
a freshly placed cementitious mixture to allow hydraulic cement hydration
and (if applicable) pozzolanic reactions to occur so that the potential Dynamic Pile Test: It is a method of testing deep foundations to obtain
properties of the mixture may develop. information about their capacity and integrity, and in some cases, to
monitor their installation.
Cut and bent bars: Reinforcing bars supplied to site after fabrication to
the required shape. Earthwork: Work of excavating or backfilling of ground.
Cut off Level: This is the level to which the piles are cut off or trimmed. Efflorescence: A deposit of salts, usually white, formed on a surface,
the substance having emerged in solution from within either concrete
Datum: Level to which soundings, ground elevations, water surface or masonry and subsequently been precipitated by reaction, such as
elevations, and tidal data are referred. Also known as chart datum, datum carbonation, or evaporation.
level, reference level, reference plane.
Elongation: Increase in length.
Dense concrete: Concrete containing a minimum of voids
Emirate: Emirate of Dubai.
Density: Mass per unit volume (preferred over depreciated term unit
weight.) Density, dry—the mass per unit volume of a dry substance at a Employer Representative/ Engineer: Means the person appointed by
stated temperature. the Employer & authorised by the Authority to prepare the design and
supervise the construction work.
Developer: Means creator of property improvement by constructing
commercial / residential buildings in a specific area. A developer will End Bearing Pile: Pile that transmits forces to the ground mainly by
organize and plan the development, supervise its construction and compression of its shaft.
manage all the business elements of the project. Epoxy-coated bar: A reinforcing bar coated by an epoxy resin system,
Diaphragm Wall: Concrete wall constructed in trench temporarily usually to increase resistance to corrosion.
18 19
Section 2 : DEFINITIONS Section 2 : DEFINITIONS
Expansion: Increase in either length or volume. Foundation: Structural member designed to transfer all applied loads
to soil safely.
Fabric: Factory made product of welded wire bars.
Fresh concrete: Concrete that possesses enough of its original workability
Fender: Energy absorbing device used on the face of pier, wharf, to so that it can be placed and consolidated by the intended methods.
protect vessel from damage due to impact forces during berthing or
mooring. Friction Pile: Pile transmitting forces to the ground mainly by friction
between its perimeter surface and adjacent soil.
Fillet weld: Weld of generally triangular cross section made between
intersecting surfaces of steel structural elements. Fungus Resistance: The property of resisting attack by mould or fungus
by paint when used in any warm damp environment.
Fire Clay: An earthy or stony mineral aggregate that has as the essential
constituent hydrous silicates of aluminum with or without free silica, Grading: The distribution of particles of granular material among various
and that is plastic when sufficiently pulverized and wetted, rigid when sizes; usually expressed in terms of cumulative percentages larger or
subsequently dried, and of suitable refractoriness for use in commercial smaller than each of a series of sizes (sieve openings) or the percentages
refractory products. between certain ranges of sizes (sieve openings).
Fire rating: Fire resistance ratings for any material. Ground granulated blast furnace Slag (GGBS or GGBFS): It is the
material obtained by quenching molten iron blast furnace slag (a by-
Fire resistance: The property of a material or assembly to withstand
product of iron and steel making) in water or stream, to produce a glassy
fire or give protection from it; as applied to elements of buildings, it is
granular product that is then dried and ground into a fine powder.
characterized by the ability to confine a fire or, when exposed to fire, to
continue to perform a given structural function, or both. Grout: A mixture of cementitious material and water, with or without
aggregate, proportioned to produce a pourable consistency without
Flashing: A thin impervious material placed in construction (e.g.,
segregation of the constituents; also material transverse to the direction of
in mortar joints and through air spaces in masonry) to prevent water
anticipated water flow.)
penetration and/or provide water drainage, esp. between a roof and wall,
and over exterior door openings and windows. Gusset plat: Steel Plate element connecting truss members or a structure
or brace to a beam or column.
Flexural strength: The property of a material or a structural member
that indicates its ability to resist failure in bending; in concrete flexural H-Pile: Steel pile or rolled steel H-sections.
members, the stress at which a section reaches its maximum usable
bending capacity; for under-reinforced concrete flexural members, the Inspection and Test Plan (ITP): An Inspection and Test Plan is the
stress at which the compressive strain in the concrete reaches 0.003; program of inspection and testing of materials, to be prepared and
for over-reinforced concrete flexural members, the stress at which the submitted by contractor.
compressive stress reaches 85% of the cylinder strength of the concrete; Inspector: The engineer or supervisor employed by the Authority, who is
for un-reinforced-concrete members, the stress at which the concrete authorized to conduct the inspection activity.
tensile strength reaches the modulus of rupture.
Jetting: Application of water under pressure for displace material to aid
Floor Slab: Structural member designed to transmit live and dead loads penetration of a driven pile.
to columns or beams.
Jetty: A structure providing a berth at some distance from the shore.
Flow table: A flat, circular jigging device used in making flow tests for
consistency of cement paste, mortar, or concrete. Lap: overlap between two parallel and adjacent reinforcing bars by which
the force in one bar is transferred to other.
Fly ash: The finely divided residue that results from the combustion of
ground or powdered coal and that is transported by flue gases from the Lightweight aggregate: Aggregate of low density, such as: a) expanded
combustion zone to the particle removal system. or sintered clay, shale, slate, diatomaceous shale, perlite, vermiculite, or
slag; b) natural pumice, scoria, volcanic cinders, tuff, and diatomite; and
Footing: structural element that transmits loads directly to the soil. c) sintered fly ash or industrial cinders, used in lightweight concrete.
Formwork: A temporary construction to contain wet concrete in the Lightweight Concrete: Concrete made of density of 1840 kg/m3 or
required shape while it is cast, setting and gaining the required strength/ less as determined by relevant standard.
achieving the required stability.
20 21
Section 2 : DEFINITIONS Section 2 : DEFINITIONS
Lime: Specifically, calcium oxide (CaO); loosely, a general term for the Permeability: The property of porous material that permits a fluid (or
various chemical and physical forms of quicklime, hydrated lime, and gas) to pass through it.
hydraulic hydrated lime.
Permeability to water, coefficient of: The rate of discharge of water
Load bearing wall: Structural wall elemental which is designed to carry under laminar flow conditions through a unit cross-sectional area of a
external loads. porous medium under a unit hydraulic gradient and standard temperature
conditions, usually 20°C.
Los Angeles Abrasion Test: Test for abrasion resistance of concrete
aggregates. Pier: A structure projecting from shore at which berths are provided.
Main Reinforcement: Reinforcement designed to resist the main Pile: A timber, concrete, or steel structural element, driven, jetted, or
structural forces. otherwise embedded on end in the ground for the purpose of supporting
a load or compacting the soil.
Mass: The physical property of matter that causes it to have weight in a
gravitational field; the quantity of matter in a body. Pile cap: A concrete structure built on the head of one pile or a group of
piles for transmission of load from structure to the soil through the pile/s.
Mesh: The rectangle defined by pitch of longitudinal wire and the pitch of
gross wire in a sheet of fabric. Pile Head Treatment: The treatment of the pile head to protect it from
water.
Micro-Pile: Small pile usually less that 300mm diameter, installed using
light weight equipment. Pile Integrity Test: A quick and cost effective method to evaluate the
shaft integrity of concrete piles. The testing is able to provide information
Modulus of rupture: A measure of the load-carrying capacity of a beam
on:
and sometimes referred to as rupture modulus or rupture strength; it is
a.) Pile continuity
calculated for apparent tensile stress in the extreme fiber of a transverse
test specimen under the load that produces rupture. b.) Consistency of material
c.) Location of defect
Moisture content of aggregate: The ratio, expressed as a percentage,
of the mass of water in a given granular mass to the dry weight of the d.) Degree of defect
mass. Pile spacing: The distance measured from center to center of adjacent
Moisture content of concrete masonry unit: The amount of water piles.
contained in the hardened concrete at the time of sampling, expressed as Plaster: A cementitious material or combination of cementitious material
a percentage of its capacity for total absorption. and fine aggregate that, when mixed with a suitable amount of water,
Mortar: A mixture of cement paste and fine aggregate; in fresh concrete, forms a plastic mass or paste that when applied to a surface, adheres to
the material occupying the interstices among particles of coarse aggregate; it and subsequently hardens, preserving in a rigid state the form or texture
in masonry construction, joint mortar may contain masonry cement, or imposed during the period of plasticity; also the placed and hardened
may contain hydraulic cement with lime (and possibly other admixtures) to mixture.
afford greater plasticity and workability than are attainable with standard Plumbness: It is verticality or alignment as measured with a plumb.
portland cement mortar.
Pontoon: Floating structure usually used as an access way or/and
Natural Sand: Sand resulting from natural disintegration and abrasion berthing of vessel in marine.
of rock.
Portland Cement: A hydraulic cement produced by pulverizing portland-
Non-shrink grout: It is a hydraulic cement grout that produces a volume cement clinker, usually in combination with calcium sulfate.
that, when hardened under stipulated test conditions, is greater than or
equal to the original installed volume; often used as a transfer medium Precast concrete: Concrete element to be cast and fabricated at location
between load-bearing members. separate from its final position.
Pad Foundation: Separate foundation that spreads the loads on soil. Precast Pile: Totally preformed pile of reinforcement concrete cast in one
length, or series of joined length.
Pavement (concrete): A layer of concrete on such areas as roads,
sidewalks, canals, playgrounds, and those used for storage or parking. Pre-Stressed Concrete: Concrete that subject to pre-tensioning or post
tensioning.
22 23
Section 2 : DEFINITIONS Section 2 : DEFINITIONS
Project: The construction of a building, or any other small civil work on stone/rock or concrete blocks.
a leased property including any modification or installations in pre-built
facilities. Rubble Mound: A mound of random shaped and random placed stones.
PTP: Preliminary Test Pile installed before commencement of the main Sand equivalent: A measure of the relative proportions of detrimental
piling works to confirm the parameters adopted in the design. fine dust, claylike material or both in soils or fine aggregate.
Quality: The degree to which a product or service meets or exceeds a Sealant: Compressible material used to exclude water and solid foreign
customer’s requirements and expectations. materials from joints.
Quality Assurance: The inspection, testing, and other relevant actions Seawall (quay wall): A structure separating land from water areas and
taken (often by an owner or his representative) to ensure that the primarily designed to prevent erosion damage due to wave and current
desired level of quality is in accordance with the applicable standards or action as well as providing support to the related structures.
specifications for the product or work. Secant Pile: System of retaining wall construction using interlocked
Quality Control: A system for ensuring the maintenance of proper bored piles.
standards in manufactured goods, especially by periodic random Setbacks: Distance from the curb or other established line within which
inspection of the product. no buildings may be erected.
Quality Control Plan (QCP): A plan that describes the responsibilities, Setting time: Time of setting of concrete.
functions and procedures to be followed in a project, to meet the projects
quality control requirements. Settlement: Downward movement of a soil or structure.
Quality Management: These are all activities of the overall management Shim: Thin layer of material used to fill a space between bearing surface.
function that determine quality policy, objectives and responsibilities and Silica fume: Very fine non crystalline silica produced in electric arc
implement them by means such as quality planning, quality assurance, furnaces as a byproduct of the production of elemental silicon or alloys
quality control and quality improvement within the system. containing silicon.
Racking pile: A pile installed at inclination to the vertical to fit the Slab-on-grade: A slab, continuously supported by ground, whose total
purpose. loading when uniformly distributed would impart a pressure to the grade
Raft Foundation: Foundation in the form of a continuous structural or soil that is less than 50% of the allowable bearing capacity thereof; the
concrete slab that extends over the whole base of the structure. slab may be of uniform or variable thickness, and it may include stiffening
elements such as ribs or beams; the slab may be plain, reinforced, or
Rebar: Abbreviation for Reinforcing bar. prestressed concrete; reinforcement or prestressing steel may be provided
to accommodate the effects of shrinkage and temperature or structural
Regulations: Construction Materials Quality Control & Structural
loading. (Also referred to as slab-on-ground; slab-on-grade is the
Inspection Guidelines and other regulations issued by authority.
preferred term.)
Reinforcement: Bars, wires, strands or other slender members that are
Slab: A molded layer of plain or reinforced concrete, flat, horizontal
embedded in concrete in such a manner that they and the concrete act
(or nearly so), usually of uniform but sometimes of variable thickness,
together in resisting forces.
either on the ground or supported by beams, columns, walls, or other
Relative humidity: The ratio of the quantity of water vapor actually framework.
present to the amount present in a saturated atmosphere at a given
Slump: A measure of consistency of freshly mixed concrete or mortar
temperature; expressed as a percentage.
equal to the subsidence measured to the nearest 1/4 in. (6 mm) of the
Release Agent: Also known as a de-moulding agent, parting agent or molded specimen immediately after removal of the slump cone.
form releaser, is a substance used in moulding and casting that aids in
Slump loss: The amount by which the slump of freshly mixed concrete
the separation of a mould from the material being moulded and reduces
changes during a period of time after an initial slump test was made on a
imperfections in the moulded surface.
sample or samples thereof.
Render: To apply a coat of mortar by a trowel or float.
