Vancouver Style

REFERENCING GUIDE

AT A GLANCE
• This guide is based on the AMA Manual of Style, available:

- Online at
http://ezproxy.bond.edu.au/login?url=http://www
.amamanualofstyle.com

- On the Main Library shelves at R119 .A533 2007

• Refer to the manual for more detail than this guide provides.
With minor variations, the referencing outlined in this guide
matches that required for submission to JAMA journals.

• The 'JAMA - Bond' EndNote style can be used for

referencing according to this guide.

- If it's not already installed see this page for

information on installing:
http://bond.libguides.com/endnote/referencing-styles.
EXAMPLE ASSIGNMENT
In-text citations
In-text references are placed outside of full stops and commas,
but inside of colons and semi-colons.

Numbers are used in

the body of the text to
indicate where
someone else’s work
is being referred to

Reference list

A numbered list at
the end of the text
provides full details for
each corresponding in-
text reference

PubMed abbreviations are used for journal titles

IN-TEXT CITATIONS
• A consecutive number is allocated to each source as it is referred to for the first time, and is then
used for that source every time it is referred to subsequently

• Use superscript numbers without brackets, e.g. found by Smith1

• When citing multiple references at a given place in your paper, separate these with commas.
A hyphen is used where more than two references are consecutive. No spacing is used for
in-text citations:

as reported previously2,3

The derived data were as follows 2-4,7:

• Including page numbers is helpful for direct quotes, or if you wish to cite a specific page of a source.
Use brackets only around the page numbers.

• For EndNote add these details into the suffix of the Word in-text citation e.g. (p21) or (pp3,5)

stated that "the findings require replication to determine clinical utility"2(p21)

Westman5(pp3,5),9 reported 8 cases in which vomiting occurred

• A secondary citation is where you cite something that someone else has cited, and you have
not seen the original work. See the section 'Secondary citations' below

• If naming the author(s) as part of your citation, use only the surname. For a 2-author citation list
both, e.g. Doe and Roe3 noted that. For more than 2 authors use et al, e.g. Doe et al3 reported that

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REFERENCE LIST EXAMPLES
Book ................................................................................................................................................. 2
Ebook ............................................................................................................................................... 3
Chapter in a book/ebook.................................................................................................................. 4
Dictionary entry ................................................................................................................................ 4
Conference paper ............................................................................................................................ 4
Standard .......................................................................................................................................... 5
Report .............................................................................................................................................. 6
Patent............................................................................................................................................... 6
Thesis or dissertation....................................................................................................................... 6
Newspaper article ............................................................................................................................ 7
Lecture materials ............................................................................................................................. 7
Assignment document ..................................................................................................................... 8
Journal article .................................................................................................................................. 8
Web page ........................................................................................................................................ 9
Podcast ............................................................................................................................................ 10
Streaming video (including YouTube) ............................................................................................. 11
DVD/VHS recording ......................................................................................................................... 11
Personal communications................................................................................................................ 12
Legal materials ................................................................................................................................ 12
Classical works (including religious works such as the Bible) ......................................................... 14
Figures and tables from another source (including images) ........................................................... 15

Other useful information:

Abbreviating journal names ............................................................................................................. 16

Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................... 16
Secondary citations ......................................................................................................................... 16
Further information .......................................................................................................................... 17

BOOKS AND EBOOKS

• Capitalise the major words of the book title, i.e. words such as 'in', 'of' and 'the' should be lowercase
• If the city of publication is not well known, follow the city with the country name
• If there are seven or more authors or editors list the first 3 followed by 'et al.'
• For EndNote: Use the 'Book' reference type, or 'Edited Book' reference type for books with editors

Book - One to six authors or editors

Author Title of book (italicised, and major words capitalised) City of publication Country of publication (if city not well known)

1. Hoppert M. Microscopic Techniques in Biotechnology. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH; 2003.

Publisher Year

1. Khan J, Kennedy TJ, Christian DR. Basic Principles of Forensic Chemistry. New York: Humana Press;
2012.
Indicates an editor rather than an author

1. Gallen I, ed. Type 1 Diabetes: Clinical Management of the Athlete. London: Springer; 2012.

Indicates editors rather than authors

1. Gilstrap LC, Cunningham FG, Van Dorsten J, eds. Operative Obstetrics. 2nd ed. New York:
McGraw-Hill; 2002.

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Book - Seven or more authors or editors

If 7 or more authors or editors, list the first 3 and use et al.

1. Hofmeyr GJ, Neilson JP, Alfirevic Z, et al. A Cochrane Pocketbook: Pregnancy and Childbirth.
Chichester, England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.; 2008.
Author/s of the chapter or part of the book

1. Harrison TR, Longo DL, Kasper DL, et al, eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 18th ed.
New York: McGraw-Hill; 2012.

Book - no author or editor

1. Dorland's Pocket Medical Dictionary. 29th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2013.

Book - edition other than first

1. Murray PR, Rosenthal KS, Kobyashi GS, Pfaller MA. Medical Microbiology. 4th ed. St Louis, United
States: Mosby; 2002.

Book is one volume of a multi-volume work

1. Lee GR, Bithell TC, Foerster J, Athens JW, Lukens JN, eds. Wintrobes Clinical Haematology. Vol 2.
9th ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1993.

