DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN SKILLS

Values
Values represent basic convictions that “a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence
is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct or end-state
of existence.” They contain a judgmental element in that they carry an individual’s ideas as to
what is right, good, or desirable. Values have both content and intensity attributes.
 Are values fluid and flexible? Generally speaking, no. They tend to be relatively stable and
enduring.
 A significant portion of the values we hold is established in our early years—by parents,
teachers, friends, and others.
Importance of Values
 Values lay the foundation for our understanding of people’s attitudes and motivation and
influence our perceptions.
 We enter an organization with preconceived notions of what “ought” and “ought not”
to be. These notions are not value-free; on the contrary, they contain our
interpretations of right and wrong and our preference for certain behaviours or
outcomes over others. As a result, values cloud objectivity and rationality; they
influence attitudes and behaviour.

How will you react if you find the organization you’ve just joined rewards seniority and not
performance?
You’re likely to be disappointed—and this can lead to job dissatisfaction and a decision not to
exert a high level of effort because “It’s probably not going to lead to more money anyway.”
Would your attitudes and behavior be different if your values aligned with the organization’s pay
policies? Most likely.

Formation of Values
One of the most widely referenced approaches for analyzing variations among cultures was
done in the late 1970s by Geert Hofstede. 82 He surveyed more than 116,000 IBM
employees in 40 countries about their work-related values and found that managers and
employees vary on five value dimensions of national culture:
 Power distance. Power distance describes the degree to which people in a country
accept that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally. A high
rating on power distance means that large inequalities of power and wealth exist and
are tolerated in the culture, as in a class or caste system that discourages upward
mobility. A low power distance rating characterizes societies that stress equality and
opportunity.
 Individualism versus collectivism. Individualism is the degree to which people prefer
to act as individuals rather than as members of groups and believe in individual rights
above all else. Collectivism emphasizes a tight social framework in which people
expect others in groups of which they are a part to look after them and protect them.
 Masculinity versus femininity. Hofstede’s construct of masculinity is the degree to
which the culture favours traditional masculine roles such as achievement, power,
and control, as opposed to viewing men and women as equals. A high masculinity
rating indicates the culture has separate roles for men and women, with men
dominating the society. A high femininity rating means the culture sees little
differentiation between male and female roles and treats women as the equals of men in
all respects.
 Uncertainty avoidance. The degree to which people in a country prefer structured over
unstructured situations defines their uncertainty avoidance. In cultures that score high
on uncertainty avoidance, people have an increased level of anxiety about uncertainty
and ambiguity and use laws and controls to reduce uncertainty. People in cultures low on

DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN SKILLS DR SHIVAM POPAT

DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN SKILLS

uncertainty avoidance are more accepting of ambiguity, are less rule oriented, take more
risks, and more readily accept change.
 Long-term versus short-term orientation. This newest addition to Hofstede’s typology
measures a society’s devotion to traditional values. People in a culture with long-term
orientation look to the future and value thrift, persistence, and tradition. In a short-term
orientation, people value the here and now; they accept change more readily and don’t
see commitments as impediments to change.

Types of Values (Mr. Milton Rokeach’s Classification)
Peace
Meaning:

 A state of bliss, and tensionlessness

 Sign of virtuous character
 A calm spirit of mind
 An awareness of the joy in the heart
 A state of stillness of thought
 A controlled state of all the fluctuations of the mind
 Absence of desires, anger, greed and hatred
 Calm contentment arising from the right attitude towards action
 A sound balanced mental state
 A perfect harmony in action
Significance
 Develop simple healthy living
 Uproot evil tendencies (greed, anger, ego, etc)
 Develop truthfulness, politeness and friendliness
 Preserve self-respect and self-confidence
 Share and sacrifice for others
 Practice justice and tolerance
 Keep equilibrium while facing problems
 True in thought, word and deed
 Good and do good
 A state of bliss, and tensionless
Sub Values of Peace

 Honesty: The best choice. Telling the truth. It is straight forward conduct. Being
sincere, truthful, trustworthy, honourable, fair, genuine, and loyal with integrity.
 Purity: Purity means cleanliness, freedom from foulness or dirt. Free from guilt. Free
from sin or moral wrong. Lack knowledge of evil.
 Endurance: Endurance is the power to withstand hardship or stress. It is an act of
bearing or suffering, continuing under pain or distress without resistance. Endurance
is the capacity to bear heat and cold and to remain unaffected by pleasure and pain
etc, which is not influenced by diverse experiences.
 Integrity: It is the need of the country since multi languages, multi traditions and multi
sects do exists in India. Indian constitution expects that every citizen of Indian origin
should honour the feeling of national integration. Always think that all are equal.
Provide opportunities to all human beings to share and respect their ideas, opinion. Do
not discriminate friends and other people on the ground of religion, race, caste, sex,
descent and place of birth.

DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN SKILLS DR SHIVAM POPAT

DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN SKILLS

 Meditation: Meditation is described as “listening to the silence between thoughts.

Meditation helps in the integration of the body, mind and soul which helps to increase
their concentration and attention span”.
 Forgiveness: Forgiveness means giving up. It has nothing to do with condoning
behaviour. It is just letting the whole thing go. Forgiveness of oneself and of others
releases the one from the past. When one is stuck, it usually means there some more
forgiving to be done. When one does not flow freely with life in the present moment, it
usually means we are holding on to a past moment.
Love
Meaning
 Expression of divine within the individual
 Power of the soul
 Manifestation in selflessness and sacrifice
 Love makes one free from worry
 Brings a natural experience of peace
 Love creates and sustains human relationships with dignity and depth
 Love does not see the faults or short coming of others
 Love is not motivated by any reward
Significance
 Mightiest of forces in the world
 True representative of human nature
 Grows with sharing
 Affects all forms of lives
 Selflessness
 Lives by “giving” and “forgiving” and not by “getting” and “forgetting”
 Springs from truth
 Golden tie which binds heart to heart, soul to soul
 Constructive and creative
 Law of love is far greater science than any modern science
 It is a virtue
 It is a treasure
Sub Values
 Patriotism: Patriotism means love and devotion to one’s own country. A patriot loves
his motherland. The patriots are loved by the whole country.
 Devotion: True pride about one’s country, society, culture, literature, history, arts,
national flag, national anthem, citizens of one’s own country and its nature is devotion
to nation.
 Tolerance: Give full respect to everybody. Attach greatest importance to the tolerance
of other things. Accept the feelings of other people. Treat others as one’s own self.
Understand the causes of differences and similarities in religions and culture. Promote
inter religious understanding/faith. Promote tolerance in family, school, society. Do not
take personally other’s hostility. Inspire others to progress. Never call bad names of
other things
 Humanism is seeking, without religion, the best in, and for, human beings. A doctrine,
an attitude, or a way of life cantered on human interests or values. A system of thought
that centres on humans and their values, capacities and worth. A non-religious
philosophy, based on liberal human values. A philosophy of life inspired by humanity
and guided by reason

DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN SKILLS DR SHIVAM POPAT

DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN SKILLS

Truth
Meaning
 Highest human value
 Eternal
 True nature
 Not the body, senses, mind, intellect but it is the ‘divinity’ within every one
 Imperishable essence
 Falsehood and illusion can overcome through practicing the power of truth
 Realization of truth melts the false ego and hypocrisy
Significance
 Remedy of all maladies, because it removes all the sins which arise out of the
ignorance
 One can rise to the highest state of purity
 Know the reality of the world
 Can bring a change in our conduct
 Highest of the values
 Leads to the realization of the ultimate value
Sub value of truth:
Curiosity: An emotion related to natural inquisitive behaviour such as exploration,
investigation and learning. A drive to know new things. Main motivation of many scientists.
Fuel of science and other disciplines. Denote the behaviour itself caused by the emotion of
curiosity. An important trait of a genius.
Right Conduct
Meaning
 Right conduct is the second basic human values
 Moral law of activity in thinking and speaking
 Sustains the world
 Divine law
 That which sustains, save and sanctifies
 Self-realization
 Adherence to the universal moral law
 Foundation for the functioning of the universe
Significance
 Tell truth
 Non-quarrelling
 Talk less
 Hard work willingly and gladly
 Punctual and regular
 Avoid wastage in every way
 Speak calmly and clearly with others
 Concerns for the welfare of the universe and humanity
 Envelops all walks of life
 Not hurting anyone or anything

DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN SKILLS DR SHIVAM POPAT

DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN SKILLS

 Not stealing or telling lies

 Enable to be at peace with oneself and others

Sub-values of right conduct:

