CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1

CAPE UNIT 1 2016 SOLUTIONS

Question 1

a. i. Given �(�) = 2� 3 − � 2 + �� + �. If � + 3 is a factor then �(−3) = 0.

�(−3) = 2(−3)3 − (−3)2 + �(−3) + � = 0
−54 − 9 − 3� + � = 0
−3� + � = 63 ---------- (1)
Also �(−1) = 10 then
�(−1) = 2(−1)3 − (−1)2 + �(−1) + � = 10
−2 − 1 − � + � = 10
−� + � = 13 ------ (2)
Subtracting (1) from (2) we have
2� = −50, � = −25
Substitute � = −25 into (2) we have
−(−25) + � = 13, � = −12
ii. �(�) = 2� 3 − � 2 − 25� − 12
� + 3 is a factor therefore using long division we have

2� 2 − 7� − 4
�+3 2� 3 − � 2 − 25� − 12
2� 3 + 6� 2

−7� 2 − 25�
−7� 2 − 21�
−4� − 12
−4� − 12
0

�(�) = (� + 3)(2� 2 − 7� − 4)
= (� + 3)(� − 4)(2� + 1)
1
When �(�) = 0, � = −3, − 2 , 4

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 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM
2016

b. When � = 1, 61 − 1 = 5 which is divisible by 5 therefore the statement is

true for � = 1
Assume the statement is true for � = �. Therefore 6� − 1 = 5� where � � �.
When � = � + 1 we have
6�+1 − 1 = 6(6� − 1) + 5
= 6(5�) + 5
= 5(6� + 1) which is divisible by 5.
Therefore the statement is true for � = � + 1
Since the statement is true for � = 1, � and � + 1. It is true for all natural
numbers n.
c.
p q �→� �˅� �∧� (�˅�) → (� ∧ �)
T T T T T T
T F F T F F
F T T T F T
F F T F F T

ii. � → � and (�˅�) → (� ∧ �) are logically equivalent because both have

the same
truth values in their output column.

Question 2

a. log 2 (10 − �) + log 2 � = 4

log 2 (10 − �)� = 4
�(10 − �) = 24
10� − � 2 = 16
� 2 − 10� + 16 = 0
(� − 2)(� − 8) = 0
� = 2, 8

2
 �+3
b. Given the function �(�) = �−1 , � ≠ 1.

If the function is one-to-one then, �(�) ≠ �(�), � ≠ �, (�, �) ≠ 1

�+3 �+3
≠
�−1 �−1
(� + 3)(� − 1) ≠ (� + 3)(� − 1)
�� − � + 3� − 3 ≠ �� − � + 3� − 3
4� ≠ 4�, �≠�
Therefore a and b are distinct and hence a maps to f(a), and b maps to f(b)
�+3
For any � � �, where � ≠ 1 and � −1 (�) =
�−1
�+3
�+3 +3
�(� −1 (�))
= �( )=�−1
�−1 �+3
�−1−1
� + 3 + 3� − 3
=( )
�+3−�+1
4�
= =�
4
Therefore the function is a one-to-one and onto because for
(�, �) � �, where (�, �) ≠ 1, � = � −1 (�) <=> � = �(�)

c. i. Given the roots of the equation 2� 3 − 5� 2 + 4� + 6 = 0 are �, �, and

�.
5
� 3 − � 2 + 2� + 3 = 0
2
� 3 − (� + � + �)� 2 + (�� + �� + ��)� − ��� = 0
5
�+�+� = , �� + �� + �� = 2, and ��� = −3
2

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 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2016

1 1 1
c. ii. An equation whose roots are , and has
�2 �2 �2

1 1 1 �2 � 2 + � 2 � 2 + � 2 �2
+ + =
� 2 �2 � 2 � 2�2� 2
(�� + �� + ��)2 − 2���(� + � + �)
=
(���)2
5
(2)2 − 2(−3) ( ) 19
= 2 =
(−3)2 9
1 1 1 � 2 + � 2 + �2
+ + =
� 2�2 �2� 2 � 2 � 2 � 2�2� 2
(� + � + �)2 − 2(�� + �� + ��)
=
(���)2

5 2
(2) − 2(2) 1
= =−
(−3)2 4
1 1
=
� 2�2� 2 (���)2
1 1
= =
(−3)2 9
19 2 1 1
�3 − � − �− =0
9 4 9
36� 3 − 76� 2 − 9� − 4 = 0

4
Question 3
cosec �
a. i. Prove sec 2 � =
cosec �−sin �
1
LHS = sin �
1
sin � − sin �
1
= sin �2
1 − sin �
sin �
1 1
= =
1 − sin � cos 2 �
2

= sec 2 � ������.

cosec � 4
ii. Given =
cosec �−sin � 3
4 3
sec 2 � = 3 , cos2 � = 4

√3 �
cos � = ± this gives an acute angle
2 6
� 5� 7� 11�
Therefore � = 6 , 6 , 6 , 6

b. i. �(�) = sin � + cos �

� sin(� + �) = � sin � cos � + � sin � cos �
Therefore � cos � = 1 and � sin � = 1
�
Hence, tan � = 1, � = 4 , and � = √2
�
sin � + cos � = √2 sin (� + 4 )

ii. The max value of �(�) is √2

� �
This occurs at (� + 4 ) = 2
�
Therefore the smallest non-negative value of � is 4

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 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM
2016

c. Prove
tan � + tan � + tan � − tan � tan � tan �
tan(� + � + �) =
1 − tan � tan � − tan � tan � − tan � tan �
tan � + tan(� + �)
tan(� + � + �) = tan(� + (� + �)) =
1 − tan � tan(� + �)
tan � + tan �
tan � + 1 − tan � tan �
=
tan � + tan �
1 − tan � (1 − tan � tan � )

tan � (1 − tan � tan �) + tan � + tan �

= 1 − tan � tan �
(1 − tan � tan �) − tan � (tan � + tan �)
1 − tan � tan �
tan � + tan � + tan � − tan � tan � tan �
=
1 − tan � tan � − tan � tan � − tan � tan �
Proven
Question 4

a. i. Given sin � = �, sin2 � = � 2

1 − sin2 � = cos 2 �

cos � = √1 − � 2
sin �
tan � =
cos �
�
= �����
√1 − � 2

6
 ii. Given � = tan 2� and � = sin �
2 tan � �
�= 2
, and tan � =
1 − tan � √1 − � 2
�
2( 2
)
√1 − �
�= 2
�
1−( )
√1 − � 2
2�
2
= √1 − �2
�
1−
1 − �2
2�
�2
= √1 −
1 − �2 − �2
1 − �2
2�(1 − � 2 )
=
√1 − � 2 (1 − 2� 2 )

2�√1 − � 2
�=
1 − 2� 2
1 2
b. i. Given � = (−3) and � = (1)
2 5
|�| = √1 + 9 + 4 = √14

|�| = √4 + 1 + 25 = √30
�∙�
ii. cos � = |�||�|
2 − 3 + 10
= = 0.439
√14 × √30
c. At any time the point �(�, �) is 2� from the origin and a from the x-axis.
Therefore its

distance from the y-axis is given by √4�2 − �2 = �√3 using Pythagoras Theorem.

Hence, � = �√3 and � = �.

� = �√3,
�
�=
√3

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 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1
EXAM 2016

d. 2� + � + 3 = 0 ------ (1)
�2 + �2 = 9 ------- (2)
From (1), � = −(2� + 3) ----- (3)
Substituting (3) into (2) we have
2
� 2 + (−(2� + 3)) = 9

� 2 + 4� 2 + 12� + 9 = 9
5� 2 + 12� = 0
�(5� + 12) = 0
12
� = 0, − 5

When � = 0, � = −3
12 12 9
When � = − , � = −2 (− 5 ) − 3 = 5
5

12 9
Therefore the points of intersection are (0, −3) and (− , 5)
5

Question 5

a. Given ∫(� + 1)1/3 ��, Using the substitution � = � + 1 we have

��
= 1, �� = ��.
��

∫(� + 1)1/3 �� = ∫(�)1/3 ��

(�)4/3
= +�
4
3
3 4/3
= � +�
4
3
= (� + 1)4/3 + �
4

8
 0
b. V = � ∫−1 � 2 ��

� =3 − 1,
� = (� + 1)1/3
� 2 = (� + 1)2/3
0

� = � ∫(� + 1)2/3 ��
−1

3 0 3�
= � [ (� + 1)5/3 ] = cubic units
5 −1 5

� �
c. Given ∫0 �(�) �� = ∫0 �(� − �) �� � > 0
1 1
�� � 1−�
∫� �� = ∫ ��
� + � 1−� � 1−� + � (1−(1−�))
0 0
1
� 1−�
= ∫ 1−� ��
� + ��
0

Dividing both numerator and denominator by � � we have

1
� 1−2�
= ∫ 1−2� ��
� +1
0

1 1
= [− ln(� 1−2� + 1)]
2 0
1
= − [(ln(� −1 + 1)) − (ln(� + 1))]
2
1 �+1
= − [ln | | − ln|� + 1|]
2 �
1
= − [ln|� + 1| − ln � − ln|� + 1|]
2
1 1
= − (−1) =
2 2

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 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM
2016

d. i. Bacteria grow exponentially at a rate of 2% per hour where � = �(�) is

the
number of bacteria present t hours later is given by the differential
equation
��
= 0.02�
��
Separating variables and integrating both sides we have
��
∫ = ∫ 0.02 ��
�
ln � = 0.02� + �
� = � 0.02�+�
� = � � � 0.02�
When � = 0, � = 1000, therefore
1000 = � � , � = 1000� 0.02�
ii. When the bacteria population is double � = 2000,
2000 = 1000� 0.02�
2 = � 0.02�
ln 2 = 0.02�,
ln 2
�= = 34.66 hrs
0.02
Question 6
a. Given �(�) = 2� 3 + 5� 2 − � + 12
� ′ (�) = 6� 2 + 10� − 1
The gradient of the tangent at the point where � = 3, is given by
� ′ (3) = 6(3)2 + 10(3) − 1 = 83
When � = 3, �(3) = 2(3)3 + 5(3)2 − (3) + 12 = 112
Therefore the equation of the tangent at the point where � = 3 is given by
� − 112 = 83(� − 3)
� = 83� − 137

10
 2
b. i. Given �(�) = {� + 2� + 3 �≤0
�� + � �>0
lim �(�) = 02 + 2(0) + 3 = 3
�→0−

lim �(�) = �(0) + � = �

�→0+

ii. For �(�) to be continuous at � = 0, lim− �(�) = lim+ �(�)

�→0 �→0

Therefore � = 3, and � � �.

