Blando 1

Miguel Blando

English P3

Mr. Gagnier

3 March 2019

The Emancipation Proclamation Analysis

Origins

Who created it?

❏ Evidence:
- ¨President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation
on January 1, 1863, as the nation approached its third year of bloody
civil war¨ (National Archives 1).
❏ Explanation:
- The person that issued and created the Emancipation Proclamation
was Abraham Lincoln.
❏ Extra Information and Links:
- LINK: ¨The Emancipation Proclamation¨. National Archives, 5 Jan.
2018.
https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured-documents/emancipati
on-proclamation​. Accessed 3 Mar. 2019.

1. Who is the author?

❏ Evidence:
- Early Life:
- ¨Abraham Lincoln, a self-taught lawyer, legislator and vocal
opponent of slavery, was elected 16th president of the United
States in November 1860, shortly before the outbreak of the
Civil War¨ (History 1).
- “I was born Feb. 12, 1809, in Hardin County, Kentucky. My
parents were both born in Virginia, of undistinguished
families–second families, perhaps I should say. My mother,
 Blando 2

who died in my tenth year, was of a family of the name of

Hanks…. My father … removed from Kentucky to … Indiana,
in my eighth year…. It was a wild region, with many bears and
other wild animals still in the woods. There I grew up…. Of
course when I came of age I did not know much. Still
somehow, I could read, write, and cipher … but that was all.¨
(White House 1).
- Political Career:
- "declared indifference, but as I must think, a covert real zeal
for the spread of slavery. I cannot but hate it. I hate it because
of the monstrous injustice of slavery itself. I hate it because it
deprives our republican example of its just influence in the
world …¨ (Lincoln 1).
- "I think I am a Whig, but others say there are no Whigs, and
that I am an abolitionist [...] I do no more than oppose the
extension of slavery¨ (Lincoln 1).
- Freedom for all men was a core principle for Mr. Lincoln.
Historian John W. Cooke explored how Lincoln advanced
Americans the notion of freedom in thought and deed:
- Burlingame, Michael. ¨Abraham Lincoln Slavery¨. ​Abraham
Lincoln's Classroom​. The Lehrman Institute.
http://www.abrahamlincolnsclassroom.org/abraham-lincoln-i
n-depth/abraham-lincoln-and-slavery/​. Accessed 3 Mar. 2019.
- Civil War:
- ¨The war resolved two fundamental questions left unresolved
by the revolution: whether the United States was to be a
dissolvable confederation of sovereign states or an indivisible
nation with a sovereign national government; and whether
this nation, born of a declaration that all men were created
with an equal right to liberty, would continue to exist as the
largest slaveholding country in the world¨ (Battlefields 1).
- ¨The incoming Lincoln administration and most of the
Northern people refused to recognize the legitimacy of
secession. They feared that it would discredit democracy and
create a fatal precedent that would eventually fragment the
 Blando 3

no-longer United States into several small, squabbling

countries¨ (Battlefields 1)
- ¨By 1864 the original Northern goal of a limited war to restore
the Union had given way to a new strategy of "total war" to
destroy the Old South and its basic institution of slavery and to
give the restored Union a "new birth of freedom," as President
Lincoln put it in his address at Gettysburg to dedicate a
cemetery for Union soldiers killed in the battle there¨
(Battlefields 1).
- ¨After bloody battles at places with names like The
Wilderness, Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor, and Petersburg, Grant
finally brought Lee to bay at Appomattox in April 1865. In the
meantime Union armies and river fleets in the theater of war
comprising the slave states west of the Appalachian Mountain
chain won a long series of victories over Confederate armies
commanded by hapless or unlucky Confederate generals¨
(Battlefields 2)
❏ Explanation:
- Background Information:
- Abraham Lincoln was lawyer and Republican politician who
served as the 16th president of the United States.
- He was born on February 12, 1809 in Sinking Spring Farm
located in LaRue County, Kentucky.
- Lincoln was majorly self taught and was, most of his time,
working on tasks designated by his family
- He started his political career in the Illinois House of
Representatives, serving four terms
- Abraham Lincoln was a leader in a time were america faced
one of its most violent conflicts, the American Civil War.
- Political Views:
- Abraham Lincoln was against slavery, endorsing policies such
as the Wilmot Proviso, which would ultimately, abolish it in
some territories of the nation.
- He would challenge many democratic presidents ideas and
policies. For example, his proposed ¨Spot Resolutions¨ which
 Blando 4

asked for President James K. Polok, to name the exact spot

where the battle was in ¨american soil¨.
- Rise in political career:
- In 1854, congress passed an act that allowed the electorate of
each territory to chose their status on slavery
(Kansas–Nebraska Act).
- Lincoln was very vocal against the Kansas-Nebraska act, even
acknowledging it as a issue that returned him to his political
life.
- The Republican Party was largely formed to combat slavery
and stick to the ideals in the northern part of the US.
- He tried to reform the Whigs, but their close ties with the
Know Nothing party and lack of popularity, ultimately made
him fearful of it´s fate.
- Lincoln tried to become part of the US Senate, yet he failed to
gain the majority, fortunately, Lyam Truball, an anti slavery
democrats that was endorsed by Lincoln, ended up winning
the race.
- In the late 1850s, Lincoln started to be a major and influential
figure in the Republican Party, even earning significan support
to become vice-president.
- Even though, the democrats support for former president
James Buchanan and the Whigs/Know Nothing endorsement
of strong candidate Millard Fillmore for the governor of
Illinois, Abraham Lincoln´s backed candidate William Henry
Bissell won the election.
- As more candidates won by Abraham Lincoln´s endorsement,
Republicans gave more trust and power to him.
- Lincoln was part of one of the most famous rivalries in
american history, where he would go against polar opposite
democratic candidate Stephen Douglas for the position of the
senator of Illinois.
- Abraham Lincoln stance became centered on morality and the
founding fathers ideals​, meanwhile, Stephen Douglas
gained popularity among people for his acceptance of slavery
in the north.
 Blando 5

