Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Self-awareness
is defined as an awareness of one’s own personality or individuality. The term
“self” often refers to yourself, myself, himself/herself, oneself, and your own self.
This term refers to a person in a prime condition, as entire person or individual.
Awareness is defined as having or showing realization, participation in,
commitment to, and knowledge of the development of one’s values.
Human Person
The human person is the subject of education: he/she is a human person
learning and being taught. The human person is also the object of education:
he/she is at the center of the curriculum and the entire program.
Values Development
Latin word “valere” to be worth or to be strong.
A thing has value when it is perceived to be intrinsically good and desirable.
To develop a value is to acquire it gradually, and by successive changes, to
move from the original position to one providing more opportunity for effective
use.
Values Education
is the process by which values are formed in the learner under the guidance of
teachers and parents as the former interacts with his/her environment.
1) Values of Being
Honesty
o Honesty must be practiced with other individuals, with instructions,
with society, and within oneself.
o The inner strength and confidence are bred by exacting
truthfulness, trustworthiness, and integrity.
Courage
o to attempt difficult things that are good. It is the strength not to
follow the crowd, to say no and mean it, and influence other by it.
Peaceableness
o the calmness, peacefulness, and serenity. It is the tendency to
accommodate rather than argue.
o the ability to understand how others feel rather than simply reacting
to them. It mean the control to temper.
Self-reliance and Potential
o refer to a person’s individuality, awareness, and development of
his/her gifts and uniqueness.
o tendency to blame others for difficulties must be overcome. Must
have a commitment to personal excellence.
Self-discipline and Moderation
o refer to physical, mental, and financial self-discipline. Involve
moderation in speaking, in eating, and in exercising.
o avoiding the dangers of extreme or unbalance viewpoint.
Fidelity and Chastity
o refer to the value and security of fidelity within marriage and of
restraints and limits before marriage.
o involve the commitment that go with marriage and responsibility
that go with sex.
2) Values of Giving
Loyalty and Dependability
o refer to loyalty to family, employers, country, church, schools, and
other organizations and institutions.
o These mean reliability and consistency in doing what one says
he/she will do.
Respect
o means respect of life, property, parents, elders, nature, and the
beliefs and rights of others. It refers to courtesy, politeness, and
manners.
o means self-respect and the avoidance of self-criticism.
Love
o it means individual and personal caring that goes beneath and
beyond loyalty and respect.
o love for friends, neighbors, even adversaries, and a prioritized,
lifelong commitment of love for family.
Unselfishness and Sensitivity
o pertain to becoming more extroverted and less self-centered.
Learning to feel with and for others.
o refer to empathy, tolerance brotherhood, and sensitivity to the
needs of people and situations.
Value Formation
is a lifelong process of growing which gets its strength from Jesus’ sermon on the
mount.
Two Factors Affecting Value Formation
1) Influences
these depend on a person’s internal traits and characteristics such as
intellectual and emotional capabilities.
2) Experiences
like good influences, good experiences are needed in value formation.
Four types of experiences Affecting Value Formation
• Liturgical experience • Learning experience
• Bible experience • Human experience
Value Clarification
1) Value clarification is a difficulty task.
2) Values are better than rules.
3) Values serve as outline.
4) Values send a message.
5) Values shape an organization.
Self-awareness gives you the capacity to learn from your mistakes as well as your
successes. It enables you to keep growing. ~Lawrence Bossidy
UNIT VII. VOLUNTEERISM
Volunteerism
an act involving a wide range of activities, including traditional forms of mutual
aid and developmental interventions that provides an enabling and empowering
environment both on the part of the beneficiary receiving, and the volunteer
rendering the act, undertaken for reasons arising from socio-developmental,
business or corporate orientation, commitment or conviction for the attainment of
the public good and where monetary and other incentives or reward are not the
primary motivating factors. (From RA 9418 or The Volunteer Act of 2007)
- Free will, no compulsion - No financial gain - Benefits a third party
is the act, practice, or principle of contributing one’s time, talents, and resources
freely to worthwhile purposes without tangible compensation.
it is considered the most fundamental act in the society.
it is geared toward good causes that helped alleviate the suffering of others.
it promotes peace, solidarity, and trust among citizens.