Soldier Pile: System of retaining wall construction by using steel channel
Revetment: A sloping type of shoreline protection often constructed from /H section and con Crete/ timber panel for supporting soil.
24 25
Section 2 : DEFINITIONS Section 2 : DEFINITIONS
Sonic Integrity: Sometimes called Ultrasonic Test, Sonic Test, Sonic Strength, nominal: Strength of a member or cross section calculated
Logging etc. This test is performed to check integrity of concrete, locate in accordance with provisions and assumptions of the strength design
defects and evaluate effectiveness of repair works on bored piles, caissons, method before application of any strength-reduction (Φ) factor.
barrettes and diaphragm walls and other concrete structures.
Stress: Intensity of internal force (that is, force per unit area) exerted by
Soundness: The freedom of a solid from cracks, flaws, fissures, or either of two adjacent parts of a body on the other across an imagined
variations from an accepted standard; in the case of a cement, freedom plane of separation; when the forces are parallel to the plane, the stress
from excessive volume change after setting; in the case of aggregate, the is called shear stress; when the forces are normal to the plane, the stress
ability to withstand the aggressive action to which concrete containing it is called normal stress; when the normal stress is directed toward the part
might be exposed, particularly that due to weather. on which it acts, it is called compressive stress; when the normal stress is
directed away from the part on which it acts, it is called tensile stress.
Spacer / Cover Block: A device which holds steel reinforcement in
its proper position, or which holds wall forms at a given distance apart Strip Foundation: Long and narrow foundations usually horizontal.
before and during concreting.
Structural concrete: A special type of concrete that is capable of carrying
Spacers: All chairs, blocks, supports and devices of a special nature a structural load or forming an integral part of a structure.
required to hold the reinforcement in the correct position during concreting
Sub base: A layer in a pavement system between the sub grade and the
Specification: Written documents containing the requirements for base course, or between the sub grade and a portland-cement concrete
material, standard and workmanship, etc. pavement.
Specific gravity, bulk (saturated-surface-dry): The ratio of the mass Sub contractor: One that enters into a subcontract and assumes some
of a volume of a material (including the mass of water within the voids, of the obligations of the primary contractor.
but not including the voids between particles) at a stated temperature to
the mass of an equal volume of distilled water at a stated temperature. Sub grade: The soil prepared and compacted to support a structure or
a pavement system.
Standard Penetration Test (SPT): Test in which a standard spoon is
driven into the soil to a Standard distance by standard blows. The number Sub-Structure: The supporting part of a structure; the foundation.
of blows is used to estimate soil parameters. Substrate: An underlying layer of any material.
Starter bar: Reinforcing bar that partially projects from concrete to Tensile strength: Tensile strength of concrete as determined by a splitting
provide continuity with the reinforcement of subsequently placed concrete. tensile test.
Static Load Test: It involves the direct measurement of pile head Tension Pile: Pile is designed to resist tensile forces.
displacement in the response to a physically applied test load.
Test Pile: A pile used for testing by applying certain loads to confirm the
Steel: A generally hard, strong, durable, malleable alloy of iron and safe pile capacity.
carbon, usually containing between 0.2 and 1.5 percent carbon, often with
other constituents such as manganese, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, Thermal conductivity: The property (of a homogeneous body) measured
copper, tungsten, cobalt, or silicon, depending on the desired alloy by the ratio of the steady-state heat flux (time-rate of heat flow per unit
properties, and widely used as a structural material. area) to the temperature.
Steel anchor: A steel bar embedded into concrete to transmit shear, Toe of Fillet: Junction of a fillet welds face and base metal.
tension or combination. Tremie: A pipe or tube through which concrete is deposited under water,
Steel Splice: Connecting between two structural elements at their ends to having at its upper end a hopper for filling and a bail for moving the
form a single longer member. assemblage.
Stiffener: Structural element usually an angle or steel plate attached to a Trench form (for cast-in-place concrete pipe): The vertical sides and
member to transfer forces or prevent buckling. semicircular bottom of the trench shaped to provide full, firm, and uniform
support for the lower 210 degrees of the pipe.
Strain: The change in length, per unit of length, in a linear dimension of
a body; a dimensionless quantity that maybe measured conveniently in Truck mixer: A concrete mixer suitable for mounting on a truck chassis
percent, in inches per inch, in millimeters per millimeters, but preferably and capable of mixing concrete in transit.
in millionths.
26 27
Section 2 : DEFINITIONS Section 3 : QUALITY CONTROL (GENERAL)
Tunnel: Horizontal or sloping underground enclosed way of some length 3.01 QUALITY POLICY
driven from underground surface to provide access. A. The Ports, Customs and Free Zone Corporation Quality Policy
Vibrator: An oscillating machine used to agitate fresh concrete so as to statement signed by the Chairman will be adopted for all
eliminate gross voids, including entrapped air but not entrained air, and Projects.
to produce intimate contact with form surfaces and embedded materials. B. The Project shall prepare a Statement of Commitment to the
VIBRO Compaction: Compaction of granular soil or filling by vibrating Ports, Customs and Free Zone Corporation Quality Policy that
a large tubular vibrator that is driven deep into the ground and withdrawn shall be signed by the Project Manager/Contractor Manager
upward. and Sub-Contractor Manager.
f. Anticipated inspection and test dates 2. Maintain specified quality in all areas of the Work including
g. Name and location of quarries and procedures for but not limited to:
work in quarries a. Design and construction of temporary structures
2. List other pertinent information as appropriate. b. Inspection
c. Testing
D. Submit inspection and test results, certificates of compliance, and
certified material test reports to the Employer Representative. d.
Packaging, shipping, handling and storage of
equipment and materials
E. Inspection and Test Plan e. Site construction activities
1. Submit to Employer Representative before commencement
of work. B. Establish procedures to prevent deficiencies from occurring.
2. No work covered by the inspection and test plan shall 1. Identify discrepancies when they do occur and then take
begin until the plan has been approved. corrective action.
2. Instruct workmen, sub-contractors, material suppliers,
F. Quality Control Procedures and Instructions and other personnel involved in the project on the correct
1. Submit to Employer Representative no later than 3 calendar procedures to follow.
days prior to using such procedures or instructions.
2. Do not begin work governed by Quality Control Procedures
until such procedures have been approved by the Employer C. Assign specific responsibility for implementing the quality
Representative. control program.
H. Inspection and Test Results E. Assist Employer Representative in auditing quality control
activities.
1. Materials delivered to the site shall be sampled and
tested as per requirements of project specification, local 1. Employer Representative’s audits may be either pre-
regulations and international standards; test results to be planned or random as warranted by general quality
submitted at least 7 calendar days prior to incorporating trends.
material into the work.
2. Report results to the Employer Representative indicating
F. Inspect and test all work under the Contract.
compliance or failure immediately upon receipt.
1. Maintain records of such inspections and tests.
2. Prepare and submit signed checklists for all work offered
3.03 GENERAL QUALITY CONTROL REQUIREMENTS for the approval of the Employer’s Representative.
A. Develop, implement and maintain a quality control program
consistent with the requirements of this Section.
G. Arrange for factory inspections and tests when required by the
1. Ensure equipment and material conform to applicable Contract Documents.
requirements of each section of the specifications.
30 31
Section 3 : QUALITY CONTROL (GENERAL) Section 3 : QUALITY CONTROL (GENERAL)
32 33
Section 3 : QUALITY CONTROL (GENERAL) Section 3 : QUALITY CONTROL (GENERAL)
3. Procedures for reviewing shop drawings, samples, B. Perform follow up inspections as necessary to ensure compliance
certificates, and other submittals necessary for contract with the contract documents.
compliance.
a. Include the names of all personnel authorized to sign C. Preparatory inspection shall include:
the submittals for the Contractor certifying that they 1. Review of the contract requirements
comply with the Contract requirements.
2. Review of approved shop drawings and submittal data.
4. Procedures used to ensure compliance with the Contract
Documents, as well as problem identification, reporting 3. Check availability of required control testing.
and resolution. 4. Ensure materials and equipment conform to approved
a. Include a copy of forms and reports used to document shop drawings and submittal data.
quality control operations.
5. Ensure the necessary preparatory work has been completed
b. Include a submittal status log listing required submittals and is of acceptable quality.
and action required by the Contractor and Employer
Representative or Project Manger. D. Perform an initial inspection as soon as a representative
5. A description of the services provided by outside segment of the particular item of Work has been completed.
organizations such as testing laboratories, architects, and 1. This inspection shall include the following:
consulting engineers.
a. Conduct scheduled tests.
6. A test and inspection schedule keyed to the construction
schedule and following the order of the Specification. 1. Results shall cite the Contract requirements, the test
or analytical procedures used, and the actual test
Indicate the following:
results.
a. Inspections and tests required.
2. State whether item tested or analyzed “conforms” or
b. Names of responsible personnel for each segment of “fails to conform”.
the Work.
3. Test reports shall be signed by the laboratory
c. Schedule for each inspection and test.
representative authorized to sign certified test
d. Acceptance criteria for any tests carried out. reports.
7. Document and submittal control procedures. 4. Immediately deliver all documents to the Employer
8. Procedures to identify and control use of items and Representative.
materials.
b. Examine quality of workmanship.
9. Sample forms to be used (Stop Work Order, NCR, etc.)
c. Check for omissions or dimensional errors.
10. A control chart for both production facilities and field
operation to provide a visual indication of whether a d. Approve or reject initial work.
process is under control.
11. Internal and External Audit Program for the duration of the E. Provide follow-up inspections as necessary.
project.
1. Include continued testing and examinations to ensure
continued compliance with the Contract requirements.
3.05 INSPECTION PROCEDURES F. Prepare and attach to the Inspection procedures copies of
A. As a minimum, inspect work before beginning each work checklists to be used to cover all aspects of the works.
segment and after completing a representative portion of the
work.
34 35
Section 3 : QUALITY CONTROL (GENERAL) Section 3 : QUALITY CONTROL (GENERAL)
3.06 INSPECTION AND TEST PLAN 1. Retain all quality related records for not less than ten years
A. Contractor shall develop an Inspection and Test Plan for from project completion.
each Specification Section and for the design/production/test 2. Protect all records from damage, deterioration, and loss.
processes for each item of manufactured equipment.
D. Contractor shall not change or alter approved submittals,
1. Identify the following: procedures, shop drawings or any other pertinent documentation
a. All required inspections and tests required by that without the Employer Representative’s written authorization.
Specification Section
E. Establish document registers to verify the approval status of
b. Required testing frequency ITPs, Method Statements and Drawings.
c. The accept/reject criteria
d. Records required to document compliance
3.08 IDENTIFICATION AND CONTROL OF ITEMS AND MATERIALS
e. Procedures or instruction to be used for control of each
activity A. Contractor shall establish control procedures to ensure that
g. Establish procedures to ensure that test results are items or materials accepted through shipping or receiving
submitted on time inspection are properly used and installed.
B. Provide sufficient detail to allow the Employer Representative B. Contractor shall identify all items and materials so that they are
and other agencies having jurisdictional authority over the work traceable throughout all inspections, test activities, and records.
to identify operations to be inspected by that organization (i.e. 1. For stored items, the identification method shall be
Ports, Customs & Free Zone Corporation - TRAKHEES - CED, consistent with the expected duration and type of storage.
Dubai Municipality, etc…).
1. Such operations shall not be bypassed by the Contractor, C. Contractor shall record equipment and material identifications
unless a written waiver is given by the witnessing and ensure that they are traceable to the location where they
organization. are incorporated into the work.
3.09 INSPECTIONS AND TESTS E. Provide the Employer Representative with not less than 24 hours
written notice of the occurrence of an assigned hold point.
A. Contractor shall use an approved material testing laboratory 1. Any hold point inspected by outside agencies shall require
for testing required by these specifications. a minimum of 14 days prior written notification.
1. An on-site approved independent laboratory accredited
by Dubai Central Lab (DCL) and staffed by qualified F. Submit inspection/test results to the Employer Representative
personnel shall be used. prior to incorporating the item(s) into the work.
a. Submit name and qualifications of independent testing 1. Report inspection/test failures to the Employer
laboratories to Employer Representative for approval Representative immediately upon receipt.
not less than 7 calendar days prior to the date the 2. Submit certificates of compliance 7 days prior to
laboratories are to be used. incorporating a product to the Works.
b. Once approved, dismissal and replacement of the
approved independent testing laboratory shall require G. Inspections and tests conducted by persons or agencies other
written authorization by the Employer Representative. than the Contractor shall not in any way relieve the Contractor
of his responsibility and obligation to meet all Specifications
B. All inspections, sampling and testing of materials shall be and referenced standards.
conducted in accordance with the specified standards.
H. Inspection and test records shall, as a minimum, identify the
1. Contractor shall have adequate QC personnel on site following:
during all production shift operations.
1. Name of items inspected/tested
2. Test procedures submitted for approval shall include the
following, as a minimum: 2. Quantity of items
a. Prerequisites for the given test 3. Inspection/test procedure reference
b. Required tools, equipment, and instrumentation 4. Date
c. Necessary environmental conditions 5. Name of inspector/tester
d. Acceptance criteria 6. Observations/comments
e. Data to be recorded 7. Specified requirements
f. Test results reporting forms 8. Acceptability
g. Identification of items tested 9. Deviations/non-conformances
10. Corrective action
C. Inspection work shall be performed by personnel designated
by the Contractor. 11. Evaluation of results
1. Such personnel shall not be the same as those performing 12. Signature of authorized evaluator
the work.