- They had a variety of debates, where there main focus was the
topic of slavery. Both of them, as mentioned, had very
different point of view of the situation.
- Famous quote in one of his multiple debates with
Stephen Douglas:
- "A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this
government cannot endure permanently half slave and half
free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved—I do not expect
the house to fall—but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It
will become all one thing, or all the other¨ (Lincoln).
- Unfortunately for Lincoln, the democrats won more seats in
the legislative branch which let to the victory of Stephen
Douglas.
- After some years, the Media and peers of Lincoln started to
promote him as a possible presidential candidate for the
Republican party.
- Lincoln's speeches can be credited to his success on rising of
positions in the Republican party.
- Presidency and arising problems:
- On May 18, 1860, in the Republican National Convention,
Lincoln won the candidacy.
- The rise of the Wide Awakes (pro-republican youth group) and
northern support for Lincoln were major factors for his rising
popularity throughout the nation (US).
- On November 6, 1860, Lincoln 16th president of the United
states, and also was the first republican to win the race.
- After Lincoln won the presidency, states in the south, decided
to declare themselves sovern, naming themselves the
Confederate States of America.
- At first, senator John J. Crittenden proposed the Crittenden
Compromise which´s objective was to negotiate the
confederates stance on slavery and end the secession crisis.
- Yet, Lincoln completely rejected it, stating "I will suffer death
before I consent ... to any concession or compromise which
looks like buying the privilege to take possession of this
government to which we have a constitutional right" (Lincoln).
 Blando 6

- Civil War:
- The civil started just some months after he took the
presidency. Before, Lincoln preached to maintain the union,
and not to mention, do it in the most diplomatic way possible.
- Nonetheless, the tensions grew between the north and the
south, leading to the Confederates first military attack, taking
place in Fort Sumter, South Carolina.
- Lincoln had many issues with the congress, as they wouldn’t
fund the his military plan to fight against the confederate
soldiers.
- Abraham Lincoln would dismiss many generals, as they would
fail in tasks and implement their own radical laws and ideas.
- Major Battles:
- The Seven Days Battles:
- The Seven Days Battles was a major victory for the
confederacy. It also marked the end of the tenure for General
George B. McClellan, who failed to gain Lincoln trust after his
defeat.
- This series of battles, and the success of the confederacy,
demonstrated Robert E. Lee’s tactical talent and leadership in
the battlefield.
- "it seems unreasonable that a series of successes, extending
through half-a-year, and clearing more than a hundred
thousand square miles of country, should help us so little,
while a single half-defeat should hurt us so much” (Battlefields
1)
- Battle of Chancellorsville:
- The Battle of Chancellorsville took place in Spotsylvania
County, Virginia on April 30, 1863 till May 6, 1863.
- At first, General Joseph Hooker well-executed tactics seemed
to be working against the confederate attacks.
- Fortunately, for the confederacy, Robert E. Lee used various
warfare techniques such as: counter attacking troops when in
forest area, conducting an attack on an exposed flank, etc.
- In consequence of his risk taking and tactical experience, he
won his biggest battle the american civil war.
 Blando 7

- ¨Having divided and successfully fought his outnumbered

army four times in the face of superior numbers, Lee's victory
at Chancellorsville is widely considered to be his greatest of
the entire war¨ (Battlefield 1)
- Important Term:​ Joint Committee on the Conduct of War:
This committee was in charge of analyzing military operations
and personal.
- Inaugural address on Confederation:​ ¨Resolved, That
the maintenance inviolate of the rights of the States, and
especially the right of each State to order and control its own
domestic institutions according to its own judgment
exclusively, is essential to that balance of power on which the
perfection and endurance of our political fabric depend; and
we denounce the lawless invasion by armed force of the soil of
any State or Territory, no matter what pretext, as among the
gravest of crimes¨ (Yale 1).
- Important Term:
- Founding Father ideal: ¨All men are created equal¨
- He (Lincoln) interpreted it directly towards the idea that black
people deserved equality and rights from the government.
- Lawyer:
- Lincoln practiced law in Springfield, taking any case that was
available for him.
- He was known for being a defendant for a convicted killer
William ¨Duff¨ Armstrong, and his honesty which earned him
the nickname ¨Honest Abe¨
- “Lincoln appeared before the Illinois Supreme Court in 175
cases, in 51 as sole counsel, of which 31 were decided in his
favor” (Thomas 9).
- Extra Information and Links:
- LINKS:
- ¨Abraham Lincoln¨. ​History​. A&E Television Networks.
https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/abraham-linc
oln​. Accessed 3 Mar. 2019.
 Blando 8

- ¨Abraham Lincoln¨. The White House.

https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/preside
nts/abraham-lincoln/​. Accessed 3 Mar. 2019.
- Book​ #3​: Citation: Mieczkowski, Joe. ​Lincoln and his Cabinet​.
Edia Press. print.
- Book ​#4:​ Citation: Thomas Plat, Benjamin. ​Abraham Lincoln:
a Biography. T ​ urkey: Jeo King, 2017. Print.
- ¨First Inaugural Address of Abraham Lincoln¨. Lillian
Goldman Law Library​. Yale Law School.
http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/lincoln1.asp​.
Accessed 3 Mar. 2019.
- ¨Abraham Lincoln¨. ​American Battlefield​. History.
https://www.battlefields.org/learn/biographies/abraham-linc
oln​. Accessed 3 Mar. 2019.
- ¨Abraham Lincoln elected president¨. ​History​. A&E
Television Networks.
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/abraham-lincol
n-elected-president​. Accessed 3 Mar. 2019.
- ¨Battle of Chancellorsville¨. ​American Battlefield.​ History.
https://www.battlefields.org/learn/civil-war/battles/chancell
orsville​. Accessed 3 Mar. 2019.
- ¨JUNETEENTH: “THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION
— FREEDOM REALIZED AND DELAYED”. Prairie View A&M
University.
http://www.pvamu.edu/tiphc/research-projects/juneteenth-t
he-emancipation-proclamation-freedom-realized-and-delayed
/​. Accessed 3 Mar. 2019.

When was it created?

❏ Evidence:
- ¨On this day in 1863, Abraham Lincoln signs the Emancipation
Proclamation. Attempting to stitch together a nation mired in a
bloody civil war, Abraham Lincoln made a last-ditch, but carefully
calculated, decision regarding the institution of slavery in America
(History 1)¨.
❏ Explanation:
 Blando 9

- Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation on January

1, 1963. Seeking to recruit confederate african americans and save
the union from an ongoing and brutal civil war.
❏ Extra Information and Links:
- LINK:
- ¨Lincoln signs the Emancipation Proclamation¨. ​History​. A&E
Television Networks.
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/lincoln-signs-emancip
ation-proclamation​. Accessed 3 Mar. 2019.