�(0+�)−�(0)
iii. Given � ′ (0) = lim
�→0 �

For � ≤ 0
�(0 + �) + 3 − (�(0) + 3)
= lim
�→0 �
�� + 3 − 3
= lim
�→0 �
��
= lim = �
�→0 �

For � > 0
(0 + �)2 + 2(0 + �) + 3 − (02 + 2(0) + 3)
� ′ (0) = lim
�→0 �
(�)2 + 2(�) + 3 − 3
= lim
�→0 �
� 2 + 2�
= lim
�→0 �
= lim � + 2 = 2
�→0

If the �(�) is differentiable at � = 0 then �′(0) = 2

Therefore � = 2

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 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2016

c. Given �(�) = √� therefore �(� + ℎ) = √� + ℎ

√� + ℎ − √� √� + ℎ + √�
� ′ (�) = lim ×
ℎ→0 ℎ √� + ℎ + √�
(� + ℎ) − �
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ(√� + ℎ + √�)
ℎ
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ(√� + ℎ + √�)
1
= lim
ℎ→0 (√� + ℎ + √�)
1
=
2√2

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 CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1
SOLUTIONS FOR 2015 EXAM

1. a. i. The inverse ~� → ~� and the contrapositive ~� → ~�

ii.
p q ~� ~� �→� ~� → ~�

T T F F T T

T F F T F F

F T T F T T

F F T T T T

iii. � → � and ~� → ~� are logically equivalent because both final

columns
are the exactly same.
b. Given �(�) = � 3 + �� 2 − � + �
i. If (� − 5) is a factor then �(5) = 53 + �(52 ) − (5) + � = 0
125 + 25� − 5 + � = 0
25� + � = −120 … … …. (1)
When divided by (� − 1) the remainder is 24 therefore
�(1) = 13 + �(12 ) − (1) + � = 24
1 + � − 1 + � = 24
� + � = 24 … … …. (2)
Subtract (2) from (1) we have
24� = −144, � = −6
−6 + � = 24, � = 30

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 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM
2015

ii. �(�) = � 3 − 6� 2 − � + 30

�2 − � − 6

�−5 � 3 − 6� 2 − � + 30
� 3 − 5� 2
−� 2 − �
−� 2 + 5�
−6� + 30
−6� + 30
0

� 3 − 6� 2 − � + 30 = (� − 5)(� 2 − � − 6)
= (� − 5)(� − 3)(� + 2)
c. Given �(�) = 5 + 52 + 53 + 54 + ⋯ + 5� (�. �. �) and 4�(�) = 5�+1 − 5 (�. �. �)
When � = 1, �. �. � = 4�(1) = 4 × 5 = 20, and R. H. S = 52 − 5 = 20
Therefore result is true for � = 1.
Assume result is true for � = �, therefore
4�(�) = 4(5 + 52 + 53 + 54 + ⋯ + 5� ) = 5�+1 − 5
When � = � + 1, we have
R.H.S = 4�(� + 1) = 5�+2 − 5
L.H.S = 4(5 + 52 + 53 + 54 + ⋯ + 5� + 5�+1 )
= 4(�(�) + 5�+1 )

= 4(�(�)) + 4(5�+1 )

= 5�+1 − 5 + 4(5�+1 )
= 5 × 5�+1 − 5
= 5�+2 − 5
R.H.S = L.H.S therefore result is true for � = � + 1.
Since the result is true for � = 1, � and � + 1, it is true for all positive
integer n.

14
2. a. i. A function is one-to-one if each element in the domain maps to one
and
only one image in the co-domain and each element in the range is
the
image of only one element in the domain. Therefore given that �: �
→�
and �: � → � are one-to-one functions, (� ° �) is a one-to-one
function
because the co-domain of f is used as the domain for g and this
makes
(� ° �) = �: � → � a one-to-one function.

�(�) �(�) �°�(�)

�1 �1 �1
�2 b �2 �2
�3 �3 �3

ii. A function is onto if each element in the co-domain is mapped unto

at
least one element in the domain. Therefore given that �: � → �
and �: � → � are onto functions, (� ° �) is a onto function because
the
co-domain of f is used as the domain for g, and this makes
(� ° �) = �: � → � an onto function.

4 4
b. i. 3 − (9)� − (81)� = 0
4 4
3− �
− 2� = 0
9 9
3(92� ) − 4(9� ) − 4 = 0 multiplying both sides by 92�
(3(9� ) + 2)(9� − 2) = 0 factorising the equation
(3(9� ) + 2) = 0,
2
9� = − , not possible
3
(9� − 2) = 0
9� = 2
log 2
�= = 0.315
log 9

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 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2015

ii. |5� − 6| = � + 5
when 5� − 6 > 0 we have
5� − 6 = � + 5
4� = 11
11
�= 4

When 5� − 6 < 0 we have

−(5� − 6) = � + 5
−5� + 6 = � + 5
1 = 6�
1
�=6

c. Given � = 300 + 5�
i. When � = 0, � = 300 + 1 = 301
ii. When � = 3(301) we have
903 = 300 + 5�
5� = 603
log 603
�= = 3.98 hours
log 5

3. a. i. cos 3� = cos(2� + �)
= cos 2� cos � − sin 2� sin �
= (2 cos2 � − 1) cos � − 2 sin � cos � sin �
= 2 cos3 � − cos � − 2 sin2 � cos �
= 2 cos3 � − cos � − 2(1 − cos2 �) cos �
= 2 cos3 � − cos � − 2 cos � + 2 cos3 �
= 4 cos3 � − 3 cos �

16
 ii. cos 6� − cos 2� = 0
cos 6� = 4 cos3 2� − 3 cos 2�
4 cos 3 2� − 3 cos 2� − cos 2� = 0
4 cos 3 2� − 4 cos 2� = 0
4 cos 2� (cos2 2� − 1) = 0
4 cos 2� = 0
� 3� 5� 7�
2� = , , ,
2 2 2 2
� 3� 5� 7�
�= , , ,
4 4 4 4
cos 2 2� − 1 = 0
cos 2 2� = 1
cos 2� = ±1
2� = 0, � 2�, 3� 4�
� 3�
� = 0, , �, , 2�
2 2
b. i. �(2�) = 3 sin 2� + 4 cos 2�
� sin(2� + �) = � sin 2� cos � + � sin � cos 2�
� cos � = 3 and � sin � = 4
4
tan � = 3 , and � = √32 + 42
4
� = tan−1 (3) = 0.927 and � = 5

3 sin 2� + 4 cos 2� = 5 sin(2� + 0.927)

ii. Maximum value of occurs when �(�) = 5
1 1
=
7 − �(�) 7 − 5
1
=
2
Minimum value of occurs when �(�) = −5
1 1 1
= =
7 − �(�) 7 + 5 12

17
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2015

4. a. i. Given �1 : � = √10 cos � − 3; � = √10 sin � + 2

�2 : � = 4 cos � + 3; � = 4 sin � + 2
�+3 �−2
From �1 : cos � = ; sin � =
√10 √10

cos2 � + sin2 � = 1

�+3 2 �−2 2
( ) +( ) =1
√10 √10
2
(� + 3)2 + (� − 2)2 = (√10)
�−3 �−2
From �2 : cos � = ; sin � =
4 4

�−3 2 �−2 2
( ) +( ) =1
4 4
(� − 3)2 + (� − 2)2 = 42
2
ii. (� + 3)2 + (� − 2)2 = (√10) ………. (1)
2
From (1) (� − 2)2 = (√10) − (� + 3)2 ……….. (2)
(� − 3)2 + (� − 2)2 = 42 …….. (3)
(� − 2)2 = 42 − (� − 3)2 ………….. (4)
Equating (2) and (4) we have
2
(√10) − (� + 3)2 = 42 − (� − 3)2

10 − (� 2 + 6� + 9) = 16 − (� 2 − 6� + 9)
10 − � 2 − 6� − 9 = 16 − � 2 + 6� − 9
10 − 16 = 6� + 6�
−6 = 12�
1
�=−
2

18
 1
Substituting � = − 2 into (4) we have
2
1
(� − 2)2 = 42 − ((− ) − 3)
2
49
� 2 − 4� + 4 = 16 −
4
1
� 2 − 4� + =0
4
4� 2 − 16� + 1 = 0

16 ± √162 − 16
�=
8
16 ± 4√15
�=
8
� = 3.94, 0.0635
1 1
Points of intersection are (− 2 , 3.94) and (− 2 , 0.0635 )

b. If the point �(�, �) moves so that its distance from a fixed point (0, 3) is two
times the distance from the fixed point (5, 2) then;
� 2 + (� − 3)2 = 4[(� − 5)2 + (� − 2)2 ]
� 2 + � 2 − 6� + 9 = 4[� 2 − 10� + 25 + � 2 − 4� + 4]
� 2 + � 2 − 6� + 9 = 4� 2 − 40� + 100 + 4� 2 − 16� + 16
3� 2 + 3� 2 − 40� − 10� + 107 = 0
40 10 107
�2 + �2 − �− �+ =0
3 3 3
20 2 400 5 2 25 107
(� − ) − + (� − ) − + =0
3 9 3 9 3
20 2 5 2 104
(� − ) + (� − ) =
3 3 9
20 5 √104
This is the equation of a circle with centre ( 3 , 3) and radius .
3

19
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2015

5. a. Given
sin(��)
�(�) = { if � ≠ 0, � ≠ 0
�
4 if � = 0
If f is continuous at � = 0, then
sin(��)
lim = lim 4
�→0 � �→0

sin(��)
lim =4
�→0 �
Multiplying numerator and denominator by a we have
� sin(��)
lim =4
�→0 ��
sin(��)
� lim =4
�→0 ��
sin(��)
lim =1
�→0 ��
�=4
b. Given �(�) = sin(2�)
Differentiating from first principles we have
�(� + ℎ) − �(�)
� ′ (�) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
sin 2(� + ℎ) − sin(2�)
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
2� + 2ℎ + 2� 2� + 2ℎ − 2�
2 cos ( ) sin ( )
= lim 2 2
ℎ→0 ℎ
4� + 2ℎ
2 cos (
= lim 2 ) sin(ℎ)
ℎ→0 ℎ
sin(ℎ)
= lim 2 cos(2� + ℎ) × lim
ℎ→0 ℎ→0 ℎ
= 2 cos 2�

20
 2�
c. Given � =
√1 + � 2
i. Using the quotient and power rule:
�� ��
�� � �� − � �� ��
= 2
and = �(�(�))�−1 × �′(�)
�� � ��
1 1
�� √1 + � 2 (2) − 2� (2) (1 + � 2 )−2 (2�)
= 2
�� (√1 + � 2 )

2� 2
2√1 + � 2 −
√1 + � 2
=
1 + �2
2(1 + � 2 ) − 2� 2
=
(1 + � 2 )√1 + � 2
�� 2 2
= =
�� (1 + � 2 )√1 + � 2 (1 + � 2 )3/2

Multiplying both sides by x we have

�� 2�
� =
�� (1 + � 2 )√1 + � 2
1 2�
=( 2
)
1 + � √1 + � 2
�� �
� =
�� 1 + � 2
ii. From (i)
�� 2
= = 2(1 + � 2 )−3/2
�� (1 + � 2 )3/2
�2 � 3
2
= (2) (− ) (1 + � 2 )−5/2 (2�)
�� 2
6�
=−
(1 + � 2 )5/2
6�
=−
(1 + � 2 )2 √1 + � 2
3(2�)
=−
(1 + � 2 )2 √1 + � 2