I. Inspection and Test Status
D. Approved procedures and instructions shall be “on hand” and used 1. Contractor shall clearly document and identify the
by inspection and test personnel at the time of inspection or test. inspections and test status of materials and equipment
1. All revisions shall be approved prior to being used to throughout construction.
inspect or test the work.
2. Identification may be by means of stamps, tags, or other
2. No deviations from approved work procedures and
control devices attached to, or accompanying, the material
instructions shall be allowed without written authorization
from the Employer Representative. or equipment.
38 39
Section 3 : QUALITY CONTROL (GENERAL) Section 3 : QUALITY CONTROL (GENERAL)
3. Develop a log of all measuring and test equipment and f. Description of non-conformance
record: g. Recommended and final disposition
a. Equipment description h. Date closed
b. Identification number i. QC Manager’s initials
c. Date of the last calibration j. Remarks, as applicable
d. Due date of the next calibration
D. Contractor’s QC personnel shall have the authority to stop that
portion of the work which does not comply with the Contract
requirements.
3.11 NON-CONFORMANCE MONITORING
A. Contractor shall develop a system to identify, document, control E. The dispositions for non-conforming items and materials shall
and process non-conforming material and equipment. be subject to approval by the Employer Representative.
1. A non-conformance exists when either material and
equipment, documentation, or construction do not comply F. Contractor shall clearly identify each non-conforming item with
with the requirements of the Contract Documents. a status tag or other distinguishing mark.
1. Establish procedures for installing, monitoring, and
2. The monitoring system shall apply to material and
equipment as well as documentation, installation and removing these status tags.
construction which fail to conform to the Contract 2. Identify personnel authorized to remove status tags.
Documents.
G. Corrective Actions
B. Contractor shall provide the Employer Representative with the 1. Contractor shall take prompt action to identify the causes
following information for each non-conformance:
of each non-conformance and the corrective action
1. Identification of non-conformance necessary to prevent recurrence.
2. Description of non-conformance a. The results of failure and discrepancy report summaries,
3. Evaluation of non-conformance to establish the cause supplier evaluations, and any other pertinent applicable
4. Recommended corrective action data shall be used for determining corrective action.
5. Date non-conformance was identified b. Information developed during construction, tests, and
6. Date corrective action was completed inspections that support the implementation of required
improvements and corrections shall be used to support
7. Description of final corrective action
the adequacy of corrective action taken.
8. Consultant’s Approval
40 41
Section 3 : QUALITY CONTROL (GENERAL) Section 3 : QUALITY CONTROL (GENERAL)
3.12 PERSONNEL QUALIFICATIONS C. Contractor shall perform regularly scheduled external audits
A. Contractor shall identify activities requiring qualified production, on his main Suppliers and Sub-Contractors to verify that their
inspection, and test personnel and establish their minimum quality control procedures ensure total compliance with the
competence level. specifications and referenced standards.
1. Schedule quality control audits not less than monthly.
B. Personnel inspecting and testing special operations (e.g., 2. Maintain records of audits of contractors and subcontractors
welding, brazing, etc.) shall have the experience, training, and as quality records and make them available to the
current certification commensurate with the scope, complexity, Employer Representative upon request.
or nature of the activity.
1. Such personnel shall be approved by the Employer 3. Provide the Employer Representative with access to the
Representative. audit records upon request.
4. Allow the Employer Representative to observe the
C. Contractor shall submit the following for all such production, Contractor’s audit upon request.
inspection and test personnel: 5. Provide the Employer Representative with a copy of the
1. Qualifications description audit report.
2. Orientation
3. Skill evaluation
3.14 EQUIPMENT/MATERIAL HANDLING AND STORAGE
4. Certification credentials
5. CED Accreditation A. Contractor shall be responsible for handling, storing and
preserving equipment and material from the time of receipt to
D. Contractor shall maintain records of personnel qualifications as the time of acceptance by the Employer.
quality records. B. Contractor’s storage and handling procedures shall be
designed to prevent damage, deterioration, distortion of shape
or dimension, loss, degradation, loss of identification, or
3.13 QUALITY CONTROL REPORTS/AUDITS substitution.
A. The Contractor’s Quality Control Manager shall provide a C. The handling procedures shall address the use, inspection
daily Quality Control Report to the Employer Representative. and maintenance of special devices such as crates, boxes,
This report shall be comprehensive and it should include all containers, dividers, slings, material handling and transportation
Q.C. activities on the project. equipment and other facilities.
D. Contractor shall identify equipment and material requiring
B. Contractor shall perform regularly scheduled internal audits to special handling or testing.
verify that his quality control procedures ensure total compliance
with the specifications and referenced standards.
1. Schedule quality control audits not less than monthly and 3.15 QUALITY CONTROL RECORDS
document findings in a report. A. Contractor shall develop a complete records index based on
2. Maintain records of internal audits as quality records and the requirements for document and data submittals in each
make them available to the Employer Representative upon Section of the Specifications.
request. 1. Indicate all quality control records, documentation,
3. Provide the Employer Representative with access to the submittals and data required by the Contract.
audit records upon request. 2. Supplement these records as necessary to monitor quality
4. Allow the Employer Representative to observe the throughout the project.
Contractor’s internal audit upon request. 3. The records identified in the index shall provide objective
evidence that quality control program activities conform to
5. Provide the Employer Representative with a copy of the the contract requirements.
audit report.
42 43
Section 3 : QUALITY CONTROL (GENERAL) Section 3 : QUALITY CONTROL (GENERAL)
a. Include evidence that required verifications have been 3.17 PROTECTION OF PROPERTY
performed A. Do not load or permit a structure to be loaded in a manner that
b. Establish the basis for key project decisions. will endanger the structure.
B. Authenticate all records. B. Do not subject Work or adjacent property to stresses or pressures
that will endanger it.
1. Only complete and properly authenticated documents
shall be maintained as records of material and equipment C. Existing Surfaces and Facilities:
quality.
1. Take positive action to protect existing surfaces and facilities
C. Quality records shall be indexed, filed and maintained in a from damage resulting from construction operations unless
manner that provides for timely retrieval; traceability, easy modifications to the surfaces or facilities are required as
identification and the latest status (acceptability) of equipment part of the Contract.
and material. 2. Protect paving, landscaping, and utility facilities from
damage caused by mobile and stationary equipment,
D. Protect Quality Control records from deterioration and including vehicles delivering materials to the project site.
damage.
3. Protect finished surfaces, including jambs and soffits of
E. As a minimum, records shall include: openings used as passageways through which materials
are handled, against possible damage resulting form the
1. Name of equipment/material inspected/ tested conduct of the work by trades.
2. Specification reference by section and paragraph (where
applicable) 4. Provide and maintain adequate protection for adjacent
structures.
3. Quantity of items
a. When required by law or for the safety of the Work;
4. Location and installation shore, brace, underpin, or otherwise protect those
5. Inspection/test procedure reference portions of adjacent structures that may be affected by
6. Date the Work.
7. Signature of inspector
D. Utilities
8. Observations/comments
1. Known utilities and related facilities are shown on the
drawings.
3.16 WORKMANSHIP a. Location of these facilities are not guaranteed, nor is
A. Comply with industry standards except when more restrictive there any guarantee that other utilities are not present.
tolerances or specified requirements indicate more rigid b. Unless otherwise specifically required, protect utilities
standards or more precise workmanship. and related facilities from damage and cause no
B. Perform work by persons qualified to produce workmanship of interruption of service.
the specified quality. 2. Establish and maintain direct contact with the Employer
C. Secure products in place with positive anchorage devices Representative or operator of each utility that may be
designed and sized to withstand stresses, vibration, and affected by the Work.
racking. a. Proceed with Work that may affect a utility only with
D. Comply with manufacturer’s published installation instructions the cooperation and approval of the Employer
in full detail, including each step in sequence. Representative or operator of the utility.
1. Should instructions conflict with Contract Documents, b. Immediately inform the Employer Representative of
request clarification from Employer Representative before any agreement with the utility operator concerning the
proceeding. Work under this Contract.
44 45
Section 3 : QUALITY CONTROL (GENERAL) Section 4 : RECOMMENDED PRACTICES BEFORE AND DURING CONCRETING
3. Verify the location of all utilities in the vicinity of the work This section provides brief guidance and recommendations for some
before commencing construction. activities if addressed will result in better quality control.
a. Submit a plan for performing the work to the Employer
Representative for approval. 4.01 FORMWORK
b. Include evidence of approval by the utility owner or • All forms should be perfectly cleaned
operator. • Release agent applied correctly
• Correct position
E. New Work
• Line and level
1. All finished surfaces shall be clean and un-marred upon
acceptance of the area. • Accuracy within tolerances
2. Do not permit traffic or material storage on finished • Verticality (plumb)
surfaces. • Correct angles for batters
a. Where some activity must take place on the finished • Finishing heights (mark off)
surface in order to perform the Work, provide and
maintain adequate protection. • Joints flush and tight
3. Provide and maintain adequate protection against the • Joints sealed as required
weather at all times so as to preserve Work, materials, • No nails protruding into the concrete
equipment, apparatus, and fixtures free from damage.
• Bracing
4. Do not use items of equipment that are intended to form
a part of the completed work as construction equipment
without specific approval from the Employer Representative
4.02 CONCRETE CONSOLIDATION
in each instance.
• Make sure you can see the concrete surface
• When inserting the poker, its head should be put in quickly and
3.18 QA/QC INDUCTION TRAINING allowed to penetrate to the bottom of the layer as quickly as
A. Prepare and carry out QA/QC Induction Training for all QC possible under its own weight. If done slowly, the top layer will
staff, Engineers, Inspectors and Foreperson on the project QC be compacted first, making it more difficult for the entrapped
plan, procedures, Inspection and Test Plan, method statements air in the lower part of the layer to escape to the surface.
and checklists to be used during the construction of the • The head should be inserted vertically. This minimizes the voids
project. created by inserting the head, and allows air bubbles to rise up
B. Prepare and carry out QA/QC Induction Training for all Sub- unimpeded by a sloping vibrator.
Contractors staff as noted in A. • The poker should be left in the concrete for about 10 seconds,
and withdrawn slowly.
• The poker should not touch the form face.
• The poker should extend 100mm into any previous layer.
• The maximum depth of the new layer equals the vibrator head
length minus 100mm. If the depth of concrete is greater, then
the new part will not be fully compacted.
• It should be noted that where finish is important, extra vibration
can reduce the number of blowholes.
46 47
Section 4 : RECOMMENDED PRACTICES BEFORE AND DURING CONCRETING Section 4 : RECOMMENDED PRACTICES BEFORE AND DURING CONCRETING
48 49
Section 4 : RECOMMENDED PRACTICES BEFORE AND DURING CONCRETING Section 4 : RECOMMENDED PRACTICES BEFORE AND DURING CONCRETING
7. Water curing should start immediately after finishing and 4.05 MASS CONCRETE
it should be continuous as per specified period of curing. A. Definition
8. Temperature of concrete should be as per specified limit. According to the American Concrete Institute, mass concrete
9. For mass concrete a method statement should be given is defined as “any volume of concrete with dimensions large
addressing the logistical and technical issues (Refer to enough to require that measures be taken to cope with
section 4.05). generation of heat from hydration of the cement and attendant
volume change to minimize cracking”. Concrete Society Digest
D. Testing
No. 2 defines mass concrete as “a pour of sufficient size to
1. An approved trained technician should perform all tests. demand special attention to be given to logistical and technical
2. Leaving the samples of fresh concrete exposed to sun, considerations such as: concrete supply; casting sequence;
wind or dry air is not acceptable. cold joints; plastic settlement; and heat of hydration”. While
the definition is somewhat vague, it is intentionally vague
3. Samples of fresh concrete shall be provided with because the concrete mix design, the dimensions, the type of
an impervious cover, cured and stored in a shaded the placement, and the curing methods all affect whether or
environment (temperature of shaded environment should not cracking will occur.
be as per relevant standards). Record temperature using
maximum minimum thermometer. B. Temperature Control
4. Prevent moisture loss of samples during transportation All concrete generates heat as it cures. The heat is caused by
by wrapping them in plastic wet burlap. Be sure to avoid the hydration of the cementitious materials. The majority of the
excessive rough handling during transportation to the heat generation occurs in the first few days after placement.
laboratory. For thin items such as pavements, heat dissipates almost as
quickly as it is generated. For thicker concrete sections (mass
concrete), heat dissipates more slowly than it is generated.
Management of these temperatures is necessary to prevent
damage, minimize delays and meet project specifications.
Maximum allowable concrete temperatures and temperature
differences are often specified to ensure that proper planning
occurs prior to concrete placement.
Other reasons include reducing cooling time and associated
delays, and minimizing the potential for cracking due to
thermal expansion and contraction.