2. When was it published?

❏ Evidence:
- ¨President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation
on January 1, 1863, as the nation approached its third year of bloody
civil war. The proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves"
within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free"
(National Archives).
❏ Explanation:
- President Abraham Lincoln signed the final Emancipation
Proclamation on January 1, 1863. This was used to not end slavery,
but rather as moral address and tactical decision directly to black
people, by giving them hope that the union would win, in effect,
gaining their side in the war.
❏ Extra Information and Links:
- LINK: ¨The Emancipation Proclamation¨. National Archives.
https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured-documents/emancipati
on-proclamation​. Accessed 3 Mar. 2019.

3. Where was it published?

❏ Evidence:
- ¨On this day in 1863, President Abraham Lincoln signs the final
Emancipation Proclamation, which ends slavery in the rebelling
 Blando 10

states. A preliminary proclamation was issued in September 1862,

following the Union victory at the Battle of Antietam in Maryland.
The act signaled an important shift in the Union’s Civil War aims,
expanding the goal of the war from reunification to include the
eradication of slavery¨ (History 1).
❏ Explanation:
- President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation
as a executive order, which´s purpose on paper was to free slaves on
areas of the south.
- Before that, Lincoln had provided a ¨preliminary proclamation¨ on
September 1862, after a major win in the Battle of Antietam in
Maryland.
❏ Extra Information and Links:
- LINK:
- ¨On This Day in History: The Preliminary Emancipation
Proclamation¨. ​National Underground Railroad Freedom Center.​
Smithsonian Institution Affiliations Program.
https://freedomcenter.org/voice/preliminary-emancipation-procla
mation​. Accessed 3 Mar. 2019.

4. Is there anything we know about the author that is pertinent to

our evaluation?
❏ Evidence:
- Morals:​ ​"The authors of the Declaration of Independence never
intended 'to say all were equal in color, size, intellect, moral
developments, or social capacity', but they 'did consider all men
created equal—equal in certain inalienable rights, among which are
life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness¨ (Prairie View A&M
University 1).
- In his tenure in the US House of Representatives, Lincoln along with
Congressman Joshua R. Giddings, ¨wrote a bill to abolish slavery in
the District of Columbia with compensation for the owners,
enforcement to capture fugitive slaves, and a popular vote on the
matter. He abandoned the bill when it failed to garner sufficient
Whig supporters¨ (Mieczkowski 11).
 Blando 11

- On the evening of April 14, 1865, John Wilkes Booth, a famous actor
and Confederate sympathizer, assassinated President Abraham
Lincoln at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C. The attack came only
five days after Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered his
massive army at Appomattox Court House, Virginia, effectively
ending the American Civil War.
❏ Explanation:
- Abraham Lincoln looked up to figures such as: John Adams, Thomas
Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert
Livingston, known as the ¨Committee of Five or Fathers of the
Declaration of Independence¨. He admired there views of equality
and rights for humanity, comparing their perspective to the idea of
abolishing slavery.
- Since the beginning of his political career, Lincoln had endorsed
various policies and acts that eradicated slavery.
- As mentioned, morally he was against any violation of rights even,
throughout his career, fighting, in specific, for black people´s liberty.
- Abraham Lincoln´s death is relevant, as it showed the impact that he
had on confederate members and the country. After winning the war,
Lincoln changed democrat and confederate racist policies,
outranging them in the process. John Wilkins Booth, believing that
the civil war had not ended and seeking revenge for the prior lost
battles, shot lincoln in the back of the head, killing him.
❏ Extra Information and Links:
- LINK: ¨Abraham Lincoln's Assassination¨. ​History.​ A&E Television
Networks.
https://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/abraham-lincol
n-assassination​. Accessed 3 Mar. 2019.
- ¨JUNETEENTH: “THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION —
FREEDOM REALIZED AND DELAYED”. Prairie View A&M
University.
http://www.pvamu.edu/tiphc/research-projects/juneteenth-the-em
ancipation-proclamation-freedom-realized-and-delayed/​. Accessed 3
Mar. 2019.
 Blando 12

Purpose
Why does this document exist?
❏ Evidence:
- “...It captured the hearts and imagination of millions of Americans
and fundamentally transformed the character of the war,” (Ferreiro
1)
- ¨Archivist of the United States David S. Ferriero explains that
although it did not abolish slavery altogether, the document is said to
have become a symbol of hope and freedom during the war¨
(National Archives 1).
❏ Explanation:
- This document is significant and important to the United States of
America.
- It represents a variety of the US struggles -
- Black Struggle:
- Since the beginning, black people were forced into slavery and
stripped of all their rights.
- As time passed, this practice became traditional, and in the US, it
became a ¨normality¨ and a law for its citizens.
- When Lincoln and his peers founded the Republican party, made out
of the idea of abolishing slavery, there was a new hope for the black
population.
- Unfortunately for them, Lincoln at the start, preached that he
wouldn´t intervene in with the governments laws on slavery, rather
he preferred to maintain the union.
- It was until the climax of the civil war, when Lincoln released the
Emancipation Proclamation, stating that all slaves in confederate
territories (3.5 million) were granted freedom.
- Even though, this proposal wasn't the law that effectively ended
slavery in the US (until the 13 amendment), it was one of the first
 Blando 13

texts that addressed the issue and gave hope for black people to
know that the abolishment of slavery was possible.
- Conflict:
- The Emancipation Proclamation also reflected the times and the
struggles of the ongoing civil war in the US.
- Confederate - Tactical wise, this executive order was genius, as it
ultimately ended the confederate chances of winning by creating
slave unrest in their territories, stripping them from any foreign
help, and creating a narrative in which the south is racist.
- Union - Meanwhile, the Union gained increased numbers of
personnel and were seen as heroes.
- Conclusion:
- The Emancipation Proclamation ensured the union´s win in a
bloody civil war, while the confederacy lost their territory and ideals
in the process.
- THIS DOCUMENT IMPACTED THE WAR IN A HUGE MANNER!!!
❏ Extra Information and Links:
- LINK: Lawrence, Kerri. ¨Visitors Get a Rare Opportunity to See the
Emancipation Proclamation¨.​ National Archives News​. National
Archives, 14 Feb. 2018.
https://www.archives.gov/news/articles/rare-opportunity-to-see-th
e-original-emancipation​. Accessed 3 Mar. 2019.

