Mary Belle B.

Jimenez
ABM-Integrity

Definition of Terms
Physical Education is "education through the physical". It aims to develop students’ physical
competence and knowledge of movement and safety, and their ability to use these to perform in
a wide range of activities associated with the development of an active and healthy lifestyle. It
also develops students’ confidence and generic skills, especially those of collaboration,
communication, creativity, critical thinking and aesthetic appreciation. These, together with the
nurturing of positive values and attitudes in PE, provide a good foundation for students’ lifelong
and life-wide learning.

Physical fitness is a state of health and well-being and, more specifically, the ability to perform
aspects of sports, occupations and daily activities. Physical fitness is generally achieved through
proper nutrition, moderate-vigorous physical exercise, and sufficient rest.

Physical development is the process that starts in human infancy and continues into late
adolescent concentrating on gross and fine motor skills as well as puberty. Physical development
involves developing control over the body, particularly muscles and physical coordination. It
refers to the physical and biological changes that occur in humans between birth and
adolescence. As a child grows and changes, he increases his ability to explore and interact with
the world around him.

Mental development is an important aspect of growth, embracing the various mental abilities.
It begins right from birth, and as the child develops with the passage of time his mental reactions
also change. These reactions are very simple to start with, but in due course, they lead to
complex mental activities.

Social development refers to the process by which a child learns to interact with others
around them. As they develop and perceive their own individuality within their community, they
also gain skills to communicate with other people and process their actions. Social development
most often refers to how a child develops friendships and other relationships, as well how a child
handles conflict with peers.

Emotional development refers to the ability to recognize, express, and manage feelings at
different stages of life and to have empathy for the feelings of others.1 The development of
these emotions, which include both positive and negative emotions, is largely affected by
relationships with parents, siblings, and peers.
Mary Belle B. Jimenez
ABM-Integrity
11 Components of Physical Fitness Definitions
1. Agility –The ability to stop, start, and change directions quickly. Agility is a skill-related
component of physical fitness. One’s agility can be increased by doing specific footwork drills on
an agility ladder, staggered tire formation, or any other type of obstacle course that requires the
individual to adjust body position, speed, and direction quickly.

2. Balance – Controlling body positions while standing still or moving. Balance is a skill-related
component of physical fitness. Balance can be tested by standing on one leg with eyes closed for
30 seconds on each leg or by performing the Y-Balance Test. Balance can be improved by
increasing one’s overall core strength.

3. Cardiovascular Fitness – is the ability of the circulatory and respiratory systems to supply
oxygen to skeletal muscles during sustained physical activity.

4. Body Composition – The ratio of muscle to fat in the body. Having a high percentage ofbody
fat compared to lean muscle has shown to increase risk ofheart disease, certain cancers, strokes,
and diabetes. Doing daily cardiovascular exercise and strength training, along with a healthy diet,
will help to reduce body fat and increase lean muscle mass.

5. Coordination – Making movements work together smoothly. This usually consists of upper
and lower body movements being performed at the same time. Coordination is a skill-related
component of physical fitness. Coordination can be improved by performing exercises that
require the individual to use upper body muscle groups and lower body muscle groups at the
same time.

6. Flexibility – Moving specific joints or a group of joints through a wide range of motion (ROM).
Flexibility is a health-related component of physical fitness that plays a very important role in the
functioning of all individuals especially athletes.

7. Muscular Endurance – Using muscles repetitively without fatiguing for an extended period of
time. Muscular Endurance can be measured by a 60 second push-up test or 60second half sit-up
or crunch test. Muscular endurance is a health-related component of physical fitness.

8. Muscular Strength – Producing force using muscles. Muscular strength has also been defined
as the maximum pull or push that can be exerted one time by a muscle group. Muscular Strength
is a health-related component of physical fitness.

9. Power – The ability to use muscle strength quickly. Power is a skill-related component
ofphysical fitness.
Mary Belle B. Jimenez
ABM-Integrity

10. Reaction Time – How quickly an individual responds to a stimulus. Reaction time is a skill-
related component of physical fitness. Reaction time can be tested in a variety of ways. A simple
test is a Reaction Time Ruler Test or a Reaction Time Tester found.

11. Speed – Performing a movement or covering a distance in a short period of time. Speedis a
skill-related component of physical fitness. Speed can be measured by timing a 40-yard dash, 30
meter sprint, or the Illinois Agility Test. Individuals can increase speed by sprinting down hill or
wearing a small parachute or weighted vest on your back while sprinting.