A maximum allowable concrete temperature difference should
be specified always to minimize the potential for thermal
cracking. This temperature difference is the difference between
the temperature at the hottest portion of the concrete and that
at the surface. Thermal cracking will occur when contraction
due to cooling at the surface causes tensile stresses that exceed
the tensile strength of the concrete.
Several options are available to predict maximum concrete strength, earlier demoulding and faster use of elements and
temperatures. structures.
The elimination of vibrating equipment improves the environment
D. Methods of Temperature Control
on and near construction and precast sites where concrete is
Methods of controlling mass concrete temperatures range from being placed, reducing the exposure of workers to noise and
relatively simple to complex and from inexpensive to costly. vibration. The improved construction practice and performance,
Depending on a particular situation, it may be advantageous combined with the health and safety benefits, make SCC a very
to use one or more methods over another. Thermal controls attractive solution for both precast concrete and civil engineering
used currently include optimal concrete mix design, insulation, construction.
concrete cooling before placement, concrete cooling after
placement, and the use of smaller placements.
A. Relevant standards:
References: The specification, performance and conformity requirements for
structural concrete are given in EN 206-1. However, in the case
1. ACI 207.1R, “Mass Concrete”, American Concrete of SCC some properties in the fresh state exceed the limits and
Institute classes provided in this standard. None of the test methods in
2. Concrete Society Digest No. 2, “Mass Concrete”, Concrete the current EN 12350 series ‘Testing fresh concrete’ are suitable
Society for assessment of the key properties of fresh SCC. Appropriate
test methods for SCC are given in Annex B of the The European
3. PCA, “Design and Control of Concrete Mixtures”, Portland Guidelines for Self-Compacting Concrete and it is envisaged that
Cement Association the EN 12350 series will be extended to cover these test methods.
4. CIRIA Report 135, “Concreting Deep Lifts and Large
Volume Pours”, Construction Industry Research and B. Properties of Self Compacting Concrete:
Information Association The filling ability and stability of self-compacting concrete in
5. BS 8110-2, “Structural Use of Concrete – Code of Practice the fresh state can be defined by four key characteristics. Each
for Special Circumstances” characteristic can be addressed by one or more test methods:
6. Professional Development Series, “Engineering Mass
Concrete Structures”. Characteristic Preferred test method(s)
52 53
Section 4 : RECOMMENDED PRACTICES BEFORE AND DURING CONCRETING Section 4 : RECOMMENDED PRACTICES BEFORE AND DURING CONCRETING
Test Method Test Procedure Class Specification Limit iii) L-Box Test
SF1 550-650 mm The L-Box test is used to assess the passing ability of self-
European Guideline for compacting concrete to flow through tight openings including
Slump Flow SF2 660-750 mm
Self-Compacting Concrete spaces between reinforcing bars and other obstructions without
SF3 760-850 mm
segregation or blocking. There are two variations; the two bar
European Guideline for VS1 ≤2 sec
T 500, cm test and the three bar test. The three bar test simulates more
Self-Compacting Concrete VS2 >2 sec congested reinforcement.
450
225
150
hinged
trapdoor
65
54 55
Section 4 : RECOMMENDED PRACTICES BEFORE AND DURING CONCRETING Section 4 : RECOMMENDED PRACTICES BEFORE AND DURING CONCRETING
56 57
Section 5 : SCHEDULE OF TESTS AND INSPECTIONS
BS 1881-102,
Slump Initially and every 15 minutes
EN 12350-2
European Guidelines
Slump Flow (2) Each grade
for SCC
European Guidelines
T-500 cm Slump Flow (2) Each grade
for SCC
European Guidelines
V-Funnel(2) Each grade
for SCC
V-Funnel at T5 European Guidelines
Each grade
minutes(2) for SCC
European Guidelines
L-Box (h2/h1)(2) Each grade
for SCC
European Guidelines
J-Ring(2) Each grade
for SCC
Fresh Concrete Density BS 1881-107, EN
Each grade
& Yield 12350-6, ASTM C 138
BS 1881-106,
Air Content Each grade
EN 12350-7
Setting Time of
ASTM C 403 Each grade
Concrete
BS 1881-116, At 7 and 28 days for each
Compressive Strength
EN 12390-3 grade
Tensile/Flexural At 7 and 28 days for grades
EN 12390-5&6
Strength where flexural govern
Each grade of structural
Drying Shrinkage ASTM C 596
concrete
58 59
SECTION 5 : SCHEDULE OF TESTS AND INSPECTIONS SECTION 5 : SCHEDULE OF TESTS AND INSPECTIONS
ACI 311.5: Guide for concrete plant inspection and testing of 2. Intermediate Structures: A set
BS 1881-116, One set every 50m3 or consists of
ready-mixed concrete Compressive Strength
EN 12390-3 fraction thereof at least 6
ACI 304R: Guide for measuring, mixing, transporting and 3. Mass Concrete (rafts…):
cubes
placing concrete One set every 100m3 for
ASTM C94/C94M: Standard Specification for Ready Mixed pours less than 2000m3
Concrete One set every 150m3 for
pours greater than 2000m3
The European Guidelines for Self Compacting Concrete
Tensile/Flexural Strength EN 12390-5&6 At 7 & 28 days for grades where flexural govern
Biweekly for each grade of structural concrete:
1. The overall variation class of operation
for general construction testing shall be
Evaluation of Strength ACI 214, at least “Good”.
Test Results of Concrete ACI 363.2R
2. The within-test variation class of
operation for field control testing shall
be at least “Very Good”.
Visual Examination of Project
At the request of the Engineer
Aggregates (by washing) Specifications
60 61
SECTION 5 : SCHEDULE OF TESTS AND INSPECTIONS SECTION 5 : SCHEDULE OF TESTS AND INSPECTIONS
Initial Surface
BS 1881-208 As per project specifications
Absorption Test
Notes:
1. A strength test is the average strength of concrete specimens sampled from the same
batch or load.
2. A load is the quantity of concrete transported in a vehicle comprising one or more
batches.
3. A batch is the quantity of fresh concrete produced in one cycle of operations of a mixer
Unsatisfactory failures can be caused by:
or the quantity discharged during one minute from a continuous mixer. 1. Insufficient attention to testing procedures:
4. Follow the recommendations of ACI 305R during hot weather. o sampling and making of specimen
5. Follow the recommendations of the following codes/standards: o storing and transportation of specimen
ACI 311.5: Guide for concrete plant inspection and testing of ready-mixed concrete
o specimen condition (flatness, perpendicularity, straightness)
o specimen preparation
ACI 304R: Guide for measuring, mixing, transporting and placing concrete
o specimen positioning in the testing machine (centering)
ASTM C94/C94M: Standard Specification for Ready Mixed Concrete
o loading and loading rate
6. Each load shall be accompanied by a computer controlled non simulated printout listing
all the information related to the mix. 2. A fault with the testing machine.
7. Each truck mixer/agitator, when it arrives at site, shall have its water container full. If that For cylindrical specimens, failure of the capping before the concrete is
container is not full or field test results are outside the specified limits, the load shall be unsatisfactory failure.
rejected.
8. Additional testing will be conducted at the request of the Engineer and/or Authority
9. Contract Specifications are to be implemented if more or other tests are required.
62 63
SECTION 5 : SCHEDULE OF TESTS AND INSPECTIONS SECTION 5 : SCHEDULE OF TESTS AND INSPECTIONS
B. Test Methods and Procedures The laboratory shall maintain a system of records that permits
verification of any issued report. The records shall include:
a. The site testing laboratory shall be capable of performing the
required tests as per standard methods, guides or practices. a. Standard operating procedures
b. The laboratory shall use the latest version of each referenced b. Calibration certificates of the equipment and instruments
method within one year of its publication unless an earlier used
version of the standard is required by the client. c. Records on laboratory personnel that document work
c. Laboratory personnel shall have convenient access to applicable experience, competency and certification
standards. d. Current standard test methods
All testing reports shall include the information required
and stated by the pertinent standards and test methods.
C. Facilities, Equipment and Supplemental Procedures All testing reports shall state the acceptance criteria of the test
a. The laboratory shall have facilities and equipment conforming being carried out as well as a statement on whether the test
to the requirements of the applicable test methods. results passed or failed.
b. All equipment and instruments shall be verified and calibrated
before being placed in service and at the frequency set by the
pertinent standards and local regulations.
c. All balances and scales shall be calibrated annually or whenever
accuracy is in doubt.
Schedule of Tests and Inspections 2. Additional testing will be conducted at the request of the Engineer
and/or Authority.
DESIGNATION NORMATIVE DOCUMENT FREQUENCY / NOTES
3. Contract Specifications are to be implemented if more or other
A Composition/Selection Coarse Aggregate Fine Aggregate
tests are required.
Grading EN 933-1, BS 812-103
Soundness (MgSO4) - 5
ASTM C 88 Every two months
cycles
Potential Reactivity of
ASTM C 289, C 227 Every six months
Aggregates
Aggregate Drying
EN 1367-4 Every six months
Shrinkage
BS 812-111, EN
10% Fines Value (TFV) Every two months
1097-2
66 67
SECTION 5 : SCHEDULE OF TESTS AND INSPECTIONS SECTION 5 : SCHEDULE OF TESTS AND INSPECTIONS
DESIGNATION NORMATIVE DOCUMENT FREQUENCY / NOTES DESIGNATION NORMATIVE DOCUMENT FREQUENCY / NOTES
A Composition/Selection Cement EN 197, ASTM C 150 Initially and every three months
Chlorides (Cl) ASTM D 512 GGBS BS 6699, ASTM C 989 Initially and every one month
Sulfates (SO4) ASTM D 516 Pozzolanic Fly ash BS EN 450S Initially and every three months
Initially, every It shall comply
Alkali Carbonates and three with the
ASTM D 513 Silica Fume ASTM C 1240 Initially and every three months
Bicarbonates months, and requirements of
whenever ASTM C1602 /
Liquid Admixtures ASTM C 494, C 260, C 1017 Initially and every three months
Total Dissolved Ions ASTM D 1888 source changes EN 1008
68 69
SECTION 5 : SCHEDULE OF TESTS AND INSPECTIONS SECTION 5 : SCHEDULE OF TESTS AND INSPECTIONS
70 71
SECTION 5 : SCHEDULE OF TESTS AND INSPECTIONS SECTION 5 : SCHEDULE OF TESTS AND INSPECTIONS
Notes:
1. Design should be in accordance with BS 8110: Part 1:1997 or
Concrete Society Report No. 43 (TR 43).
2. Anchorage for post tensioning system shall comply with the minimum
performance requirement of BS EN 13391.
3. Pre bagged non shrink material to be used for post tensioning
grout.
4. For grouting equipment and procedures BS EN 446 shall be followed.
5. For grout specification BS EN 447 shall be followed.
72 73
SECTION 5 : SCHEDULE OF TESTS AND INSPECTIONS SECTION 5 : SCHEDULE OF TESTS AND INSPECTIONS
Limit Limit LL
Limits
SL PL 3. Follow the recommendations of the manuals published by “PCI,
Plasticity Index - PI
Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute”.
Shrinkage Volume Constant Volume Decreasing
74 75
SECTION 5 : SCHEDULE OF TESTS AND INSPECTIONS SECTION 5 : SCHEDULE OF TESTS AND INSPECTIONS
Notes:
1. Additional testing will be conducted at the request of the Engineer
and/or Authority.
2. Contract Specifications are to be implemented if more or other tests
are required.
3. Works and Material shall conform to Dubai Municipality and
International Standards.
76 77
SECTION 5 : SCHEDULE OF TESTS AND INSPECTIONS SECTION 5 : SCHEDULE OF TESTS AND INSPECTIONS
AUTOCLAVED AERATED CONCRETE BLOCKS NORMAL WEIGHT CONCRETE POLYSTYRENE SANDWICH BLOCKS
Schedule of Tests and Inspections Schedule of Tests and Inspections
NORMATIVE DESIGNATION NORMATIVE FREQUENCY NOTES
DESIGNATION FREQUENCY NOTES
DOCUMENT DOCUMENT
A Composition/Selection A Composition/Selection
AAC Blocks Dimensions and Compressive
Strength
Dimensions and Compressive
Strength Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Conductivity and Dry
Density DMS 1: Every 20,000 Chloride and Sulfate Content
Part 3:2005 blocks DMS 1: Every 20,000
Part 5 : 2004 blocks
Chloride and Sulfate Content Apparent Density
Project
Notes: Sand BS EN 13139
Specifications
1. Additional testing will be conducted at the request of the Engineer As directed by Project
Accessories Project Specification
and/or Authority. the Engineer Specifications
2. Contract Specifications are to be implemented if more or other tests
are required. Notes:
3. Works and Material shall conform to Dubai Municipality and 1. Additional testing will be conducted at the request of the Engineer
International Standards. and/or Authority.
2. Contract Specifications are to be implemented if more or other tests
are required.
3. Works and Material shall conform to Dubai Municipality and
International Standards.