Why did the author create this piece of work? What is the intent?

❏ Evidence:
- ¨The Emancipation Proclamation led the way to total abolition of
slavery in the United States. With the Emancipation Proclamation,
the aim of the war changed to include the freeing of slaves in
addition to preserving the Union¨ (Battlefields 2)
- ¨In fact, the Proclamation was more of a symbolic statement than
anything else. It didn’t change the existence of slavery, but it did
change the meaning of the Civil War. Originally, the war was merely
a fight in which the North was trying to preserve the Union by
reuniting the North and South. The Proclamation changed the war
into a war on slavery¨ (Perles 2).
 Blando 14

-¨Originally, the war was merely a fight in which the North was trying
to preserve the Union by reuniting the North and South. The
Proclamation changed the war into a war on slavery. After the
Proclamation, each Union victory was a victory for those who
opposed slavery. It gave slaves who were fighting for their freedom a
reason to hope again, and it gave those who supported the Union
moral support to depend on¨ (Perles 2).
❏ Explanation:
- President Abraham Lincoln, at first, objective was to preserve the
union from it's separation and dispute. After many unsuccessful
attempts to maintain the nation undivided, Lincoln decided that war
was the only option.
- When the civil war was in it´s climax, Lincoln strategically published
the Emancipation Proclamation for various reasons:
- Morality and freedom of slaves: ​In this proclamation, Lincoln
addressed his concern for the lack of rights of slaves and directly
deemed that slaves were free ¨"That on the first day of January, in
the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all
persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State,
the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United
States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free¨ (Lincoln).
- Even though, he addressed them and promised the liberty of slaves,
this executive order only applied to territories controlled by the
confederates. Meaning that, it was until the union won, that slaves
would be free.
- (Continuation)....
- Giving black people hope:
- Lincoln mostly used the Emancipation Proclamation to, in a way,
manipulate black people in the confederate states to join the North.
Even stating, ...¨in accordance with my purpose so to do publicly
proclaimed for the full period of one hundred days, from the day first
above mentioned, order and designate as the States and parts of
States wherein the people thereof respectively, are this day in
rebellion against the United States¨ (Lincoln).
- He especially targeted southern states, to gain black people from
those areas, and in objective, to win more personel and the war.
 Blando 15

- (Continuation)...
- Changed the Meaning:
- Before, the Civil War was about the preservation of the disputing
union. Yet, after the Emancipation Proclamation, Lincoln made this
battle more symbolic. Now, black people were fighting for more than
the victory of the union, but for long awaited, freedom and rights.
- It also, in directly, solidified Lincoln as a ¨hero¨ and a figure for
black rights, for the morality of the US.
❏ Extra Information and Links:
- LINK: ¨10 Facts: The Emancipation Proclamation¨. ​American
Battlefield.​ History.
https://www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/10-facts-emancipation-p
roclamation​. Accessed 3 Mar. 2019.
- ¨Transcript of Emancipation Proclamation¨. ​Our Documents.​
National Archives.
https://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=false&doc=34&page
=transcript​. Accessed 3 Mar. 2019.

1. Why did the author choose the particular form?

❏ Evidence:
- ¨On September 22, 1862, Lincoln issued a preliminary warning that
he would order the emancipation of all slaves in any state that did
not end its rebellion against the Union by January 1, 1863¨ (History
1)
- ¨Now, therefore I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States,
by virtue of the power in me vested as Commander-in-Chief, of the
Army and Navy of the United States in time of actual armed rebellion
against the authority and government of the United States, and as a
fit and necessary war measure for suppressing said rebellion¨
(Lincoln).
❏ Explanation:
- President Abraham Lincoln chose to create the Emancipation
Proclamation as an executive order to demonstrate an image of
commitment and authority to the public.
 Blando 16

- As mentioned, he wanted to convey a powerful message directly to

black people and the confederate states.
- This was issued, at a time in the war, were the Union had suffered
enormous defeats, but was starting to gain more strategic wins.
- He was convincing the black population that the Union, at the end,
was going to defeat the confederates.
- That there rights and liberty, without doubts, would be established
after their (Union) win.
- It almost seemed that he wanted people to perceive him as the leader
that would stabilize the nation, if he wasn't have worries.
❏ Extra Information and Links:
- LINK:
- ¨On This Day in History: The Preliminary Emancipation
Proclamation¨. ​National Underground Railroad Freedom Center​.
Smithsonian Institution Affiliations Program.
https://freedomcenter.org/voice/preliminary-emancipation-procla
mation​. Accessed 3 Mar. 2019.
- ¨Transcript of Emancipation Proclamation¨. ​Our Documents.​
National Archives.
https://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=false&doc=34&page
=transcript​. Accessed 3 Mar. 2019.
- ¨Lincoln issues Emancipation Proclamation¨. ​History​. A&E
Television Networks.
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/lincoln-issues-emanci
pation-proclamation​. Accessed 3 Mar. 2019.

Who is the intended audience? Who was the author thinking would
receive this?
❏ Evidence:
- ¨The intended audiences of the Emancipation Proclamation are the
eleven rebelling states. Slaves in the Confederacy were freed by law,
but not action¨ (Mohamed 3).
- ¨The unintended audience to the legislature was the Union. The
Union Army received many enlistments from slaves who ran away
from their Southern owners if they took the risk and fled due to
hearing about the Emancipation or have just had it with the lifestyle
 Blando 17

they had to live. Blacks who escaped to the Union States were put to
work in factories to provide for the army¨ (Mohamed 3)
❏ Explanation:
- Confederacy
- Lincoln targeted southern states, threatening them of what was to
happen when the Union won the war.
- This proclamation was used as a tool to show the confederacy about
Lincoln's plan and intentions to abolish slavery in there same
territories after the the union wins the war.
- Black Population:
- After the emancipation proclamation, various slaves escaped from
the confederate states, and went on to join the union.
- Indirectly, this proclamation had a large impact on the black
population in that time, as they saw the war as a priority to win, for
their freedom.
- That is why, as mentioned, in those period of times, slaves would
travel to the north, in hope of helping the union defeat the
confederacy.
❏ Extra Information and Links:
- LINK: Hassan, Mohamed. ¨Rhetorical Analysis On The
Emancipation Proclamation¨. Penn State. 5 Oct. 2016,
https://sites.psu.edu/hassanrcl/2016/10/05/rhetorical-analysis-the
-emancipation-proclamation/​. Accessed 3 Mar. 2019.

