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Astiti Anggorowati
6017102
Petrology Laboratory
Akita University
30 January 2019 1
Outlines
❑ Introduction
❑ Geological Setting
❑ Background Study
❑ Objectives
❑ Methods
❑ Results
❑ Discussion
❑ Conclusion
2
Plinian Eruption
Introduction
Newhall and Shall (1982)
VEI 4 – 8
> 10 km plume
Pumice
(Walker, 1980)
(Hall, 2002)
JAVA ISLAND
Mt. Kelud
1400 masl
N
1250 masl
1731 masl W
(Wikipedia) 4
2007 lava dome forming eruption of Mt. Kelud
Background Study
Crater Condition before 2007 Lava Dome Formation 2007-2008 Lava Dome Formation
5
2014 eruption of Mt. Kelud
Background Study Satellite Imagery taken on 19 May 2014
SUOMI and CALIPSO satellite image of the plume produced during 2014 eruption (Klemetti, 2014)(Maeno et al., 2017)
(Smithsonian Institution, 2014)
6
Mechanism of 2014 eruption of Mt. Kelud
Background Study
Banded Pumice
Represent melts
Process triggering
eruption
9
Methods
• Geological Survey (17 locations)
• Petrographic Analysis
• Microscopy:
Thin Section: 14 (500µm-1mm)
Volcanic ash from Western Flank (9)
Volcanic ash from Southern Flank (1)
Volcanic ash from the crater (2)
Banded pumice from the crater (2)
• SEM-EDS Analysis (500µm)
Thin Section: 8 (of 14)
Volcanic ash from Western Flank (6)
Banded pumice (2)
• XRF Analysis
• Banded pumice: 4
Felsic part (1)
Mafic part (1)
Mix part (2)
10
Fieldwork in 2017
Methods
K16
F
K15 E
D
C
Ki
B
B
A
11
Methods
Polarized-Light Microscope
No Sample SEM Observation XRF Analysis
Observation
1 K15A-1 √
2 K15A-2 √ √
3 K15B-1 √
4 K15B-3 √ √
5 K15C-1 √
6 K15C-2 √ √
7 K15D-2 √ √
8 K15E-3 √ √
9 K15F-1 √ √
10 K16Bp-1 √ √
11 K16Bp-2 √ √
12 K16C-1 √
13 K16C-2 √
14 K14(2)E √
15 K16Bp-f √
16 K16Bp-fm √
17 K16Bp-mf √
18 K16Bp-m √
12
RESULTS
13
Stratigraphic Sections
Results
15
Stratigraphic Sections
Results
Field descriptions of Crater deposits
Post
Kp
Kp
K15D-2 K15D-1
F
E
D
C
Ki
B
Pumice Scoria
A K15A-2 K15A-2
K16
19
Petrographic-SEM EDS analysis on the western flank deposits
Results
F
E
D
C
Ki
B
20
SEM-EDS analysis on the western flank deposits: plagioclase phenocrysts
Results 95,00 K15
90,00
85,00
80,00
75,00
70,00
An Number
65,00 Layer D
60,00
Layer E
55,00
Layer F
50,00
45,00
40,00
35,00
F 0 100 200 300 400 500
µm
E Rim Core
95,00
D K15
90,00
C 85,00
Ki
B 80,00
75,00
70,00
An Number
A 65,00 Layer A
60,00
Layer B
55,00
Layer C
50,00
45,00
40,00
35,00
0 100 200 300 400
µm
21
SEM-EDS analysis on the western flank deposits: plagioclase phenocrysts
Results
F
E
D
C
Ki
B
22
Petrographic analysis on banded pumice: Phenocrysts
Results
23
Petrographic analysis on banded pumice: Groundmass
Results
Felsic part Boundary part Mafic part
24
Few crystallinity Abundant crystallinity
SEM EDS analysis on banded pumice: Plagioclase Phenocrysts
Results
Felsic part Mafic
K16Bppart
90,00
80,00
70,00
60,00
An Number
50,00
Felsic
40,00
Mafic
30,00
20,00
Rim Core
10,00
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
µm
25
SEM-EDS analysis on banded pumice: Groundmass
Results
TAS Diagram (Le Maitre, 2002) Glass felsic
16
Glass mafic
Glass felsic at boundary
14
Phonolite
Glass mafic at boundary
12
Tephriphonolite
Trachyte
10
Phonotephrite
Na2O + K2O 8
Trachyandesite
Rhyolite
Basaltic-
Trachyandesite
6 Basanite Trachy-
Basalt
4 Dacite
Basaltic Andesite
Basalt andesite
2 Picro-
basalt
0
36 41 46 51 56 61 66 71 76 81
SiO2
K16Bp-fm 54.17 0.63 18.55 9.67 0.21 3.85 9.11 2.76 0.65 0.14 99.74
K16Bp-mf 53.98 0.64 18.42 9.78 0.21 3.86 9.2 2.72 0.65 0.14 99.62
K16Bp-m 53.83 0.64 18.39 10.21 0.21 3.96 9.15 2.71 0.64 0.14 99.89
27
DISCUSSION
28
