Principles of Public – Key

Cryptosystems
Misconceptions Concerning Public-Key
Encryption

• Public-key encryption is more secure from cryptanalysis

than symmetric encryption

• Public-key encryption has made symmetric encryption

obsolete
 Principles of Public – Key
Cryptosystems
Public-key cryptography evolved to
address the two limitations of symmetric
encryption

• Key Distribution : Secure communication without having

to trust a third party with your key

• Digital Signature: How to verify that a message comes

intact from the claimed sender
 Public – Key Cryptosystems

Public-key encryption scheme has six

ingredients
• Plain Text : Input Message or Information
• Encryption Algorithm: Performs various transformations
on the plaintext
• Public Key : for encryption
• Private key : for decryption
• Cipher Text: Scrambled message
• Decryption Algorithm: Produces original message
 Public – Key Cryptosystems

Essential Steps involved are

• Each user generates a pair of keys

• Each user place one key in public register and companion

key is kept private
Public – Key Cryptosystems
Public – Key Cryptosystems
Public – Key Cryptosystems
Conventional and Public-Key Encryption
Public – Key Cryptosystems: Secrecy

Essential Steps involved are

• Plain text : X= [ X1, X2, ….XM]
• Public key : KUb
• Private key : KRb
• Cipher Text: Y= [Y1, Y2, ….YN]
• Y = EKUb (X)
• X = DKRb (Y)
Public – Key Cryptosystems: Secrecy
Public – Key Cryptosystems: Authentication

• Y = EKRa (X)
• X = DKUa (Y)
Public – Key Cryptosystems: Secrecy &
Authentication

• Z = EKUb [EKRa (X)]

• X = DKUa [ DKRb (Z)]
Applications for Public – Key Cryptosystems

Public-key cryptosystems can be classified into

three categories:
• Encryption/decryption: The sender encrypts a message
with the recipient’s public key
• Digital signature: The sender “signs” a message with its
private key
• Key exchange: Two sides cooperate to exchange a session
key