What does the document “say”?

❏ Evidence and Explanation:
- 1. ¨A Proclamation. Whereas, on the twenty-second day of
September, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and
sixty-two, a proclamation was issued by the President of the United
States, containing, among other things, the following, to wit:¨
(Lincoln).
- This the introduction in which, the author, Abraham Lincoln, states
the date and his position in the government.
- Not to mention, mentioning that this is a proclamation and that it is
coming from two authorities: God and him.
 Blando 18

- He is stating, ¨a proclamation issued by the President of the United

States¨ (lincoln) to make himself and the proclamation be perceived
as powerful and critical.
- "That on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one
thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held as slaves
within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof
shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then,
thenceforward, and forever free; and the Executive Government of
the United States, including the military and naval authority thereof,
will recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons, and will do
no act or acts to repress such persons, or any of them, in any efforts
they may make for their actual freedom¨
- In here, Lincoln states famously that slaves are free in rebel
(confederate) territories.
- He also, again, mentioned a variety of positions in the government,
giving them meaning of authority, while stating that none of them
shall disobey the proclamations rules.
- Correspondingly, Lincoln in here, indirectly states that it is until the
union wins the war that slaves shall be free in the nation.
- "That the Executive will, on the first day of January aforesaid, by
proclamation, designate the States and parts of States, if any, in
which the people thereof, respectively, shall then be in rebellion
against the United States; and the fact that any State, or the people
thereof, shall on that day be, in good faith, represented in the
Congress of the United States by members chosen thereto at
elections wherein a majority of the qualified voters of such State
shall have participated, shall, in the absence of strong countervailing
testimony, be deemed conclusive evidence that such State, and the
people thereof, are not then in rebellion against the United States¨
(Lincoln).
- In here, Lincoln talks about how he believes that congress does not
endorse this rebellion. He also believes that people of states should
be represented in congress, yet they will not allow this confederacy to
prevail.
- ¨Now, therefore I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States,
by virtue of the power in me vested as Commander-in-Chief, of the
 Blando 19

Army and Navy of the United States in time of actual armed rebellion
against the authority and government of the United States, and as a
fit and necessary war measure for suppressing said rebellion, do, on
this first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight
hundred and sixty-three, and in accordance with my purpose so to
do publicly proclaimed for the full period of one hundred days, from
the day first above mentioned, order and designate as the States and
parts of States wherein the people thereof respectively, are this day
in rebellion against the United States, the following, to wit:¨
(Lincoln).
- He restates again what was previously mentioned.
- In this paragraph, it is clear that he wants to confirm that he is the
authority that rules the nation, and that all should obey his rules.
- Other than that, it is again saying that in a period of a hundred days,
all slaves would be free in confederate grounds.
- Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana, (except the Parishes of St. Bernard,
Plaquemines, Jefferson, St. John, St. Charles, St. James Ascension,
Assumption, Terrebonne, Lafourche, St. Mary, St. Martin, and
Orleans, including the City of New Orleans) Mississippi, Alabama,
Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia,
(except the forty-eight counties designated as West Virginia, and also
the counties of Berkley, Accomac, Northampton, Elizabeth City,
York, Princess Ann, and Norfolk, including the cities of Norfolk and
Portsmouth[)], and which excepted parts, are for the present, left
precisely as if this proclamation were not issued. And by virtue of the
power, and for the purpose aforesaid, I do order and declare that all
persons held as slaves within said designated States, and parts of
States, are, and henceforward shall be free; and that the Executive
government of the United States, including the military and naval
authorities thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of said
persons.
- In here, Lincoln is stating the states and territories were this new
proclamation applies to. Also, that all positions in the government
will recognize this proclamation as a law, after the a hundred days.
- And I hereby enjoin upon the people so declared to be free to abstain
from all violence, unless in necessary self-defence; and I recommend
 Blando 20

to them that, in all cases when allowed, they labor faithfully for
reasonable wages. And I further declare and make known, that such
persons of suitable condition, will be received into the armed service
of the United States to garrison forts, positions, stations, and other
places, and to man vessels of all sorts in said service.
- This is an important part, as Lincoln mentions that black people
should be, after being free, payed freely. Yet, most notably, that all
black men are welcome to join the armed forces, were they will be
paid fairly, and win their freedom (Union win).
- And upon this act, sincerely believed to be an act of justice,
warranted by the Constitution, upon military necessity, I invoke the
considerate judgment of mankind, and the gracious favor of
Almighty God. In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and
caused the seal of the United States to be affixed. Done at the City of
Washington, this first day of January, in the year of our Lord one
thousand eight hundred and sixty three, and of the Independence of
the United States of America the eighty-seventh.
- He again repeats, that in a hundred days, all slaves are free from the
confederate territories.
- Lincoln also emphasizes that this proclamation is something that is
influenced by good morals and for the benefit of mankind.
❏ Extra Information and Links:
- LINK: ¨Transcript of Emancipation Proclamation¨. ​Our Documents.​
National Archives.
https://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=false&doc=34&page
=transcript​. Accessed 3 Mar. 2019

Value

1. What can we tell about the author about this piece?

❏ Evidence:
- ¨Abraham Lincoln was “a man of profound feeling, just and firm
principles, and incorruptible integrity,” wrote Civil War general and
politician Carl Schurz¨ (Knopf 1).
 Blando 21

- “more than ever impressed by his kindly nature, his deep and
earnest sympathy with the afflictions of the whole people, resulting
from the war, and by the march of hostile armies through the South;
and that his earnest desire seemed to be to end the war speedily,
without more bloodshed or devastation, and to restore all the men of
both sections to their homes¨ (Knopf 1).
- ¨For much of the Civil War, Mr. Lincoln juggled conflicting
pressures and politicians on the issue of slavery. But the movement
toward emancipation of all black Americans was inexorable¨ (Mr.
Lincoln and Freedom 1).
❏ Explanation:
- Abraham Lincoln was a person that, throughout his political career,
maintained his morals, and even under pressured, tried to restore
and solve any problems that faced him.
- Since the beginning, he tried to understand both sides of the war,
continuously trying to solve it in a diplomatic way, until violence was
the only option.
- Lincoln faced hard times, were humanities morals did not agree with
the nations southern values.
❏ Extra Information and Links:
- LINK:
- ¨Civil War¨. ​Mr. Lincoln and Freedom​. The Lehrman Institute.
http://www.mrlincolnandfreedom.org/civil-war/​. Accessed 3 Mar.
2019.
- Miller, William. ¨Abraham Lincoln’s Values and Philosophy¨.
Abraham Lincoln's Classroom​. The Lehrman Institute.
http://www.abrahamlincolnsclassroom.org/abraham-lincoln-in-dep
th/abraham-lincolns-values-and-philosophy/​. Accessed 3 Mar. 2019.