78 79
SECTION 5 : SCHEDULE OF TESTS AND INSPECTIONS SECTION 5 : SCHEDULE OF TESTS AND INSPECTIONS
LIGHT WEIGHT MASONRY UNITS CLAY MASONRY BLOCKS WITH POLYSTYRENE INSERT
Schedule of Tests and Inspections Schedule of Tests and Inspections
DESIGNATION NORMATIVE FREQUENCY NOTES DESIGNATION NORMATIVE DOCUMENT FREQUENCY NOTES
DOCUMENT
A Composition/Selection
A Composition/Selection
Dimensions and Compressive
Dimensions and Compressive Strength
Strength
Thermal Conductivity of Block
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Conductivity of
Every 20,000 Thermal Insulation
Gross Density DMS 1:Part 2: 2004
blocks
Every 20,000
Density of Thermal Insulation DMS 17: 2004
blocks
Chloride and Sulfate Content
Water Absorption
Drying Shrinkage
Notes: Accessories
As directed by
Project Specifications
the Engineer
1. Additional testing will be conducted at the request of the Engineer
and/or Authority. Notes:
2. Contract Specifications are to be implemented if more or other tests 1. Additional testing will be conducted at the request of the Engineer
are required. and/or Authority.
3. Works and Material shall conform to Dubai Municipality and 2. Contract Specifications are to be implemented if more or other tests
International Standards. are required.
3. Works and Material shall conform to Dubai Municipality and
International Standards.
80 81
SECTION 5 : SCHEDULE OF TESTS AND INSPECTIONS SECTION 5 : SCHEDULE OF TESTS AND INSPECTIONS
As directed
Water BS 3148 Project Water Vapour Permeance
by the
Specifications
Engineer
Ready Mix Rendering Dimensional Stability
BS 4721
Material
Bagged Rendering Oxygen Index
BS 5262
Material
82 83
SECTION 5 : SCHEDULE OF TESTS AND INSPECTIONS SECTION 6 : QC FORMS
84 85
SECTION 6 : QC FORMS SECTION 6 : QC FORMS
FIELD MEMORANDUM
Consultant/Project Manager
Project : ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
NCR Report No. : _________________________________
Date : ______________________________________
Location : ______________________________________
Category : ______________________________________
Rejected/
Project : ____________________________________________________________________________________
Date
Client : _____________________________________________ Memo No.: __________________________
Project Manager : _____________________________________________ Date : __________________________
Consultant : _____________________________________________
Contractor : _____________________________________________ Subject : __________________________
Accepted/
Sub-Contractor : _____________________________________________ __________________________
Date
Description:
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Returned
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Date
STATUS OF NON-CONFORMANCE REPORTS
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Contractor
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Received
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Date
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Issued by: ______________________ Signature: ___________________________
Project Manager : ________________________________________________________
Contractor : ________________________________________________________
Sub-Contractor : ________________________________________________________
Contractor/Sub-contractor’s Response:
Client : ________________________________________________________
Consultant : ________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Description
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Name: ___________________ Position: ___________________ Signature: _______________ Date: ______________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
NCR Ref.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
No.
86 87
SECTION 6 : QC FORMS SECTION 6 : QC FORMS
Client : _____________________________________________ MIR No. : ______________________ Client : _____________________________________________ Ref. No. : ______________________
Project Manager : _____________________________________________ Transmittal Ref. : ______________________ Project Manager : _____________________________________________ Date : ______________________
88 89
90
INSPECTION & TEST PLAN (ITP)
Project : ________________________________________________________
Client : ________________________________________________________ Sub-Contractor : _____________________________________________
Project Manager : ________________________________________________________
Consultant : ________________________________________________________ ITP Ref No. : _____________________________________________
Contractor : ________________________________________________________ Date : _____________________________________________
SECTION 6 : QC FORMS
Project :________________________________________________________
Client : ________________________________________________________ Ref No. : ________________________________________
Project Manager : ________________________________________________________ Date : ________________________________________
Consultant : ________________________________________________________ Ambient Temp. : ________________________________________
SECTION 6 : QC FORMS
Cubes Sampled by: Lab Technician Name: ___________________ Signature: ___________________ Date : ________________
Pouring supervised by: Lab Technician Name: ___________________ Signature: ___________________ Date : ________________
Lab Technician Name: ___________________ Signature: ___________________ Date : ________________
91
SECTION 6 : QC FORMS SECTION 6 : QC FORMS
PILE RECORD
INSPECTION RECORD FOR STRUCTURAL REPAIRS Project : ___________________________________________________________________________________________
Client : _____________________________________________ Insp. No. : _____________________________
Project : ____________________________________________________________________________________ Project Manager : _____________________________________________ Date : _____________________________
Client : _____________________________________________ Insp. No. : __________________________ Consultant : _____________________________________________
Project Manager : _____________________________________________ Date : __________________________ Contractor : _____________________________________________
Sub-Contractor : _____________________________________________
Consultant : _____________________________________________
Contractor : _____________________________________________ Location : __________________________ D E TA I L S
Sub-Contractor : _____________________________________________ Element : __________________________ Drawing Ref. No. X-axis
Coordinates
Pile No. Y-axis
Investigation Report Pile Type Start
Reference Documents (Specifications, Drawings, other…): Boring Dates
Pile Diameter End
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Platform Level Concreting Date Start
Pile Cut-off Level & Time End
Nature of Defect:
____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Pile Base Level Theoretical
Volume
____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Nature of Soil Actual
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
INSPECTION & CHECKLIST
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
ACTIVITIES & ITEMS TO BE SUB- MAIN
____________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONSULTANT ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
INSPECTED CONTRACTOR CONTRACTOR
Date Checked Repaired NCR Date Completed As per approved drawings, project
1 Layout and survey pile location
specs, and relevant standards
Yes No Yes No
Length of casing and verticality,
2 Casing installed
Material Used: plumbness are within tolerance
Description: ________________________________________________________________________________________ 3
Depth of water encountered
Measure and record depth of water
____________________________________________________________________________________________________ during boring
____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Cleaning of borehole; depth of Check and measure level of pile base
4
Material Approval No.: _____________________________________________________________________________ borehole completed according to designed pile depth
5 Drilling Fluid tested As per specifications/method statement
Comments: Installation of cage reinforcement Check diameter, spacing, spacers mill
____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6
(epoxy coated) scales removed, rust touch-up
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Installation of tremie pipe for Length of tremie pipe, cleanliness water
____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7
concreting operations tightness, hopper clearance
INTRODUCTION
The attached checklists are developed for major activities on site. For
each inspection the inspection request (IR) will be filled and the relevant
checklist after inspection and filing will be attached with “IR” for final
inspection by the consultant representative on site. In case the work
is not complying with specs/drawings/QC document, then it will be
highlighted on the relevant checklist during inspection of the works by
the Inspector/site engineer and will be submitted along with the relevant
“IR” in QA/QC department when work is rectified and recorded on the
checklist by the Inspector/site engineer as “rectified”.
94 95
SECTION 7 : QC CHECKLISTS SECTION 7 : QC CHECKLISTS
Verified by: MEP Co-ordinator (MEP services only) 9 Specified starter bars/other provisions for structures connected to pile cap as per drawings ___________________
Name: _____________________ Signature: _________________ Date: ______________ 10 Levels checked ___________________
Approved by: Project / QC Manager 11 Reinforcement placed as per drawings and schedules ___________________
Name: _____________________ Signature: _________________ Date: ______________ 12 MEP installations completed and clearance obtained ___________________
13 Formwork is checked for grout leak, dimensions, alignment supports and cleanliness etc. ___________________
Remarks:
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 14 Check chamfers and adjust forms as per drawings and Specifications ___________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 15 Consultant inspection completed and approved for casting ___________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 16 Authority (CED) approval obtained prior to casting ___________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Remarks:
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Checked by:
Civil Works
Name: _____________________ Position: ___________________ Signature: _________________ Date: ______________
MEP Works
Name: _____________________ Position: ___________________ Signature: _________________ Date: ______________
96 97
SECTION 7 : QC CHECKLISTS SECTION 7 : QC CHECKLISTS
Reference Documents (Specifications, Drawings, others…): Reference Documents (Specifications, Drawings, others…):
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1 Preliminary test pile completed & approved ___________________ 1 All materials comply with project specifications ___________________
2 All materials in accordance to approved material submittals ___________________ 2 All materials in the tie beams are according to approved material submittals ___________________
3 PCC cast after achieving required compaction ___________________ 3 Masonry solid blocks for the periphery are complete ___________________
4 Waterproofing, if any completed ___________________ 4 Top of tie beam level established and cross- checked ___________________
5 Form work for footings and strap beams, if any, is checked for dimensions 5 Form work checked for alignment, depth, width and supports; release agent applied ___________________
firmness, supports and cleanliness, grout leakage.. Release agent applied ___________________ 6 Reinforcement placed as per drawings & specifications ___________________
6 Reinforcement placed as per drawings & specifications ___________________ 7 Necessary gate level achieved ___________________
7 Dowels for slab, columns, stair cases, walls placed as per specs ___________________ 8 Floating columns and main columns, walls, stair cases etc., reinforcement
8 Alignment & orientation checked against grids ___________________ placed as per drawings & specifications ___________________
9 Cover blocks/ spacers placed as per specifications ___________________ 9 Chamfers to concrete edges are provided as per drawings/ specifications ___________________
10 Chamfers required at edges are as per drawings/ specifications ___________________ 10. MEP works completed and clearance obtained ___________________
11 Setbacks with references to demarcation points checked ___________________ 11 Inspection from survey department (if any), and consultant complete and
approved for concreting ___________________
12 MEP works completed and clearance obtained ___________________
12 Authority (CED) approval obtained prior to casting ___________________
13 Consultant inspection completed and approved for casting ___________________
14 Authority (CED) approval obtained prior to casting ___________________ Remarks:
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Remarks: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Checked by:
Civil Works
Checked by:
Name: _____________________ Position: ___________________ Signature: _________________ Date: ______________
Civil Works
MEP Works
Name: _____________________ Position: ___________________ Signature: _________________ Date: ______________
Name: _____________________ Position: ___________________ Signature: _________________ Date: ______________
MEP Works
Name: _____________________ Position: ___________________ Signature: _________________ Date: ______________
98 99
SECTION 7 : QC CHECKLISTS SECTION 7 : QC CHECKLISTS
Reference Documents (Specifications, Drawings, others…): Reference Documents (Specifications, Drawings, others…):
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Activity/Item: Y/N Activity/Item: Y/N
1 Levels checked and recorded ___________________ 1 Reinforcement placed as per drawings and specifications ___________________
2 Compaction of ground/ formation and test passed ___________________ 2 Formwork checked for grout leakages, dimensions, alignment and proper
3 Blindings/EPDM, bitumen impregnated fibre board etc… completed as specified & approved ___________________ supports with respect to approved drawings ___________________
4 Construction joints in the slab are as per drawing, method statement and 3 All openings for inlets & outlets checked as per drawings ___________________
approved by consultant ___________________ 4 Verticality of the formwork checked and within tolerance ___________________
5 Necessary MEP, drainage etc. works completed ___________________ 5 Construction joints are well prepared/no laitance ___________________
6 Reinforcement placed as per drawings/ specs ___________________ 6 Starter bars from footing/slab/walls are cleaned ___________________
7 Starter bars, if any, are checked as per drawings ___________________ 7 Cover blocks/ spacers placed adequately and firm ___________________
8 Form work checked for alignment, supports, sleeves, finish, level, step up/down etc. ___________________ 8 The kicker location checked before closing forms ___________________
9 Thickening of slab (haunching), if any, for partition wall completed ___________________ 9 Reinforcement clean and overlap as per drawings/ specs ___________________
10 Type of finish required is agreed on/ approved ___________________ 10. MEP works completed and clearance obtained ___________________
11 Approval for casting obtained from consultant ___________________ 11 Formwork in good condition and leak proof for slurry ___________________
12 Authority (CED) approval obtained prior to casting ___________________ 12 Approval for casting obtained from consultant ___________________
Remarks: Remarks:
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
100 101
SECTION 7 : QC CHECKLISTS SECTION 7 : QC CHECKLISTS
Reference Documents (Specifications, Drawings, others…): Reference Documents (Specifications, Drawings, others…):
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Activity/Item: Y/N Activity/Item: Y/N
1 Layout, mentioning size, shape, height of casting and spacing of columns prepared ___________________ 1 All the materials (Concrete, reinforcement steel, Hourdi Blocks etc.)
