MIDDLE AGES AGE OF AGE OF POSITIVISM

ENLIGHTENMENT
 Augustine – 430  Saint Thomas  Jean-Jacques
Philosopher whose Aguinas- 1225-1274 Rousseau- 1712-
ground breaking He was an Italian and 1778
philosophy infused theologian. He was the Famous for “general will
Christian doctrine with foremost classical and moral simplicity of
Neoplastonism. He is a proponent of natural humanity” his ideas not
famous for being an theology at the peak of only influenced nations,
inimitable catholic Scholastism in Europe his works reflected in
theologian and for his and the founder of the the modern thinking in
agnostic contributions to thomistic school of regards to education,
western philosophy. philosophy and political and sociological
theology. matters.

 Boethius – 52 -525
One of the most  Aristotle- 384-322  Adam Smith- 1723-
influential early BCE 1790
medieval philosophers. He is a towering figure Scottish philosopher was
His famous work, the in ancient t Greek a pioneer in the field of
consolation of philosophy, making political economy. His
philosophy, was most contributions to logic ideas in the areas of
widely translated and Metaphysics, moral philosophy and
reproduced secular work Mathematic, Physics, economics have been
from the 8th century, Biology, Botany, Ethics, studied throughout the
until the end of the Politics, Agriculture, years. And still is.
middle ages. Medicine, Dance and
Theatre.
 Mary Wollstonecraft-
 Gregory the Great – 1759-1797
604  Confucius- 551-479 Famous for feminist
His contributions to the BCE philosophy and a
development of the He was a Chinese venidication of the
divine liturgy of the philosopher who is rights of woman. She
Presanctified gifts, still considered one of the believes that woman
in use in the byzantine most important and should treated equality
rite, were so significant influential individuals in the same way and that
that he is generally history. His teachings the social order should
recognized as its de have a great impact on be based on reason.
facto author. Gregory is affecting the lives of
a doctor of the church humans not only in
and one of the Latin china but around the  Auguste Comte-
fathers. world. 1798-1857
He was a French
philosopher greatly
 Isidore of Seville -  Rene Decartes- advanced the field of
636 1596-1650 social science, giving it
He has the reputation He was a French the name “sociology”
of being one of the philosopher and and influenced many
great scholars of the mathematician. He 19th century social
early Middle Ages. He made a significant intellectuals.
championed education contribution to the
as a philosophy of
rationalism.  Karl Marx- 1818-
1883
 Means of  David Hume- 1711- He is one of the famous
maintaining the 1777 figures in the founding
integrity of the He is a Scottish of sociology. He is
Christian faith and philosopher made known for his theory of
fostering unity several essential historical materialism,
among the various contributions to which focuses on the
cultural elements economic thought. His way social order, like
that made up the empirical argument class structures and
population of against British hierarchy emerges out
Medieval Spain. Merchantilism formed a of the economic system
building block for of a society.
economics.
 Bede – 736
St. Bede is the best  Friedrich Nietzche-
known for his “ historia  Immanuel Kant- 1844-1900
ecclesiastica gentis 1724-1804 German philosopher
anglorum “ He was an influential famous for “life
(ecclesiastical history of German philosopher affirmation and
the English people), a whose “critique of pure statement God is dead”
source vital to the reasons” sought to unite the main crux of his
history of the reasons with experience works was the idea of
conversion to and move philosophy on life-affirmation, but he
Christianity of Anglo – from the debate also presented ideas
Saxon Tribes. between rationalist and such as will to power,
empericists. perspectivism, master-
slave morality. And the
 Alcuin – 804 apollonian/dionisian
He wrote several  Ralph Waldo dichotomy
theological treatises: a Emerson- 1803-1882
De fide Trinitatis, and He contributed to
commentaries on the Americans by  Emma Goldman-
bible. influencing other 1869-1940
writers; calling for a Famous for anarchist
national literature; by political philosophy. She
 Fedigisus – 800-830 imbuing his writings was vocal supporter of
Fredigisus thought has with the ideal of the women's rights and
detained us only spiritual harmony as other social issues.
because he anticipate s opposed to the
dispute to come. Quite dominance of material
apart from the examples gain.  Albert Schwietzer-
of the “nothing”. The 1875-1965
little work suggest the Famous for idea of the
problems associated  Michel Founcault- reverence for life. He
with the recognition that 1926-1984 believed that civilization
such common nouns as He was a French had cast aside its
“man” involved a philosopher, critic and foundations in ethics.
universality whose historian. He was an
source and locus are not original and a creative
easy to determine. thinker who made  Bertrand Russell-
contribution to 1872-1970
historiography and to Famous for being one of
 Rhabanus Maurus – understanding the the founders of analytic
856 forces that make philosophy. One of his
history. essay entitled “on
denoting”.
 He was an  Jean-Paul Sartre-
archbishop, 1905-1980
Benedictine abbot, Famous for the
theologian, and philosophy of
scholar whose work existentialism. He
so contributed to the believed that “existence
development of precedes essence”. He
German language applied his ideas on
and literature that he other areas of his life.
receive the title
“Praeceptor”.

 Gottschalk- 668
He was a Saxon
theologian, monk and
poet who is best known
for being an early
educate of the doctrine
of twofold
predestination.

 John Scotus
Eriugena- after 870
An Irishman, a
Neoplatonist an
accomplished Greek
scholar, A Pelogian and
a pantheist, he marches
through a century
known for scholarship,
standing intellectually
head and shoulders
above his
contemporaries.