What can we tell about the time period from the piece? What
was going on in history at the time the piece was created and
how does this piece accurately reflect it?

❏ Evidence:
 Blando 22

- ¨For example, he kept major European powers — mainly Britain —

from intervening during the Civil War and thwarting the Union’s
plans. He didn’t engage when foreign nations started nearby wars.
And he leveraged new technological advancements, like the
proliferation of newspapers and faster transportation, to influence
global public opinion to his cause¨ (Ward 1).
- ¨But the military necessities of putting down the rebellion pushed
President Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation. President
Lincoln said of the Emancipation Proclamation, “It is my last card,
and I will play it and may win the trick.”11 But Mr. Lincoln did not
believe that one card alone would win the war. He told Canadian
doctor Alexander Milton: “I am glad you are pleased with the
Emancipation Proclamation, but there is work before us yet; we
must make that proclamation effective by victories over our
enemies¨ (Mr. Lincoln and Freedom 1).
- ¨Ronald C. White Jr. wrote in Lincoln’s Greatest Speech wrote:
“Lincoln’s challenge as president was how to balance his opposition
to slavery and his fidelity to the Constitution. He was aware that
there was a certain truth in [William Lloyd] Garrison’s charge that
the Constitution was a compromise document that allowed slavery in
the South. Lincoln had, however, argued at Cooper Union in 1860
that the founders were united in opposing the spread of slavery to
the new territories. He came to believe that the founders believed or
hoped that slavery would one day become extinct.”5So did Mr.
Lincoln¨ (Mr. Lincoln and Freedom 1)
-
❏ Explanation:
- Abraham Lincoln, by being a Republican candidate and supporting
the abolition of slavery, caused a major outrage in the south.
- As tensions grew and the many people did not consider him as a
legitimate president, the confederate troops became active.
- It was until the confederates attacked, that president Lincoln had no
option but to use violence.
- During those times he struggled as a variety of general were
unsuccessful of leading the Union.
 Blando 23

- Meanwhile, Robert E. Lee, from the confederation, was a genius in

tactics and a natural leader, who won large battles in the beginning.
- As time passed, and the confederates seemed to win, Lincoln had to
propose something that could overturn the current results.
- When the Emancipation Proclamation was created, black men and
woman joined the troops for any needs, helping them, in the end, to
win the war.
- Not to mention, Abraham Lincoln did a brilliant job on keeping
foreign nations from interfering or putting attention to war.
❏ Extra Information and Links:
- LINK: Ward, Alex. ¨How Abraham Lincoln’s foreign policy helped
win the Civil War¨. ​Vox​. Vox Media, 18 Feb. 2019.
https://www.vox.com/world/2019/2/18/18226260/presidents-day-
abraham-lincoln-civil-war-foreign-policy​. Accessed 3 Mar. 2019.
- ¨Civil War¨. ​Mr. Lincoln and Freedom​. The Lehrman Institute.
http://www.mrlincolnandfreedom.org/civil-war/​. Accessed 3 Mar.
2019.

What can we tell about any controversies from the piece? Does
the author represent a particular ‘side’ of a controversy or
event?
❏ Evidence:
- ¨The Emancipation Proclamation was a wartime order designed and
worded by a commander in chief to achieve a limited military aim —
weaken the Confederacy — not to end slavery in America or make the
former slaves citizens¨ (Hampson 1)
- ¨The proclamation, controversial in its own time, laid down a pathway
for the future and provided a commitment to ending slavery. The
document promoted the mission of reestablishing a unified nation—a
goal that was seen as an important part of creating a fairer and better
America¨ (Segovia 1)
❏ Explanation:
- Controversial Topics:
 Blando 24

- At first, Lincoln didn't want to abolish slavery, as it would be

unconstitutional and would cause major outrage among the majority
of the nation (US).
- Many argue that Lincoln did not make the objective of the
Emancipation Proclamation to combat inequality for blacks, but
rather use this purely as a military tactic.
- Not to mention, in the counter side, they argue that Lincoln did use
the Emancipation Proclamation as a military strategy, yet in the long
term, he did want to do the morally correct decision, granting liberty
to slaves.
- Another point brought is that some question Abraham Lincoln
decision to free slaves exclusively in the southern states, as this
didn't make an instant change and delayed the process, not to
mention, give false hope of liberty to the black population.
- Correspondingly, when Lincoln released the proclamation, many
black men joined the union army because he promised better wages
to who joined. This has be seen, as a tool of manipulation, him
wanting victory for himself not for the slaves.
- To this day, his intentions on this proclamation remains a
controversy
- Controversial Topics in the Past:
- At the time, Lincoln was seen as a controversial figure…
- In the 1800s, most of american society agreed that slavery and
discrimination was acceptable. Lincoln, in the other hand, was part
of a party that was founded on ideals that supported slave
abolishment, making him an extremely controversial leader at the
time.
- The executive order to grant liberty to slaves in the south was very
surprising for both sides in the war, as by the constitution this policy
seemed impossible, in addition, to Lincoln's prior statements on not
planning to abolish slavery.
- Conclusively, it is evident that Abraham Lincoln was a pioneer for
black rights and morality, yet, without question, he was leader that
by his decisions, especially with the Emancipation Proclamation, is
very controversial.
❏ Extra Information and Links:
 Blando 25

- LINK:
- Hampson, Rick. ¨150 years later, Lincoln's Emancipation still sparks
debate¨. USA Today. ​Gannett Company​, 25 Dec. 2012.
https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2012/12/25/lincolns
-emancipation-move-still-sparks-debate/1791025/​. Accessed 3 Mar.
2019.
- Segovia, Gregory. ¨The Emancipation Proclamation through
Different Eyes¨. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History.
https://www.gilderlehrman.org/content/emancipation-proclamatio
n-through-different-eyes​. Accessed 3 Mar. 2019.
- Mackey, Thomas. ¨Review Essay: The Uncertainties of Lincoln’s
Emancipation¨. ​The Abraham Lincoln Association​. University of
Michigan, Apr. 2013.
https://quod.lib.umich.edu/j/jala/2629860.0034.206/--uncertainti
es-of-lincolns-emancipation-lincolns-hundred-days?rgn=main;view
=fulltext​. Accessed 3 Mar. 2019.