Who is involve in this Volunteerism? What do you call a person doing volunteerism?
volunteers
Being a framework, the Volunteer Act recognizes the different roles of different sectors
of society, including government. It is tasked to provide the environment for
volunteerism to prosper. It shall be facilitative, coordinative and promotive in performing
its functions. To a certain extent, this means taking a backseat.
The Volunteer Act specifically calls for integrating volunteerism in the education
curriculum. Such integration provides students with the volunteering arena by which
they can channel their idealism and vigor into something worthwhile.
Benefits of Volunteers
Volunteerism yields the following benefits:
1) Community Development
2) Development of the skills of the volunteers
3) Peace, solidarity and trust among citizens
4) Career opportunities for volunteers
5) Friendship among citizens
6) Experienced and self esteem gained by volunteers
Volunteer Community-Service
can be rendered in government offices, private companies or in any place where
services may be needed. Volunteers can also work from their homes.
Community Volunteerism
entails identifying resources, building up present strengths; empowering partners
or individuals to reach their potential; facilitating new connections within the
community and strengthening such connections; and fostering relationships that
enhance the ability of groups and individuals to have a sense of belonging and a
desire to be involved.
Section 2
The State recognizes its responsibility to enable the youth to fulfill their vital role
in nation-building and hereby establishes the National Comprehensive and
Coordinated Program on Youth Development, creates the structures to
implement the same and appropriate adequate funds to provide support for the
program and implementing structures on a continuing sustained basis.
The State hereby declares that “Youth” is the critical period in a person’s growth
and development from the onset of adolescence towards the peak of mature,
self-reliant and responsible adulthood comprising the considerable sector of the
population from the age of fifteen (15) to thirty (30) years.
UNIT VIII. PEACE EDUCATION
Introduction
Humankind needs to take lessons from its past in order to build a new and better
tomorrow. One lesson learned is that, to prevent our violence – ridden history
repeating itself, the values of peace, non-violence, tolerance, human rights and
democracy will have to be inculcated in every woman and man- young and old,
children and adults alike.
Peace education does not simply mean learning about conflicts and how to
resolve them peacefully. It should also involve participation of young people in
expressing their own ideas and cooperating with each other to eliminate violence
in our individual lives, in our communities and in our societies. ~Ambassador
Anwarul K. Chowdhury (UN Representative)
Peace
is the absence of war or direct violence
absence of death and destruction as a result of war and physical/directive
violence (Thee2002)
is the absence of violence, not only personal or direct but also structural or
indirect (Johan Galtung)
Violence
Humanly inflicted harm (Reardon)
Types of Violence
Physical or direct violence
Structural violence
Direct violence can be categorized as:
o Organized violence – refers to war which describes as organized and
collective violence which occurs between states or within a states. (Birgit
Brock-Utne 1989)
o Unorganized violence – includes wife battering, rape, child abuse and
street crime.
Culture of Peace
The Declaration of (UN,1998) states that “a culture of peace is a set of values,
attitudes, traditions, modes of the behavior and ways of life that reflect and
inspire
Respect for life and for all human rights
Rejection of violence in all its forms
Prevention of violent conflict by tackling their root cause through dialogue and
negotiations
Recognition of the right of everyone to freedom of expression
Devotion to principles of freedom, justice, democracy, tolerance, solidarity,
cooperation, pluralism, cultural diversity, dialogue and understanding between
nations, ethnic, religious, cultural and other groups and between the individuals.
Attitudes/Values
1) Self-respect
having a sense of their ownworth and a sense of pride in their own
particular social, cultural and family background as well as a sense of their
own power and goodness which will enable them to contributes toward
positive change.