Book in a series

1. Bell L, ed. Forensic Microscopy for Skeletal Tissues: Methods and Protocols. New York: Humana
Press; 2012. Methods in Molecular Biology; vol 915.

Book - organisation as author

• Where the publisher is an organisation and is part of a larger, better known organisation it is helpful to
list them both separated by a comma. For EndNote, enter these details in the 'Publisher' field. eg.
'National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales' or 'Centers for Disease
control and Prevention, US Dept of Health and Human Services'

1. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Hospital Separations due to Injury and Poisoning,
Australia 2006-07. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare; 2012.

1. Commonwealth Department of Human Services and Health. Standards for Childhood Immunisation.
Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service; 1994.

EBOOKS
• Electronic books are referenced in the same way as print books, with the addition of [ebook] after the
title. All the examples above can be used where appropriate for ebooks, just add [ebook] after the title
• Check the title page or other pages at the start of the book to find the place of publication; if none can
be found, use [place unknown]
• For EndNote: Use the 'Book' reference type, or 'Edited Book' reference type for books with editors.
Add '[ebook]' in the 'Type of Work' field

Ebook

1. Holroyd-Leduc J, Reddy M. Evidence-Based Geriatric Medicine [ebook]. Chichester, United

Kingdom: Wiley; 2012.

1. Standring S, ed. Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice [ebook]. 40th ed.
Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 2008.

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CHAPTER IN A BOOK/EBOOK
• These examples are for a chapter or part of an edited book, where the chapter or part has an
individual title and author/s
• Only the first word of the title of the chapter or paper should be capitalised, except for proper nouns
or acronyms
• For EndNote: Use the 'Book Section' reference type. Add '[ebook]' in the 'Type of Work' field
• If page numbers for an ebook are not present, use the chapter number instead

Book chapter
Author/s of the chapter or part of the book Title of the chapter or part of the book (First word and proper nouns and acronyms capitalised) Editor/s of the book

1. Meltzer PS, Kallioniemi A, Trent JM. Chromosome alterations in human solid tumors. In: Vogelstein
B, Kinzler KW, eds. The Genetic Basis of Human Cancer. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2002:93-113.

1. Ford HL, Sclafani RA, Degregori J. Cell cycle regulatory cascades. In: Stein GS, Pardee AB, eds.
Cell Cycle and Growth Control: Biomolecular Regulation and Cancer. Hoboken, United States:
Wiley-Liss; 2004:42-67.

Ebook chapter - with page numbers

1. Atkins D, Barton M. The periodic health examination. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman's
Cecil Medicine [ebook]. 24th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2008:52-56.

Ebook chapter - without page numbers, and place of publication unknown

1. Coleman E. Carbohydrate and exercise. In: Rosenbloom C, Coleman E, eds. Sports Nutrition: A
Practice Manual for Professionals [ebook]. [place unknown]: Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics;
2012:chap 2.

DICTIONARY ENTRY
• A specific entry in a dictionary can be referenced by adding the entry information after the year. For
EndNote put this information in the 'Detail' field, e.g. 'Biliary calculus; p. 203'
• For EndNote: Use the 'Book' reference type, or 'Edited Book' reference type if the dictionary has
editors

Dictionary entry, print, with editor

1. O'Toole MT, ed. Mosby's Medical Dictionary. 9th ed. St Louis: Elsevier Mosby; 2013. Biliary calculus;
p. 203.

Dictionary entry, print, no editor

1. The Times English Dictionary. London: Times Books; 2000. Seizure; p. 1200.

Dictionary entry, e-book, no editor

1. Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary [ebook]. London: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2011. Nairovirus;
p. 1230.

CONFERENCE PAPER (INCLUDING OTHER PRESENTATIONS AT CONFERENCES OR

MEETINGS)

Conference paper - published in a book/ebook of proceedings

• For EndNote: Use the 'Book Section' reference type. For ebooks, enter 'ebook' in the 'Type of Work'
field.

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In a book

1. Oudijk G. The history of leaded petrol in North America and Europe. In: Morrison RD, O'Sullivan G,
eds. Environmental Forensics: Proceedings of the 2011 INEF Conference. Cambridge: Royal
Society of Chemistry; 2012:49-63.

In an ebook

1. New MI, Parsa AA. Long range outcome of prenatal treatment. In: New MI, Simpson JL, eds.
Hormonal and Genetic Basis of Sexual Differentiation Disorders and Hot Topics in Endocrinology:
Proceedings of the 2nd World Conference [ebook]. New York: Springer; 2011:33-36.

Conference paper - published in a journal

• Treat this the same as a journal article, as shown on page 9 of this guide. For EndNote: use the
'Journal Article' reference type. This example has been published in a supplement to a volume of the
journal

. Erten S, Chowdhury SA, Guan X, et al. Identifying stage-specific protein subnetworks for colorectal
cancer. BMC Proc. 2012;6(suppl 7):S1. doi:10.1186/1753-6561-6-S7-S1.