What can we tell about the author’s perspectives from the

piece?
❏ Evidence:
- ¨During the early days of the secession crisis, Lincoln even agreed
that, if it would reassure the South, he would support a
constitutional amendment to make explicit that the national
government had no power to interfere with slavery in the states
where it was established¨ (Black 1).
- ¨This can be, and perhaps should be, taken as further evidence that
Lincoln’s top priority was to save the Union. Any slave state willing
to rejoin the Union would be allowed to keep its slaves. In fact, none
of the secessionist states took Lincoln up on the “offer,” so on Jan. 1,
1863, Lincoln followed through with the final proclamation. It
applied to 10 states, which were explicitly named in the document¨
(Black 2).
- ¨Denying the moral factor is needlessly silly. Critics cite Lincoln's
famous letter of Aug. 22, 1862, to Horace Greeley, in which the
President stated that he would save the union by freeing all slaves,
 Blando 26

some, or none at all. Generally omitted is the letter's last sentence: ''I
have stated here my purpose according to my view of official duty;
and I intend no modification of my oft-expressed personal wish that
all men everywhere could be free'' (Sandage 1)
❏ Explanation:
- From these piece we can see two perspectives -
- Confederate:
- Lincoln sees the confederates as rebels who are disrespecting his
power and morality.
- In his perspective, the United States is in one of its biggest crisis,
thousands of soldiers have been killed, and essentially, he is unable
to preserve the union without violence.
- In the climax of the war, Lincoln decides to release the Emancipation
Proclamation, indirectly stripping the confederates from foreign help
and victory.
- Morally:
- Since the beginning of his career, Lincoln did want to make a change
about slavery, even proposing to abolish it.
- Yet he believed that the constitution obligated him to overturn his
morals, and focus on keeping the Union united, rather than
liberating slaves.
- In this text, he doesn't free slaves in confederate territories with the
intentions of following his morals, but to, as mentioned, defeat
indirectly the confederates.
- Note: Many historians argue that, even though, Lincoln objective of
releasing the Emancipation Proclamation was to preserve the union,
he did want to free slaves in the long term, even in defeat.
- Extra Information and Links:
- LINK: Sandage, Scott. ¨Freeing Slaves Wasn't Just a Military
Tactic¨. ​New York Times.​ The New York Times Company, 23 July.
1997.
https://www.nytimes.com/1997/07/23/opinion/l-freeing-slaves-wa
sn-t-just-a-military-tactic-260851.html​. Accessed 3 Mar. 2019.
- Erick, Black. ¨Reconsidering the Emancipation Proclamation: What
were Lincoln’s motives?¨. MinnPost, 1 Feb. 2013.
https://www.minnpost.com/eric-black-ink/2013/01/reconsidering-
 Blando 27

emancipation-proclamation-what-were-lincoln-s-motives/​. Accessed
3 Mar. 2019.

Limitations

Being biased does not limit the value of a source! If you are going to comment on
the bias of a document, you must go into detail.
- Who is it biased towards?
- The Union/Republicans:
- It is obvious that in this address/proclamation,
Lincoln was biased towards his own and peers
ideals of abolishing slavery, but most importantly,
defeating the confederacy.
- This can be seen, especially, when he mentions
that only slaves in the rebellion (southern) states
would be liberated, not including the union
controlled areas.
- He, as mentioned, prefers the union side, as he is
the head of state for them, and is in a war against
the confederacy for ultimately the nation.
- Lincoln believes that, not only, proposing slavery
in confederate territories is a crucial military
tactic, but it is also morally, the best option.
- Evidence:
- But by mid-1862, as thousands of slaves fled to
join the invading Northern armies, Lincoln was
convinced that abolition had become a sound
military strategy, as well as the morally correct
path¨ (History 1).
- ¨After the Union Army turned back Lee's first
invasion of the North at Antietam, MD, and the
Emancipation Proclamation was subsequently
announced, black recruitment was pursued in
earnest¨ (Archives 1)
 Blando 28

- LINK: ¨Emancipation Proclamation¨. ​History​.

A&E Television Networks.
https://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-
war/emancipation-proclamation​. Accessed 3 Mar.
2019.
- ¨Black Soldiers in the U.S. Military During the
Civil War¨. National Archives, 1 Sep. 2017.
https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/bla
cks-civil-war​. Accessed 3 Mar. 2019.
- Explanation:
- Who is it biased against?
- Evidence:
- ¨Most crucially, this measure effectively
sabotaged Confederate attempts to secure
recognition by foreign governments, especially
Great Britain. When reunification was the sole
goal of the North, the Confederates could be
viewed by foreigners as freedom fighters being
held against their will by the Union¨ (History 1).
- ¨The proclamation freed all slaves in states that
were still in rebellion on January 1, 1863. Lincoln
used vacated Congressional seats to determine
the areas still in rebellion, as some parts of the
South had already been recaptured and
representatives returned to Congress under
Union supervision¨ (History 1).
- Explanation:
- LINK: ¨The Emancipation Proclamation takes
effect¨. ​History.​ A&E Television Networks.
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the
-emancipation-proclamation-takes-effect​.
Accessed 3 Mar. 2019.

