1. Ms. Caputo is newly-promoted to a patient care manager position.

She updates her

knowledge on the theories in management and leadership in order to become effective in her
new role. She learns that some managers have low concern for services and high concern for
staff. Which style of management refers to this?

A. Organization Man
B. Impoverished Management
C. Country Club Management
D. Team Management

2. Her former manager demonstrated passion for serving her staff rather than being served.
She takes time to listen, prefers to be a teacher first before being a leader, which is
characteristic of

A. Transformational leader
B. Transactional leader
C. Servant leader
D. Charismatic leader

3. On the other hand, Ms. Caputo notices that the Chief Nurse Executive has charismatic
leadership style. Which of the following behaviors best describes this style?

A. Possesses inspirational quality that makes followers gets attracted of him and regards him with
reverence
B. Acts as he does because he expects that his behavior will yield positive results
C. Uses visioning as the core of his leadership
D. Matches his leadership style to the situation at hand.

4. Which of the following conclusions of Ms. Caputo about leadership characteristics is

TRUE?

A. There is a high correlation between the communication skills of a leader and the ability to get the
job done.
B. A manager is effective when he has the ability to plan well.
C. Assessment of personal traits is a reliable tool for predicting a manager’s potential.
D. There is good evidence that certain personal qualities favor success in managerial role.
5. She reads about Path Goal theory. Which of the following behaviors is manifested by the
leader who uses this theory?

A. Recognizes staff for going beyond expectations by giving them citations

B. Challenges the staff to take individual accountability for their own practice
C. Admonishes staff for being laggards.
D. Reminds staff about the sanctions for non performance.

6. One leadership theory states that “leaders are born and not made,” which refers to which of
the following theories?

A. Trait
B. Charismatic
C. Great Man
D. Situational

7. She came across a theory which states that the leadership style is effective dependent on the
situation. Which of the following styles best fits a situation when the followers are self-
directed, experts and are matured individuals?

A. Democratic
B. Authoritarian
C. Laissez faire
D. Bureaucratic

8. She surfs the internet for more information about leadership styles. She reads about shared
leadership as a practice in some magnet hospitals. Which of the following describes this style
of leadership?

A. Leadership behavior is generally determined by the relationship between the leader’s personality
and the specific situation
B. Leaders believe that people are basically good and need not be closely controlled
C. Leaders rely heavily on visioning and inspire members to achieve results
D. Leadership is shared at the point of care.

9. Ms. Caputo learns that some leaders are transactional leaders. Which of the following does
NOT characterize a transactional leader?
A. Focuses on management tasks
B. Is a caretaker
C. Uses trade-offs to meet goals
D. Inspires others with vision

10. She finds out that some managers have benevolent-authoritative style of management.
Which of the following behaviors will she exhibit most likely?

A. Have condescending trust and confidence in their subordinates

B. Gives economic or ego awards
C. Communicates downward to the staff
D. Allows decision making among subordinates

11. Henry is a Unit Manager I the Medical Unit. He is not satisfied with the way things are
going in his unit. Patient satisfaction rate is 60% for two consecutive months and staff morale
is at its lowest. He decides to plan and initiate changes that will push for a turnaround in the
condition of the unit. Which of the following actions is a priority for Henry?

A. Call for a staff meeting and take this up in the agenda.

B. Seek help from her manager.
C. Develop a strategic action on how to deal with these concerns.
D. Ignore the issues since these will be resolved naturally.

12. He knows that there are external forces that influence changes in his unit. Which of the
following is NOT an external force?

A. Memo from the CEO to cut down on electrical consumption

B. Demands of the labor sector to increase wages
C. Low morale of staff in his unit
D. Exacting regulatory and accreditation standards

13. After discussing the possible effects of the low patient satisfaction rate, the staff started to
list down possible strategies to solve the problems head-on. Should they decide to vote on the
best change strategy, which of the following strategies is referred to this?

