Computer Architecture

Course Information
• Instructor: Arslan Tariq
• Email: arslantariq.fast@gmail.com
• Course information and updates will be
posted on Google Classroom
— Schedule
— News and announcements
— Lecture Slides
— Assignments
— etc.
• Google Classroom is 6tzpjg1
• Using Gmail account
Course Content
• Introduction to C.A
• Computer Evolution and Performance
• Computer Interconnection Structures
• Internal Memory
• External Memory
• Input/output
• Operating Systems Support
• Computer Arithmetic
• Instruction Sets
Course Content
• CPU Structure and Function
• Reduced Instruction Set Computers
• Superscalar Processors
• Control Unit Operation
• Microprogrammed Control
• Multiprocessors and Vector Processing
• Digital Logic
Textbooks
• Computer Organization and Architecture,
Designing for
Performance
— By Walliam Stalling
— 8th edition
Grading Scheme
• Midterm 30%
• Sessional 30%
• Final 40%

• Students must achieve an overall mark of

at least 80% in order to pass the course
William Stallings
Computer Organization
and Architecture
8th Edition

Chapter 1
Introduction
Why Study Architecture?
• you want to be a computer scientist
• it makes you a better programmer
• How to increase performance
• it's fun to learn how things work
• you may need to buy a computer
someday
Aspects of Design

User Applications
Everything
Influences Language Subsystem Utilities
everything Compiler OS
Instruction Set Architecture S/W

Hardware Organization H/W

Memo
CPU I/O Coprocessor
ry

Implementation
Power Packaging
VLSI Logic Coolin
COMM
g
Objectives of CA
• High performance
• Low cost
• Ease of integration
• Reliability
• Fault tolerant
Architecture & Organization 1
• Architecture is those attributes visible to
the programmer
— Instruction set, number of bits used for data
representation, I/O mechanisms, addressing
techniques.
• Organization is how features are
implemented
— Control signals, interfaces, memory
technology.
Architecture & Organization 2
• All Intel x86 family share the same basic
architecture

• The IBM System/370 family share the

same basic architecture

• Organization differs between different

versions
Structure & Function
• Structure is the way in which components
relate to each other

• Function is the operation of individual

components as part of the structure
Function
• All computer functions are:
— Data processing
— Data storage
— Data movement
— Control
Functional View
Operations (a) Data movement
Operations (b) Storage
Operation (c) Processing from/to storage
Operation (d)
Processing from storage to I/O
 Structure - Top Level

Peripherals Computer

Central Main
Processing Memory
Unit

Computer
Systems
Interconnection

Input
Output
Communication
lines
Structure - The CPU

CPU

Computer Arithmetic
Registers and
I/O Login Unit
System CPU
Bus
Internal CPU
Memory Interconnection

Control
Unit
Structure - The Control Unit

Control Unit

CPU
Sequencing
AL
U
Login
Control
Internal
Unit
Bus
Control Unit
Registers Registers and
Decoders

Control
Memory