FUNGAL INFECTIONS

AND
ANTIFUNGAL

RE-ARRANGED BY

EKO S. PRIBADI

Slide Background http://www.tempeh.info/science/rhizopus.php

 HOST/PATHOGEN BALANCE

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 MYCOSES will be
caused by….

• Keratinases

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 DEATH CAUSED BY INVASIVE
MYCOSES

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 COMPARISON OF INVASIVE
MYCOSES CASES1

1Pfaller,
M.A and Diekema, DJ. 2007. Epidemiology of Invasive Candidiasis: a Persistent Public
Health Problems. Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 20(1): 133–163.

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 FACTORS ARE GOING TO INCREASING…1

MYCOSES CASES
1) USING IMMUNOSUPPRESIVE
DRUGS
2) PATIENTS OF AUTOIMMUNE
DISEASES
3) PATIENT OF CANCER

1Murphy, JW. 1993. Fungal Infections and Immune Responses. Murphy, JW. et al. (edit.). Plenum Press, NY.

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 IMMUNOSUPPRESIVE DRUGS

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 INFECTION MECHANISM OF1

FUNGI
1) WALL CELLS: CHITIN, GLUCAN, MANNAN
AND PEPTIDOGLICAN

2) CHANGE OF STRUCTURE: NOT INFECTIVE

(MICELIAL FORMS) TO INFEKTIF
STRUCTURE (YEAST FORMS)

1Murphy, JW. 1993. Fungal Infections and Immune Responses. Murphy, JW. et al. (edit.). Plenum Press, NY.

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Morphology, size and chemistry
characters of fungi :

• influence the penetration way to

host
• influence the attachment of
fungal cell to host surface
• interact to host immune system

Referensi:
Cutler, JE. 1991. Putative virulence factors of Candida albicans. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 45: 187-281

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 RESPONSE DIFFERENTIATION TO
GERM TUBE AND BLASTOSPORE
• The actin polymerized around the germ tube portions
of live organisms more frequently than it did around
the blastospore portions.
• The candidal ligand (s) that is recognized by
endothelial cell receptors either binds with higher
affinity or is present in higher numbers on the germ
tubes.
• Different ligands may be present on the surface of
germinated organisms by comparison with those on
blastospores. For instance, the surface antigens of C.
albicans are known to change significantly when the
organism undergoes transformation from the
blastospore to the germinated form(1, 2).

1Brawner, D. L., and J. E. Cutler. 1986. Variability in expression of cell surface antigens of Candida albicans during
morphogenesis. Infect. Immun. 51:337–343.
2Mayer, C. L., R. D. Diamond, and J. E. Edwards, Jr. 1990. Recognition of binding sites on Candida albicans by monoclonal

antibodies to human leukocyte antigens. Infect. Immun. 58:3765–3769.

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 MYCOSES
Base on type of infection1:

FUNGAL INFECTION (CUTANEUS,

SUBCUTANEUS, SYSTEMIC, OPPORTUNISTIC)

ALERGY
MYCOTOXICOSES

1Murphy, JW. 1993. Fungal Infections and Immune Responses. Murphy, JW. et al. (edit.). Plenum Press, NY.

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 REPAIR HOST-PATOGENS BALANCE

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CURRENTLY AVAILABLE ANTIFUNGAL

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 MECHANISM OF ANTIFUNGAL AGENT

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 MECHANISM OF ANTIFUNGAL AGENT
(cont’d)

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 GENERAL PATTERNS OF
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF Candida SPECIES

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 ECHINOCANDINS:
Mechanism of Resistance

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 POLYENES:
Mechanism of Resistance

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 POLYENES:
Spectrum of Activity

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 AZOLES:
Mechanism of Resistance

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 NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGES:
Mechanism of Resistance

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