A. Collaboration
B. Majority rule
C. Dominance
D. Compromise

14. One staff suggests that they review the pattern of nursing care that they are using, which is
described as a:

A. job description
B. system used to deliver care
C. manual of procedure
D. rules to be followed

15. Which of the following is TRUE about functional nursing?

A. Concentrates on tasks and activities

B. Emphasizes use of group collaboration
C. One-to-one nurse-patient ratio
D. Provides continuous, coordinated and comprehensive nursing services

16. Functional nursing has some advantages, which one is an EXCEPTION?

A. Psychological and sociological needs are emphasized.

B. Great control of work activities.
C. Most economical way of delivering nursing services.
D. Workers feel secure in dependent role

17. He raised the issue on giving priority to patient needs. Which of the following offers the
best way for setting priority?

A. Assessing nursing needs and problems

B. Giving instructions on how nursing care needs are to be met
C. Controlling and evaluating the delivery of nursing care
D. Assigning safe nurse: patient ratio

18. Which of the following is the best guarantee that the patient’s priority needs are met?

A. Checking with the relative of the patient

B. Preparing a nursing care plan in collaboration with the patient
C. Consulting with the physician
D. Coordinating with other members of the team

19. When Henry uses team nursing as a care delivery system, he and his team need to assess
the priority of care for a group of patients, which of the following should be a priority?

A. Each patient as listed on the worksheet

B. Patients who needs least care
C. Medications and treatments required for all patients
D. Patients who need the most care

20. He is hopeful that his unit will make a big turnaround in the succeeding months. Which of
the following actions of Henry demonstrates that he has reached the third stage of change?

A. Wonders why things are not what it used to be

B. Finds solutions to the problems
C. Integrate the solutions to his day-to-day activities
D. Selects the best change strategy

21. Joey is a newly-appointed nurse manager of The Holy Spirit Medical Center, a tertiary
hospital located within the heart of the metropolis. He thinks of scheduling planning
workshop with his staff in order to ensure an effective and efficient management of the
department. Should he decide to conduct a strategic planning workshop, which of the
following is NOT a characteristic of this activity?

A. Long-term goal-setting
B. Extends to 3-5 years in the future
C. Focuses on routine tasks
D. Determines directions of the organization

22. Which of the following statements refer to the vision of the hospital?

A. The Holy Spirit Medical Center is a trendsetter in tertiary health care in the next five year
B. The officers and staff of The Holy Spirit Medical Center believe in the unique nature of the
human person
C. All the nurses shall undergo continuing competency training program.
D. The Holy Spirit Medical Center aims to provide a patient-centered care in a total healing
environment.
23. The statement, “The Holy Spirit Medical Center aims to provide patient-centered care in a
total healing environment” refers to which of the following?

A. Vision
B. Goal
C. Philosophy
D. Mission

24. Joey plans to revisit the organizational chart of the department. He plans to create a new
position of a Patient Educator who has a coordinating relationship with the head nurse in the
unit. Which of the following will likely depict this organizational relationship?

A. Box
B. Solid line
C. Broken line
D. Dotted line

25. He likewise stresses the need for all the employees to follow orders and instructions from
him and not from anyone else. Which of the following principles does he refer to?

A. Scalar chain
B. Discipline
C. Unity of command
D. Order

26. Joey orients his staff on the patterns of reporting relationship throughout the organization.
Which of the following principles refer to this?

A. Span of control
B. Hierarchy
C. Esprit d’ corps
D. Unity of direction

27. He emphasizes to the team that they need to put their efforts together towards the
attainment of the goals of the program. Which of the following principles refers to this?

A. Span of control
B. Unity of direction
C. Unity of command
D. Command responsibility

28. Joey stresses the importance of promoting ‘esprit d corps’ among the members of the unit.
Which of the following remarks of the staff indicates that they understand what he pointed
out?

A. “Let’s work together in harmony; we need to be supportive of one another”

B. “In order that we achieve the same results; we must all follow the directives of Julius and not
from other managers.”
C. “We will ensure that all the resources we need are available when needed.”
D. “We need to put our efforts together in order to raise the bar of excellence in the care we provide
to all our patients.”

29. He discusses the goal of the department. Which of the following statements is a goal?

A. Increase the patient satisfaction rate

B. Eliminate the incidence of delayed administration of medications
C. Establish rapport with patients.
D. Reduce response time to two minutes.

30. He wants to influence the customary way of thinking and behaving that is shared by the
members of the department. Which of the following terms refer to this?

A. Organizational chart
B. Cultural network
C. Organizational structure
D. Organizational culture

31. He asserts the importance of promoting a positive organizational culture in their unit.
Which of the following behaviors indicate that this is attained by the group?