2 Special formwork, if any, in the columns provided ___________________ comply with the project specifications ___________________
3 Approval of MEP works, if any, in the columns taken ___________________ 2 All the materials are approved by the consultant ___________________
4 Reinforcement placed as per drawings/ specifications ___________________ 3 All supports, jacks, props, and cross braces fixed are as per specs & to the consultant’s approval ___________________
5 Tie rods, if any, fixed to consultant’s approval ___________________ 4 Floor levels checked and maintained as in drawings ___________________
6 Approval for reinforcement prior to closing of formwork ___________________ 5 Shuttering/Form work properly checked for alignment and firmness ___________________
7 Form work checked for firmness, plumb and supports as per approved shop dwg ___________________ 6 Supports of formwork as per approved shop drawings ___________________
8 Check type of finish required and the forms accordingly ___________________ 7 All the necessary ducts, openings, concrete stops considered ___________________
9 Cover to reinforcement is satisfactory. Spacer blocks adequately placed ___________________ 8 Release agent applied to formwork/shuttering ___________________
10 Starter bars are cleaned and overlap satisfactory ___________________ 9 Reinforcement placed as per drawings and specifications ___________________
11 Laitance at construction joints removed and joint cleaned ___________________ 10 All required dowels for shafts, parapets, columns etc.. are placed ___________________
12 Approval from consultant to proceed with casting ___________________ 11. MEP works completed and clearance obtained ___________________
12 Shuttering/ formwork sufficiently wet prior to casting. ___________________
Remarks: 13 Necessary sleeves & conduits installed prior to casting ___________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 14 Necessary approval from consultant taken prior to pouring ___________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
15 Authority (CED) approval obtained prior to pouring ___________________
Checked by:
Remarks:
Civil Works ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Name: _____________________ Position: ___________________ Signature: _________________ Date: ______________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
MEP Works
Name: _____________________ Position: ___________________ Signature: _________________ Date: ______________ Checked by:
Civil Works
Name: _____________________ Position: ___________________ Signature: _________________ Date: ______________
MEP Works
Name: _____________________ Position: ___________________ Signature: _________________ Date: ______________
102 103
SECTION 7 : QC CHECKLISTS SECTION 7 : QC CHECKLISTS
Reference Documents (Specifications, Drawings, others…): Reference Documents (Specifications, Drawings, others…):
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Activity/Item: Y/N Material to be used : ________________________________________________________________________________
Material Approval Number : ________________________________________________________________________________
1 All the materials (Concrete, reinforcement steel, etc.)
comply with the project specifications ___________________ Activity/Item: Y/N
2 All the materials are approved by the consultant ___________________ 1 All materials are complying with the project specifications ___________________
3 All supports, jacks, props, and cross brackets are fixed as per specs & to the consultant’s approval ___________________ 2 All materials are approved by Consultant ___________________
4 Levels checked and maintained as in drawings ___________________ 3 Surface preparations are completed and approved ___________________
5 Form work checked for alignment, firmness, leakages and cleanliness. 4 Services entries are prepared as required for waterproofing ___________________
Formwork/false work supports as per approved shop drawings ___________________
5 Primer applied and dried completely ___________________
6 All the necessary ducts, openings, concrete stops considered ___________________
6 Filleting of internal angles completed ___________________
7 Release agent applied to formwork/shuttering ___________________
7 Water proofing membrane installed according to method statement ___________________
8 Reinforcement placed as per drawings and specifications ___________________
8 Junction with service openings is as required ___________________
9 Openings for manholes considered ___________________
9 Water proofing of pile caps completed ___________________
10. MEP works completed and clearance obtained ___________________
10 Protection board, screed installed after approval ___________________
11 All required dowels for shafts, parapets, columns etc.. are placed ___________________
11 Approval obtained for backfilling from consultant ___________________
12 Type of finishes required are checked ___________________
12 MEP work coordinated prior to placing of water proofing ___________________
13 Necessary approval from consultant taken prior to pouring ___________________
13 Necessary approval from consultant taken prior to pouring ___________________
14 Authority (CED) approval obtained prior to pouring ___________________
Remarks:
Remarks: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Checked by:
Name: _____________________ Position: ___________________ Signature: _________________ Date: ______________ Civil Works
Name: _____________________ Position: ___________________ Signature: _________________ Date: ______________
MEP Works
Name: _____________________ Position: ___________________ Signature: _________________ Date: ______________ MEP Works
Name: _____________________ Position: ___________________ Signature: _________________ Date: ______________
104 105
SECTION 7 : QC CHECKLISTS SECTION 7 : QC CHECKLISTS
Checked by: 14 Approval obtained from consultant to proceed with works ___________________
Civil Works
Remarks:
Name: _____________________ Position: ___________________ Signature: _________________ Date: ______________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
MEP Works ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Name: _____________________ Position: ___________________ Signature: _________________ Date: ______________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Checked by:
Civil Works
Name: _____________________ Position: ___________________ Signature: _________________ Date: ______________
MEP Works
Name: _____________________ Position: ___________________ Signature: _________________ Date: ______________
106 107
SECTION 7 : QC CHECKLISTS SECTION 7 : QC CHECKLISTS
MEP Works
Name: _____________________ Position: ___________________ Signature: _________________ Date: ______________
108 109
SECTION 7 : QC CHECKLISTS SECTION 7 : QC CHECKLISTS
Reference Documents (Specifications, Drawings, others…): Reference Documents (Specifications, Drawings, others…):
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Activity/Item: Y/N
Activity/Item: Y/N
1 All materials comply with project specifications ___________________
1 All materials are complying with the project specifications ___________________
2 Method statements and water proofing system is approved by Consultant ___________________
2 All materials and method statements are approved by Consultant ___________________
3 Bottom slab levels are established considering the varying water levels ___________________
3 Layout of tiling prepared and approved ___________________
4 Water proofing is completed as specified and approved. ___________________
4. MEP works completed and clearance obtained ___________________
5 MEP works are completed as specified ___________________
6 All reinforcement, shutters and sleeves completed and approved ___________________
Floor
5 Water proofing checked and approved ___________________
7 Level of concrete established ___________________
6 Surface is free of oil ___________________
8 Plastering of Walls completed with approved waterproofing ___________________
7 Datum points are established under the supervision of site engineer ___________________
9 Ceramic tiles for deck completed with required slopes ___________________
8 All anchors, inserts are installed prior to tiling ___________________
10 Testing completed and approved, results recorded. ___________________
9 Tiles are immersed in water prior to placing ___________________
11 Necessary approval taken from consultant. ___________________
10 Spacers are used to assure uniform spacing between tiles ___________________
12 Authority (CED) approval obtained prior to pouring ___________________
11 Temperature for installations is as specified ___________________
Remarks:
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Wall
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 12 Mortar consumed before initial set ___________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
13 Mortar is applied properly to avoid any hollowness beneath ___________________
Checked by: 14 Grout lines of wall tile match with that of floor tiles ___________________
Civil Works
Remarks:
Name: _____________________ Position: ___________________ Signature: _________________ Date: ______________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
MEP Works ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Name: _____________________ Position: ___________________ Signature: _________________ Date: ______________
Checked by:
Civil Works
Name: _____________________ Position: ___________________ Signature: _________________ Date: ______________
MEP Works
Name: _____________________ Position: ___________________ Signature: _________________ Date: ______________
110 111
SECTION 7 : QC CHECKLISTS SECTION 7 : QC CHECKLISTS
Reference Documents (Specifications, Drawings, others…): Reference Documents (Specifications, Drawings, others…):
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Activity/Item: Y/N Activity/Item: Y/N
1 All materials comply with the project specifications ___________________ 1 All materials comply with project specifications ___________________
2 All materials and Method Statement approved ___________________ 2 All materials and samples are approved by the Consultant ___________________
2 All the concerned MEP works are complete ___________________ 3 All the openings for doors & windows are as per the measurement forwarded for fabrication ___________________
3 FLOORING 4 All units received from the workshop have “QC passed” tag ___________________
a. Levels / Datum established ___________________ 5 Plaster works completed and approved ___________________
b. Workface of tiles, pattern etc. considered ___________________ 6 All gaps are properly sealed ___________________
c. Compact mortar ensured below the tiles ___________________ 7 Drainage (if applicable) is provided for bottom members ___________________
d. Mortar consumed before initial set ___________________
8 All the fittings are in good conditions ___________________
e. Grouting if any, completed to approvals ___________________
9. MEP works completed and clearance obtained ___________________
f. Protection coat applied to approval ___________________
10. Testing is complete and approved. ___________________
g. Protection of tiles against damage ensured ___________________
11. Necessary approval taken from consultant. ___________________
4 CLADDING
Remarks:
a. Line level and verticality checked and established ___________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
b. Approved metal clamps are securely fixed in position ___________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
c. Work face and patterns as specified ___________________
d. Protective coat (if any) applied ___________________ Checked by:
Civil Works
Remarks:
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Name: _____________________ Position: ___________________ Signature: _________________ Date: ______________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MEP Works
Name: _____________________ Position: ___________________ Signature: _________________ Date: ______________
Checked by:
Civil Works
Name: _____________________ Position: ___________________ Signature: _________________ Date: ______________
MEP Works
Name: _____________________ Position: ___________________ Signature: _________________ Date: ______________
112 113
SECTION 7 : QC CHECKLISTS SECTION 7 : QC CHECKLISTS
Remarks:
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Checked by:
Civil Works
Name: _____________________ Position: ___________________ Signature: _________________ Date: ______________
116 117
SECTION 7 : QC CHECKLISTS SECTION 8 : STRUCTURAL INSPECTION GUIDELINES
B) MEP
1 MEP services above false ceiling have been completed in all respects ___________________
2 Pressure tests for all piping services completed. ___________________
3 Final adjustments of heights for services completed. ___________________
4 All the nuts of thread rods have been tightened ___________________
5 Cut edges of thread rods have been painted with galvanization paint. ___________________
6 All services have been cleaned and painted ___________________
7 Drawings are updated to AS Built Status ___________________
8 Identification of Services completed ( i.e. direction arrows etc.) ___________________
Remarks:
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Checked by:
Civil Works
Name: _____________________ Position: ___________________ Signature: _________________ Date: ______________
MEP Works
Name: _____________________ Position: ___________________ Signature: _________________ Date: ______________
118 119
Section 8 : DATA FOR DETAILING REINFORCEMENT Section 8 : DATA FOR DETAILING REINFORCEMENT
In order to produce clear and simple construction drawing details, the with construction details and with respect to concrete thickness &
Engineer has to study all the approved drawings, project specifications, reinforcement spacing.
method of construction and all other documents related to the project. The Note: In PTP slap the min cover of reinforcement not less than
detailed drawings shall be consistent and site friendly. For instance, the 30mm
following parameters shall be considered while producing the construction
drawings: 4.3 Fire resistance:
1. Reinforcement Concrete is a material with a considerable fire resistance rating.
2. Reinforcement cover The efficiency of resisting fire is a function of member thickness and
3. Fire Resistance concrete cover. The cover is mainly determines the fire resistance
4. Mix design of concrete (w/c, constancy of concrete) period for various element in a building.
120 121
Section 8 : GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Section 8 : GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
a) Concrete Pouring is permitted only upon formal inspection approval o) Working Area shall be reinstated to initial condition and no surplus
from Trakhees CED Engineer for all Structural Elements as listed in the shall be left at site.
Circular 59000.
p) All concrete work should be as per approved mix design issued from
b) Consultant & Contractor shall be fully responsible for any mistake in PCFC Trakhees – CED.
design, execution or safety until the project is completed.
q) Any damage to existing services (Asphalt, Pavement, Utilities, etc.)
c) All required tests to be approved by the Consultant before submitting due to construction shall be reinstated by the Contractor to its original
to CED Engineer. condition at his own cost.
d) Size of Drawing print outs at site should allow easy reading and r) Concrete mix design Approval should be obtained from CED prior to
checking for details to avoid any delays in inspection process. construction activities.
e) Consultant, Contractor & Sub-contractor (if applicable) involved in s) Concrete trial mix results (plant and lab + site lab approval) to be
supervision or execution of structural elements should be accredited submitted along with inspection request.
as per Authority requirements (circular 107060/2013/DA) and should
t) EHS certificates (COC1, COC2 & COC3) should be available at site
be present during the Inspection.
during inspection time as per Trakhees – EHS regulations.
f) Consultant, Contractor & Sub-contractor (if applicable) should possess
u) NOC Approval shall be obtained from all relevant Authorities for all
a valid Dubai Trade License with qualified activity as per the works to
infrastructure works which may directly / indirectly involve or affect
be executed.
DM/ DEWA/ DU/ Etisalat / RTA.
g) Structural Inspection Record should be available at site for each
v) All works shall comply with CED & EHS Drawings and required
structural inspection visit by CED Engineer.
regulations before submitting for inspection.
h) Complete Structural Inspection Record should be submitted along with
w) Demolishing Work Approval (NOC) to be obtained from CED /EHS
request for Completion Certificate.
prior to commencement of any related works.
i) In case of a change to Consultant / Contractor, all previous documents
x) In retaining walls and deep beams, one side of formwork shall be left
and records should be transferred to the new parties after consent of
open after the completion of reinforcement to enable easy inspection
CED.
by CED engineers.
j) Safety arrangement to be approved by concerned Authority.
k) Structural Inspection Approval will expire within 2 weeks if the works
are not done at site and in such an event; a re-inspection is to be
requested for the specific element.
l) Before requesting for Structural Inspection, the structural element shall
be confirmed and checked by the Consultant / Contractor to ensure
compliance with Approved Drawings, QC requirements and best
engineering practices.
m) Structural Inspections shall not be accepted / processed unless the
specific drawing (sketch) of the requested structural element is attached
along with the request for structural inspection.
n) Approved demarcation certificate should be available at site prior to
commencement of works and at prior to starting ground floor level
works.
