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10 - Chapter 4-2 PDF
10 - Chapter 4-2 PDF
' Alvin Toffler, Future Shock (new-York: Random House, 1981) p, 75.
^ Ibid, p, 75.
^ Ibid, p, 421.
* Ibid, p, 378-79.
178
'^ David E Jones, The Play's of T.S. EJliot (London: Earnest Benn Ltd,
1965) pp, 133-34.
184
Here we can see the Greek wisdom; gods control the fates
of human beings. One can not overrule them. If they attempt
to do so, more severe will be the repercussions. Oracles used
to convey the will of gods. And they were always realised,
though in whatever way people tried to avoid them. Human
beings are greedy; they run after desires. Edward's
189
'^Alvin Toffler, Future Shock (New York: Random House, 1981), p, 471
190
'* David E Jones, The Play's of T.S. Eliot (London: Earnest Benn Ltd,
1965) p, 138.
^^ Ibid, p, 124.
191
20 •
Alcestis, Whitney's Gates & Eugene O'Neil, Jr. The Complete Greek
Drama, 13"''' ed. 2-vols. (New York: Random House. 1938) p, 715.
^^ Trammel, Mute Alcestis, John R Wilson, Ed., Twentieth Century-
Interpretation of Euripides Alcestis (Englewood Cliff, NJ: Prentice Hall,
1968) p, 91.
193
"Alvin Toffler, Future Shock (New York: Random House, 1981) p, 420.
198
28
Conachar D.J. Rpt Albin Lesky, Tragedy (Trans) H.A.Franfort
(London: Earnest Benn Ltd.1965) p, 18.
200
^^ Alvin Toffler, Future Shock (New York: Random House, 1981) p, 338.
•'^ Swaitii Adidevananda, Brihadaranyaka Upanishad (Mysore: Sri
Ramakrishna ashram, 1959) P, 357.
203
"Crover Smith, T.S. Eliot's Poetry and Plays: A Study in Sources and
Meaning {Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1950) p, 216.
204
^* Ibid, p, 218.
^= Ibid, p, 225.
Arnold Hinchcliffe, T.S. Eliot's Plays (London: Macmillan
Education Ltd, 1985) p, 159.
205
noise and think that they are talking to each other; they make
faces, and think that they understand each other. Her second
symptom is a sense of sin.
Reilly asks Celia to elaborate what is that she calls
sin. She feels that it is emptiness, of failure towards
someone, or something outside her and that she should atone
for it. She eagerly asks Reilly if he can cure a patient with
such a state of mind. This reminds us again of the Lady
Macbeth's famous words, ^Canst thou not minister to a mind
diseased'?^^ The doctor after observing Lady Macbeth declares
that 'More she needs divine than the physician' .^^ Reilly wants
to clarify her opinion about her relationship with that man
(Edward). she reveals that she thought that she was giving so
much love to him; and he to her. Giving and taking seined
right for them together. Then she found they are strangers.
Did they simply make use of each other? There was neither
giving nor taking. She wonders if they loved something
created by their own imagination. Are they all, in fact
unlovable and un-loving? Then one is alone and if one is
alone, then lover and beloved are equally unreal. The dreamer
is no more real than his dream.
Celia's mental state is better explained in terms of
India's famous Advaitha philosopher Shankara Bhagavatpada
whose teachings were known to Eliot through Paul Duson's the
Upanishads and the system of the Vedanta. Shankara's
influence on Eliot can be felt in 'Gerontion'. His [teaching
can be summarised thus. 'Only God is real and the world is
unreal'. (Brahma sathya jaganmithya). He gives his famous
comparison about illusion (Maya). A person given over to
illusion'sees a rope; he perceives it as a serpent. When this
illusion is removed by the love o"f God, the embodied soul
identifies itself with God and merges with God. This is
However the two have the same goal: the union with God. A
sage has in his death consciousness of the oneness with
Brahman, and is undisturbed with the fate of the physical
body. Reilly, after knowing the knowledge of her selection,
deliberately asks what she thinks of Edward and her relation
with him. Celia's answer reveals how worldly and weak is
Edward:
Like a child who has wandered into a f o r e s t .
And suddenly discovers he i s only a c h i l d
Lost in a forest, wanting to go home. CPP. P, 416
R e i l l y responds t h a t 'Compassion' may be already a clue
towards finding her own way out of the f o r e s t . (CPP 416)
Celia answers t h a t the memory of her useless searching for the
^^ Cleo Mac Nelly Kearns, T, S. Eliot and Indie Studies: A Study in
Poetry and Belief (Cambridge: Press Syndicate of t h e UP, 1987) p , 46.
207
•*' David E Jones, The Play's of T.S. Eliot (London: Earnest Benn Ltd,
1965) p.
^° Ibid, p, 150.
5^ Ibid., p, 150.
213
^' Helen Gardner, T.S. Eliot: The Man and His Work, Allen Tate, Ed.
(New York: Dell Publishing House co. Ltd, 1976) p, 152.
^° 'Heracles and Pheres', Thomas G Rosenmayer rpt John R Wilson,
Ed., TiventietA Century Inteorpretation of Euripides Alcestisj Englewood
Cliff, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1968)p, 72.
218