21
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2015

2�
Since � =
√1 + � 2
�2 � 3�
= −
�� 2 (1 + � 2 )2
�2 � 3�
+ =0
�� 2 (1 + � 2 )2
6. Given � = 3� − 7, � + � = 9 and 3� = � + 3
i. AB is the line � = 3� − 7, AC is the line � + � = 9 and BC is the line
3� = � + 3. The lines AB intersects AC at the point A therefore the
coordinates
of A is found by solving these equations simultaneously.
� = 3� − 7 ……. (1)
�+� =9 ……. (2)
Substituting (1) into (2) we have
3� − 7 + � = 9
4� = 16
�=4
From (2) � + 4 = 9
�=5
Therefore the coordinates of A is (4, 5)
AB intersects BC at the point B therefore solving these equations gives
the
coordinates of the point B.
� = 3� − 7 …… (1)
3� = � + 3 …… (2)
Substituting (1) into (2) we have
3(3� − 7) = � + 3
9� − 21 = � + 3
8� = 24
�=3

22
 From (1) � = 3(3) − 7 = 2
Therefore the coordinates of B is (3, 2)
AC intersects BC at the point C therefore solving these equations gives
the
coordinates of the point C.
� + � = 9 …… (1)
3� = � + 3 …… (2)
From (1) � = 9 − � …. (3)
Substituting (3) into (2) we have
3(9 − �) = � + 3
27 − 3� = � + 3
4� = 24
�=6
� = 9−6 =3
Therefore the coordinates of C is (6, 3)
ii. The area bounded by these three lines is given by
4 6 6
�+3
∫ 3� − 7 �� + ∫ 9 − � �� − ∫ ��
3
3 4 3

3� 2 4 �2 6 1 �2 6
=[ − 7�] + [9� − ] − [ + 3�]
2 3 2 4 3 2 3
1
= [(−4) − (−7.5)] + [(36) − (28)] − [(36) − (13.5)]
3
= 4 sq. units
b. Given that � ′ (�) = 3� 2 + 8� − 3 at the point (0, −6)

i. �(�) = ∫ 3� 2 + 8� − 3 ��

= � 3 + 4� 2 − 3� + �
The curve passes through the point (0, −6) therefore
−6 = �
The equation of the curve is therefore �(�) = � 3 + 4� 2 − 3� − 6

23
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2015

ii. At the stationary point � ′ (�) = 0 therefore

3� 2 + 8� − 3 = 0
(3� − 1)(� + 3) = 0
1
� = 3 , and − 3

1 1 3 1 2 1
When � = 3 , � = (3) + 4 (3) − 3 (3) − 6
176
�=− = −6.5
27

When � = −3, � = (−3)3 + 4(−3)2 − 3(−3) − 6

� = 12
1
Therefore the stationary points are (3 , −6.5) and (−3, 12)

� ′′ (�) = 6� + 8
1 1 1
When � = 3 , � ′′ (3) = 6 (3) + 8 > 0
1
Therefore (3 , −6.5) is a minimum point

When � = −3, � ′′ (−3) = 6(−3) + 8 < 0

Therefore (−3, 12) is a maximum point.
iii.
�
Max (−3, 12)
12

� 3 + 4� 2 − 3� − 6

�
−3 −2 −1 0 1
1
3

−6

1
Min ( , −6.5)
3

24
 CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1
SOLUTIONS FOR 2014 EXAM
Question 1

a.
p q r �→� �→� (� → �) ∧ (� → �)
T T T T T T
T T F T T T
T F T F F F
T F F F T F
F T T T T T
F T F T T T
F F T T F F
F F F T T T

b. i. Given � ⊕ � = � 3 + � 3 + �� 2 + �� 2 − 5� − 5� + 16
� ⊕ � = � 3 + � 3 + �� 2 + �� 2 − 5� − 5� + 16
� ⊕ � = � ⊕ � therefore ⊕ is commutative in R

ii. a. We have �(�) = 2 ⊕ � = 23 + � 3 + �22 + �� 2 − 5(2) − 5� + 16

�(�) = 8 + � 3 + 4� + �� 2 − 10 − 5� + 16
�(�) = � 3 + �� 2 − 5� + 4� + 14
If (� − 1) is a factor then �(1) = 0
Therefore �(1) = 13 + �(1)2 − 5(1) + 4� + 14 = 0
1 + � − 5 + 4� + 14 = 0
5� + 10 = 0,
� = −2

b. When � = −2, �(�) = � 3 + (−2)� 2 − 5� + 4(−2) + 14

�(�) = � 3 − 2� 2 − 5� + 6
(� − 1) is a factor of �(�) therefore using long division
we have.

25
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM
2014

�2 − � − 6

� − 1 � 3 − 2� 2 − 5� + 6
�3 − �2
−� 2 − 5�
−� 2 + �
−6� + 6
−6� + 6
0
3 2 2
� − 2� − 5� + 6 = (� − 1)(� − � − 6)
= (� − 1)(� + 2)(� − 3)
Therefore factors are (� − 1), (� + 2) and (� − 3)
�
c. 12 + 32 + 52 + ⋯ + (2� − 1)2 = 3 (4�2 − 1)
1
When � = 1, L.H.S = 12 = 1, and R.H.S = 3 (4(1)2 − 1) = 1

L.H.S = R.H.S therefore result is true for � = 1

Assume result is true for � = �, therefore
�
12 + 32 + 52 + ⋯ + (2� − 1)2 = 3 (4� 2 − 1)

When � = � + 1
�+1
R.H.S = (4[� + 1]2 − 1)
3

L.H.S = 12 + 32 + 52 + ⋯ + (2� − 1)2 + (2(� + 1) − 1)2

�
12 + 32 + 52 + ⋯ + (2� − 1)2 = 3 (4� 2 − 1)
�
L.H.S = 3 (4� 2 − 1) + (2(� + 1) − 1)2
�
= 3 (2� − 1)(2� + 1) + (2� + 1)2
�
= (2� + 1) [3 (2� − 1) + (2� + 1)]

�(2� − 1) + 3(2� + 1)
= (2� + 1) [ ]
3

26
 2� + 1
L. H. S = (2� 2 + 5� + 3)
3
2� + 1
= (2� + 3)(� + 1)
3
�+1
= (2� + 1)(2� + 3)
3
�+1
= (4� 2 + 8� + 3)
3
�+1
= (4{� 2 + 2�} + 3)
3
�+1
= (4[� + 1]2 − 4 + 3)
3
�+1
= (4[� + 1]2 − 1)
3
L.H.S = R.H.S therefore result is true for � = � + 1
Since result is true for � = 1, �, and � + 1 it is true for all positive
integer n.

Question 2

�−1
a. Given �(�) = 2� 2 + 1, �(�) = √ 2

i. a. ��(�) = 2(�(�))2 + 1
= 2(2� 2 + 1)2 + 1
= 2(4� 4 + 4� 2 + 1) + 1
= 8� 4 + 8� 2 + 2 + 1
= 8� 4 + 8� 2 + 3
b. �[�(�)] = 2[�(�)]2 + 1
2
�−1
= 2 (√ ) +1
2

�−1
= 2( )+1
2

=�−1+1
=�
ii. � −1 (�) = �(�) Since �[� −1 (�)] = �

27
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2014

b. Given that �3 + � 3 + 3�2 � = 5�� 2

We know that (� + �)3 = �3 + 3�2 � + 3�� 2 + � 3
Adding 3�� 2 to both sides we have
�3 + � 3 + 3�2 � + 3�� 2 = 3�� 2 + 5�� 2
(� + �)3 = 8�� 2
(� + �)3
= �� 2
8
�+� 3
( ) = �� 2
2
�+� 3
log ( ) = log �� 2 [Log both sides]
2

�+�
3 log ( ) = log � + log � 2
2
�+�
3 log ( ) = log � + 2 log �
2
1
c. i. �� + −2=0
��

� 2� − 2� � + 1 = 0 [Multiplying both sides by � � ]

Let � = � � , �2 − 2� + 1 = (� − 1)2
� = 1, � � = 1 , � = 0
ii. log 2 (� + 1) − log 2 (3� + 1) = 2
�+1
log 2 = 2 log 2 2
3� + 1
�+1
log 2 = log 2 22
3� + 1
�+1
=4
3� + 1
� + 1 = 4(3� + 1)
� + 1 = 12� + 4
11� = −3
3
�=−
11

28
 √3−1 √3+1 √2−1 √2+1
d. + + +
√3+1 √3−1 √2+1 √2−1
2 2 2 2
(√3 − 1) + (√3 + 1) (√2 − 1) + (√2 + 1)
+
(√3 + 1)(√3 − 1) (√2 + 1)(√2 − 1)

4 − 2√3 + 4 + 2√3 3 − 2√2 + 3 + 2√2

+
3−1 2−1
8 6
+ = 4 + 6 = 10
2 1
Question 3
cos �
cot �−cot � ⁄sin �−cos �⁄sin �
a. i. = cos �⁄ cos �
cot �+cot � sin � + ⁄sin �

sin � cos � − sin � cos � cos � sin � + sin � cos �

= /
sin � sin � sin � sin �
sin � cos � − sin � cos � sin � sin �
= ×
sin � sin � cos � sin � + sin � cos �
sin � cos � − sin � cos �
=
cos � sin � + sin � cos �
sin(� − �)
=
sin(� + �)
cot �−cot �
ii. = 1, 0 ≤ � ≤ 2�,
cot �+cot �

1 1 � � √3
�
When sin � = 2 , sin−1 (2) = 6 , cos ( 6 ) = for 0
≤� ≤
2
2

cot � − cot � sin � cos � − sin � cos �

=
cot � + cot � cos � sin � + sin � cos �
sin � cos � − sin � cos �
=1
cos � sin � + sin � cos �
1 √3
( ) cos �−sin �( )
2 2
√3 1
= 1 Multiplying both numerator &
denominator by 2
( ) sin �+( ) cos �
2 2
cos � − √3 sin �
=1
√3 sin � + cos �

cos � − √3 sin � = √3 sin � + cos �

29
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2014

0 = 2√3 sin �
sin � = 0
� = 0, �, 2� for 0 ≤ � ≤ 2�.

b. i. Given �(�) = 3 sin 2� + 4 cos 2� to be written in the form � sin(2� + �)

We have � sin(2� + � ) = � sin 2� cos � + � sin � cos 2�

� = √32 + 42 = 5
3 sin 2� + 4 cos 2� = � sin 2� cos � + � sin � cos 2�
Comparing we have � cos � = 3, � sin � = 4
� sin � 4
= tan � =
� cos � 3
4
� = tan−1 (3) = 0.927 rad

�(�) = � sin(2� + �) = 5 sin(2� + 0.927)

ii. a. �(�) is at a minimum when
3�
(2� + 0.927) =
2
3�
2� = − 0.927
2
3� 0.927
�= −
4 2
� = 1.89 rad
1
b. The maximum value of is when �(�) = 5 so
7−�(�)

1 1 1
= =
7 − �(�) 7 − 5 2
1
And the minimum value of is when �(�) = −5
7−�(�)
1 1 1
= =
7 − �(�) 7 − (−5) 12

30
Question 4

a. Given the equations of �1 and �2 are � − � + 1 = 0 and � + � − 5 = 0

i. �1 and �2 intersects at the centre of the circle therefore
Solving the equations simultaneously we have
� − � + 1 = 0 ------ (1)
� + � − 5 = 0 ------ (2)
2� − 4 = 0 Adding (1) and (2)
�=2
When � = 2, from (2) � = 5 − �
� = 5−2 =3
Therefore the coordinate of the centre of the circle is (2, 3)

ii. Let A (1, 2) and B (a, b) be the coordinates of the endpoints of the
diameter of the
circle and the coordinates of the it’s centre (2, 3) is the midpoint
of the line AB.
Therefore in calculating the midpoint we have
�+1
= 2, �=3
2
�+2
=3 �=4
2
Therefore B has coordinates (3, 4)

iii. The point p moves in a circular path with centre (2, 3) and radius √2.