Conference paper - not published in a book or journal, found online

• For EndNote use the 'Conference Paper' reference type. Put the type of presentation in the 'Type'
field, e.g. Paper, Poster, Seminar etc. Put the entire date in 'Access Date' field, eg. May 7, 2010, and
the URL in the 'URL' field

1. Bennett C. Are we there yet? - a journey of health reform in Australia. Paper presented at: College
of Medicine Health Leadership Series 2013; March 18, 2013; Sydney. http://www.nd.edu.au/__data/
assets/pdf_file/0005/117752/Are-we-there-yet-A-journey-of-health-reform-in-Australia.pdf. Accessed
April 4, 2013.

Conference paper - not published in a book or journal

• For EndNote use the 'Conference Paper' reference type. Put the type of presentation in the 'Type'
field, e.g. Paper, Poster, Seminar etc.

1. Wikswo M, Hall AJ. A novel surveillance system for person-to-person enteric disease outbreaks.
Paper presented at: International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases; March 13, 2012;
Atlanta, United States.

STANDARD
• Referenced in the same way as a book, except the standard number is added after the
year of publication
• When there is more than one publisher listed just use the first (for example a standard jointly
published by Standards Australia and Standards New Zealand)
• For EndNote: Use the 'Book' reference type. Put the standard number in the 'Detail' field
• Multiple organisations as authors should be separated by a semicolon rather than a comma.
For EndNote this can be achieved by listing the organisations together on one line of the 'Author'
field, e.g. 'Standards Australia; Standards New Zealand,'

Standard

1. Standards Australia; Standards New Zealand. Sterilization of Health Care Products - Radiation Part
2 - Establishing the Sterilization Dose. Sydney: Standards Australia; 2006. AS/NZS ISO
11137.2:2006.

1. International Organization for Standardization. Risk Management: Principles and Guidelines.

Geneva: International Organization for Standardization; 2009. ISO 31000:2009(E).

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REPORT
• A report is a more formal text document, often with a title and authors, and sometimes (but not always)
having an official report number. This includes scientific, technical or other organisational reports

Report - in print

• Treat these as a book. Extra detail such as a report number can be added at the end
• Where the publisher is an organisation and is part of a larger, better known organisation it is helpful to
list them both separated by a comma. For EndNote, enter these details in the 'Publisher' field. e.g.
'National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales' or 'Centers for Disease
control and Prevention, US Dept of Health and Human Services'
• For EndNote: Use the 'Book' reference type, and place details such as report numbers in the
'Detail' field

1. McKetin R, Chalmers J, Burns L, et al. Research to Explain and Respond to the Ecstasy Use
Situation in Australia: a Birth Cohort Analysis of National Ecstasy Use Trends. Sydney: National
Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales; 2010. NDARC technical report
313.

1. Australian Bureau of Statistics. Disability, Ageing and Carers: Summary of Findings. Canberra:
Australian Bureau of Statistics; 1999. ABS publication 4430.0.

Report - online

• Treat these as a webpage. Any extra detail such as a report number should be added before the URL
• For EndNote: Use the 'Web Page' reference type, and place details such as report numbers in the
'Description' field

1. Turban D. Isotopic ratios of uranium in uranium salts and pitchblende. Australian Radiation
Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency Technical Report No 160.
http://www.arpansa.gov.au/pubs/technicalreports/tr160.pdf. Published 2012. Accessed November 8,
2013.
This is the full title of this particular report

1. Australian Bureau of Statistics. Regional population growth, Australia, 2007-08: Queensland.

Australian Bureau of Statistics Cat No 3218.0.
http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Previousproducts/3218.0Main%20Features62007-
08?opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=3218.0&issue=2007-08&num=&view=. Published
2009. Accessed November 8, 2013.

1. World Health Organization. Equitable access to essential medicines: a framework for collective
action. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2004/WHO_EDM_2004.4.pdf. Published 2004. Accessed October
29, 2013.

PATENT
• The date of publication of the patent is included at the end
• For EndNote: Use the 'Patent' reference type. Put the patent type in the 'Country' field, eg. United
States, Australian, European etc.

1. Pagedas A, inventor; Ancel Surgical R&D Inc., assignee. Flexible endoscopic grasping and cutting
device and positioning tool assembly. United States patent 20020103498. August 1, 2002.

THESIS OR DISSERTATION
• For EndNote: Use the 'Thesis' reference type. Put the type of thesis in the 'Thesis type' field, eg.
'master's dissertation'

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Thesis or dissertation

1. McGlynn M. Weighing the evidence: clinical decision making in neurological physical therapy
[Masters of Science thesis]. Toronto: University of Toronto; 2004.
The type of thesis or dissertation, Place of publication, ie. location of Publisher, ie. the university or institution
as listed in the thesis or dissertation the university

1. McLellan CP. Neuromuscular, biochemical, endocrine and physiological responses of elite rugby
league players to competitive match-play [PhD thesis]. Gold Coast, Australia: Bond University; 2010.

