*Newmark–01: Stress beneath a tank at different depths.

(Revision: Sept.-08)
A construction site has a surface layer of Aeolic sand 2 m thick, underlain by a 10 m
thick clay stratum. The project involves placing a wastewater treatment tank, 10 m x 10
m in plan, with a contact pressure po = 400 kN/m². Find the stress down the centerline of
the tank at the top and the bottom of the clay stratum using Newmark’s influence chart
shown below.

BB == 1100 m
m
B = 10 m for point #1
SSA
ANND
D 22 m
m
1

m
C
CLLA
AYY 1100 m
m

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B = 10 m for point # 2

o.
2
rs e
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A B
o
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Influence Value (IV) = 1/200 = 0.005

ed d
ar stu

The increase in the vertical stress is found from p = po M (IV) where M is the number
sh is

of “squares” enclosed in the Newmark chart and (IV) is the influence value.
Th

For p1, AB = 2 m p1 = po M(IV) = (400 kN/m²) (190) (0.005) p1 = 380 kN/m²

For p2, AB = 12 m p2 = po M(IV) = (400 kN/m²) (42) (0.005) p2 = 84 kN/m²
(which represents a 78% reduction in the vertical stress).

https://www.coursehero.com/file/6398551/PE-09d-Newmark/ 228
 *Newmark-02: The stress below the center of the edge of a footing.
(Revision: Aug-08)
Find the stress at the point A shown below, at a depth of 3 m below the edge of the
footing. The plan of the square footing has been plotted on top of the Newmark graph
to a scale of AB = 3m and placed in such a way that point A falls directly over the center
of the chart.

Solution:

The distance AB is now = 3m

660 kN

m
er as
1.5 m

co
Footing Size 3m x 3m

eH w
o.
rs e
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3m

Elevation
1.5m
o

A
aC s
vi y re
ed d
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A 3m
sh is

Plan View
Th

3m

The number of elements inside the outline of the plan is about M = 45. Hence,
6 6 0 kN
∆ p = q M ( IV ) = ( 4 5 )( 0 .0 0 5 ) = 1 6 .5 k N / m2
( 3 m )( 3 m )

https://www.coursehero.com/file/6398551/PE-09d-Newmark/ 229
 *Newmark-03: Stress at a point distant from the loaded footing.
(Revision: Aug-08)
The footing shown below has a load q = 1.8 ksf. Find the stress at a depth of 5 feet below
the footing invert, at the point C.
Depth Point = Z
Solution:

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Solution:

Set AB = 5 and draw the footing to that scale. The number of affected areas M =8,
therefore

∆p = q M (IV) = (1,800 psf)(8)(0.005) = 72 psf

https://www.coursehero.com/file/6398551/PE-09d-Newmark/ 230
 *Newmark-04: Stresses coming from complex shaped foundations.
(Revision: Aug-08)
A small but heavy utility building will be placed over a 2 m thick sand stratum. Below
the sand is a clay stratum 2 m thick. Find the stress at points A and B in the clay
stratum directly below point C at the surface.

Solution:

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Solution:
kN
sh is

Point A (top of clay stratum) q A = q M ( IV ) = (100 )(136 )( 0.005 ) = 68

m2
Th

kN
Point B (bottom of clay) q B = q M ( IV ) = (100 )(100 )( 0.005 ) = 50 2
m
q + qB ( 70 + 50 ) kN
qaverage = A = = 59 2
2 2 m

https://www.coursehero.com/file/6398551/PE-09d-Newmark/ 231
 *Newmark-05: Stress beneath a circular oil tank.
(Revision: Aug-08)
A circular oil storage tank will be built at the shore of Tampa Bay. It will be 20 m in
diameter, and 15 m high. The tank sits upon a 2 m thick sand deposit that rests upon a
clay stratum 16 m thick. The water table is at practically at the surface. Find the stress
increase from a fully loaded tank, at mid-clay stratum, (a) directly under the center of
the tank, and (b) at its outer edge, using the Newmark influence chart shown below.
Set AB 10 m Influence Value (IV) = 0.001
Solution:

The contact stress is qo = (0.95)(9.81 kN/m3)(15m) = 140 kN / m 2

At mid-clay depth along the centerline of the tank (depth = 10 m) ∴ OQ = 10 m

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kN
σ v' = ( qo − γ w h ) M ( IV ) = 140 − ( 9.81)(10 ) ( 680 )( 0.001) = 28.5
m2

https://www.coursehero.com/file/6398551/PE-09d-Newmark/ 232
 **Newmark-06: Use Newmark with a settlement problem.
(Revision: Aug-08)
A small but heavily loaded utility building has dimensions of 20 m x 20 m. It applies a
uniform load on its mat foundation of 100 kN/m2. Its mat foundation sits 1 m below the
surface. The soil profile consists of 3 m of a dry sand, with = 17.5 kN/m3 under laid by
a 5 m thick clay layer with a = 18.5 kN/m3, a moisture content of 22%, Cc = 0.30 and a
Gs = 2.70. The clay stratum is under laid by another sand stratum, and the phreatic
surface coincides with the top of the clay stratum.
(1) Using the Newmark method, what are the new stresses at the top and bottom of
the clay stratum due to the building’s loading?
(2) What is the expected differential settlement between the building’s center and
one of its corners, in mm?
(3) If a laboratory sample 4” thick of the field clay attained 50% consolidation in 5
hours, what time will the clay layer in the field attain 60% consolidation?

m
q =100 kN/m2

er as
co
1m SAND

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3m
2m

o.
C E
• •
rs e CLAY
ou urc
γ = 18.5 kN/m3 w = 22 %
5m

•D F
o

•
aC s

Solution:
vi y re

(1) Set AB = 2 m and observe that the building's foot-print covers the entire graph.
∴ ∆ σ E = 100 kN / m 2
ed d

Set AB = 7 m and the number of units M = 175

ar stu

∴ ∆ σ F = qM ( IV ) = (100 )(175 )( 0.005 ) = 87.5 kN / m 2

The stress at point C has dropped to 50% of the stress at E,
sh is

∴ ∆ σ C = 50 kN / m 2 and ∴ ∆ σ D = ( 0.96 )( 50 ) = 48 kN / m 2
Th

(100 + 87.5 ) kN
Average stress in the clay stratum beneath the center = = 93.8
2 m2

Average stress in the clay stratum beneath the corner =

( 50 + 48 ) = 49
kN
2 m2

https://www.coursehero.com/file/6398551/PE-09d-Newmark/ 233
 (2) The differential settlement between the center and a corner of the building is,
Cc = 0.30 and GS = 2.70
wGs ( 0.22)( 2.70)
Seo = wGS ∴ eo = = = 0.59
S 1
The in-situ stress at mid-clay stratum before the building is built is,
kN
po = γ sand hsand + γ clay hat mid −clay = ( 3 m)(17.5) + ( 2.5 m)(18.5 − 9.8) = 74.3
m2
Therefore,

the settlement at the center ∆H =

CC H p + ∆σ
log o =
( 0.30)( 5m) log ( 74.3) + ( 93.8) = 0.33 m
1+ e po 1 + ( 0.59) ( 74.3)
the settlement at the corner ∆H =
CC H p + ∆σ
log o =
( 0.30)( 5m) log ( 74.3) + ( 49) = 0.21m
1+ e po 1+ ( 0.59) ( 74.3)
the differential settlement is ∆ ( ∆H ) = 0.33 m − 0.21 m = 0.12 m = 120 mm

m
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(3) The time required to attain 60% consolidation in the field is,
( 0.26)( 2,500 mm) = ( 0.18)( 2x25.4 mm)
2 2

o.
T H2
cv = σ drained =
t rs e tF ( 5 hours )
ou urc
Solving for the time of settlement in the field t f ,
( 0.26)( 2,500 mm) ( 5 hours )
2
1day 1 year
o

tF = ≈ 2 years
( 0.18)( 2x25.4 mm)
2
1 24 hours 365 days
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https://www.coursehero.com/file/6398551/PE-09d-Newmark/ 234

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