2
The equation of the path of p is given by (� − 2)2 + (� − 3)2 = (√2)

� 2 − 4� + 4 + � 2 − 6� + 9 =
2
� 2 + � 2 − 4� − 6� + 11 = 0

31
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM
2014

1 �
b. Given � = 1+�, and � = 1−� 2

1
�=
1+�
�(1 + �) = 1
� + �� = 1
�� = 1 − �
1−�
�=
�
� �
�= 2
=
1−� (1 + �)(1 − �)
1 � 1
�= × , substituting � = we have
1+� 1−� 1+�
�� 1−�
�= , substituting � = we have
1−� �
1−�
�( � )
�=
1−�
1−( � )

1−�
�=
� − (1 − �)
�
�(1 − �)
�=
2� − 1

c. i. Given �(3, −2, 1), �(−1, �, 5) and �(2, 1, −4)

�� =
�� + ��
3 −1 −4
= − (−2) + ( � ) = (2 + �)
��
1 5 4

�� = −4� + (2 + �)� + 4�
= ��
�� + ��
32
 −1 2 3
= − ( � ) + ( 1 ) = (1 − �)
��
5 −4 −9
= 3� + (1 − �)� − 9�
��
+
�� = �� ��
2 3 1

�� = − ( 1 ) + (−2) = (−3)
−4 1 5
= � − 3� + 5�
��

ii. Given PQ is the hypotenuse therefore RQ and RP are perpendicular to

each other.
(��) ∙ (��) = 0
−(3� + (1 − �)� − 9�) ∙ (� − 3� + 5�) = −3 − 3(� − 1) + 9(5) = 0
−3 − 3� + 3 + 45 = 0
−3� = −45,
−45
�= = 15
−3
Question 5

�� + 2, �<3
a. Given �(�) = { .
�� 2 , �≥3

i. lim �(�) = �(32 ) = 9�

�→3+

lim �(�) = 3� + 2
�→3−

If �(�) is continuous at � = 3, then

lim �(�) = lim− �(�) Therefore
�→3+ �→3

9� = 3� + 2
6� = 2,
1
�=
3

33
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM
2014

�2 + 2
ii. �(�) =
�� 2 + � + 4
Given that lim 2�(�) = lim �(�) we have
�→1 �→0

12 + 2 02 + 2
2( ) =
�(1)2 + 1 + 4 �(0)2 + 0 + 4

3 2
2( )=
�+5 4
6 1
=
�+5 2

12 = � + 5
�=7

1 1
b. Let �(�) = , �(� + ℎ) =
√� √� + ℎ
Using differentiation from first principle, we have
�� �(� + ℎ) − �(�)
= lim
�� ℎ→0 ℎ
1 1
−
�� + ℎ √�
= lim √�
�� ℎ→0 ℎ
√� − √� + ℎ
(√� + ℎ)(√�)
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
√� − √� + ℎ
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ(√� + ℎ)(√�)

√� − √� + ℎ √� + √� + ℎ
= lim [ × ]
ℎ→0 ℎ(√� + ℎ)(√�) √� + √� + ℎ
� − (� + ℎ)
= lim [ ]
ℎ→0 ℎ(√� + ℎ)(√�)(√� + √� + ℎ)

−ℎ
= lim [ ]
ℎ→0 ℎ(√� + ℎ)(√�)(√� + √� + ℎ)
34
 �� −1
= lim [ ]
�� ℎ→0 (√� + ℎ)(√�)(√� + √� + ℎ)

−1
=
(√�)(√�)(√� + √�)
1 1
=− = − � −3/2
2�√� 2
�
ii. Given � =
√1+�

� �� ��′ −��′
Using the quotient rule when � = � , =
�� �2

We have � = �, � = √1 + �
1 1
�′ = 1 � ′ = (1 + �)−1/2 =
2 2√1 + �
1
(√1 + �)(1) − � ( )
�� 2√1 + �
= 2
�� (√1 + �)

√1 + � �
�� 1 − 2√1 + �
=
�� 1+�
(√1 + �)(2√1 + �) − �
�� 2√1 + �
=
�� 1+�
�� (√1 + �)(2√1 + �) − �
=
�� 2√1 + �(1 + �)
�� 2(1 + �) − �
=
�� 2√(1 + �)3
�� �+2
=
�� 2√(1 + �)3

c. Given � = cos �, � = sin �

�� ��
= − sin � , = cos �
�θ ��
�� ��/��
=
�� ��/��
cos �
= = − cot �
− sin �

35
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM
2014

Question 6

��
a. i. a. Given = 3� 2 − 4� + 1
��

Integrating both sides we have

� = ∫ 3� 2 − 4� + 1 ��

� 2+1 � 1+1
�=3 −4 +�+�
2+1 1+1
� = � 3 − 2� 2 +� +�
When � = −1, � = −4
−4 = (−1)3 − 2(−1)2 + (−1) + �
−4 = −4 + �
�=0
� = � 3 − 2� 2 +�

��
b. At the stationary points �� = 0 therefore

3� 2 − 4� + 1 = 0
(3� − 1)(� − 1) = 0
1
� = 3 , or 1

1 1 3 1 2 1
When � = 3 , � = (3) − 2 (3) + 3

1 2 1 1−6+9 4
�= − + = =
27 9 3 27 27
1 4
Therefore coordinate of the stationary point is (3 , 27)

When � = 1, � = 13 − 2(1)2 + 1 = 0
Therefore coordinate of the stationary point is (1, 0)

36
 �2 �
= 6� − 4
�� 2
1 �2 � 1
When � = 3 , = 6 (3) − 4 = −2
�� 2

�2 � 1 4
< 0 Therefore (3 , 27) is a maximum
�� 2

�2 �
When � = 1, = 6(1) − 4 = 2
�� 2

�2 �
> 0 Therefore (1, 0) is a minimum
�� 2

ii. y-intercept when � = 0, � = 0 (0, 0)

x-intercept when � = 0, � 3 − 2� 2 + � = 0
�(� 2 − 2� + 1 = 0)
�(� − 1)2 = 0
When � = 0, � = 0, 1
x-intercepts (0, 0) and (1, 0)

1 4
max ( , )
3 27
4
27
min(1, 0)

0 �
1 2 1
3 3

37
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT
1 EXAM 2014

3
b. i. ∫0 2�√1 + � 2 ��

Using the substitution method with � = √1 + � 2

�� 1 �
We have = (1 + � 2 )−1/2 × 2� =
�� 2 √1+� 2
�� � �
� = √1 + � 2 , = , �� = ��
�� � �

When � = 3, � = √1 + 32 = √10

When � = 0, � = √1 + 0 = 1
√10 �
∫ 2�(�) ��
1 �
√10
2
2�3 √10
∫ 2� �� = [ ]
1 3 1
3
2(√10) 2(1)3
=[ − ]
3 3

2
= [√103 − 1] = 20.42
3

�
ii. Volume of revolution about the x-axis is given by � ∫� � 2 �� therefore
from b. (i)
2 2
Volume = � ∫0 (2�√1 + � 2 ) ��
2
= � ∫ 4� 2 (1 + � 2 ) ��
0
2
= � ∫ 4� 2 + 4� 4 ��
0

4� 3 4� 5 2
= �[ + ]
3 5 0

4(2)3 4(2)5
= � [( + ) − 0]
3 5
32 128 544
= �[ + ]= � cubic units
3 5 15
38
 CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1
SOLUTIONS FOR 2013 EXAM

Question 1

a. i.
p q �→�
T T T
T F F
F T T
F F T

ii.
p Q �∧� ~(� ∧ �)
T T T F
T F F T
F T F T
F F F T

b. Given � ⊕ � = � 2 + � 2 + 2� + � − 5��
2 ⊕ � = 22 + � 2 + 2(2) + � − 5�(2)
2 ⊕ � = 4 + � 2 + 4 + � − 10�
2 ⊕ � = � 2 − 9� + 8
2⊕� = 0
� 2 − 9� + 8 = 0
(� − 1)(� − 8) = 0
� = 1, 8

39
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2013

c. When � = 1, 51 + 3 = 8 which is divisible by 2

Therefore statement is true for � = 1
Assume statement is true when � = �
Therefore 5� + 3 is divisible by 2
When � = � + 1, we have 5�+1 + 3 = 5(5� + 3) − 12
5� + 3 is assumed to be divisible by 2 and 12 is divisible by 2
Therefore 5�+1 + 3 is divisible by 2
Since the statement is true for � = 1, �, and � + 1 it is true for all positive
integer n.
d. Given �(�) = � 3 − 9� 2 + �� + 16
i. If (� + 1) is a factor then �(−1) = 0 therefore
�(−1) = (−1)3 − 9(−1)2 + �(−1) + 16 = 0
−� + 6 = 0, � = 6
ii.
� 2 − 10� + 16

(� + 1) � 3 − 9� 2 + 6� + 16
�3 + �2
−10� 2 + 6�
−10� 2 − 10�
16� + 16
16� + 16
0

� 3 − 9� 2 + 6� + 16 = (� + 1)(�2 − 10� + 16)

= (� + 1)(� − 2)(� − 8)
iii. � 3 − 9� 2 + 6� + 16 = (� + 1)(� − 2)(� − 8) = 0
Therefore � = −1, 2, 8

40
Question 2
a. Given �(�) = � 2 − �, �≥1
By completing the square we have
1 1
� 2 − � = (� 2 − � + 4) − 4

1 2 1
= (� − 2) − 4
1
The function has a parabolic shape with axis of symmetry � = 2.

The domain given is � ≥ 1, and this section of the graph is a one to one
function
due to it passing the horizontal line test.

� 1
�= �(�) = � 2 − �
2

�=�
1
�
0
1
2

Alternatively, if we assume that �(�) is not a one to one function when � = �,

or �
Then �(�) = �(�) where � ≠ �.
So �(�) = �(�)
�2 − � = � 2 − �
�2 − � 2 − � + � = 0
(� + �)(� − �) − (� − �) = 0
(� − �)(� + � + 1) = 0
Therefore � = �, or � = −� − 1
For � ≥ 1 which eliminates � = −(� + 1), �(�) = �(�) is only true if � = �.
Therefore the function is one to one for � ≥ 1.