Correlating the product sequences of the 2014 eruption
Discussion K11
K10
K17
K15
NE vs S-W flanks
Deposited in different stage
29
Characterizing the western flank deposits
Discussion Intralayer similarities:
• consist of pumice, scoria, fresh lithic, altered lithic, free
crystals of plagioclase, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene,
titanomagnetite, and glomerocrysts, apatite
• crystal rich deposits
• Plagioclase exhibit oscillatory zoning and sieved-
texture
• Vitric materials morphometry of which angular with
relatively medium sphericity
K15
F
E Occurred in same stage
D
C Interlayer similarities:
Ki
B • layer K15A has vitric materials with angular shape with
low to medium sphericity, also found in deposit of layer
A K16C at lower part (crater) and top layer of K14E
(southern flank)
• layer K15A W flank exhibits pinching out deposit as
well as layer K16 C crater deposit
• layer K15 D W flank exhibits stratification as well as
layer K16 C crater deposit
30
Clarifying the western flank product deposition
Discussion
Ilustration is adapted from Maeno et. al (2017) and Goode et. al (2018)
(Maeno et al., 2017)
31
Characterizing the banded pumice
Discussion
Felsic Similarities: Differences:
❑ Phenocryst minerals assemblage: ❑ Groundmass:
pl, opx, cpx, ti-mt, glomerocrysts, ±ap vesicularity & crystallinity
❑ Textures of plagioclase phenocrysts: ❑ Composition of plagioclase
oscillatory zoning phenocrysts
sieved-texture ❑ Groundmass: composition of glass
❑ Whole rock composition:
basaltic andesite
32
Characterizing the banded pumice
Discussion
Felsic Microphenocrysts: Plagioclase Phenocrysts of K15 and
K15
relatively more stable Banded Pumice
condition of magma, allowing Albite Oligoclase
Albite Oligoclase Andesine
Andesine Bytownite Anorthite
Labradorite Bytownite
Labradorite Anorthite
the melt to cool down
F
Less evolved magma got injected
into Kelud erupted magma
E
chamber consist of more felsic D
Layer
magma, supported by the sieved- C
texture plagioclase
Mafic B
Microlites:
supercooling melt or increase in
0
A 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
An Number
liquidus temperatureMAGMA
COMMINGLED by volatile 0 20 40 60 80 100
exsolution or magma vesiculation K15 Core
An Number
K16Bp Felsic C K16Bp Mafic C
(Cashman and Blundy, 2000; Core Rim
Toramaru et al., 2008) K15 Rim K16Bp Felsic R K16Bp Mafic R
RISING MAGMA 33
Conclusion
1. 2014 onset eruption products is localized in the western-southern flanks and north
eastern flank with different aspect in organic materials condition and the abundance of
altered lithics. Hence, NE and western-southern flanks deposits were settled in different
stage.
2. All layers of onset product in western flank were deposited in same stage in which Ki-3.
3. The deposition of onset eruption products are classified into 3 stage: Ki-1, Ki-2, and Ki-3
Ki-1 and Ki-2 products correspond to A0 and A1 layers of Maeno et al. (2017), respectively.
Ki-3 products correspond to 2-PDC layer of Goode et al. (2018)
4. Felsic and mafic parts of banded pumice show similarity in preliminary mineral contents,
type of Plagioclase and Pyroxene zonings, and whole rock composition of basaltic
andesite. However, the difference is found in vesicularity, crystallinity, and composition in
the groundmass, and An number in which showing different trend on the rim of
Plagioclase. The sieved texture also supports that less evolved melt was ejected into
already settled more felsic melt in Kelud erupting magma chamber, triggering the
eruption. 34
Thank you
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