UWB 10802

JAPANESE LANGUAGE (I)

SEMESTER 1, SESSION 2017/18

CHAPTER 7
GRAMMATICAL NOTES

PN. SITI HAJAR BINTI BIDIN

CENTRE FOR LANGUAGE STUDIES
UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
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1. N (place) へ
いきます／きます／かえります
2. どこ（へ）も いきません／いきませんでした
3. N (vehicle) で
いきます／きます／かえります
4. N (person) と Vます
5. いつ

2
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When a verb indicates movement to a certain place, the particle “e” is

put after the place noun to show the direction of the move.

Example 1: Toukyou e ikimasu.

Meaning: I will go to Kyoto.

Example 2: Nihon e kimashita.

Meaning: I came to Japan.

Example 3: Uchi e kaerimasu.

Meaning: I will go home.

Note : The particle へ is read “e”.

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When an interrogative takes the particle “mo” and the verb following it is
negative, all that is represented by the interrogative is denied.

Example 4: Doko [e] mo ikimasen.

Meaning: I don’t go anywhere.

Example 5: Nani [mo] tabemasen.

Meaning: I don’t eat anything.

Example 6: Dare mo imasen.

Meaning: Nobody is there.
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The particle “de” indicates a means or a method.

When verbs denoting movement (ikimasu, kimasu, kaerimasu, etc.)

are used with “de”, “de” indicates a means of transportation.

The noun preceding “de” is a vehicle in this case.

Example 7: Densha de ikimasu.

Meaning: I’ll go by train.

Example 8: Takushii de kimashita.

Meaning: I came by taxi.
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When you walk somewhere, you use the expression “aruite”.

In this case, “de” is not used.

Example 9: Eki kara aruite kaerimashita.

Meaning: I walked home from the station.

Example 10: Aruite gakkou e ikimasu.

Meaning: I walk to school.
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When you do something with a person (or an animal), the person (or the
animal) is marked with the particle “to”.

Example 11: Kazoku to Nihon e kimashita.

Meaning: I came to Japan with my family.

If you do something alone, the expression “hitori de” is used.

In this case, “to” is not used.

Example 12: Hitori de Toukyou e ikimasu.

Meaning: I’ll go to Tokyo alone.
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To ask about time, the interrogative using “Nan” such as “Nan-ji”, “Nan-youbi”
and “Nan-gatsu Nan-nichi” are used.
Other than these, the interrogative “itsu” (when) is also used to ask when
something will happen/happened.
“Itsu” does not take the particle “ni”.

Example 13: Itsu Nihon e kimashita ka.

… 3-gatsu 25-nichi ni kimashita.
Meaning: When did you come to Japan?
… I came on March 25th.

Example 14: Itsu Kuara Runpuuru e ikimasu ka.

… Raishuu ikimasu.
Meaning: When will you go to Kuala Lumpur?
… I’ll go there next week.