2) Respect for others
having a sense of the worth and inherent dignity of other people, including
those with social, religious, cultural and family backgrounds different from
their own.
3) Respect for life / Non violence
valuing of human life and refusal to respond to an adversary or conflict
situation with violence.
4) Gender equality
valuing the rights of women to enjoy equal opportunities when men and to
be free from abuse, exploitation and violence
5) Compassion
sensitivity to the difficult conditions and suffering of other people and acting
with deep empathy and kindness toward those who are
marginalized/excluded.
6) Global concern
caring for the whole human community transcending or going beyond the
concern which they have for their nation or local /ethnic community
7) Ecological concern
caring for the natural environment, preference for sustainable living and
simple lifestyle.
8) Cooperation
valuing cooperative process and principle of working together towards the
common goals.
9) Openness/Tolerence
openness to the process of growth and change as well as willingness to
approach and receive other people’s ideas and beliefs.
10) Justice
acting with a sense of fai rness towards others, upholding the principle of
equality (in dignity and rights) and rejection of all forms of exploitation and
oppression.
11) Social responsibility
willingness to take action to contribute to the
shaping of a society characterized by justice, non-
violence and wellbeing ; sense of responsibility
toward present and future generations.
12) Positive vision
imaging the kind of future they prefer with a sense of
hope and pursuing its realization in ways that they can.
Skills
1) Reflection
the use of reflective thinking or reasoning, through which they deepen
their understanding of themselves and their connectedness to others and
to living earth.
2) Critical thinking and analysis
ability toapproach issues with an open but critical mind ; knowing how to
research, question, evaluate and interpret evidence.
3) Decision – making
ability to analyze problems, develop alternative solutions, analyze
alternative solutions considering advantages and disadvantages and
having arrived preferred decision.
4) Imagination
creating and imagining new paradigms and new preferred ways of living
and relating
5) Communication
listening attentively and with empathy, as well as ability to express ideas
and needs clearly in an non- aggressive way
6) Conflict resolution
ability to analyze conflicts in an objective and systematic way and to
suggest a range of nonviolent solutions
7) Empathy
the ability to see the perspective of another person or group and to feel
what that person or group feels.
8) Group building
working cooperatively inone another in order to achieve common goals.
Disarmament Education
to educate and to campaign against armsproliferation because it fuels armed
conflicts and draws resources away from the basic needs of the people.
Human Rights Education
contributes to peace, the enjoyment of the fundamental human rights and
freedoms by the people provide the foundation for a nonviolent social order.
Global Education
education for responsible participation in an interdependent world community;
human value-centered, world oriented and future oriented
Conflict Resolution Education
to create a safe and constructive learning environment; to enhance students
social and emotional development and to create constructive conflict
community.
Multicultural Education
educational movement that has developed first in countries that are multicultural
or have culturally diverse population. It promotes person’s uniqueness of his own
culture as a positive characteristics and enables one to accept the uniqueness
of the cultures of others.
Education for International Understanding
the primary principles include the importance of education in promoting peace,
human rights and democracy and the recognition of their intimate relationship.
Interfaith Education
to bring together religious and spiritual leaders of diverse traditions to engage in
dialogue, to educate each other and their audience about respective traditions.
Development Education
emerged to challenge the mainstream model of development which then
equated development with modernization. T criticized the unjust and
unsustainable economic order which has resulted to hunger, homelessness and
marginalization.
Gender-fair / Non-sexist Education
seeks to foster among the learners respect for the abilities and rights of both
sexes and to develop awareness of the gender biases and stereotyping that
have been culturally perpetuated.
Environmental Education
seeks to empower people with the knowledge, skills and values that will enable
them to live in peace with mother earth. Everyone should be a good steward or
kin of the natural environment.
Christianity
1) Rejection of violence
2) Love and reconciliation rather than retaliation
3) Use of transforming initiatives
Indigenoustraditions - they have this profound reverence for nature. They also
developed mechanisms for peacefully resolving their conflicts and disputes by drawing
from their own forms of indigenous spirituality.
