Relation definition

A relation between two sets is a collection of ordered pairs containing one object from each set. If the
object xx is from the first set and the object yy is from the second set, then the objects are said to be
related if the ordered pair (x,y)(x,y) is in the relation.
A function is a type of relation. But, a relation is allowed to have the object xx in the first set to be
related to more than one object in the second set. So a relation may not be represented by a function
machine, because, given the object xx to the input of the machine, the machine couldn't spit out a
unique output object that is paired to xx.

Function (mathematics)
A function is a process or a relation that associates each element x of a set X, the domain of the
function, to a single element y of another set Y (possibly the same set), the codomain of the function.

Definitions of Domain and Range

Domain

The domain of a function is the complete set of possible values of the

independent variable.

In plain English, this definition means:

The domain is the set of all possible x-values which will make the function
"work", and will output real y-values.

Range can also mean all the output values of a function.

Representations of Functions When we think of a function as a
mathematical model, or as a piece of a larger mathematical model,
the representation we choose may determine the way in which we
go about solving the mathematical problems within the model. In
general, we solve problems involving algebraic, graphical, and
numerical representations of functions with quite different methods.