International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics

Volume 116 No. 13 2017, 157-163

ISSN: 1311-8080 (printed version); ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)
url: http://www.ijpam.eu
Special Issue
ijpam.eu

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT (STP) OF

APPARTMENTS IN CHENNAI.

1
Aswathy.M, 2Hemapriya
1,2
Assistant professor, Department of Civil Engineering, BIST,
Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), Bharath University, Chennai.
1
aswathym026@gmail.com

Abstract; The project details with the study of domestic 1. Introduction

waste water collected by RUBY GRAND,AGARAM
main road MAPADU and sub sedquent design of
sewage treatment plant. The sample water collected
from corresponding apartment and characterization for
the same has been done and result has been provided
(pH, Total solid, Total dissolved solid, Alkanity,
Hardness, Chlorine, Iron, Ammonia, Nitrate,
Phosphate, Residual Chloride)The sewage treatment
plant is quiet necessary to receive the domestic and
commercial waste and removes the material with pose
harm from the general public. The objective is to
produce an environmentally sage fluid waste stream
and solid waste(or Treated sludge) suitable from the
disposal of reuse. Further the sewage treatment
plant(STP) has been detailed and described along with
auto cadd drawing both primary, secondary, has been
described screening, storage plant, activated sludge
process suitable for the disposal of reuse The sampling
of the domestic waste apartment have been done in
different time of the day to have an average date of the
measured parameter. The average value of pH total
dissolved solid hloride, Alkality, Hardness, Chlorine,
Iron, Ammonia, Nitrate, Phosphate, Residual Chloride
are found out. The sewage treatment plant design has
been given along the Auto Cadd process.
1.1 General
1.1.1 Sewage
Sewage treatment is the process of removing
contaminants from waste water & flat sewage, both
runoff (effluents) & domestic. It includes physical,
chemical and biological process to remove physical,
chemical and biological contaminants. Its objectives is
to produce a treated effluent and soil waste of sludge
suitable for discharge or re-use back in to the sewage
plant.. The material is often inadvertently contaminated
with many toxic organic and in-organic compound.
Sewage implies the collecting of waste water from
occupied area and conveying them to some point of
disposal. The liquid wastes will require treatment
before they are discharged into the water body or
otherwise disposed of without endangering the public
health or causing offensive conditions.As the cities
have grown, the more primitive method of excreta
disposal have gain place to the carried sewerage
system. Even in the small cities the greater safety of
sewerage, it convenience & freedom from nuisance
have caused it to be adopted where ever finance
permit.pose the greatest public health hazard. Waste
water which is not properly treated may eventually find
its way into a community[1-5] water source and spread
waterborne diseases[6-10].

3. Result and Discussion

Table 1. Results of physic-chemical characterization of waste water collected

from sewage treatment plant,Ruby builders

PARAMETERS STANDA TESTED

S.NO RD SAMPLE
VALUES
1 PH 6-5-8.5 7
2 TOTAL SOLID 2000mg/L 800mg/L

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International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

3 TOTAL 2000mg/L 1100mg/L

DISSOLVED
SOLID
4 ALKALINITY 600mg/L 650mg/L
5 HARDNESS 600mg/L 600mg/L
6 FLURIDE 0.1mg/L 1 mg/L
7 IRON 0.3mg/L 0.0mg/L
8 AMMONIA 0.5mg/L 5.0mg/L
9 NITRITE 10mg/L 0.2mg/L
10 PHOSPHATE 0.1mg/L 5.0mg/L
11 RESIDUAL 0.2mg/L 0.0mg/L
CHLORIDE

3.1 Incremental Increase Method

Calculation

Pn=Po +nx+(n+1)/2

INCREASE INCREMENTA
YEAR POPULATIO POPULATIO L INCREASE IN
N N POPULATION
1100
2017
1350 250
2018
1500 150 100
2019
The following point should be kept in mind while
P2047 = P2017 giving layout of any sewage treatment plant:
= 1100+250+150 ● All the plant should be located in the order of
= 1500 sequence, so that sewage from one process should
The population of ruby grand in 2047 is above 1500 directly go to other process.
peoples. As per census March 2017. ● If possible all the plant should be located at such
The water supply rate is calculated by TWAD is elevation that sewage can flow from one plant into
based on population. In Future it may be increased up next under its force of gravity only.
to 53LPCD. ● All the treatment units should be arranged in such a
The quantity of water supplied (assume) = 53LPCD way that minimum area is required it will also
in 2047 ensure economy in its cost.
Population in the area = 1500 ● Sufficient area should be occupied for future
Rate of water supplied = 53 x1500 extension.
= 79.500KLD ● Staff quarter and office also should be provided
As per cpheeo, the 80-85% quantity of water turns as near the treatment plant, so that operators can
sewage watch the plant easily.
= 79.50x103x103x80/100 ● The site of treatment plant should be very neat and
= 63.6KLD give very good appearance.
The quantity of water turns as sewage is 63.6KLD.
The peak flow rate of sewage is, 3.2 Design considerations
Peak factor = 3
Peak Flow = 3X63.6KLD Following points are considered during the design of
=191KLD sewage treatment unit:
Layout of Treatment Plant: ● The design period should be taken between 25 to
30 years.