1. Borkowski M. Infant sleep and feeding: a telephone survey of hispanic Americans [master's
dissertation]. Mount Pleasant, United States: Central Michigan University; 2002.

NEWSPAPER ARTICLE
• For EndNote: Use the 'Newspaper article' reference type. Put the page numbers in the 'Pages' field
• If you have found the article on the web include the URL and the date accessed. If you have found
the article using a subscription library databases (such as Library Search, Proquest, Factiva and
Pressdisplay) do not include this information

Newspaper article - online, no page numbers

1. Hashim S. Late-night snacks ‘could wreak havoc on your memory’. Daily Telegraph. January 6,
2016. http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/lifestyle/health/late-night-snacks-could-wreak-havoc-on-
your-memory/story-fni0dihe-1227698559429. Accessed January 7, 2016.

Newspaper article - online, no author, no page numbers

1. Diseased organs may be used to deter smokers. Sydney Morning Herald. June 29, 2005.
http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/diseased-organs-may-be-used-to-deter-smokers/2005/06/
29/1119724681753.html. Accessed September 19, 2013.

Newspaper article - online, with no page numbers, found in library database

1. Dearne K. Dispensing with the chemist. Australian. June 14, 2005.

Newspaper article - in print

1. O'Leary C. Vitamin C does little to prevent winter cold. West Australian. Jun 29, 2005:1.

Newspaper article - in print, no author

1. Stiff warning on potency tablet. Gold Coast Bulletin. August 30, 2012:3.

LECTURE MATERIALS
• For EndNote: Use the 'Web page' reference type. Put the type of materials in the 'Type of Medium'
field, e.g. 'unpublished lecture materials'. Put details of the lecture (week, course code etc.) in the
'Description' field. The URL, date accessed etc. may be omitted.
Lecturer’s name Title of lecture Description of the materials Week Subject code

1. Tajouri L. Viruses and viral replication. [unpublished lecture materials]. Week 3, MBBS-YR1_132,
MBBS Year One, Bond University, lecture given September 4, 2013.

Degree name and year of the degree Further descriptive information which could help to identify the lecture

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ASSIGNMENT DOCUMENT
• For EndNote: Use the 'Web page' reference type. Put the type of materials in the 'Type of Medium'
field, eg. 'unpublished assignment document'. Put details of the assignment document (eg. due date)
in the 'Description' field. The URL, date accessed etc. may be omitted.

Lecturer’s name Title of assignment Description of the materials Subject code

1. Smith J. Assignment 2: Reflective essay. [unpublished assignment document]. MEDI13-301,

Medical Program Year One, Bond University, assignment document for assessment due October 11,
2018.
Degree name and year of the degree Further descriptive information which could help to identify the document

JOURNAL ARTICLE
• Capitalise only the first word of an article title, except for proper nouns or acronyms
• Journal names are abbreviated. Use the Journals database on PubMed
(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/journals) to find abbreviations. For journals not listed there
see the section below, 'Abbreviating journal names'
• For articles that you access online, include the DOI if it is findable. A DOI (Digital Object Identifier)
is a unique number assigned to electronic information sources. Look for the DOI on the page where
you accessed the article or in the article itself. It will look something like this:
10.1161/01.hyp.0000035706.28494.09. URLs are not required
• For EndNote: Use 'Journal Article' reference type. For setting up EndNote to use abbreviations
see the section below 'Abbreviating journal names'

Journal article - one to six authors

Authors Title of the article (First word and proper nouns and acronyms capitalised)

1. Gappmaier E, Tavazoie SF, Jacketta MG. Cardiorespiratory response to exercise on a large

therapeutic roll. Cardiopulm Phys Ther J. 2013;24(3):5-13.

Journal name, abbreviated (see above for more information) Year Volume Issue Page numbers

This is the PubMed abbreviation for this journal name – it happens to be the same as the full journal name

1. Drummond P. Triggers of motion sickness in migraine sufferers. Headache. 2005;45(6):656-656.

doi:10.1111/j.1526-4610.2005.05132.x.
As stated above, include the DOI if it is findable

Journal article – seven or more authors

If 7 or more authors, list the first 3 and use et al.

1. Larizza MF, Hodgson LA, Fenwick EK, et al. Feasibility of screening for diabetic retinopathy at an
Australian pathology collection service: a pilot study. Med J Aust. 2013;198(2):97-99.

Journal article - organisation as author

1. Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Hypertension, insulin, and proinsulin in participants
with impaired glucose tolerance. Hypertension. 2002;40(5):679-686.
doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000035706.28494.09.

Journal article - no author given

1. 21st century heart solution may have a sting in the tail. BMJ. 2002;325(7357):184.
doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7357.184.

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Journal article - no page numbers

• Some online articles will have an article number (eg. ' CD007160', 'e11' or even 'Article 52')
instead of page numbers. Include these article numbers in place of the page numbers:

1. Cabello JB, Burls A, Emparanza JI, Bayliss S, Quinn T. Oxygen therapy for acute myocardial
infarction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;8:CD007160.
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007160.pub3.