Types of Prejudice
Racism - the belief that one’s own cultural or racial heritage is innately superior
to that of others, hence the lack of respect or appreciation for those who belong a
“difference race”
Sexism - a system of attitudes, actions and institutional structures that
subordinates women on the basis of their sex
Heterosexism - negative attitudes toward lesbians and gay men.
Classism - distancing from and perceiving the poor as “the other”
Linguicism - negative attitudes members of dominant language groups hold
against non- dominant language groups
Ageism - negative attitudes held against the young or the elderly
Looksism - prejudice against those who do not measure
up to set standards of beauty. The usual victims are the
overweight, the undersized, and the dark skinned.
Religious intolerance - prejudice against those who
are followers of religions other than one’s own.
Stereotype - refers to the negative opinion about a person or group based on incomplete
knowledge.
War
“werra” which means confusion, discord, or strife.
an actual intentional and widespread armed conflict between political communities.
territorial disputes as the more causes of war.
The most horrible effect of war is death. Massacres, tortures, disappearances, sexual
violence including rape, executions, assassinations, bombing, burning and kidnapping
are examples of atrocious acts.
The UNESCO Preamble states that “if warsbegin in minds of men, then it is in minds of
men that the defenses of peace must be constructed. “Peace education is one concrete
pathway to challenge war. Peace education seeks to develop a global perspective on the
problems and understanding that humans are single species”
“We must bring love and compassion to the world today. We don’t need guns and
bombs to do this” ~Mother Teresa
Community
people living a specific area
a social group of any size whose members reside in a specific locality, share a
government, and have common cultural and historical heritage
a social system
Characteristics of a Community
1) Physical
2) Community self – image
3) Community guiding values
4) Community style
5) Structural characteristics
6) Communication network
Types of Community
1) Rural
2) Urban
3) Sub-urban
Components of Community
Core - represents the people that make up the community; demographics of the
population as well as the values, beliefs and history of the people.
Eight subsystems of the community
o Housing, education, fire and safety, politics and government,
health, communication, economics, recreation
Community Organization
Process forged along people’s empowerment and the essential formation of a
self-reliant organization that will facilitate development in a sustainable manner.
Involves a series of interrelated activities aimed to unify the people into an
organization.
Involves people’s participation in all stages of the organizing process.
Manifests the people’s collective will to participate, voice out and be heard and to
decide as to unified group.
Community Development
Planned and organized effort to assist individuals to acquire the attitudes,
skills, knowledge, and general capabilities required in their democratic
participation in the effective solution of community problems in an order of
priority determined by increasing level of competence
Community Development (Aims and Objective)
1) Promote
2) Sustain community action
3) Support
Strategic Planning
1) Represents analytical strategy creation and can lead to an intent
2) Useful framework for managing the organization’s strategic resource
3) Provide means of controlling resource allocation and fostering internal linkages
4) Translating goals/objectives into specific activities to meet community needs or
solve community problems
Answers:
How much? (quality of resources)
Of what? (programs, services, projects) For whom? (target
beneficiaries/clients) Why? (to achieve what goals)
For how much? (social and economic costs) What conditions? (with what
other consequences)
Planning (Steps)
Diagnosis
What do we want to achieve in a particular period?
What are the possible ways of achieving this objective?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of each proposal?
Which proposal do we accept?
Who will do what, when, where, and how?
At what point do we need to evaluate?
Purposes of Monitoring
Provide a systematic method of collecting data on the implementation of the plan
as implementation is taking place
Generate information that can be used for evaluation of the plan
Detect problems in implementation as they occur for proper corrective measures
Evaluation
Process through which the effectiveness of services is gauged against the goals
which the agency sets out to achieve
Heart of any program development process
Evaluation (classification)
Participatory Non-participatory
Evaluation (kinds)
Ongoing Concluding
Evaluation (methods)
Written Observation
Informal-oral Survey
Structured interview Case study
Group discussion method Slides, photos, drawings