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● The design should not be done on the hourly V = 64/12

sewage flow basis, but the average domestic flow = 5.33 m3/12hrs
basis. The diameter of the circular tank is calculated by
● Instead of providing one big unit for each treatment circular volume formula
more than two numbers small units should π/4xd2 x4 = 5.33
provided, which will provide in operation as well 0.785x d2x4=5.33
as no stoppage during maintenance and repair of D2=5.33/0.785x4
the plant. D = 1.302m
● Overflow weirs and the bypasses should be =1.3m
provided to cut the particular operation if desired. Hence provide 3tank of circular storage tank with
● Self cleaning velocity should develop at every diameter 16.3m.
place and stage.
● The design of the treatment units should be 4.3 Screening
economical; easy in maintenance should offer
flexibility in operation. The first unit operation generally encountered in
wastewater treatment plants is screening. A screen is a
4. Designing device with openings, generally of uniform size, that is
used to retain solids found in the influent wastewater to
4.1 Storage tank the treatment plant. The principal role of screening is to
remove course materials from the flow stream that
Storage tanks are containers that hold liquids, could:
compressed gases (gas tank) or mediums used for the 1. Damage subsequent process equipment.
short- or long-term storage of heat or cold. The term 2. Reduce overall treatment process reliability &
can be used for reservoirs (artificial lakes and ponds), effectiveness,
and for manufactured containers. Storage tanks are 3. Contaminate waste way
available in many shapes: vertical and horizontal There are two types of screening processes
cylindrical; open top and closed top; flat bottom, cone 1. Manually Operated
bottom, slope bottom and dish bottom. Large tanks tend 2. Automatically
to be vertical cylindrical, or to have rounded corners 1. Coarse screens (Bar Racks)
transition from vertical side wall to bottom profile, to 2. Fine screens
easier withstand hydraulic hydrostatically induced 3. Micro screens.
pressure of contained liquid[6-8]. Coarse Screens Micro Screening Fine Screens

4.2 Design of storage tank 4.4 Detritus Tank

The type of storage tank used here is circular. A detritus tank (or square tank degritter) is a constant-
The peak flow of sewage is 191 KLD. level, short-detention settling tank. These tanks require
The Volume of the storage tank is calculated below, a grit-washing step to remove organic material. One
Volume = capacity/cubic metre design option includes a grit auger and a rake that
= 191X103/103 removes and classifies grit from the grit sump[10-15].
= 190cu.m
The volume of the rectangular storage tank is 190 4.5 Design Criteria
m3/days .
Since volume of the tank is large the tanks are Detritus tanks are designed to keep horizontal velocity
divided into 3 tanks. and turbulence at a minimum while maintaining a
Volume = 190 detention time of 3 to 4minutes.Proper operation of a
= 190/3=63.33 detritus tank depends on well-distributed flow into the
Volume = 64 settling basin. Allowances are made for inlet and outlet
Hence provide 3 tank having volume of 64 turbulence as well as short circuiting by applying a
From IS 3370 part-4, the depth of the storage tank is to safety factor of 2.0 to the calculated overflow rate[17-
be 2m -4m. 20].
Assume depth of the circular tank = 4m
In the circular storage tank the water is only stored for
12hrs.Therefore, the volume of the storage tank is