41
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2013

b. i. Given �(�) = 3� + 2, and �(�) = � 2�

a. Let � = 3� + 2 interchanging � and � we have
�−2
� = 3� + 2, therefore � =
3
�−2
� −1 (�) =
3
Let � = � 2� interchanging � and � we have
� = � 2� Natural log of both sides gives.
ln � = ln � 2�
ln � = 2�
1 1
� = 2 ln � Therefore �−1 (�) = 2 ln �

b. �[�(�)] = 3[�(�)] + 2
= 3� 2� + 2

ii. � = 3� 2� + 2 interchanging � and � we have

� = 3� 2� + 2
�−2
� 2� = Natural log of both sides.
3
�−2
ln � 2� = ln ( )
3
�−2 1 �−2
2� = ln ( ) , therefore � = ln ( )
3 2 3
−1 1 �−2
[�[�(�)]] = ln ( )
2 3
1
�−1 [� −1 (�)] = ln(� −1 (�))
2
1 �−2
= ln ( )
2 3
−1
Therefore [�[�(�)]] = �−1 [� −1 (�)]
42
c. i. 3� 2 + 4� + 1 ≤ 5
3� 2 + 4� − 4 ≤ 0
(3� − 2)(� + 2) ≤ 0
2
Critical points � = −2, 3 −2
2

� ≤ −2 2 2
−2 ≤ � ≤ �≥
3 3
3� − 2 − − +
�+2 − + +
(3� − 2)(� + 2) + − +

2
2
Therefore −2 ≤ � ≤ 3 from the table is negative or from the graph −2 ≤ �
≤ 3

is the part of the graph that is below the x-axis.

ii. |� + 2| = 3� + 5
Squaring both sides we have
(� + 2)2 = (3� + 5)2
� 2 + 4� + 4 = 9� 2 + 30� + 25
8� 2 + 26� + 21 = 0
8� 2 + 12� + 14� + 21 = 0
4�(2� + 3) + 7(2� + 3) = 0
(4� + 7)(2� + 3) = 0
7 3
� = − , not possible − only answer
4 2
Alternatively, for (� + 2) ≥ 0 we have � + 2 = 3� + 5
3
2� = −3, � = −
2
For (� + 2) < 0, we have −(� + 2) = 3� + 5
−� − 2 = 3� + 5
7
4� = −7, � = − not possible
4

43
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM
2013

Question 3

2 tan � sin �
a. i. L.H.S substituting tan � =
1+tan2 � cos �
sin �
2 tan � 2 cos �
We have =
1 + tan2 � sin � 2
1 + (cos � )

Multiplying denominator and numerator by cos2 �

2 tan � 2 sin � cos �
= cos2 � + sin2 � = 1
1 + tan � cos 2 � + sin2 �
2

2 tan �
= 2 sin � cos �
1 + tan2 �
2 sin � cos � = sin 2�

ii. Given sin 2� − tan � = 0

2 tan �
− tan � = 0
1 + tan2 �
2 tan � − tan � (1 + tan2 �) = 0
2 tan � − tan � − tan3 � = 0
tan � − tan3 � = 0
tan � (1 − tan2 �) = 0
tan �(1 − tan �)(1 + tan �) = 0
tan � = 0, 1, −1
� = tan−1 (0) = 0, �, 2�
�
Acute angle for � = tan−1 (1) = 4

� 3� 5� 7�
� = 0, , , ,
4 4 4 4

44
b. i. Given �(�) = 3 cos � − 4 sin �
� cos(� + �) = � cos � cos � − � sin � sin �
� cos � = 3, � sin � = 4
� sin � 4
= tan � =
� cos � 3
4
� = tan−1 ( ) = 0.927
3

� = √32 + 42 = 5
3 cos � − 4 sin � = 5 cos(� + 0.927)

ii. a. �(�) = 5 cos(� + 0.927)

Therefore maximum value of �(�) is 5 (−1 ≤ cos � ≤ 1)
1
b. Minimum value of is when �(�) is maximum
8+�(�)

1 1 1
Therefore = =
8 + �(�) 8 + 5 13

iii. a. Given that A, B and C are the angles of a triangle where their
sum is π.
�+�+� =�
� = � − (� + �) Taking sine of the angles
sin � = sin[� − (� + �)]
sin[� − (� + �)] = sin � cos(� + �) − sin(� + �) cos �
sin � = 0, cos � = −1 Therefore
sin[� − (� + �)] = 0 − sin(� + �) (−1)
sin[� − (� + �)] = sin(� + �)
sin � = sin(� + �)

b. from (iii).a. sin � = sin(� + �) therefore

sin � = sin(� + �) and sin � = sin(� + �) so
sin � + sin � + sin � = sin(� + �) + sin(� + �) + sin(� + �)

45
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM
2013

Question 4
a. i. Given � 2 + � 2 − 6� − 4� + 4 = 0
By completing the square we have
−6 2 −6 2 −4 2 −4 2
(� 2 − 6� + ( ) ) − ( ) + (� 2 − 4� + ( ) ) − ( ) + 4 = 0
2 2 2 2

(� 2 − 6� + 9) − 9 + (� 2 − 4� + 4) − 4 + 4 = 0
(� − 3)2 + (� − 2)2 = 9 = 32
The equation of a circle is given by (� − �)2 + (� − �)2 = � 2
Where (�, �) is the centre and r its radius.

Therefore the circle has centre (3, 2) and radius √9 = 3

ii. a. The gradient of the line between the centre (3, 2) and a
point on the
2−2
circumference (6, 2) is given by 6−3 = 0,

Therefore equation of the normal to the circle at (6, 2) is

given by � = 2
b. The tangent is perpendicular to the normal therefore the
line � = 2 at
(6, 2) is perpendicular to � = 6, which is a vertical line
parallel to the
y-axis.
b. Given � = � 2 + �, � = 2� − 4
�+4
From � = 2� − 4, � =
2
�+4
Substituting � = into � = � 2 + �
2

�+4 2 �+4
We have � = ( ) +
2 2
� 2 + 8� + 16 � + 4
�= +
4 2
� 2 + 8� + 16 + 2(� + 4)
�=
4
� 2 + 10� + 24
�=
4
4� = � 2 + 10� + 24

46
c. i. Given �(3, −1, 2), �(1, 2, −4) and �(−1, 1, −2)

�� =
�� + ��
3 1
= − (−1) + ( 2 )
2 −4
−2
=( 3 )
−6

�� = −2� + 3� − 6�
= ��
�� + ��

1 −1
= −( 2 )+( 1 )
−4 −2
−2
= (−1)
2
= −2� − � + 2�
��

ii. Given � = −16� − 8�, if � is perpendicular to the plane through A, B, and C

Then � ∙ �� = 0 and � ∙ �� = 0
0 −2
� ∙ �� = (−16) ∙ ( 3 )
−8 −6
= (0 × −2) + (−16 × 3) + (−8 × −6)
= 0 − 48 + 48 = 0

Therefore r is perpendicular to
��
0 −2
� ∙ �� = (−16) ∙ (−1)
−8 2
= (0 × −2) + (−16 × −1) + (−8 × 2)
= 0 + 16 − 16 = 0

Therefore r is perpendicular to ��

47
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM
2013

iii. The vector equation of a plane is given by � ∙ � = � ∙ �

where r is any vector (�� + �� + ��) on the plane, n is a vector normal
to
the plane and a is the position vector for a point on the plane.
Using � = −16� − 8� and � = 3� − � + 2� we have
�∙�=�∙�
(�� + �� + ��) ∙ (−16� − 8�) = (3� − � + 2�) ∙ (−16� − 8�)
−16� − 8� = −16 + 16
−16� − 8� = 0
2� + � = 0

Question 5

� + 2, �<2
a. Given �(�) = { .
�2, �>2
i. lim �(�) = lim+ � 2
�→2+ �→2

= 22 = 4
lim �(�) = lim− � + 2
�→2− �→2

=2+2=4
lim �(�) = lim− �(�)
�→2+ �→2

lim �(�) = 4
�→2

ii. �(�) is not continuous at � = 2 because �(2) is undefined.

48
 � 2 + 2� + 3
b. Let � =
(� 2 + 2)3
� �� ��′ −��′
Using the quotient rule � = , =
� �� �2

Let � = � 2 + 2� + 3 �′ = 2� + 2
� = (� 2 + 2)3 � ′ = 3(� 2 + 2)2 × 2�
� ′ = 6�(� 2 + 2)2
�� (� 2 + 2)3 × (2� + 2) − (� 2 + 2� + 3) × (6�(� 2 + 2)2 )
=
�� ((� 2 + 2)3 )2
�� (� 2 + 2)2 [(� 2 + 2)(2� + 2) − 6�(� 2 + 2� + 3)]
=
�� (� 2 + 2)6
�� 2� 3 + 2� 2 + 4� + 4 − 6� 3 − 12� 2 − 18�
=
�� (� 2 + 2)4
�� −4� 3 − 10� 2 − 14� + 4
=
�� (� 2 + 2)4

c. Given � = 1 − 3 cos � , � = 2 sin �

��
= 0 − 3(− sin �) = 3 sin �
��
��
= 2 cos �
��
�� ��/��
=
�� ��/��
�� 2 cos �
=
�� 3 sin �
�� 2
= cot �
�� 3

d. i. � = � 2 + 3 ------ (1)
� = 4� ------- (2)
4� = � 2 + 3 Substitute � = 4� into (1)
� 2 − 4� + 3 = 0

49
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM
2013

(� − 1)(� − 3) = 0
� = 1, or 3
When � = 1, � = 4(1) = 4
� = 3, � = 4(3) = 12
�(1, 4) and �(3, 12)

ii. Area of the shaded region is given by A

3 3

� = ∫ 4� �� − ∫ � 2 + 3 ��
1 1

3 �3 3
� = [2� 2 ] − [ + 3�]
1 3 1

33 1
� = [2(32 ) − 2] − [( + 3(3)) − ( + 3)]
3 3
1
� = 16 − 18 + 3 3
4
= 3 sq. units

Question 6

a. i. ∫ �(1 − �)2 ��
��
Let � = 1 − �, � = 1 − �, = −1, �� = −��
��

∫(1 − �)�2 (−1)��

�4 �3
∫ �3 − �2 �� = − +�
4 3
(1 − �)4 (1 − �)3
∫ �(1 − �)2 �� = − +�
4 3
1
=− [(1 − �)3 (1 + 3�)] + �
12
50
 ii. Given �(�) = 2 cos � , �(�) = 4 sin 5� + 3 cos �

∫[�(�) + �(�)] �� = ∫ 2 cos � + 4 sin 5� + 3 cos � ��

= ∫ 5 cos � + 4 sin 5� ��

4
∫[�(�) + �(�)] �� = 5 sin � − cos 5� + �
5

∫ �(�) �� + ∫ �(�) �� = ∫ 2 cos � �� + ∫ 4 sin 5� + 3 cos � ��

4
= 2 sin � + � + (− cos 5�) + 3 sin � + �
5
4
∫ �(�) �� + ∫ �(�) �� = 5 sin � − cos 5� + �
5
A, B, and C are merely constants of the integrals therefore � = � + �

b. i. Length of rectangle is x, width of rectangle is 2r and

2��
length of semi-circle is = ��
2

Perimeter of track is given by 2� + 2� + �� = 600

�(2 + �) = 600 − 2�
600 − 2�
�=
2+�
ii. Area of track is given by
1
� = �(2�) + 2 (�� 2 )
�
� = 2�� + 2 � 2

