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Teaching the role of secretin in the regulation of gastric acid secretion using a
classic paper by Johnson and Grossman
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Advances in Physiology Education is dedicated to the improvement of teaching and learning physiology, both in
specialized courses and in the broader context of general biology education. It is published four times a year in
March, June, September and December by the American Physiological Society, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD
20814-3991. © 2009 The American Physiological Society. ESSN: 1522-1229. Visit our website at
http://www.the-aps.org/.
Adv Physiol Educ 33: 165–168, 2009;
doi:10.1152/advan.00023.2009. Using Classic Papers To Teach Physiology
Teaching the role of secretin in the regulation of gastric acid secretion using a
classic paper by Johnson and Grossman
Kristen L. W. Walton
Department of Biology, Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, Missouri
Submitted 31 March 2009; accepted in final form 14 May 2009
Walton KL. Teaching the role of secretin in the regulation of gastric acid These actions of secretin combine to result in the neutralization
secretion using a classic paper by Johnson and Grossman. Adv Physiol Educ of the acidic duodenal contents.
33: 165–168, 2009; doi:10.1152/advan.00023.2009.—The regulation of
gastric acid secretion has been the subject of investigation for over a Research on the Regulation of Gastric Acid Secretion
century. Inhibition of gastrin-induced acid secretion by the intestine-
derived hormone secretin provides a classic physiological example of Ivan P. Pavlov, the winner of a Nobel Prize for Physiology
negative feedback in the gastrointestinal tract. A classic paper by or Medicine in 1904, was the first to demonstrate that gastric
denum of gastrin-stimulated dogs. Gastrin (or histamine) was surgically created pouch of the stomach. The regulation of
able to induce marked secretion of gastric acid (HCl) (Figs. 2 gastric acid secretion by parietal cells is complex and involves
and 3). The infusion of acid into the duodenum is a critical an interplay between multiple factors, including gastrin, hista-
physiological control, as it represents the transit of acidic mine, and acetylcholine. More recent journal articles or text-
chyme from the stomach to the duodenum. The ability of book readings will allow a more in-depth discussion of the
exogenous secretin to have as strong an effect as the physio- cellular mechanism of gastric acid secretion as a followup to
logical stimulus of acid in the duodenum is a crucial piece of this activity, if desired. However, this paper from 1968, which
evidence supporting the physiological role of secretin in the includes in its references articles from the 1920s, will give
regulation of gastric acid secretion. student a glimpse of the experiments over the past century that
Teaching point 3. In addition, the demonstration that acidi- have led to our current understanding of the physiology of
fication of the intestinal luminal contents triggers mechanisms gastric secretion.
that decrease gastric acid output provides a good example of
negative feedback loops in the gastrointestinal tract. As acid- REFERENCES
ified chyme moves from the stomach into the duodenum, the 1. Andersson S. Inhibitory effects of acid in antrum-duodenum on fasting
intestine signals back to the stomach to decrease the production gastric secretion in Pavlov and Heidenhain pouch dogs. Acta Physiol
Scand 49: 42–56, 1960.
of acid and slow the digestive process. This allows time for 2. Bayliss WM, Starling EH. The mechanism of pancreatic secretion.