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4.6 Designing
The velocity of sewage flow to the grit chamber is
0.2m/sec to 0.3m/sec.Now assuming the velocity of
flow is 0.2m/sec. In this tank the detention time is large
when compared to grit chamber[21-24].
Detention time is 3 to 4 minutes. Assuming the
detention time is 3 minutes. Since the average flow is 3
times the peak flow .Hence provide 3 detritus tank[13].
Average flow q = 0.138
The length of the detritus tank is calculated by
Length = velocity Detention time
= 0.2x3x60
L = 36m
Cross sectional area required
= discharge/velocity
= 0.138/0.2
A = 0.70m2
The overall depth of the detritus tank varies from 2.5m
to 3.5m
Assuming the depth of the tank is 3m
Width, B = area/depth
= 0.70/3
= 0.233m
Say B = 0.25m
Hence use 3 detritus tank of size 36m 0.25m
3m.one is kept in reserve.
At the top a free board of 0.3m may be provided
and the bottom a dead space depth of 0.45m for
collection of detritus may be provided.
Therefore the overall depth of the tank = Length of the tank = velocity of flow Detention time
3+0.3+0.45=3.75m
Tank will be 0.3m wide up to 3.3m depth and the sides
will slope down to form an elongated trough of 36m
length and 0.15m width at the bottom with rounded
corners.
5. Primary Treatment
Primary treatment consists of temporarily holding the
sewage in a quiescent basin where heavy solids can
settle to the bottom while oil, grease and lighter solids
float to the surface. The settled and floating materials
are removed and the remaining liquid may be
discharged or subjected to secondary treatment [25-28].
5.1 Sedimentation Tank
A sedimentation tank allows suspended particles to
settle out of water or wastewater as it flows slowly
through the tank, thereby providing some degree of
purification. A layer of accumulated solids, called
sludge, forms at the bottom of the tank and is
periodically removed.
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5.2 Types
There are two basic types of sedimentation tank
designs: the rectangular and circular designs. The
rectangular tank is designed with an effluent inlet at
one end of the tank and an outlet pipe for liquids that
have passed through the sedimentation process at the
other end of the tank. The rectangular tank relies on the
large solid particles settling as they pass slowly through
the tank. By the time the liquid reaches the outlet pipe
the larger particles have settled to the bottom of the
tank. Circular tanks are designed differently, with an
inlet pipe at the bottom of the tank positioned close to a
sludge removal pipe. The removal pipes for cleaner
liquids are located close to the surface of the tank[29-
30].
5.3 Design of Rectangular Sedimentation Tank
The quantity of sewage entering to the sedimentation
tank is 0.348 /sec.
Detention period = 2 t0 4hrs (usually 2hours).Flowing
through velocity should not be more than 0.3m/min.
Capacity of the tank = sewage flow Detention period
= 0.370x2x60x60
= 2670cu.m
Since the capacity of the tank require is larger.
Therefore the capacity is divided into 3 tanks.
Capacity of the tank = 2670/3=890
cu.m
= 0.2x2x 60
= 24
L = 24/3=8m
Cross sectional area = Capacity /Length
= 833.33/24
A = 37.08
The depth of the sedimentation tank ranges between
2.4m to 3.6m.Assuming the depth of the tank is 3m.
Width = area/depth
= 34.72/3
= 12.57m
Freeboard =0.5m.Overall depth of the tank is 3.5m.
Hence provide 3 rectangular sedimentation tank of size
24m x12.57mx3.5m.Three
tanks are kept in working condition and one is for
reserve.
5.4 Secondary Treatment
The objective of secondary treatment is the further
treatment of the effluent from primary treatment to
remove the residual organics and suspended solids. In
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics
most cases, secondary treatment follows primary
treatment[14].
5.5 Introduction Of Sludge
In the context of wastewater treatment residual is used
to refer “sludge”. The term sludge refers to the solids
that are settled and separated during wastewater
treatment. It is necessary to treat properly or dispose
the sludge generated during the various stages of
wastewater treatment like primary sedimentation,
secondary sedimentation and sludge generated from
advanced (tertiary) treatment, if any. The quantity of
sludge generated depends upon the degree of treatment
or quality of treated effluent required i.e., higher the
degree of wastewater treatment, the larger the quantity
of sludge to be treated and handled. Because of strict
rules and regulations involving the handling and
disposal of sludge, it has become necessary to reduce
the volume of sludge in order to reduce the operating
costs (approximately 50% of the plant cost) of
treatment plants[15]. Hence a properly designed and
efficiently operated sludge processing and disposal
system is essential to the overall success of the
wastewater treatment plant. The sludge generated
during the wastewater treatment can be classified into
three categories:
Primary Sludge: Sludge settled in primary settling
tanks comes under this category which contains 3% to
7% solids out of which approximately 60% to 80% are
organic. Primary sludge solids are usually gray in
colour, slimy, fairly coarse, and with highly obnoxious
odours. This sludge is difficult to dewater without
treatment, hence digestion is necessary. This type of
sludge can be digested readily by aerobic or anaerobic
bacteria under favourable operating conditions.
Secondary Sludge: This type of sludge from secondary
settling tanks has commonly a brownish, flocculent
appearance and an earthy odour. It consists mainly of
microorganism containing 75% to 90% organic fraction
and remaining inert materials. The organic matter may
be assumed to have a specific gravity of 1.01 to 1.05,
depending on its source, whereas the inorganic particles
have high a specific gravity of about 2.5[16-18].
5.6 Sludge Digestion
Any sludge is treated using a variety of digestion
techniques, the purpose of which is to reduce the
amount of organic matter and the number of disease-
causing microorganisms present in the solids. The most
common treatment options include anaerobic digestion,
aerobic digestion, and composting.
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Special Issue
5.7 Design of sedimentation tank
Data:
Capacity = 10x103 litres
Size of tank = 8x12.57x35
Free board = 0.
Figure 1. Design of STP using Auto Cadd
6. Conclusion
Therefore the project that we took in RUBY GRAND
ABOUT THE SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT
relating the design and analysis has been successfully
carried out and completed with the requiring details and
informations that is related and hence the process,
nature, requirements, sample and tests which has been
in accordance to the project has been conducted by our
team and under.
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