• Some journals are published online only and do not have page numbers:

1. Gore D, Haji SA, Balashanmugam A, et al. Light and electron microscopy of macular
corneal dystrophy: a case study. Digit J Ophthalmol. 2004;10(1). Online without pagination.

Journal article - issue with no volume

1. Banit DM, Kaufer H, Hartford JM. Intraoperative frozen section analysis in revision total joint
arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2002;(401):230-238. doi:10.1007/s11999-013-2843-8.

Journal article - article is in a supplement to a volume

• For EndNote: include the supplement information in the 'Issue' field, in this case the field would
contain suppl 2

1. Géraud G, Spierings ELH, Keywood C. Tolerability and safety of frovatriptan with short and long-
term use for treatment of migraine and in comparison with sumatriptan. Headache.
2002;42(suppl 2):93-99. doi:10.1046/j.1526-4610.42.s2.7.x.

Journal article - article is in a supplement to an issue

• For Endnote: include the supplement information in the 'Issue' field, in this case the field would
contain 12)(suppl 7

1. Glauser TA. Integrating clinical trial data into clinical practice. Neurology.
2002;58(12)(suppl 7):S6-S12. doi:10.1212/WNL.58.12_suppl_7.S6.

Journal article - volume with part

• For Endnote: include the part information in the 'Issue' field, in this case the field would contain pt 2

1. Abend SM, Kulish N. The psychoanalytic method from an epistemological viewpoint. Int J
Psychoanal. 2002;83(pt 2):491-495.

Journal article - issue with part

• For Endnote: include the part information in the 'Issue' field, in this case the field would contain 9, pt 1

1. Ahrar K, Madoff DC, Gupta S, Wallace MJ, Price RE, Wright KC. Development of a large animal
model for lung tumors. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2002;13(9, pt 1):923-928.

WEB PAGES AND OTHER INTERNET MATERIALS

• Many documents found online will fit best into other categories in this guide, e.g. an online newspaper
article should be referenced as per the 'Newspaper articles' section above, online journal articles
should be referenced as per the 'Journal articles' section, etc.
• Often there will be no individual author/s listed for the material you are referencing; in this case very
often you will need to use the organisation responsible for the web site that the material is on as the author.
• The title of a web page should be in sentence casing, i.e. the first word is capitalised and all others
are lower case except for proper nouns
• URLs can be broken at appropriate points to go over multiple lines
• Include both the 'Published' and 'Updated' dates if they can be found. Omit them if they aren't given.

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 • For EndNote: Use the 'Web page' reference type. For web pages enter the name of the web site in
the 'Description' field, e.g. 'Australian Institute of Health and Welfare Web site'

Web page

Author/s Title of web page (if this is not obvious, you may need to use your judgment to decide on a title) For a web page, include the name of web site

1. Cadet J. AHA adjusts angioplasty stats to lower annual figure. Cardiovascular Business Web site.
http://www.cardiovascularbusiness.com/index.php?option=com_articles&article=25634&publication=
22&view=portals. Published 2010. Accessed September 16, 2013.
URL of web page This particular web page listed a Date you accessed the web page
‘published’ date, but no ‘updated’ date

Web page (BMJ Best Practice)

1. Anagnostis P, Harsoulis F. Metabolic syndrome: definition. BMJ Best Practice Web site.
http://bestpractice.bmj.com/best-practice/monograph/212/basics/definition.html. Updated September
20, 2013. Accessed November 6, 2013.
This particular web page listed an ‘updated’ date, but no ‘published’ date

Web page (UptoDate)

1. Barroso LF, Pegram PS. Diagnosis and treatment of diphtheria. UpToDate Web site.
http://www.uptodate.com/contents/diagnosis-and-treatment-of-diphtheria. Updated October 15, 2013.
Accessed November 6, 2013.

Web page - organisation as author, on the same organisation's website

• It is not necessary to list the organisation twice in this situation

1. Prednisolone (eye): mode of action. Australian Medicines Handbook Web site. https://www.amh.
net.au/online/view.php?page=chapter11/monographprednisolone-eye.html#mode.action. Updated
July 2013. Accessed November 6, 2013.

1. CMS proposals to implement certain disclosure provisions of the Affordable Care Act. Centers for
Medicare and Medicaid Services Web site. http://www.cms.gov/apps/media/press/factsheet.asp?
Counter=4221. Updated December 14, 2011. Accessed January 30, 2012.

Web page - no published date or update date

1. Chronic diseases and associated risk factors. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare Web site.
http://www.aihw.gov.au/cdarf/index.cfm. Accessed September 16, 2013.

Other internet materials

• Detail about the format of the item being referenced can be included in square brackets after the title.
For EndNote put this information in the 'Type of medium' field, e.g. 'podcast', 'streaming video',
'patient information brochure'
• For EndNote: The name of a series, (e.g. 'Health Report') can be entered in the 'Series title' field
• The author is the person or organisation primarily responsible for the content. If it's not obvious who
the author is, the name of a host, editor, or director may be used. For EndNote, put these details in
the 'Author' field e.g. 'Swan, Norman, presenter'

Podcast

1. Swan N, presenter. Addressing unprofessional behaviour by doctors. Health Report [podcast].

http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/healthreport/addressing-unprofessional-behaviour-by-
doctors/4945608. Published 2013. Accessed September 16, 2013.