600 − 2� � 600 − 2� 2
� = 2� ( )+ ( )
2+� 2 2+�
1200� − 4� 2 � 600 − 2� 2
�=( )+ ( )
2+� 2 2+�
�� 1 �
= [1200 − 8� + (2)(600 − 2�)(−2)]
�� 2 + � 2(2 + �)
�� 1 2�
= [1200 − 8� − (600 − 2�)]
�� 2 + � (2 + �)

51
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM
2013

�� 1 2�
When = 0, [1200 − 8� − (600 − 2�)] = 0
�� 2+� (2 + �)
2�
1200 − 8� − (600 − 2�) = 0
(2 + �)
(2 + �)(1200 − 8�) − 2�(600 − 2�) = 0
2400 − 16� + 1200� − 8�� − 1200� + 4�� = 0
2400 − 16� − 4�� = 0
16� + 4�� = 2400
4�(4 + �) = 2400
2400
4� =
4+�
600
� = 4+� ≈ 84 metres

�2 � 1 2� 1 4�
2
= [−8 − ( ) (−2)] = [ − 8]
�� 2+� (2 + �) 2+� 2+�
4� �2 �
8> Therefore <0
2+� �� 2
600
Therefore � = 4+� give the maximum area.

c. i. Let � = −� sin � − 2 cos � + �� + �

� ′ = −[� cos � + sin �] − 2(− sin �) + �
= −� cos � − sin � + 2 sin � + �
= sin � − � cos � + �
� ′′ = cos � − [cos � + �(− sin �)]
= cos � − cos � + � sin �
�′′ = � sin �

52
ii. � = −� sin � − 2 cos � + �� + �
When � = 0, � = 1, We have
1 = −2 + �
�=3
When � = �, � = 6, � = 3 we have
6 = −� sin � − 2 cos � + �� + 3
6 = 2 + �� + 3
�� = 1
1
�=�
1
The specific solution is � = −� sin � − 2 cos � + � � + 3

53
 CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1
SOLUTIONS TO 2012 EXAM
Question 1

a. Given �(�) = 2� 3 − �� 2 + �� − 10

i. � − 1 is a factor of �(�) therefore �(1) = 0

�(1) = 2(1)3 − �(1)2 + �(1) − 10 = 0
2 − � + � − 10 = 0
� − � = −8 ------- (1)
When �(�) is divided by � + 1 it gives a remainder of −6 therefore
�(−1) = 2(−1)3 − �(−1)2 + �(−1) − 10 = −6
−2 − � − � − 10 = −6
� + � = −6 -------- (2)
Adding equations (1) and (2) we have
2� = −14, therefore � = −7
Substituting � = −7 into (2) give
−7 + � = −6, therefore � = 1
�(�) = 2� 3 + 7� 2 + � − 10

ii. 2� 2 + 9� + 10

� − 1 2� 3 + 7� 2 + � − 10

2� 3 − 2� 2
9� 2 + �
9� 2 − 9�
10� − 10
10� − 10
0

54
 2� 3 + 7� 2 + � − 10 = (� − 1)(2�2 + 9� + 10)
= (� − 1)(� + 2)(2� + 5)
Therefore the factors of �(�) are (� − 1), (� + 2), and (2� + 5)

2
b. Given (√� + √�) = 16 + √240
2
(√� + √�) = � + 2√�� + �

� + � + 2√�� = 16 + √240

Therefore � + � = 16 -------- (1)

� = 16 − � ------- (2)

2√�� = √240 -------- (3)

√240 = √4 × 60 = 2√60

2√�� = 2√60 ------ (4)

Therefore �� = 60 -------- (5)

Substituting (2) into (5) we have
�(16 − �) = 60
16� − � 2 = 60
� 2 − 16� + 60 = 0
(� − 6)(� − 10) = 0
� = 6, 10
When � = 6, � = 16 − 6 = 10
When � = 10, � = 16 − 10 = 6
� = 6, � = 10 and � = 10, � = 6

55
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM
2012

c. Given |3� − 7| ≤ 5
Squaring both sides we have
(3� − 7)2 ≤ 25 |3� − 7|
≤ 5
9� 2 − 42� + 49 ≤ 25
9� 2 − 42� + 24 ≤ 0
2
4
3(3� 2 − 14� + 8) ≤ 0
3
3(3� − 2)(� − 4) ≤ 0
2
Critical points � = 3 , 4

2 2 �≥4
�≤ ≤�≤4
3 3
3� − 2 − − +
�−4 − + +
(3� − 2)(� − 4) + − +

2
Therefore 3 ≤ � ≤ 4

Alternatively, when (3� − 7) ≥ 0 we have 3� − 7 ≤ 5

3� ≤ 12, � ≤ 4
When (3� − 7) ≤ 0 we have −(3� − 7) ≤ 5
−3� + 7 ≤ 5
−3� ≤ −2
2
�≥3
2
Therefore 3 ≤ � ≤ 4

ii. |3� − 7| + 5 ≤ 0
|3� − 7| ≥ 0 Modulus always give the value of the function as positive
and
5 is also greater than zero, therefore if we add the two together a
number greater
than zero will be the result.
Therefore |3� − 7| + 5 cannot be less than zero for any real value of x
and this
function will not intersect the x-axis resulting in us having no real
solution.

56
Question 2
a. Given �(�) → � 2 − 3

i. �(�(�)) = [�(�)]2 − 3

= (� 2 − 3)2 − 3
= � 4 − 6� 2 + 9 − 3
= � 4 − 6� 2 + 6

ii. �(�(�)) = �(� + 3)

� 4 − 6� 2 + 6 = (� + 3)2 − 3
� 4 − 6� 2 + 6 = � 2 + 6� + 9 − 3
� 4 − 6� 2 + 6 = � 2 + 6� + 6
� 4 − 7� 2 − 6� = �(� 3 − 7� − 6)
� + 1 is a factor of � 3 − 7� − 6
(−1)3 − 7(−1) − 6 = −1 + 7 − 6 = 0
� + 2 is a factor of � 3 − 7� − 6
(−2)3 − 7(−2) − 6 = −8 + 14 − 6 = 0
� − 3 is a factor of � 3 − 7� − 6
(3)3 − 7(3) − 6 = 27 − 21 − 6 = 0
Therefore � 4 − 7� 2 − 6� = �(� + 1)(� + 2)(� − 3)
� = 0, −1, −2, 3
b. i. Given � ��� � are the roots the equation 4� 2 − 3� + 1 = 0
(� − �)(� − �) = � 2 − (� + �)� + ��
4� 2 − 3� + 1 = 0 Dividing both sides by 4 we have
3 1 3 1
� 2 − 4 � + 4 = 0 Therefore � + � = 4 ��� �� = 4

ii. (� + �)2 = � 2 + 2�� + � 2

� 2 + � 2 = (� + �)2 − 2��
3 2 1
= (4) − 2 (4)
1
= 16

57
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1
EXAM 2012

2 2
iii. Given and are the roots of a quadratic equation we
have
�2 �2
2 2 2� 2 + 2� 2
Sum of roots + =
� 2 �2 � 2 �2
2(� 2 + � 2 )
=
(��)2
1 1
2( )
= 16 = 8
1 2 1
( ) ( )
4 16

=2
2 2 4
Product of roots 2
× 2=
� � (��)2
4
=
1 2
( )
4

= 4 × 16 = 64

Therefore the quadratic equation is � 2 − 2� + 64 = 0

1 3 5 7 9
c. i. log10 (3) + log10 (5) + log10 (7) + log10 (9) + log10 (10)
1 3 5 7 9
log10 [(3) × (5) × (7) × (9) × (10)]
1
log10 (10) = log10 10−1

= −1
99
� 1 2 98 99
ii. ∑ log10 ( ) = log10 ( ) + log10 ( ) + ⋯ + log10 ( ) + log10 ( )
�+1 2 3 99 100
�=1

1 2 98 99
= log10 [( ) × ( ) × … × ( ) ( )]
2 3 99 100
1
= log10 ( )
100
= log10 10−2

= −2
58
Question 3
a. i. Given cos(� + �) = cos � cos � − sin � sin � and cos 2� = 2 cos2 � − 1
cos 3� = cos(2� + �)
= cos 2� cos � − sin 2� sin �
= (2 cos2 � − 1) cos � − (2 sin � cos �) sin �
[sin 2� = 2 sin � cos �]
= (2 cos2 � − 1) cos � − 2 sin2 � cos �
= cos � [(2 cos2 � − 1) − 2 sin2 �]
1
= 2 cos � [cos2 � − sin2 � − 2]
1
ii. L.H.S = 2 [sin 6� − sin 2�]
�+�
�−�
Using the factor formulae sin � − sin � = 2 cos (
) sin ( )
2
2

1 1 6�+2� 6�−2�
[sin 6� − sin 2�] = [2 cos ( ) sin ( )]
2 2 2 2

= cos 4� sin 2� [cos 4� =

2 cos2 2� − 1]
= (2 cos 2 2� − 1) sin 2�
iii. sin 6� − sin 2� = 0
(2 cos 2 2� − 1) sin 2� = 0
2 cos 2 2� − 1 = 0
1
cos2 2� =
2
1 �
cos 2� = ± 0≤�≤
√2 2
� 3�
2� = ,
4 4
� 3�
�= ,
8 8
�
sin 2� = 0 0≤�≤ 2

2� = 0, �
�
� = 0,
2
� � 3�
� = 0, , ,
2 8 8

59
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM
2012

b. Given cot 2 � + cos � = 0

cos 2 �
2 + cos � = 0
sin2 �
2 cos 2 � + sin2 � cos � = 0
2 cos 2 � + (1 − cos 2 �) cos � = 0
2 cos 2 � + cos � − cos3 � = 0
cos3 � − 2 cos2 � − cos � = 0
cos � (cos 2 � − 2 cos � − 1) = 0
cos � = 0
cos2 � − 2 cos � − 1 = 0
−�±√�2 −4��
Using the quadratic formula � =
2�

−(−2) ± √(−2)2 − 4(1)(−1)

cos � =
2
2 ± √8
cos � = , √8 = √2 × 4 = 2√2
2
2 ± 2√2
cos � = = 1 ± √2
2

cos � = 1 − √2, cos � ≠ 1 + √2

cos � = 0, 1 − √2
Question 4
a. i. Given � = 3 sec � , and � = 3 tan �
sec 2 � = 1 + tan2 �
� �
sec � = , tan � =
3 3
� 2 � 2
( ) =1+( )
3 3
�2 �2
=1+
9 9
�2 = 9 + �2

60
 ii. � 2 = 9 + � 2 ------ (1)

� = √10� ------ (2)

� 2 = 10� --------- (3) squaring (2)
10� = 9 + � 2 Substitute (3) into (1)
� 2 − 10� + 9 = 0
(� − 1)(� − 9) = 0
� = 1, 9

When � = 1, � = √10 point (1, √10)

When � = 9, � = √90 = 3√10 point (9, 3√10)

b. i. � = −3� + 4� and � = −� + 6�
ii. � − � = (−3� + 4�) − (−� + 6�)
= −2� − 2�
iii. � ∙ � = (−3� + 4�) ∙ (−� + 6�)
= 3 + 24 = 27
iv. � ∙ � = |�| × |�| cos �
�∙�
cos � =
|�| × |�|

|�| = √(−3)2 + (4)2

= √25 = 5

|�| = √(−1)2 + (6)2

= √37
27
cos � =
5 × √37
cos � = 0.888
� = cos −1 0.888 = 27.4�

61
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2012

Question 5

� 3 +8
a. i. Let �(�) =
� 2 −4

�(�) is discontinuous when � 2 − 4 = 0

Therefore � = 2, −2

� 3 +8
ii. lim
�→−2 � 2 −4

� 3 + 8 = (� + 2)(� 2 − 2� + 4)
(� + 2)(� 2 − 2� + 4)
lim
�→−2 (� + 2)(� − 2)
(� 2 − 2� + 4) (−2)2 − 2(−2) + 4
lim =
�→−2 (� − 2) −2 − 2
12
= = −3
−4

2� 3 +4�
ii. lim
�→0 sin 2�
2� 3 + 4�
lim 2�
�→0 sin 2�
2�
�+2
lim
�→0 sin 2�
2�
lim � + 2 0+2
�→0
=
sin 2� 1
lim 2�
�→0

2� 3 + 4�
lim =2
�→0 sin 2�

62
 � 2 + 1, � > 1,
b. Given �(�) = {
4 + ��, � < 1.
i. a. lim �(�) = 12 + 1 = 2
�→1+

b. lim �(�) = 4 + �(1)

�→1−

When lim �(�) exist lim+ �(�) = lim− �(�)

�→1 �→1 �→1

Therefore 4 + � = 2
� = −2
ii. �(1) = 2 For � to be continuous at � = 1.