 Cleanliness: It is important to keep oneself and homes clean. For health so that one
do not get ill. For human existence. Prevents the causes of many diseases such as
cholera or diarrhoea as they are the biggest killers in the history
 Punctuality: Punctuality is a planned activity to be done at the proper place and
proper time. To be punctual in duty and assigned work is the greatest quality of a
person.
 Regularity: Working as per rules, regulations mode of conduct and program of time.
The quality of being characterized by a fixed principle or rate of procedure. An
essential and distinguishing attribute of something or someone. The quality of
recurring at regular intervals. The quality of appreciating method and system. A
condition in which everything is regular and unvarying. A quality of uniformity and
lack of variation. Regularity of spacing. The quality of being steady. Conforming.
 Duty and loyalty to duty: A duty is an obligation. A man is said to have to duty in
any matter when he is under an obligation to do or not to do something. It is
something one owes to others as social beings.
 Loyalty: Self promote them and absence of greed he who has these four gifts is
implicitly trusted by all.
 Obedience: Words or actions denoting submission to authority, dutifulness. The act
buying or the state of being obedience; compliance; with that which is required by
authority; subjection to rightful restraints. The trait of being willing to obey. For us by
one man’s disobedience money were mode sinners, so by the obedience of one shall
many be mode righteous”.
 Simple living: Simple living refers to clarity to expression with no distortion in written
or verbal communication.
 Respect for others: Respect is to know and acknowledge your own values. Honour
the worth and dignity of others. Respect also means to honour another person with
politeness and hospitality
 Self service self support: Self-support is very important, in this world of tough
competition, stress and hectic lifestyle. These days with so many challenges, one
needs to survive, self-support works like confident enhancer. Self-support boosts
enthusiasm and provides energy to work. Enhance one’s selfesteem. Cultivates a
desire to do something in life. Cultivate courage to survive tough times.
 Self-confidence: It is the quality of the self. It is a great power of the mind. it can be
used beneficially by everyone, at all times, it have a positive effect on our life health
profession and our mind. Self-confidence is the key with which we can open the
secret treasure of this universe. It is also the means of acquiring tremendous energy.
It is faith that gives us the steadiness to hold on with optimism in the midst gloom and
destruction. It means one’s trust of one’s abilities, qualities, judgment. It means
staying aware of inner self. The value of one’s talents. Attributes without someone
else having to validate.
 Kindness: Kindness is the act or the state of being kind marked by : Charitable
behavior, mild disposition, pleasantness. tenderness, concern for other, significance
of kindness, direct opposite to envy and deeds of kindness are equal in weight to all
the commandments.
 Courtesy: It is gentle politeness and courtly manners. Characterized by nobility and
royalty. To behave modestly with the known and unknown persons. Respond others

DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN SKILLS DR SHIVAM POPAT

DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN SKILLS

with politeness, kindness. Involve and interact with others with kind and pleasing
manner
 Good manners: are behaviour used everyday to make a good impression on others
and to feel good about oneself. No matter where you are at home, working place or
with friends practicing good manners is important.

Non-violence
Meaning
 Refraining from giving pain to others by words, deeds, thoughts, feelings or action
 Self control
 Self-purification
Significance
 Spiritual aspect of the personality
 Zenith of human achievement and perfection
 Feeling of oneness and unity of all creation
 Unbounded power to do good confidently, courageously and with unalloyed love
 Include all virtues, besides strengthening them
 Seeing oneself in others
 Way to perfection
 Non-violent in attitude and action
 Develop spirit to build character
 Enable to work towards knowledge of God and self-realization

Sub- Values of Non-Violence

 Unwillingness to hurt: To hurt anybody or killing or injury to life can be an act of

violence.
 Appreciating others: seeing something for what it is an awareness of how special,
how lucky how unique, how blessed , how big , wonderful or awesome something is.
Appreciation is a recognition not based on comparison, but based on the intrinsic
value, character or immensity of a thing or state itself.
 Respect: toward something or someone valued. In relationships, this translate as
care, concern, fair, treatment and courteous.
 Compassion: It is a going forth from the confinement of one’s personal spiritual
centre to a sharing in the lives of others. Compassion means to refrain from being
vindictive. It is based on a strong live, relationship with all living beings. Compassion
is not the same as feeling sorry or pity. Shares the sufferings of the whole
 Responsibility: A responsibility fulfils the assigned duty by staying true to the aim.
Duties are carried out with integrity and a sense of purpose.
 National property: Anything of national significance which is handed down and
preserved through generations, especially, architecture, landscape, documents and
other artefacts.

DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN SKILLS DR SHIVAM POPAT