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Streaming video (including YouTube)

1. American Physical Therapy Association. Move forward: physical therapy brings motion to life.
[streaming video]. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sCKuRIBCDuQ. Published 2010. Accessed
September 17, 2013.

Streaming video - no author identifiable

1. Jabbed: love, fear and vaccines. [streaming video]. http://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/

30004803525/Jabbed-Love-Fear-And-Vaccines?utm_source=Lead-Marquee. Published 2013.
Accessed September 17, 2013.

Document found on the web:

• Note that reports found on the web should be referenced according to the section 'Reports' above. A
report is a more formal text document, often with a title and authors, and sometimes (but not always)
having an official report number. For documents which aren't considered 'reports' use this format:

1. Department of Human Services. DEEWR electorate data - June 2012. http://www.humanservices.

gov.au/spw/corporate/publications-and-resources/facts-and-figures/electorate-data/resources/
2012/2012-06-deewr.pdf. Published 2012. Accessed November 8, 2013.

Details about the format of the document can be included in square brackets after the title

1. National Health and Medical Research Council. Blood clots: reducing your risk [patient information
brochure]. http://www.nhmrc.gov.au/_files_nhmrc/publications/attachments/cp125_stop_the_clot_
patient_brochure.pdf. Published 2010. Accessed November 11, 2013.

DVD/VHS recording

• The author is the person primarily responsible for the content. If it's not obvious who the author is,
the name of a host, editor, or director may be used
• Details such as the author, publisher etc. can often be found by viewing the library record
for the item if one exists
• If the city of publication is not well known, follow the city with the country name
• For EndNote: Use the Audiovisual Material reference type. Enter the format in the 'Type' field.
A person's role may be specified in the 'Author' field, e.g. 'Tarantino Q, director'
• For online audiovisual content such as podcasts, YouTube and other streaming videos,
see the section on Internet Materials above
• Any helpful additional information can be included at the end of the reference, e.g. 'Season 1,
episode 2'. For EndNote, put this information in the 'Detail' field

DVD

For feature films, the director can be used as the person primarily responsible for the content

1. Tarantino Q, director. Django Unchained [DVD]. London: Sony Pictures Home Entertainment; 2013.
Title (italicised, and major words capitalised) Place of publication Publisher Year

1. Browning I, host. Live Strong: Closing the Gap on Chronic Disease [DVD]. Australia: Enhance TV;
2011.

Tucker is prominently listed as the person mainly responsible for this DVD content, so no description such as director or editor is needed

1. Tucker S. Closing the Chain on Shoulder Rehabilitation and Injury Prevention [DVD]. Monterey,
Unites States: Healthy Learning; 2012.

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DVD - organisation as author

1. Rural Doctors Workforce Agency. Seachange, Treechange, Lifestyle Change [DVD]. Wayville,
Australia: Rural Doctors Workforce Agency; 2010.

DVD - program is part of a series

• If there's both a program title and an episode title include both as follows (For EndNote put them both
in the 'Title' field)

Episode title Program title

1. Lonergan K, producer, Sara S, presenter. Battling the Black Dog: Landline [DVD]. Australia: ABC TV; 2006.

Full episode title

Program title

1. Cohen J, reporter. Messing with Heads: New Research on the Long Term Effects of Cannabis: Four
Corners [DVD]. Sydney: Australian Broadcasting Corporation; March 21, 2005.

Extra descriptive detail can be placed at the end of the reference

1. Shore D, creator. Occam's Razor: House, MD [DVD]. Los Angeles: Universal; 2005. Season 1, episode 2.

Personal communications

• Do not include personal communications in the list of references. The examples below
may be followed in the text of your paper.
• Include the date and the form of the communication (email, telephone etc.) Also, include either
the highest academic degree of the person, or other information to establish their authority (see the
example below where Smith is identified as the drug's manufacturer). This information can be worked
into the text, or included in brackets.
• Permission should always be sought before using personal communications

According to the manufacturer (Joan Smith, email communication, April 2013), the drug...

...as noted in a conversation with H.E. Marman, MD (August 2012).

Dr. Jack Chiu, MBBS, who works at the clinic, stated in a telephone conversation (November
2013)...

The patient, Ben Dawe, reported in a personal interview (December 2013) that...

LEGAL MATERIALS
• For legal materials, the Vancouver style refers readers to other dedicated legal referencing styles.
Each country's legal system is different and so are the styles used.
• Monash University have produced a useful list of legal abbreviations:
http://guides.lib.monash.edu/content.php?pid=265196&sid=2189822
• For EndNote: EndNote is not well-suited to the complexities of various legal styles so you will largely
need to construct your citation manually. Use the 'Legal Rule or Regulation' reference type. Enter the
italicised part of the citation in the 'Title' field (e.g. Macpherson v Kevin J Prunty & Associates) and the
non-italicised part into the 'Publisher' field (e.g. [1983] 1 VR 573.) Include all needed punctuation.