A. Proactive and caring with one another

B. Competitive and perfectionist
C. Powerful and oppositional
D. Obedient and uncomplaining
32. Stephanie is a new Staff Educator of a private tertiary hospital. She conducts orientation
among new staff nurses in her department. Joseph, one of the new staff nurses, wants to
understand the channel of communication, span of control and lines of communication. Which
of the following will provide this information?

A. Organizational structure
B. Policy
C. Job description
D. Manual of procedures

33. Stephanie is often seen interacting with the medical intern during coffeebreaks and after
duty hours. What type of organizational structure is this?

A. Formal
B. Informal
C. Staff
D. Line

34. She takes pride in saying that the hospital has a decentralized structure. Which of the
following is NOT compatible with this type of model?

A. Flat organization
B. Participatory approach
C. Shared governance
D. Tall organization

35. Centralized organizations have some advantages. Which of the following statements are
TRUE?

1. Highly cost-effective
2. Makes management easier
3. Reflects the interest of the worker
4. Allows quick decisions or actions.

A. 1 & 2
B. 2 & 4
C. 2, 3& 4
D. 1, 2, & 4
36. Stephanie delegates effectively if she has authority to act, which is BEST defined as:

A. having responsibility to direct others

B. being accountable to the organization
C. having legitimate right to act
D. telling others what to do

37. Regardless of the size of a work group, enough staff must be available at all times to
accomplish certain purposes. Which of these purposes is NOT included?

A. Meet the needs of patients

B. Provide a pair of hands to other units as needed
C. Cover all time periods adequately.
D. Allow for growth and development of nursing staff.

38. Which of the following guidelines should be least considered in formulating objectives for
nursing care?

A. Written nursing care plan

B. Holistic approach
C. Prescribed standards
D. Staff preferences

39. Stephanie considers shifting to transformational leadership. Which of the following

statements best describes this type of leadership?

A. Uses visioning as the essence of leadership.

B. Serves the followers rather than being served.
C. Maintains full trust and confidence in the subordinates
D. Possesses innate charisma that makes others feel good in his presence.

40. As a manager, she focuses her energy on both the quality of services rendered to the
patients as well as the welfare of the staff of her unit. Which of the following management
styles does she adopt?

A. Country club management

B. Organization man management
C. Team management
D. Authority-obedience management

Answers and Rationale

Answers and rationale are given below for this exam. Check your correct answers and read the
rationales for additional learning. Tell us your scores on the comments section.

1. Answer: C. Country Club Management

Country club management style puts concern for the staff as number one priority at the expense of
the delivery of services. He/she runs the department just like a country club where everyone is
happy including the manager.

2. Answer: C. Servant leader

Servant leaders are open-minded, listen deeply, try to fully understand others and not being
judgmental

3. Answer: A. Possesses inspirational quality that makes followers gets attracted of him and
regards him with reverence

Charismatic leaders make the followers feel at ease in their presence. They feel that they are in good
hands whenever the leader is around.

4. Answer: C. Assessment of personal traits is a reliable tool for predicting a manager’s

potential.

It is not conclusive that certain qualities of a person would make him become a good manager. It
can only predict a manager’s potential of becoming a good one.

5. Answer: A. Recognizes staff for going beyond expectations by giving them citations

Path Goal theory according to House and associates rewards good performance so that others would
do the same

6. Answer: C. Great Man

Leaders become leaders because of their birth right. This is also called Genetic theory or the
Aristotelian theory

7. Answer: C. Laissez faire

Laissez faire leadership is preferred when the followers know what to do and are experts in the
field. This leadership style is relationship-oriented rather than task-centered.

8. Answer: D. Leadership is shared at the point of care.

Shared governance allows the staff nurses to have the authority, responsibility and accountability
for their own practice.

9. Answer: D. Inspires others with vision

Inspires others with a vision is characteristic of a transformational leader. He is focused more on the
day-to-day operations of the department/unit.

10. Answer: A. Have condescending trust and confidence in their subordinates

Benevolent-authoritative managers pretentiously show their trust and confidence to their followers

11. Answer: A. Call for a staff meeting and take this up in the agenda.

This will allow for the participation of every staff in the unit. If they contribute to the solutions of
the problem, they will own the solutions; hence the chance for compliance would be greater.