What part of a story does it leave out? What can

we NOT tell from this story? What does the
 Blando 29

author leave out and why does he/she leave it out

(if you know)?
❏ Evidence:
- "Lincoln said during the Civil War that he had always seen slavery as
unjust. He said he couldn't remember when he didn't think that way
— and there's no reason to doubt the accuracy or sincerity of that
statement," explains historian Eric Foner. "The problem arises with
the next question: What do you do with slavery, given that it's
unjust? Lincoln took a very long time to try to figure out exactly what
steps ought to be taken¨ (Foner 1).
- ¨However, other then the abolitionists, the radical opponents of
slavery (and practitioners of the “ethics of conviction”) with their
demand of immediate emancipation, Lincoln opted for a
compromise: let slavery exist where it was granted by the
Constitution, but contain the system and prevent its further
expansion¨ (Nagler 1).
❏ Explanation:
- The Confederacy/South:
- The actions proposed in the Emancipation Proclamation, ultimately
was a factor for the Confederacy´s lost of foreign recognition, people,
and, in the end, their defeat.
- Foreign Recognition - Before, when Lincoln wanted to maintain the
union, the confederates could of gotten foreign help, as they were
seen by the international eye as ¨freedom fighters¨ (History 1).
- Luckily for Lincoln, the Emancipation Proclamation and his new
intentions, was the primary reason why countries like Great Britain
did not intervene on the civil war.
- People - The Emancipation Proclamation, as previously mentioned,
gave a sense of hope to the black community. Lincoln interpreted a
message were if the Union won, the slaves that were part of the
confederacy would be free.
- In the process, the Union gained a large amount of black men who
escaped from the South, and wanted to join their army.
- Defeat - In Conclusion, this factors mentioned above, were
responsible for the downfall of the Confederate rebellion.
 Blando 30

- The Emancipation Proclamation, mainly, was the start of the

multiple events that would unfold for the victory of the Union.
❏ Extra Information and Links:
- LINK:
- ¨Lincoln on Slavery¨. National Park Service, 10 Apr. 2015.
https://www.nps.gov/liho/learn/historyculture/slavery.htm​.
Accessed 3 Mar. 2019.
- Foner, Eric. ¨Lincoln's Evolving Thoughts On Slavery, And
Freedom¨. ​National Public Radio.​ WRN Broadcast. 11 Oct. 2010,
https://www.npr.org/2010/10/11/130489804/lincolns-evolving-tho
ughts-on-slavery-and-freedom​. Accessed 3 Mar. 2019.
- Parkinson, Hillary. ¨Lincoln to Slaves: go somewhere else¨. National
Archives, 1 Dec. 2010.
https://prologue.blogs.archives.gov/2010/12/01/lincoln-to-slaves-g
o-somewhere-else/​. Accessed 3 Mar. 2019.

How can we verify the content of the piece?

❏ Evidence:
- Citation: ¨Transcript of Emancipation Proclamation¨. ​Our
Documents​. National Archives.
https://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=false&doc=34&page
=transcript​. Accessed 3 Mar. 2019.
- Religion: ¨...In the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and
sixty-two¨ (Lincoln 1).
- Power and positions:
- ¨Now, therefore I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States,
by virtue of the power in me vested as Commander-in-Chief, of the
Army and Navy of the United States in time of actual armed rebellion
against the authority and government of the United States¨ (Lincoln
1).
- ¨And by virtue of the power, and for the purpose aforesaid, I do
order and declare that all persons held as slaves within said
designated States, and parts of States, are, and henceforward shall be
 Blando 31

free; and that the Executive government of the United States,

including the military and naval authorities thereof, will recognize
and maintain the freedom of said persons¨ (Lincoln 1)
❏ Explanation:
- Document:
- By verifying the document, it is official and placed in the US
government's national archives.
- The citations are below, and completely show that this text, quote on
quote, is real and from a reliable source.
- Lincoln´s style:
- The reader can see many religious figures in Lincoln's speeches and
texts, in here, it is present as well.
- Language wise: He uses very formal language, were he leaves the
reader with a feeling of hopefulness.
- Normally, like in the Emancipation Proclamation, he states his and
his cabinets positions. Clearly stating there and his powers with the
law.
❏ Extra Information and Links:
- LINK: ¨Transcript of Emancipation Proclamation¨. ​Our Documents.​
National Archives.
https://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=false&doc=34&page
=transcript​. Accessed 3 Mar. 2019.

Does this piece inaccurately reflect anything about the time period?
❏ Evidence:
- ¨The Emancipation Proclamation changed the meaning and purpose
of the Civil War. The war was no longer just about preserving the
Union— it was also about freeing the slaves. Foreign powers such as
Britain and France lost their enthusiasm for supporting the
Confederacy¨ (Historical Society of Pennsylvania).
❏ Explanation:
- Not necessarily, Lincoln reflects more of his personal and the
Union´s desperation on the civil war status.
- Not to mention, he also demonstrates the black struggle during those
times, and how, especially, this was evident in the South.
 Blando 32

- The only pieces missing, as mentioned, was his past with the issue
and proposed solutions.
- Other than that, Lincoln in this text, creates an executive order that
not only reflected the times, but changed history.
- To this day, people still mention this text, as a piece that changed the
direction of the US.
❏ Extra Information and Links:
- LINK: ¨The Immediate Effects of the Emancipation Proclamation¨.
Historical Society of Pennsylvania​. Philadelphia's Library of
American History.
https://hsp.org/education/unit-plans/the-immediate-effects-of-the-
emancipation-proclamation​. Accessed 3 Mar. 2019.

What is purposely not addressed?

❏ Evidence:
- ¨President Lincoln wrote his reply when a draft of the Emancipation
Proclamation already lay in his desk drawer. His response revealed
his concentration on preserving the Union. The letter, which
received acclaim in the North, stands as a classic statement of
Lincoln's constitutional responsibilities¨ (Abraham Lincoln Online)
- ¨My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and is
not either to save or to destroy slavery. If I could save the Union
without freeing any slave I would do it, and if I could save it by
freeing all the slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing
some and leaving others alone I would also do that¨ (Lincoln 1)
❏ Explanation:
- As mentioned, previously, Lincoln does not address his intentions of
keeping slavery in the Union.
- This is because, the Emancipation Proclamation, created an
atmosphere in which the war had a new different meaning.
 Blando 33

- For a time, it was just the civil war between the Union and
confederacy, but after this proclamation, it was a battle that defined
black rights.
- If Lincoln would of mentioned his previous intentions or plan for the
union, his increasing black personal and possible victory could of
been lost.
❏ Extra Information and Links:
- LINK:
- ¨Transcript of Emancipation Proclamation¨. ​Our Documents​.
National Archives.
https://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=false&doc=34&page
=transcript​. Accessed 3 Mar. 2019.
- Basler, Roy. ¨Letter to Horace Greeley¨. ​Collected Works of
Abraham Lincoln.​ Abraham Lincoln Online.
http://www.abrahamlincolnonline.org/lincoln/speeches/greeley.ht
m​. Accessed 3 Mar. 2019.