�
c. Given � = �� 2 + � 2

��
= 2�� + (−2�� −3 )
��
�� 2�
= 2�� − 3
�� �
When � = −1, � = 1 therefore
−1 = � + � ------ (1)
�� 35
When = , � = 2 therefore
�� 4

35 2�
= 2�(2) − 3
4 2
35 �
= 4� −
4 4
35 = 16� − � ----- (2)
Add eq. (1) and (2) we have
34 = 17�, � = 2
From (1) when � = 2 we have
−1 = 2 + �, � = −3
Therefore � = 2, � = −3

63
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM
2013

Question 6

a. i. Given � = √4� 2 − 7
�� 1
= (4� 2 − 7)−1/2 × 8�
�� 2
�� 4�
=
�� √4� 2 − 7
��
√4� 2 − 7 = 4�
��

� = √4� 2 − 7
��
� = 4�
��
�� 4�
ii. =
�� √4� 2 −7
�� ��
� �� � −�
�� ��
using the quotient rule � = , =
� �� �2
��
� = 4�, =4
��
��4�
� = √4� 2 − 7 =
�� √4� 2 − 7
4�
√4� 2 − 7(4) − 4� ( )
�2 � √4� 2 − 7
= 2
�� 2 (√4� 2 − 7)

4(√4� 2 − 7)(√4� 2 − 7) − (4�)(4�)

= √4� 2 − 7
4� 2 − 7
4(4� 2 − 7) − 16� 2
=
(4� 2 − 7)√4� 2 − 7
16� 2 − 28 − 16� 2
=
(4� 2 − 7)√4� 2 − 7
−28
=
(4� 2 − 7)√4� 2 − 7

64
 �2 � 28
(√4� 2 − 7) 2
=− 2
�� 4� − 7
�2 � 28
� 2
=− 2
�� 4� − 7
�� 2 4� 2
( ) =( )
�� √4� 2 − 7
16� 2
=
4� 2 − 7
�2 � �� 2 28 16� 2
� 2+( ) =− 2 + 2
�� �� 4� − 7 4� − 7
16� 2 − 28
=
4� 2 − 7
4(4� 2 − 7)
= =4
4� 2 − 7
�2� �� 2
Therefore � +( ) =4
�� 2 ��

��
b. i. = 3� 2 − 6�
��

Integrating both sides we have

� = ∫ 3� 2 − 6� ��

� = � 3 − 3� 2 + �
When � = −1, � = 0
0 = (−1)3 − 3(−1)2 + �
0 = −1 − 3 + �
�=4
� = � 3 − 3� 2 + 4

65
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2012

��
ii. = 3� 2 − 6�
��

��
At the stationary points = 0 therefore
��

3� 2 − 6� = 0
3�(� − 2) = 0
� = 0, 2
When � = 0, � = 4 (0, 4)
When � = 2, � = 23 − 3(22 ) + 4
� = 8 − 12 + 4 = 0 (2, 0)
Therefore the stationary points are (0, 4) and (2, 0)

�2�
iii. = 6� − 6
�� 2
�2 �
When � = 0, = −6
�� 2

Therefore (0, 4) is a maximum

�2�
When � = 2, = 6(2) − 6 = 6
�� 2

Therefore (2, 0) is a minimum

66
iv. The curve meets the x-axis when � = 0 therefore
� 3 − 3� 2 + 4 = 0
The minimum point has � = 0, � = 2
Therefore (� − 2)2 is a factor
(� − 2)2 (� − �) = � 3 − 3� 2 + 4
Equating the constants we have
−4� = 4, � = −1
� 3 − 3� 2 + 4 = (� − 2)2 (� + 1)
Therefore the curve meets the x-axis at � = 2, and − 1
�(−1, 0) and �(2, 0)

v.
�

4 ��� (0,4)

�(−1, 0) ���
(2,0)

�
−2 −1 0 2
�(2, 0)

67
 CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1
SOLUTIONS TO 2011 EXAM

Question 1

2 2
a. i. (√75 + √12) − (√75 − √12)

[(√75 + √12) + (√75 − √12)][(√75 + √12) − (√75 − √12)]

(2√75)(2√12)

(2√25 × 3)(2√4 × 3)

2 × 5√3 × 2 × 2√3
40 × 3 = 120

ii. 271/4 × 93/8 × 811/8

1 3 1
(33 )4 × (32 )8 × (34 )8
3 3 1
34 × 34 × 32
3 3 1
3(4+4+2)
32 = 9

b. �(�) = � 3 + �� 2 + �� + �

f(x)

(0, 4)

x
Q 0 1 2

68
i. When � = 0, �(0) = �, therefore � is the y-intercept
From the graph the y-intercept is where the curve cuts the y-axis.
Therefore � = 4

ii. From the graph when � = 0, � = 1, 2 therefore

�(1) = 1 + � + � + 4 = 0
� + � = −5 ------ (1)
�(2) = 23 + �(22 ) + �(2) + 4 = 0
4� + 2� = −12 ----- (2)
2� + � = −6 ---- (3) dividing (2) by 2
−� = 1 (1) Subtract (2)
� = −1
From (1) when � = −1 we have
−1 + � = −5
� = −4
So �(�) = � 3 − � 2 − 4� + 4

iii. � 3 − � 2 − 4� + 4 = (� − 1)(� − 2)(� + �)

Equating the constants we have
4 = (−1)(−2) × �
4 = 2�
�=2
Therefore the third factor is � + 2
�+2=0
� = −2
The x coordinate of the point Q is −2.

69
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2011

c. i. Given √log 2 � = log 2 √�

1
√log 2 � = log 2 (�)2
1
√log 2 � = log 2 �
2
Let � = log 2 � therefore
1
√� = 2 � Squaring both sides we have

1 2
�= �
4
4� = � 2
� 2 − 4� = 0
�(� − 4) = 0
� = 0, 4
When � = 0, log 2 � = 0
� = 20 = 1
When � = 4, log 2 � = 4
� = 24 = 16
Therefore � = 1, 16

ii. Given � 2 − |�| − 12 < 0

�, � ≥ 0
Because of |�| = {
−�, � < 0
We have � 2 − � − 12 < 0, for � ≥ 0
(� + 3)(� − 4) < 0
Critical points � = −3, 4

70
 � 2 − � − 12
� 2 +�
− 12

−3 4 −4
3

� 2 − � − 12 < 0, has inequality for values of � between −3 < � < 4

We have � 2 + � − 12 < 0, for � < 0

(� − 3)(� + 4) < 0
Critical points � = 3, −4, therefore for � 2 + � − 12 < 0, has
inequality
for values of �, −4 < � < 3

Taking the union of both sets we have inequality for values of �, −4

<� < 4

Question 2

a. i. Given � and � are the roots of � 2 − �� + 24 = 0

(� − �)(� − �) = 0, � 2 − (� + �)� + ��
a. �+� =�
b. �� = 24,
� 2 + � 2 = (� + �)2 − 2��
= �2 − 2(24)
= �2 − 48

ii. Given � 2 + � 2 = 33,

�2 − 48 = 33
�2 − 81 = 0
(� − 9)(� + 9) = 0
� = 9, or − 9

71
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2011

b. Given �(2� + 3) = 2�(�) + 3 and �(0) = 6

i. When � = 0, we have
�(3) = 2�(0) + 3
= 2(6) + 3
= 12 + 3 = 15

ii. When � = 2, we have

�(2(3) + 3) = 2�(3) + 3
�(6 + 3) = 2(15) + 3
�(9) = 30 + 3 = 33

iii. When � = −3 we have

�(2(−3) + 3) = 2�(−3) + 3
�(−6 + 3) = 2�(−3) + 3
�(−3) = 2�(−3) + 3
−3 = 2�(−3) − �(−3)
�(−3) = −3

c. An even number can be express as 2� where � is an integer.

A odd number can be express as 2� − 1 where � is an integer.
For two consecutive numbers one must be even and the other odd, therefore
The product of two consecutive integers can be �(� + 1) = 2�(2� − 1).
Where 2�(2� − 1) = 2[�(� − 1)].
Two times any number makes it even. Therefore the product of two consecutive
integers
is an even integer.

72
d. Given to prove that �(�2 + 5) is divisible by 6
When � = 1 we have
1(12 + 5) = 6 which is divisible by 6
Therefore the statement is true for � = 1
Assume statement is true when � = �, therefore
�(� 2 + 5) is divisible by 6
When � = � + 1 we have
(� + 1)[(� + 1)2 + 5]
(� + 1)(� 2 + 2� + 1 + 5)
(� + 1)(� 2 + 2� + 6)
� 3 + 2� 2 + 6� + � 2 + 2� + 6
� 3 + 3� 2 + 8� + 6
� 3 + 5� + 3� 2 + 3� + 6
�(� 2 + 5) + 3�(� + 1) + 6
We assumed �(� 2 + 5) is divisible by 6, �(� + 1) is an even integer which when
multiplied by 3 is divisible by 6 and 6 is divisible by 6.
Therefore when � = � + 1 the statement is true.
Since the statement is true for � = 1, � and � + 1, it is true for all positive
integer n.

