‘1 HAPTE“ 3

'otations and Glide Reflections

.1 BOTATIONS

We have seen that a composition of two line reflections is a half turn if the axes of reHection are
perpendicular, and that such a product is I translation if the axes are parallel. In this section we
consider the composition of two reflections in lines which are neither perpendicular nor parallel. You
will find that a familiarity with such products will enable us to solve easily a problem like this: Given a
line 3, a circle 0’, and a point A as indicated in F igure 3.1; End a square ABCD such that B lies

on gand D on ’6.

F10. 3.1

To set the stage for our investigation of such composite mappings we must introduce some
terminology which deals with angles. First, recall that an angle is a union of two noncollinear rays
which have a common and point. Now we describe a particular kind of an angle. using a deB. nition
which parallels that given for a directed segment

DEFINITION. A directed angle is an angle one ray of which has been designated the initial side and
the other my the terminal side.

1i

To indicate that a given LABC is a directed angle with EX the initial side and EC. the terminal side, we
use the symbol AABC. Likewise LCBA is used to denote the directed angle which has 58 as its initial

side and 37% as its terminal side.

In our earlier study of geometry, every angle ABC was assigned a measure between 0 and 180,
denoted by mLABC. Now we wish to make similar assignments to directed angles. Accordingly we
shall adopt the following convention.
mAABC =mLABC if the orientation of the triple (BAG) (8 counterclockwise, and mAABC = -(m4ABC) if
the orientation of (BAG) (3 clockwise.

C D I F C B A E H mZABC=45 m/JDEF--45 mZCHl150 M T Y N 8 Z R x P mZPNM-..99 m£R$T<o mZXYZ>0

F”:3.3

Sbte that if LABC is any angle. then AABC = z. CBA. 80d 3° m LABC .LCBA. However, for any directed
angle ABC. we have

mZABC B-(mZCBA)

e the o ' t ' ' t of the ple (8013?“ anon Of (BAC) is always opposue tha

3‘he ordered

\ x I. a

H No nonperpcud'uclar Imm nntctscct they tom two pun of \uttul angles; m one pm the angles are
acme and m the othet they .m: uhts \e In speaking of the muture of the angle between two lune). or
sm I Iy (he tngle between two lmes, we tefer to the acute angtes bcmet n the mes. Thus m Future 3
4. the measure of the angle between g and t IS 70. while the measure of the angle between g end 2 u
80

In the wart ahead tt Wt“ also be useful to cute the angle from one lme to anothet. To explam thu.
suppose that g end g tntersect at A. that P

u my pomt on g. and that B and C are pomts on gsuch thatA ts between B and C.

mu 3

If LPAB is ecute, then we say thet the eagle from g to 5 ts the dnrected engle PAB; otherwise the
angle from g to t_ is LPAC. Thus m Figure 3.5. If mLPAB 150 then the measure of the angle from g to g
t: equal to mLPAC -30. end the measure of the angle from 5 to g is 80.1‘hus m Figure 8.6 with the
measures of the engles between the knee 1: indueuted we note that the measute of the eagle from
(1) gmchPa-m

(2) gto gmLAPF-80

(3) gtogmLCPB --30.

Pic. 3.6

thh this convenuon the measure of the angle from one [me to another may take on any value Ram
-90 to +90. whereas we would say that the angle between two lines must have a measure between 0
end 90

We have the background now to examme products of naecttons in

lines which are neither parallel nor perpendicular. The really S‘gn'fic‘mt fact about such a
composition is that every ray originating at the “"3" section point of the axes of reflection is rotated
through a directeel angle of the same measure. This is illustrated in Figure 3.7 where it ls 560“ that
mACAC' = mLBAB'. Stating this more formally in equivalent terms we have the following theorem.

C'==M.M.(C) C s \ I M.M.(Xé') A \ I * \ I I B A A I \ \ I I \ I I \ I I ‘ \ I I \I I ‘8 I

M.M.(I§) a' M.M.(a) Flo. 3.7 '

THEOREM 3.1. Let g and 5 be two nonperpendicular li

. nes intersecti at A and let P and Q be any two pomts other than A, T ng

hen mLPAP" -= mLQAQ'g where P" '3 MIMI(P) and Q”: MtMc(Q‘).

u H nH