12. Answer: C. Low morale of staff in his unit

Low morale of staff is an internal factor that affects only the unit. All the rest of the options emanate
from the top executive or from outside the institution.

13. Answer: B. Majority rule

Majority rule involves dividing the house and the highest vote wins. 1/2 + 1 is a majority.

14. Answer: B. system used to deliver care

A system used to deliver care. In the 70’s it was termed as methods of patient assignment; in the
early 80’s it was called modalities of patient care then patterns of nursing care in the 90’s until
recently authors called it nursing care systems.

15. Answer: A. Concentrates on tasks and activities

Functional nursing is focused on tasks and activities and not on the holistic care of the patients

16. Answer: A. Psychological and sociological needs are emphasized.

When the functional method is used, the psychological and sociological needs of the patients are
neglected; the patients are regarded as ‘tasks to be done ‘

17. Answer: A. Assessing nursing needs and problems

This option follows the framework of the nursing process at the same time applies the management
process of planning, organizing, directing and controlling

18. Answer: B. Preparing a nursing care plan in collaboration with the patient

The best source of information about the priority needs of the patient is the patient himself. Hence
using a nursing care plan based on his expressed priority needs would ensure meeting his needs
effectively.

19. Answer: D. Patients who need the most care

In setting priorities for a group of patients, those who need the most care should be number-one
priority to ensure that their critical needs are met adequately. The needs of other patients who need
less care ca be attended to later or even delegated to assistive personnel according to rules on
delegation.

20. Answer: C. Integrate the solutions to his day-to-day activities

Integrate the solutions to his day-to-day activities is expected to happen during the third stage of
change when the change agent incorporate the selected solutions to his system and begins to create a
change.

21. Answer: C. Focuses on routine tasks

Strategic planning involves options A, B and D except C which is attributed to operational planning

22. Answer: A. The Holy Spirit Medical Center is a trendsetter in tertiary health care in the
next five years

A vision refers to what the institution wants to become within a particular period of time.

23. Answer: B. Goal

24. Answer: C. Broken line

This is a staff relationship hence it is depicted by a broken line in the organizational structure

25. Answer: C. Unity of command

The principle of unity of command means that employees should receive orders coming from only
one manager and not from two managers. This averts the possibility of sowing confusion among the
members of the organization

26. Answer: B. Hierarchy

Hierarchy refers to the pattern of reporting or the formal line of authority in an organizational
structure.

27. Answer: B. Unity of direction

Unity of direction means having one goal or one objective for the team to pursue; hence all
members of the organization should put their efforts together towards the attainment of their
common goal or objective.

28. Answer: A. “Let’s work together in harmony; we need to be supportive of one another”

The principle of ‘esprit d’ corps’ refers to promoting harmony in the workplace, which is essential
in maintaining a climate conducive to work.

29. Answer: A. Increase the patient satisfaction rate

Goal is a desired result towards which efforts are directed.

30. Answer: D. Organizational culture

An organizational culture refers to the way the members of the organization think together and do
things around them together. It’s their way of life in that organization

31. Answer: A. Proactive and caring with one another

32. Answer: A. Organizational structure

Organizational structure provides information on the channel of authority, (i.e., who reports to
whom and with what authority) the number of people who directly reports to the various levels of
hierarchy and the lines of communication whether line or staff.

33. Answer: B. Informal

This is usually not published and oftentimes concealed.

34. Answer: D. Tall organization

Tall organizations are highly centralized organizations where decision making is centered on one
authority level.

35. Answer: A. 1 & 2

Centralized organizations are needs only a few managers hence they are less expensive and easier to
manage

36. Answer: C. having legitimate right to act

Authority is a legitimate or official right to give command. This is an officially sanctioned

responsibility

37. Answer: B. Provide a pair of hands to other units as needed

Providing a pair of hands for other units is not a purpose in doing an effective staffing process. This
is a function of a staffing coordinator at a centralized model.

38. Answer: D. Staff preferences

Staff preferences should be the least priority in formulating objectives of nursing care. Individual
preferences should be subordinate to the interest of the patients.

39. Answer: A. Uses visioning as the essence of leadership.

Transformational leadership relies heavily on visioning as the core of leadership.

40. Answer: C. Team management

Team management has a high concern for services and high concern for staff.