Question 3

a. � = �1 � + �2 � and � = �1 � + �2 � with |�| = 13 and |�| = 10

i. |�| = √(�1 )� + (�2 )� = 13 and |�| = √(�1 )� + (�2 )� = 10

(� + �) ∙ (� − �) = [(�1 + �1 )� + (�2 + �2 )�] ∙ [(�1 − �1 )� + (�2 − �2 )�]
= ((�1 )2 − (�1 )2) + ((�2 )2 − (�2 )2 )
= ((�1 )2 + (�2 )2 ) − ((�1 )2 + (�2 )2 )
= 132 − 102 = 169 − 100
= 69

73
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2011

ii. 2� − � = 11� and so � = 2� − 11�

(� + �) = 2� − 11� + � and (� − �) = 2� − 11� − �
(� + �) = 3� − 11� ��� (� − �) = � − 11�
(� + �) = 3( �1 � + �2 �) − 11� and (� − �) = ( �1 � + �2 �) − 11�
(� + �) = (3�1 − 11)� + 3�2 � and (� − �) = (�1 − 11)� + �2 �
(� + �) ∙ (� − �) = [(3�1 − 11)(�1 − 11)] + [3�2 × �2 ] = 69

= 3�1 2 − 44�1 + 121 + 3�2 2 = 69

= 3(�1 2 + �2 2 ) − 44�1 + 52 = 0

|�| = √(�1 2 + �2 2 ) = 10 �� �1 2 + �2 2 = 100

= 3(100) − 44�1 + 52 = 0
44�1 = 352
�1 = 8

�1 2 + �2 2 = 100

�2 = √100 − 82 = ±6
Therefore � = 8� + 6� or 8� − 6�
� = 2� − 11�
� = 2(8� + 6�) − 11� = 5� + 12�
� = 2(8� − 6�) − 11� = 5� − 12�

b. i. Given the line L has equation � − � + 1 = 0 and the circle C has equation
� 2 + � 2 − 2� − 15 = 0
The general equation of a circle is given by � 2 + � 2 − 2�� − 2�� + � = 0
where f and g are the coordinates of the centre of the circle.
From the equation of the circle the coordinate of the centre is (0, 1)
Therefore from the line equation � − � + 1 = 0 when � = 0 and � = 1

74
 We have 0 − 1 + 1 = 0 therefore it is shown that the line L passes through
the
centre of the circle.

ii. L intersects C at P and Q therefore we solve simultaneously the equations of

L and C.
� 2 + � 2 − 2� − 15 = 0 -------- (1)
� − � + 1 = 0 -------- (2)
From (2) � = � + 1 ------- (3)
Substitute (3) into (1) we have
� 2 + (� + 1)2 − 2(� + 1) − 15 = 0
� 2 + � 2 + 2� + 1 − 2� − 2 − 15 = 0
2� 2 − 16 = 0
�2 = 8

� = ±√8 = ±2√2

� = 1 ± 2√2

The coordinates of P and Q are (2√2, 1 + 2√2) and (−2√2, 1 − 2√2)

iii. Given the parametric equations � = � + � cos � and � = � + � sin �.

�−� �−�
We have cos � = and sin � =
� �

�−� 2 �−� 2
cos2 � + sin2 � = 1 so ( ) +( ) =1
� �

(� − �)2 + (� − �)2 = �2
The equation of C written in this form is given by
� 2 + (� − 1)2 − 1 − 15 = 0
� 2 + (� − 1)2 = 16 = 42
Therefore � = 0, � = 1, and � = 4

75
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2011

iv. Let the circle �2 has centre (�, �) and radius 4 therefore �2 has equation
(� − �)2 + (� − �)2 = 16
The circle �2 touches the line L at the centre of C (0, 1) and has the same
radius
Therefore (0 − �)2 + (1 − �)2 = 16
� 2 + (1 − �)2 = 16
Also the line through the centres of the circle is perpendicular to the line
L
therefore it has gradient −1.
�−1
= −1
�−0

� − 1 = −�
� =1−�
Substituting � = 1 − � into � 2 + �2 − 2� − 15 = 0 we have
(1 − �)2 + (1 − �)2 = 16
2(1 − �)2 = 16
(1 − �)2 = 8

1 − � = ±√8 = ±2√2

� = 1 − 2√2, �� 1 + 2√2
� =1−�

� = 1 − (1 − 2√2) = 2√2

� = 1 − (1 + 2√2) = −2√2

Therefore the centres are (2√2, −1 − 2√2) and (−2√2, 1 + 2√2 )

2 2
The possible equations are (� − 2√2) + (� − (1 − 2√2)) = 16
2 2
(� − 2√2) + (� − 1 + 2√2) = 16
2 2
and (� − (−2√2)) + (� − (1 + 2√2)) = 16
2 2
(� + 2√2) + (� − 1 − 2√2) = 16
76
Question 4

a. i. Given 8 cos 4 � − 10 cos2 � + 3 = 0

Let � = cos 2 � then
8� 2 − 10� + 3 = 0
8� 2 − 6� − 4� + 3 = 0
2�(4� − 3) − (4� − 3) = 0
(2� − 1)(4� − 3) = 0
1 3
� = 2 or 4
1 1
cos2 � = 2 , so cos � = ±
√2

1 �
The acute angle is � = cos −1 ( ) =
√2 4

0 ≤ � ≤ � therefore � is in the first and second quadrants .

� � 3�
The angles are � = or � = � − 4 = for the second
quadrant.
4 4

3 √3
cos2 � = 4 , so cos � = ± 2

√3 �
The acute angle is � = cos −1 ( 2 ) = 3
� � 5�
The angles are � = or � = � − 6 = for the second
quadrant.
6 6

� 3� � 5�
�= , , or
4 4 6 6

b. i. From the diagram angle ��� �� 90� therefore triangle ��� is similar to
triangle ��� and as a result angle ��� is equal to angle ���.
�� = �� + ��
��
= cos � , so �� = 6 cos �
6
��
= sin �, so �� = 8 sin �
8
�� = 6 cos � + 8 sin �

77
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1
EXAM 2011

ii. Given |��| = 7 then

6 cos � + 8 sin � = 7
Using � sin(� + �) = 6 cos � + 8 sin �
We have � sin(� + �) = � sin � cos � + � sin � cos �
Therefore 8 = � cos � ��� 6 = � sin �
� sin � 6
= tan � =
� cos � 8
6 3
tan � = =
8 4
3
� = tan−1 (4) = 36.87� or 0.644 rad

� = √62 + 82 = 10
6 cos � + 8 sin � = 10 sin(� + 0.644)
10 sin(� + 0.644) = 7
7
sin(� + 0.644) = 10
7
� + 0.644 = sin−1 (10)

� + 0.644 = 44.42� or 0.775 rad

� = 0.775 − 0.644
� = 0.131 rad or 7.55�

iii. �� = 6 cos � + 8 sin � = 10 sin(� + 0.644)

Therefore the maximum value of BC is 10 because sin(� + 0.644) has a
maximum value of 1. So |��| = 15 is NOT possible

1−cos 2� 2 sin2 �
c. i. =
sin 2� 2 sin � cos �
sin �
= = tan �
cos �

78
 1−cos 4� 2 sin2 2�
ii. a. =
sin 4� 2 sin 2� cos2 �
sin 2�
= = tan 2�
cos 2�

1−cos 6� 2 sin2 3�
b. =
sin 6� 2 sin 3� cos 3�
sin 3�
= = tan 3�
cos 3�

iii. From the above identities it can be seen that

1 − cos 2��
= tan ��
sin 2��
Therefore 1 − cos 2�� = tan �� sin 2��
1 = tan �� sin 2�� + cos 2��
� �

∑ tan �� sin 2�� + cos 2�� = ∑ 1 = �

�=1 �=1

Question 5
� 2 +5�+6
a. lim
�→−2 � 2 −�−6
(� + 2)(� + 3)
lim
�→−2 (� + 2)(� − 3)

(� + 3) −2 + 3 1
lim = =−
�→−2 (� − 3) −2 − 3 5

2
b. Given �(�) = {� + 1 if � ≥ 2
�� + 1 if � < 2

i. �(2) = 22 + 1 = 5
ii. lim �(�) = lim+(� 2 + 1) = 22 + 1 = 5
�→2+ �→2

iii. lim �(�) = lim−(�� + 1 ) = 2� + 1

�→2− �→2

79
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM
2011

iv. if f is continuous at � = 2 then

lim �(�) = lim− �(�)
�→2+ �→2

5 = 2� + 1
4 = 2� => � = 2
��
c. Given � = �� 3 + �� 2 + 3� + 2 and at �(1, 2) =7
��
��
We have �� = 3�� 2 + 2�� + 3
��
When � = 1, = 7, 7 = 3� + 2� + 3 ------ (1)
��

4 = 3� + 2� --------- (2)
When � = 1, � = 2 2 = � + � + 3 + 2 ----- (3)
−3 = � + � -------- (4)
Multiple (4) by 2 −6 = 2� + 2� ------ (5)
Subtract (5) from (2) 10 = �
−3 = � + �
−3 = 10 + � => � = −13
Therefore the equation is � = 10� 3 − 13� 2 + 3� + 2
��
ii. The gradient of the tangent at T is =7
��

Therefore the gradient of the normal is −7

1
The equation of the normal is given by � − 2 = − 7 (� − 1)

7� − 14 = 1 − �
7� + � = 15
iii. The line � = 1 cuts the x-axis at � = 1, therefore coordinates of M is
(1, 0)
the normal has equation 7� + � = 15 therefore coordinates for N
when � = 0, � = 15,
M and N is on the x-axis therefore length of �� = 15 − 1 = 14

80
Question 6

a. i. Given � = �(� 2 − 12), � = � 3 − 12�

��
We have = 3� 2 − 12
��
��
At the stationary points �� = 0, 3� 2 − 12 = 0

3(� 2 − 4) = 0
� = 2, −2
When � = 2, � = 2(22 − 12) = −16
When � = −2, � = −2((−2)2 − 12) = 16
Therefore the stationary points have coordinates (2, −16) and (−2, 16)
��
ii. At the origin � = 0, = −12 this is the gradient of the
tangent.
��
1
The gradient of the normal is therefore − 12, and the equation of the
normal at the
1 1
origin is given by � − 0 = − (� − 0), � = − �.
12 12

iii. The curve � = �(� 2 − 12) cuts the x-axis when � = 0 therefore

�(� 2 − 12) = 0, and � = 0, ±√12 = ±2√3

The area between the curve and the positive x-axis is given by
√12

� = − ∫ �(� 2 − 12)��
0

√12

� = ∫ (12� − � 3 ) ��
0

� 4 √12
� = [6� 2 − ]
4 0
4
(√12)
2
� = 6(√12) −
4
144
= 6(12) − = 36 sq. units
4

81
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM
2011

� �

b. i. Using the result ∫ �(�) �� = ∫ �(� − �) ��

0 0
� �

We have ∫ � sin � �� = ∫(� − �) sin(� − �) ��

0 0
� �

sin(� − �) = sin � therefore ∫ � sin � �� = ∫(� − �) sin � ��

0 0
� �

ii. a. ∫ � sin � �� = ∫(� − �) sin � ��

0 0
�

= ∫(� sin � − � sin �) ��

0
� �

= ∫ πsin � �� − ∫ � sin � ��
0 0
� �

= � ∫ sin � �� − ∫ � sin � ��
0 0
� � �

�. ∫ � sin � �� = � ∫ sin � �� − ∫ � sin � ��

0 0 0
� �

2 ∫ � sin � �� = � ∫ sin � ��
0 0

�
= �[− cos �]
0
= �[(− cos �) − (− cos(0))]

= �[(−(−1)) − (−1)]
�

2 ∫ � sin � �� = 2�
0
�

∫ � sin � �� = �
0

82