122 123
Section 8 : CHECK LISTS (Documentations & site observation) Section 8 : CHECK LISTS (Documentations & site observation)
124 125
Section 8 : CHECK LISTS (Documentations & site observation) Section 8 : CHECK LISTS (Documentations & site observation)
Remarks
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
128 129
Section 8 : CHECK LISTS (Documentations & site observation) Section 8 : CHECK LISTS (Documentations & site observation)
134 135
Section 8 : CHECK LISTS (Documentations & site observation) Section 8 : CHECK LISTS (Documentations & site observation)
Consultant Stamp & Signature Contractor Stamp & Signature Consultant Stamp & Signature Contractor Stamp & Signature
Rev. 00 Jul 2016 Rev. 00 Jul 2016
136 137
Section 8 : CHECK LISTS (Documentations & site observation) Section 8 : CHECK LISTS (Documentations & site observation)
Consultant Stamp & Signature Contractor Stamp & Signature Rev. 00 Jul 2016
140 141
Section 8 : CHECK LISTS (Documentations & site observation) Section 8 : CHECK LISTS (Documentations & site observation)
Rev. 00 Jul 2016 Consultant Stamp & Signature Contractor Stamp & Signature
Rev. 00 Jul 2016
142 143
Section 8 : CHECK LISTS (Documentations & site observation) Section 8 : CHECK LISTS (Documentations & site observation)
148 149
Section 8 : CHECK LISTS (Documentations & site observation) Section 8 : CHECK LISTS (Documentations & site observation)
CED-CP-006 CP-F-005z
11. PT positions should be marked on formwork ________
12. Opening size more than 600mm x 600 mm (approval from CED has to be obtained prior to execution) ________ STRUCTURAL WORKS CHECKLIST FOR PIPES & MANHOLE
13. Low and High point locations (in compliance with A.D) ________ Submission Ref: Inspection Date:
14. Coordination Between PT and MEP Services/Conduits ________ Applicant Information
15. Grouting and venting pipes (as per A.D & Code Requirements) ________ Consultant Name e-mail
16. Tendons to have smooth profiles and sharp deviations to be avoided. ________ Accredited Engineer Name Mobile No.
17. Dead and Live End details are in compliance with A.D ________ Contractor Name e-mail
18. Bar diameter for Chairs should not be less than 8mm (Chairs - for fixing Tendon Duct to required profile) ________ Accredited Engineer Name Mobile No.
19. Details of PT couplers are in compliance with A.D ________ Project Information
20. Anti-bursting reinforcement (as per A.D) ________ CED Permit/NOC Ref. No. Plot No.
21. Edge reinforcement for protection of unstressed areas around PT Tendons to be as per A.D ________ Structural Works Inspection for Pipes & Manhole
22. PT Profiles & spacing for Beams are in compliance with A.D ________ DOCUMENTATION Y/N
23. Details of Reinforcement for Floor Pan Box (as per A.D) ________ 1. CED NOC Approval ________
24. Pour Strip location and size (as per A.D) ________ 2. Affection Plan ________
25. Main Reinforcement (diameter and spacing as per A.D) ________ 3. Demarcation Certificate/Bench Mark (Approved from relevant Authority/Business Unit) ________
26. Secondary Reinforcement (diameter and spacing as per A.D) ________ 4. Valid Consultant License ________
27. Additional Reinforcement (diameter and spacing as per A.D) ________ 5. Valid contractor License (Valid License of nominated specialist sub-contractor) ________
28. Punching Shear Reinforcement (as per A.D) ________ 6. Approved Drawing from CED. ________
29. Curtailment of reinforcement as per A.D ________ 7. Approved Concrete mix design from CED. ________
30. Cantilever Projection Reinforcement (as per A.D) ________ 8. CED inspection record. ________
31. Anchorage length of reinforcement (as per A.D) ________ 9. Shop drawing approved by consultant (Based on AD from CED) ________
32. Reinforcement Around Openings - (no. of bars, diameter and spacing as per A.D) ________ 10. Steel Reinforcement Test Certificate ( By Third Party) ________
33. Slab & Beam connections to Supports. (as per A.D) ________ 11. Trial mix result approved by consultant. ________
34. Pour Strip Reinforcement & location ________ 12. In case shoring work is required / inspection should be submitted as per shoring procedure inspection. ________
35. Main Reinforcement for beams ________ 13. NOC from DEWA Power / Water. ________
36. Shear Reinforcement for beams (as per A.D) ________ 14. NOC from Telecommunication provider in the area / empower ________
37. Shrinkage Reinforcement for beams. (as per A.D) ________ 15. Pipe & Fitting factory test certificate approved by consultant ________
38. Deep Transfer Beams Main and Secondary Reinforcement (as per A.D) ________ SITE OBSERVATIONS Y/N
39. Side Reinforcement for Deep Beams as per approved drawings ________ 1. Pipes should be supplied and erected (installed) as well with all joint rings, gaskets, washers, bolts, nuts and
40. Torsion Reinforcement as per approved drawings ________ any other components necessary for the complete installation as per AD & specification. ________
41. Detailing of all reinforcement (to be according to ACI, BS) as per CED Regulations. ________ 2. Supporting & anchoring arrangement for pipe should be as per AD. ________
42. Reinforcement Cover to be as per A.D and according to Code Requirements ________ 3. Pipes alignment and connection should be as per AD. ________
43. Lap Length and location to be as per A.D and according to Code Requirements ________ 4. Manholes & Chambers shape, size, dimensions, materials, as well as respects to details should be as per AD. ________
44. Construction Joint location and detailing ________ 5. Pipes invert level should be as per AD. ________
Remarks 6. Manhole cover reduce level should be as per AD. ________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Manhole cover should be heavy duty type as per project specification. ________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. All benching & channel shall be formed with concrete or other materials specified @ drawing and project
specifications ________
Consultant Stamp & Signature Contractor Stamp & Signature 9. Manhole wall thickness should be as per AD and should be smooth as per project specifications. ________
Rev. 00 August 2016 10. Pipes entering / leaving manholes / chamber and other special structure shall be as per AD ________
11. Road gullies location & details should be as per AD. ________
12. Connection pipe size between gull & manholes should be as per AD. ________
13. Back-drop should be as per AD. ________
Remarks
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
154 155
Section 8 : REFERENCES: Appendix I : Relevant ASTM Standards
* The two digits after the dash denote the year of publication; ‘a’ denotes a
1. BS 8110 structural us of concrete Part (1) Code of practice for design & construction. revision in the year of publication; a date in brackets indicates the year in which
the standards was last reapproved without change.
2. ACI 315 Build Code Requirement for Structural Concrete.
A. Cement
3. BS 6349 – (1-7) Code of Practice Maritime Structures.
C91-01 Spec. for Masonry Cement
4. Maritime Structure BS 6349 (1-7) C109-01 Test for compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars
(Using 2-in. or 50-mm Cube Specimens).
5. BS 4466 Building Dimension and Scheduling of reinforcement for Concrete.
C115-96a Test for Fineness of Portland Cement by the turbid meter
6. BS 6100 Glossary of Building and Civil Engineering Terms. C150-0 Spec. for Portland cement
7. National Structural Concrete Specification for building construction. C151-00 Test for Autoclave Expansion of Portland cement
C186-98 Test for Heat of Hydration of Hydraulic Cement
8. Marina’s small craft Harbor Regulation & Design Guidelines (CED – TRAKHEES).
C191-01a Test for Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cement by Vicat Needle
C204-00 Test for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by Air Permeability
Apparatus
C230-98 Spec. for Flow Table for Use in Tests of Hydraulic Cement
C243-85 (1989) Test for Building of Cement Pastes and Mortars (discontinued)
C266-99 Test for Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cement Paste by Gillmore
Needles
C430-96 Test for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by the 45µ (No. 325)
Sieve
C452-95 Test for Potential Expansion of Portland Cement Mortars
Exposed to Sulfate
C595-02 Spec. for Blended Hydraulic Cements
C845-96 Spec. for Expansive Hydraulic Cement
C917-98 Test for Evaluation of Cement Strength Uniformity from a
Single Source
C989-99 Spec. for Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag for Use in
Concrete and Mortars
C1012-95a Test for Length Change of Hydraulic Cement Mortars Exposed
to a Sulfate Solution
C1157-00a Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement
C1240-01 Spec. for Silica Fume for Use as a Mineral Admixture in
Hydraulic- Cement Concrete, Mortar, and Grout
C 979-99 Spec. for Pigments for Integrally Colored Concrete
C 1017-98 Spec. for Chemical Admixtures for Use in Producing Flowing
Concrete
156 157
Appendix I : Relevant ASTM Standards Appendix I : Relevant ASTM Standards
B. Admixtures C 586-99 Test for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Carbonate Rocks for
C 260-01 Spec. for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete Concrete Aggregate (Rock Cylinder Method)
C 311-00 Tests for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans C 682-94 Evaluation of Frost Resistance of Coarse Aggregates in Air-
for Use as a Mineral Admixture in Portland-Cement Concrete Entrained Concrete by Critical Dilation Procedures
C 494-99a Spec. for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete C 1105-95 Test for Length Change of Concrete Due to Alkali-Carbonate
Rock Reaction
C 618-01 Spec. for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan
for Use as a Mineral Admixture in Portland Cement Concrete C 1137-97 Test for Degradation of fine Aggregate Due to Attrition
E11-87 Spec. for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Purposes
C. Aggregate
C 29-97 Test for Bulk Density (Unit Weight) and Voids in Aggregate D. Concrete
C 33-01a Spec. for Concrete Aggregate C 31-00 Marking and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Filed
C 40-99 Test for Organic Impurities in Fine Aggregate for Concrete C 39-01 Test for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete
Specimens
C 70-94 (2001) Test for Surface Moisture in Fine Aggregate
C 42-99 Test for Obtaining and Testing Drilled Cores and Sawed
C 87-83 (1995) Test for Effect of Organic Impurities in Fine Aggregate on Beams of Concrete
Strength of Mortar
C 78-00 Test for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam
C 88-99a Test for Soundness of Aggregate by Use of Sodium Sulfate or with third-Point Loading)
Magnesium Sulfate
C 94-00 Spec. for Ready-Mixed Concrete
C 117-95 Test for Materials Finer than 75 µ (No.200) Sieve in Mineral
Aggregate by Washing C 116-90 Test for Compressive Strength of Concrete Using Portions of
Beams Broken in flexure (discontinued)
C123-98 Test for Lightweight Particles in Aggregate
C125-00a Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
C 131-01 Test for Resistance to Degradation of Small- Size Coarse
Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the Los Angeles C 138-01a Test for Density (Unit Weight), Yield, and Air Content
Machine (Gravimetric) of Concrete
C 227-97a Test for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Cement – Aggregate C 143-00 Test for Slump of Hydraulic Cement Concrete
Combinations (Mortar-Bar Method)
C289-01 Test for Potential Alkali- Silica Reactivity of Aggregate C 156-98 Test for Water Retention by Concrete Curing Materials
(Chemical Method)
C 157-99 Test for Length Change of Hardened Hydraulic-Cement
C 294-98 Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Natural Mineral Mortar and Concrete
Aggregate
C 171-97a Spec. for Sheet Materials for Curing Concrete
C 295-98 Guide for Petrographic Examination of Aggregate for Concrete
C 173-01 Test for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric
C 330-00 Spec. for Lightweight Aggregate for Structural Concrete Method
C 331-01 Spec. for Lightweight Aggregate for Concrete Masonry Units C 192-00 Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the
C 332-99 Spec. for Lightweight Aggregate for Insulating Concrete Laboratory
C 441-97 Test for Effectiveness of Mineral Admixtures of Grounds Blast- C 215-97 Test for Fundamental Transverse, Longitudinal and Torsional
Furnace Slag in Preventing Excessive Expansion of Concrete Frequencies of Concrete Specimens
Due to the Alkali –Silica Reaction C 231-97 Test for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pressure
C 566-97 Test for Total Evaporable Moisture Content of Aggregate by Method
Drying C 232-99 Test for Bleeding of Concrete
158 159
Appendix I : Relevant ASTM Standards Appendix I : Relevant ASTM Standards
C 293-00 Test for Flexural Strength of concrete (Using Simple Beams C 873-99 Test for Compressive Strength of Concrete Cylinders Cast in
with Center-Point Loading) Place in Cylindrical Moulds
C 309-98a Spec. for Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for Curing C 878-95a Test for Restrained Expansion of Shrinkage-Compensating
Concrete Concrete
C 403-99 Test Time of Setting of Concrete Mixtures by Penetration C 900-01 Test for Pullout Strength of Hardened Concrete
Resistance C 918-97 Test for Developing Early-Age Compression Test Values and
C 418-98 Test for Abrasion Resistance of Concrete by Sandblasting Projecting Later-Age Strength
C 457-98 Test for Microscopical Determination of Parameters of the Air- C 944-99 Test for Abrasion Resistance of Concrete or Mortar Surfaces by
Void System in Hardened Concrete the Rotating-Cutter Method
C 469-94 Test for Static Modulus of Elasticity and Poisson’s Ratio of C 1038-01 Test for Expansion of Portland Cement Bars Stored in Water
Concrete in Compression C 1074-98 Estimating Concrete Strength by the Maturity Method
C 170-98 Spec. for Molds for Forming Concrete Test Cylinders C 1084-97 Test for Portland-Cement Content of Hardened Hydraulic-
Vertically Cement Concrete
C 196-96 Test for Splitting Tensile Strength of Cylindrical Concrete C 1138-97 Test for Abrasion Resistance of Concrete (Underwater
Specimens Method)
C 512-87 (1994) Test for Creep of Concrete in Compression C 1150-96 Test for the Break-Off Number of Concrete
C 531-00 Standard Test Method for Linear Shrinkage and Coefficient C 1152-97 Test for Acid-Soluble Chloride in Mortar and Concrete
of Thermal Expansion of Chemical-Resistant Mortars, Grouts,
and Monolithic Surfacings C 1202-97 Test for Electrical Indication of Concrete’s Ability to Resist
Chloride Ion Penetration
C 567-00 Test for Unit Weight of Structural Lightweight Concrete
C 597-97 Test for Pulse Velocity through Concrete
C 617-98 Capping Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
C 642-97 Test for Specific Gravity, Absorption, and Voids in Hardened
Concrete
C 666-97 Test for Resistance of Concrete to Rapid Freezing and
Thawing
C 671-94 Test for Critical Dilation of concrete Specimens Subjected to
Freezing
C 672-98 Test for Scaling Resistance of concrete Surfaces Exposed to
Deicing Chemicals
C 684-99 Making, Accelerated Curing, and Testing of Concrete
Compression Test Specimens
C 685-01 Spec. for Concrete Made by Volumetric Batching and
Continuous Mixing
C 779-00 Test for Abrasion Resistance of Horizontal concrete Surfaces
C 803-97 Test for Penetration Resistance of Hardened Concrete
C 805-97 Test for Rebound Number of Hardened Concrete
C 856-95 Petrographic Examination of Hardened Concrete
160 161
Appendix II : Relevant European and British Standards
A. Cement
BS EN 196-1:1995 Methods of testing cement: Determination of
strength
BS EN 196-2:1995 Methods of testing cement: Chemical analysis of
cement
BS EN 196-3:1995 Methods of testing cement: Determination of setting
time and soundness
BS EN 196-5:1995 Methods of testing cement: Pozzolanicity test for
Pozzolanic cement
BS EN 196-6:1992 Methods of testing cement: Determination of
fineness
BS EN 196-7:1992 Methods of testing cement: Taking and preparing
sample
BS EN 196-21:1992 Determination of the chloride, carbon dioxide and
alkali content of cement
BS EN 197-1 2000 Cement-composition, specifications and conformity
criteria: Common cements
BS EN 197-2 2000 Cement - conformity evaluation
BS EN 450:1995 Fly ash for concrete - Definitions, requirements and
quality control
BS EN 12878:1999 Pigments for the colouring of building materials based
on cement and/or lime. Specifications and methods
of test
BS 12:1996 Spec. for Portland cement
BS 146:1996 Spec. for Portland-blast furnace cement
BS 915-2:1972(1983) Spec. for high alumina cement
BS 1370:1979 Spec. for low heat Portland cement
BS 3892:1:1997 Spec. for pulverized-fuel ash for use with Portland
cement
BS 4027:1996 Spec. for sulphate-resisting Portland cement
BS 4246:1996 Spec. for high slag blast furnace cement
BS 4248:1974 Spec. for super sulphated cement
BS 4550:3:1978 Methods of testing cement: physical tests
162 163
Appendix II : Relevant European and British Standards Appendix II : Relevant European and British Standards
BS 4550:3.4:1978 Strength tests BS EN 933-2: 1996 Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates.
