INTRODUCTION:

Metapelitic schist and micaceous quartzite are the metamorphosed aluminous rock
which contain Al2Sio5 polymorphs: andalusite, kyanite, and/or sillimanite and the P-T
phase relation of these minerals have important application in metamorphic
thermobarometry and petrology (Whitney, D. L. 2002). In the aureoles of intrusive
magmatic bodies, thermal-metamorphism is favourable for the development of
andalusite and kyanite in some lenses of pelitic sediments. Generally, kyanite occurs
as an elongated “lathlike” crystal often in high pressure regional metamorphosed
aluminous rocks, whereas andalusite originates from low pressure and temperature
condition (Omang, B. O., & Alabi, A. A. (2011). The phases of formation of this mineral
provide useful information about pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions, formation
history of rocks which containing more than one polymorph. Coexisting andalusite-
sillimanite is indicative of low-P high-T metamorphism as it occurs during progressive
heating without pressure increase in the contact aureoles but the assemblages of
andalusite and kyanite is less common and occurs in metamorphosed rock at pressure
below the Al2Sio5 triple point in burial metamorphism. Muscovite bearing quartzites
and schist are useful for evaluating the growth and crystallization of Al 2Sio5
polymorphs because the contain all the andalusite, kyanite and coarse grain sillimanite
most of the time. At high pressure and temperature andalusite may invert to its
polymorph kyanite and sillimanite but at low pressure and very high temperature
sillimanite breaks down to form mullite and tridymite and kyanite breaks down to form
stishovite and corundum (Rock-forming Minerals, Deer, W. A., Howie, R. A., &
Zussman, J. (Eds.)1997:). The three polymorphs are nearly same textural equilibrium
(they are in mutual contact along straight grain boundaries), but variation in the degree
of deformation and nature of the polymorphs shows a sequence of crystallization
rather than simultaneous crystallization at the triple point (Whitney, D. L. 2002). The
mineral assemblages with the aluminous silicates in the argillaceous rock is garnet,
muscovite, biotite, chlorite, staurolite, quartz and amphibole. These mineral
assemblages reach to quartz-albite-epidote-almandine subfacies of the green-schist
facies (Turner and Verhoogen, 1961) and to the high grade amphibolitic facies. The
mineral assemblage in the arenaceous rocks is amphibole, chlorite, and epidote
suggesting lower grade of metamorphism (Zafar, M. 1971). Andalusite occurs as an
accessory mineral in many types of peraluminous felsic igneous rocks, including
rhyolites, aplites, granites, pegmatites, and anatectic migmatites. The three principal
genetic types of andalusite in felsic igneous rocks are: Type 1 Metamorphic, Type2
Magmatic, Type 3 Metasomatic. In many cases, textural evidence of this reaction
remains, but in other cases muscovite may completely replace andalusite leaving little
or no evidence of its former existence. In the Al2SiO5 system the polymorphic
transitions kyanite↔andalusite↔sillimanite form a special type of solid-solid reaction,
and should a priori be amongst the most useful for natural application. Being
anhydrous, the polymorphs occurs in nature will not be affected by differential escape
of water or by the composition of the intergranular fluid since the composition of the
polymorphs hardly deviates significantly from Al2SiO5, their occurrence will be virtually
indifferent to rock composition and the abundance of andalusite, kyanite and
sillimanite in rocks of the medium grades of metamorphism gives wide applicability for
data on their stabilities (Chinner, G. A. 1966).

Fig-1 (Samuelson,
W., & Whitney, D. 2017)

The objective of this literature is-

1. To determine the unit cell parameters of the andalusite mineral using XRD
analysis.
2. To determine the elemental impurities, present in the andalusite and kyanite
mineral using geochemical analysis by SEM & EDX.
3. To understand the mode of formation the andalusite and kyanite mineral during
metamorphism.
4. To determine the optical properties of the rock and mineral using petrological
microscope.
METHODOLOGY:

STUDY AREA:

The literature study is confined to the northern part of Khetri copper belt that extends
for about 100 km in northern Rajasthan and Tosham hill of Bhiwani dist. Haryana.
Khetri is situated at the foothills of the Aravalli Range and it extends about 80-100 km
from north of Singhana (28°06’/ 75°50’) to Raghunathgarh (27°39’/ 75°21’) in the south,
also popularly known as Khetri copper belt (KCB). It also extends further south into
the South Delhi Fold Belt (SDFB) (Sychanthavong and Desai 1977; Roy et al., 1988;
Singh 1988). It is the most western part of the North Delhi Fold Belt (NDFB). The
general geology and stratigraphic succession of the area have been described by
many workers (Heron, 1923, 1925; Dasgupta, 1964, 1968, 1974; Roychowdhury and
Dasgupta, 1965a; Roychowdhury et al., 1968; Ray, 1974). The major rock types
observed in the area are chiefly sedimentary metamorphites contain different types of
schist, phyllites interlayered with massive quartzites and also micaceous quartzite,
metagreywackes, marbles, calc-silicate rocks amphibolitic rocks, andalusite-biotite-
quartzite&schist and feldspathic quartzite.