Legal materials - Australian

• For more detail on referencing Australian legal materials see Bond's guide to the Australian Guide to
Legal Citation (AGLC), available online at http://bond.libguides.com/australian-guide-to-legal-citation
• If you wish to refer to a specific part of a legal document a pinpoint reference can be used, e.g. s 19 to
refer to section 19. For more detail on pinpoint references see the online AGLC manual:
http://www.law.unimelb.edu.au/files/dmfile/FinalOnlinePDF-2012Reprint.pdf

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Legislation - Australian

• Use one of the following abbreviations for the jurisdiction:

Cth Commonwealth Qld Queensland NT Northern Territory

ACT Australian Capital SA South Australia WA Western Australia

Territory

NSW New South Wales Tas Tasmania Vic Victoria

Title Year (Jurisdiction abbreviation) Pinpoint.

No pinpoint:

1. Health Workforce Australia Act 2009 (Cth).

With pinpoint:

1. Mental Health Act 2000 (Qld) s 19.

Reported Case - Australian

Case Name (Year) Volume Law Report Starting page Pinpoint.

• Some law reports do not have volume numbers, or the volume restarts at 1 every year; in this case use
square brackets instead of rounded brackets

No pinpoint

1. Macpherson v Kevin J Prunty & Associates [1983] 1 VR 573.

With pinpoint

1. Trobridge v Hardy (1955) 94 CLR 147, 150.

Unreported Case - Australian

Case Name [Year] Court identifier Judgment number Full date [Pinpoint].

No pinpoint:

1. Quarmby v Keating [2009] TASSC 80 (9 September 2009).

With pinpoint:

1. R v Swaffield [1998] HCA 1 (20 January 1998) [8].

Legal materials - US

Case - US

• For explanations of the examples below and more information on citing US cases
seehttp://www.law.georgetown.edu/library/research/bluebook/citing-cases.cfm and
p. 73 of the AMA Manual of Style.

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State case

1. Beachy v. Becerra, 609 NW2d 648 (Neb. 2000).

US Supreme Court - official citation

1. New York Times Co. v. Tasini, 533 US 483 (2001).

US District Court

1. City of Millville v. Rock, 683 F Supp 2d 319 (DNJ 2010).

Legislation - US

• For more information on citing US legislation see

http://www.law.georgetown.edu/library/research/bluebook/citing-statutes.cfm and p. 75
of the AMA Manual of Style. You will sometimes see the symbol '§' used for the section.

Federal statute

1. Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) of 1970, 29 USC § 651 (2000).

State statute

1. Md. Code. Ann Pub. Safety § 14-605 (LexisNexis 2003).

Legal materials - Other jurisdictions

• Please refer to the appropriate section of the online AGLC manual:

http://www.law.unimelb.edu.au/files/dmfile/FinalOnlinePDF-2012Reprint.pdf

CLASSICAL WORKS (INCLUDING RELIGIOUS WORKS SUCH AS THE BIBLE)

• For classical works the details of publication are not relevant and can be omitted. Add information at
the end of the reference detailing the section of the work being referenced e.g. Luke 2:13, or Book 1,
Part 2. The Bible and the Qur'an have a standard format for this information, as per below. For
EndNote use the 'Book' reference type and include the section information in the 'Detail' field.
Book Chapter

1. The Bible. Luke 2:13. Verse

Chapter

1. The Qur'an. 40:3. Verse

• The version may be included at the end of the reference but is not essential:

1. The Bible. 1 Corinthians 3:4 (King James Version).

• For works other than the Bible and the Qur'an use the section information as presented in the work
itself, eg: 'Book 1, part 2':

1. Aristotle. Metaphysics. Book 1, part 2.

1. Shakespeare W. A Midsummer Night’s Dream. Act 2, scene 3, line 24.

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FIGURES AND TABLES FROM ANOTHER SOURCE (INCLUDING IMAGES)
• How to cite the figure or table: Either include the full reference in the caption underneath the figure
or table, or list the full reference in the reference list and cite it in the caption, as per these examples:

Patient characteristics, from De Berardis G, Lucisano G, D’Ettorre A, et al. A variation on the Sarvangasana yoga
The septum is visible in cross-section in this image, from
Association of aspirin use with major bleeding in patients with and pose.3
Visuals. McGraw-Hill Higher Education Web
without diabetes. JAMA. 2012;307(21):2286-2294. doi:10.1001/
site. http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/ap/dynamichuman2/
jama.2012.5034. Table 1, Mean SBP and DBP and Percentage of
content/cardio/visuals.mhtml. Accessed October 16,
Participants.
2014. Image, ‘Internal view of heart’.

• Format of the reference: Reference the original source of the figure or table (e.g. web page, book etc.)
as normal, and add descriptive information about the figure or table at the end of this reference.
For EndNote: Enter the descriptive information in the 'Detail' field.

Figure or table sourced from a website

• If the figure/table has a title include it in quotes:

The source of the figure/image/table, in this case a webpage, is referenced normally

1. Visuals. McGraw-Hill Higher Education Web site. http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/ap/content/

cardio/visuals.mhtml. Accessed May 16, 2014. Image, ‘Internal view of heart’.