BS 4550:3.8:1978 Test for heat of hydration Determination of particle size distribution. Test sieves,
nominal size of apertures
BS 6610:1996 Spec. for pozzzlanic pulverized-fuel ash cement
BS EN 933-3: 1997 Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates.
BS 6588:1996 Spec. for Portland pulverized-fuel ash cement Determination of particle shape. Flakiness index
BS 6699:1992 (1998) Spec. for ground granulated blast furnace slag for BS EN 933-4: 2000 Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates.
use with Portland cement Determination of particle shape. Shape index
BS EN 933-5: 1998 Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates.
B. Admixtures Determination of percentage of crushed and broken
surfaces in coarse aggregate particles
BS EN 480:1997 Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout. Test BS EN 933-6: 2001 Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates.
methods Assessment of surface characteristics. Flow coefficient
BS EN 4934-2:2001 Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout. Concrete of aggregates
admixtures BS EN 933-7: 1998 Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates.
Definitions, requirements, conformity, marking and Determination of shell content. Percentage of shells
labelling in coarse aggregates
BS EN 934-4:2001 Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout. Admixtures BS EN 933-8: 1999 Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates.
for prestressing tendons. Definitions, requirements, Assessment of fines. Sand equivalent test
conformity, marking and labelling BS EN 933-9: 1999 Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates.
BS EN 934-6:2001 Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout. Sampling, Assessment of fines.
conformity control and accelerating admixtures Methylene blue test
BS 5075:1: 1982 Spec. for accelerating admixtures, retarding BS EN 933-10: 2001 Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates.
admixtures and water reducing admixtures Assessment of fines.
BS 5075:2: 1982 Spec. for air-entraining admixtures Grading of fillers (air-jet sieving)
BS 5075:3: 1982 Spec. for super plasticizing admixtures BS EN 1097-1: 1996 Test for mechanical and physical properties of
aggregates. Determination of the resistance to wear
C. Aggregate (micro-Deval)
BS EN 1097-2: 1998 Test for mechanical and physical properties of
BS EN 932-1:1997 Tests for general properties of aggregates. Methods aggregates. Methods for the determination of
for sampling resistance to fragmentation
BS EN 932-2:1999 Tests for general properties of aggregates. Methods BS EN 1097-3: 1998 Test for mechanical and physical properties of
for reducing laboratory samples aggregates. Determination of loose bulk density and
BS EN 932-3:1997 Tests for general properties of aggregates. Procedure voids
and terminology for simplified petrographic description BS EN 1097-4: 1999 Test for mechanical and physical properties of
BS EN 932-5:2000 Tests for general properties of aggregates. Common aggregates. Determination of the voids of dry
equipment and calibration compacted filler
BS EN 932-6: 1999 Tests for general properties of aggregates. Definitions BS EN 1097-5: 1999 Test for mechanical and physical properties of
of repeatability and reproducibility aggregates. Determination of the water content by
drying in a ventilated oven
BS EN 933-1: 1997 Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates.
Determination of particle size distribution. Sieving BS EN 1097-6: 2000 Test for mechanical and physical properties of
method aggregates. Determination of particle density and
water absorption
164 165
Appendix II : Relevant European and British Standards Appendix II : Relevant European and British Standards
BS EN 1097-7: 1999 Test for mechanical and physical properties of BS 812:112:1990 (2000) Method for determination of aggregates impact value
aggregates. Determination of particle density of filler. (AIV)
Pyknometer method BS 812:113:1990 (2000) Method for determination of aggregates abrasion
BS EN 1097-8: 2000 Test for mechanical and physical properties of value (AAV)
aggregates. Determination of the polished stone BS 812:117:1988 (2000) Method for determination of water-soluble chloride
value salts
BS EN 1097-9: 1998 Test for mechanical and physical properties of BS 812:118:1988 (2000) Method for determination of sulphate content
aggregates. Determination of the resistance to wear
by abrasion from studded tyres. Nordic test BS 812:121:1989 (2000) Method for determination of soundness
BS EN 1367-1:2000 Test for thermal and weathering properties of BS 812:123:1999 (2000) Method for determination of alkali-silica reactivity.
aggregates. Determination of resistance to freezing Concrete prism method
and thawing BS 812:124:1989 (2000) Method for determination of frost heave
BS EN 1367-2:1998 Test for thermal and weathering properties of BS 882:1992 Spec. for aggregates from natural sources for
aggregates. Magnesium sulphate test concrete
BS EN 1367-3:2001 Test for thermal and weathering properties of BS 3797: 1990 (1996) Spec. for lightweight aggregates for masonry units
aggregates. Boiling test for Sonnenboard basalt and structural concrete
BS EN 1367-4:1998 Test for thermal and weathering properties of
aggregates. Determination of drying shrinkage
D. Concrete
ISO 565-1990* Test sieves: metal wire cloth, perforated metal plate
and electroformed sheet: nominal sizes of openings BS EN 206-1:2000 Concrete. Specification, performance, production
and Conformity
ISO 6274-1982* Concrete: sieve analysis of aggregates
BS EN 678:1994 Determination of the dry density of autoclaved
BS 410-1-1986 (2000) Spec. for test sieve of metal wire cloth aerated Concrete
BS 410-2-1986 (2000) Spec. for test sieve of perforated metal plate BS EN 679:1994 Determination of the compressive strength of
BS 812:2:1995 Methods for determination of physical properties autoclaved aerated concrete
BS 812:101:1994 (2000) Guide to sampling BS EN 680:1994 Determination of the drying shrinkage of autoclaved
aerated concrete
BS 812:102:1989 Methods for sampling
BS EN 12350-1:2000 Testing fresh concrete. Sampling
BS 812:103.1:1985 (2000) Sieve tests
BS EN 12350-2:2000 Testing fresh concrete. Slump test
BS 812:103.2:1989 (2000) Sedimentation test
BS EN 12350-3:2000 Testing fresh concrete. Vebe test
BS 812:104:1994 (2000) Method for qualitative and quantitative petrographic
examination of aggregates BS EN 12350-4:2000 Testing fresh concrete. Degree of compactability
BS 812:105.1:1989 (2000) Flakiness index BS EN 12350-5:2000 Testing fresh concrete. Flow table test
BS 812:105.2:1990 (2000) Elongation index of coarse aggregate BS EN 12350-6:2000 Testing fresh concrete. Density
BS 812:106:1985 (2000) Method for determination of shell content in coarse BS EN 12350-7:2000 Testing fresh concrete. Air contents. Pressure
aggregates Methods
BS 812:109:1990 (2000) Method for determination of moisture content BS EN 12504-1:2000 Testing concrete in structures. Cored specimens.
BS 812:110:1990 (2000) Method for determination of aggregates crushing Taking, examining and testing in compression
value (ACV) BS EN 12504-2:2001 Testing concrete in structures. Non-destructive testing.
BS 812:111:1990 (2000) Method for determination of ten per cent fines value Determination of rebound number
(TFV) BS 1305: 1974 Spec. for batch type concrete mixers (obsolescent)
166 167
Appendix II : Relevant European and British Standards Appendix II : Relevant European and British Standards
BS 1881: 5: 1970 Methods of testing hardened concrete for other than BS 1881: 208: 1996 Recommendations for the determination of the initial
strength surface absorption of concrete
BS 1881: 102: 1983 Method for determination of slump BS 1881: 209: 1990 Recommendations for measurement of dynamic
BS 1881: 103: 1993 Method for determination of compacting factor modulus of elasticity
BS 1881: 104: 1983 Method for determination of Vebe time BS 3148: 1980 Test for water for making concrete (including notes on
the suitability of the water)
BS 1881: 105: 1984 Method for determination of flow
BS 6089: 1981 Guide to assessment of concrete strength in existing
BS 1881: 106: 1983 Method for determination of air content of fresh structures
concrete
BS 7542: 1992 Test for curing compounds for concrete
BS 1881: 108: 1983 Method for making test cubes from fresh concrete
BS 8007: 1987 Code of practice for design of concrete structures for
BS 1881: 110: 1983 Method for making test cylinders from fresh concrete retaining aqueous liquids
BS 1881: 111: 1983 Method of normal curing of test specimens (200C BS 8110: 1: 1997 Structural use of concrete: code of practice for design
method) and construction
BS 1881: 112: 1983 Methods of accelerated curing of test cubes BS 8550-1:2002 Concrete. Complementary British Standard to BS EN
BS 1881: 113: 1983 Method for marking and curing no-fines test cubes 206-1. Method of specifying and guidance for the
specifier
BS 1881: 115: 1986 Spec. for compression testing machines for concrete
BS 8550-2:2002 Concrete. Complementary British Standard to BS EN
BS 1881: 116: 1983 Method for determination of compressive strength of 206-1. Specification for constituent materials and
concrete cubes concrete.
BS 1881: 117: 1983 Method for determination of tensile splitting strength
BS 1881: 118: 1983 Method for determination of flexural strength
BS 1881: 119: 1983 Method for determination of compressive strength using
portions of beams broken in flexure (equivalent cube
method)
BS 1881: 121: 1983 Method for determination of static modulus of
elasticity in compression
BS 1881: 122: 1983 Method for determination of water absorption
BS 1881: 124: 1988 Method for analysis of hardened concrete
BS 1881: 127: 1990 Method for verifying the performance of a concrete
cube compression machine using the comparative
cube test
BS 1881: 128: 1997 Method of analysis of fresh concrete
BS 1881: 131: 1998 Method of using cement in a reference concrete
BS 1881: 201: 1986 Guide to the use of non-destructive methods of test
for hardened concrete
BS 1881: 203: 1986 Recommendations for measurement of velocity of
ultrasonic pulses in concrete
BS 1881: 207: 1992 Recommendations for the assessment of concrete
strength by near-to-surface tests
168 169