• If the figure/table has no title include a brief description of it:

1. Best thigh slimming exercises. Beauty Tips Web site. http://www.abeautyclub.com/best-thigh-

slimming-exercises.html. Updated October 24, 2013. Accessed October 16, 2014. Image of woman
in red top performing a lunge. Descriptive information about the figure/image/table is added at the end

1. Jain, M. Are local hospitals prepared for Ebola? Huffington Post Web site. http://www.huffingtonpost.
com/manoj-jain-md-mph/ebola-hospitals_b_5988590.html. Updated October 15, 2014. Accessed
November 6, 2013. Image of three people wearing personal protective equipment.

Figure or table sourced from a journal article

1. De Berardis G, Lucisano G, D’Ettorre A, et al. Association of aspirin use with major bleeding in
patients with and without diabetes. JAMA. 2012;307(21):2286-2294. doi:10.1001/jama.2012.5034.
Table 1, 'Mean SBP and DBP and percentage of participants'.

Figure or table sourced from an e-book

1. Standring S, ed. Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice [ebook]. 40th ed.
Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 2008. Figure 5.2, 'Sections through hyaline cartilage'.

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ABBREVIATIONS
The following abbreviations may be used in your citations:

ed edition Pt part

et al and others rev revised

No number (series) Suppl supplement

p page/pages (book) Vol volume (book)

ABBREVIATING JOURNAL NAMES

Journal names are abbreviated. Use the Journals database on PubMed at
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/journals to find abbreviations. If a journal is not listed there, its abbreviation
may be constructed:

• Minor words such as 'of' and 'the' are omitted

• Standard abbreviations for other words can be found by using the ISSN's List of Title Word
Abbreviations at http://www.issn.org/2-22661-LTWA-online.php
• Each word in the abbreviation is capitalised
• For more guidance see the NLM's Fact Sheet on constructing journal titles, at
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/constructitle.html

For EndNote: To enable Endnote to substitute abbreviated journal names you must first set up the Journals
Term List. If you work with multiple libraries this needs to be done for each library.

1. Go to Tools > Open Term Lists > Journal Term List

2. It's recommended that you first delete all existing Journal Terms: Right click on a journal, click Select All,
then click Delete Term on the right. If there are no existing Journal Terms just go to the next step.

3. Click the Lists tab. Click Import List. Navigate to C:\Program Files\EndNote X6\Terms Lists, or
C:\Program Files\EndNote X7\Terms Lists (depending on your version). Click on Medical.txt (these are the
Index Medicus or PubMed abbreviations). Click Open.

4. You can also now import other lists to expand the available journal names/abbreviations. For example,
you could import the BioScience.txt list from the same location on your C: drive. The University of
Queensland also produce expanded journal lists you can add; see this page for information and downloads:
https://www.library.uq.edu.au/faqs/endnote/journal_terms.html

SECONDARY CITATIONS
A secondary citation is where you cite something that someone else has cited, and you have not seen the
original work. It is always preferable to read and cite the original work, and every effort should be made to
obtain it. If it cannot be obtained:

• In the text of your paper, cite the original source, rather than the secondary source. So, if Smith has
cited Jones, but you have not seen the work by Jones:

Jones et al1 reported that the statistical analysis suggested.

And in the reference list, include the work by Smith at the end of the work by Jones:

1. Jones DM, Kaufer H, Hartford JM. Intraoperative frozen section analysis in revision total joint
arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2002;(401):230-238. doi:10.1007/s11999-013-2843-8. Cited by:
Smith NC, Lewis RJ, Pearn JH, et al. Arthroplasty in Australia: occurrence and clinical management.
Med J Aust. 1986;145(11-12):584-590. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3751709/.
Accessed September 18, 2013.

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 • If you are referencing a quotation from the original source in the secondary source, replace 'Cited by:'
with 'Quoted by:' in the reference list entry
• EndNote cannot format these secondary citations; you will need to type them manually into
your document

FURTHER INFORMATION
This is not a comprehensive guide. Vancouver referencing is based on the ‘Uniform Requirements for
Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals’ which in turn refers to the NLM publication 'Citing Medicine'
for the details of how to format references. The American Medical Association have adapted those sources
to produce their own version of Vancouver which is outlined in the AMA Manual of Style. Please refer to the
following sources when you require further information or more detailed examples:

1. Iverson C, Christiansen S, Flanagin A, et al. AMA Manual of Style: a Guide for Authors and Editors.
New York: Oxford University Press; 2007. (available on the library shelves at: R119 .A533 2007)

2. Patrias K, ed. Citing Medicine: the NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers. 2nd ed.
Bethesda, United States: National Library of Medicine; 2007. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/citingmedicine.
Accessed September 23, 2013.

SUGGESTIONS
Your suggestions for improvements, corrections, etc. to this guide are welcome.
Please let us know at askalibrarian@bond.edu.au

Library Services
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Robina
QLD 4226
Australia

Phone: +61 7 5595 1510

Email: library@bond.edu.au

library.bond.edu.au

Updated Jan 2018

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