Identificación de problemas y potenciales

estrategias en el manejo del huevo fértil

Hernán Alejandro Córdova-Noboa, MS

MS Poultry Sc. & Ntr., Feed Sc. Grad. Cert., Esp. Adv. An. Ntr., Ag. Eng. BS
PhD (c) / Research Assistant / Consultant

Prestage Department of Poultry Science

North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
 The Incubation/Post-hatch (2wk) Stage
Represented >50% of a Broiler’s Life
Growth Maintenance

Incubation Neonate Productive Growth

21E 14d 15 – 42d
55% 45%
 1st Week Post-hatch is a Critical Period of
Development and Epigenetic Programming

• Immature thermal regulation

• Metabolic and physiological transition from egg to feed
nutrient source
• Limited digestive and absorptive capacity of dietary
nutrients
• Struggle to establish a stable gut microflora
• Immature immune function
• Responsive to epigenetic programming
 Incubation Conditions May
Compromise Gut Health
• Excessive temperature during plateau
stage of O2 consumption
• Impairs intestinal and cardiac
development in poults (Christensen et al, 2004)
• High yield strains most adversely affected by
incubation temperature (Decuypere, 2006)
 Egg and Embryo Development:
Embryonic Lung
The eggshell and chorioallantoic membrane (CAM)
comprise the embryonic lung and severe as barriers to gas
exchange.
Embryo Development

Córdova-Noboa, 2018
Córdova-Noboa, 2018
Córdova-Noboa, 2018
 Eggshell Relationships
• Egg weight increases with flock age

• Egg shell weight increases more slowly

• Shell thickness (pore length) changes in relation

 Eggshell Relationships
• Large eggs have a smaller surface area to volume
ratio (SA/V)
• Eggshells may not become thin enough to
compensate
• Flocks with the best egg production exhibit the
best hatchability
• Thinnest egg shells (shortest pores coincide with
peak hatchability)
Transportation of fertile eggs
Figure 2. Thermal profile spatial distribution of the variables: T, RH, and specific enthalpy (h) during the
fertile egg and day-old chick transport with their respective amplitude of temperature (AT), relative humidity
(ARH) and specific enthalpy (Ah)
Breeder Age
 Effect of breeder age on villi height at 21 d of age
Treatment Duodenum Jejunum Ileum

-------------------- (µm)---------------
40 wk 1,718.58 1,724.12
a 1,147.20

60 wk 1,780.12 1,575.55
b 1,173.93
-1.09
73 wk * 1,730.70 1,676.06
ab 1165.54

±SEM 42.79 117.54 52.63

----------------P – values -------------
Breeder age 0.4692 0.0396 0.8978

Hernan A. Cordova, and Diego Chaves. 2016. Effect of broiler breeder age on progeny performance, bone
mineralization and organ development up to 21d of age. Poultry Science Association, 1st Latin American Scientific
Conference. Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Turning
International Course on Poultry
Production ICPP 2018, Raleigh, NC
(Brake, 2016)
 It is evident that

• Turning 0-2 d is very critical (1° early deads)

• Turning 3-8 d is nearly as critical (1° late deads)

Multi Stage vs Single Stage
Cordova-Noboa, 2018

Cordova-Noboa, 2018
Cordova-Noboa, 2018
Cordova-Noboa, 2018
 Material and methods

Multistage Single stage

Initial temperature (Cᵒ) 37.5 37.8
Final temperature (Cᵒ) 37.5 37.1
Initial RH (%) 40 80
Final RH (%) 40 30
 Machine and embryo temperature during incubation
on standard eggshell temperature profile
38,2
38,0
Temperature (°C)

37,8
37,6
37,4
37,2
37,0
36,8
36,6
36,4
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Embryo age (Days)
SS Egg Temp SS Machine Set SS Machine Temp
SS Egg Temp SS Machine Set SS Machine Temp
 Machine and embryo temperature during incubation
Low-High profile
39,0
38,8
38,6
Temperature (°C)

38,4
38,2
38,0
37,8
37,6
37,4
37,2
37,0
36,8
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Embryo age (Days)
LH Egg Temp LH Machine Set LH Machine Temp
LH Egg Temp LH Machine Set LH Machine Temp
Over-heated eggs impacts
Cordova-Noboa, 2018

Cordova-Noboa, 2018
Cordova-Noboa, 2018 Cordova-Noboa, 2018
Cordova-Noboa, 2018
Cordova-Noboa, 2018
 Normal Hot

Cordova-Noboa, 2018
Cordova-Noboa, 2018
Cordova-Noboa, 2018
Brake, 2016

Brake, 2016
Hatchery Management Workshop, NC State, Raleigh, NC, 2017.
(Brake, 2016)
(Brake, 2016)
Effect of Incubation temperature on Body Weight
(g) of Broilers (Hulet et al., 2007)
What about the organ and tissue,
and cell growth and
development??
 Effect Of Incubation Temperature
On Growth Of The Heart
280
34.5C
Heart Weight (mg)

240
36.5C
200
39.5C
160
120
80
40
0
0 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21
Olivo, 1931
Day Of Incubation (E)
 Relative heart weight of 2 incubation temperatures
independently of genetic line at hatch
1,00
Relative heart weight (%)

0,95
P = 0.0233 a

0,90
b
0,85

0,80

0,75

0,70
LowHigh Standard
Cordova, H., Oviedo-Rondón E.O., Sarsour, A., Bernal-Arango, L.C., Saldaña, B., Fasanaro, R., Mesquita, M., Wineland, M.,
Borst, L.B., and Barnes, H. J. 2016. M18 Effects of incubation temperature profiles on organ and gastrointestinal tract
development of four genetic lines of broilers. PSA Meeting. New Orleans, LA
Temperature effects on the organ development in
the chicken embryo
Normal High
Organ
-------- g / 100 g BW -------
Yolk 9.16b 12.07a
Liver 3.00 2.93
Heart 0.88a 0.63b
Proventriculus 0.93a 0.80b
Gizzard 5.84a 5.08b
Intestine 3.15a 2.63b

Wineland et al., 2006

 High Incubation
Temperature

5% Smaller 13% Smaller

Chick 29% Smaller
Proventriculus
Heart
and Gizzard

16% Less Small Intestines

 Wooden breast (WB)

NORMAL SEVERE
Line 1 Line 2 Line 3
 Footpad dermatitis score
Type of lesion Area of foot affected (%)
<25 (25 -50) >50
No lesion

Keratosis/papillae,
no discoloration

Brown
discoloration,
erosion

Black
discoloration, deep
lesion, split dermis

(Allain et al., 2009) BPSJ

Potential managing alternatives
International Course on Poultry
Production ICPP 2018, Raleigh, NC
International Course on Poultry
Production ICPP 2018, Raleigh, NC
 International Course on Poultry Production 2018
May 27 – June 1
95
93 Raleigh, North Carolina
90
88
85
83
80
78
75
73
70
68
65

Machine Egg1 Egg2 Egg3 Egg4 Egg5 Egg6

95
93
90
88
85
83
80
78
75
73
70
68
65

Machine Egg1 Egg2 Egg3 Egg4 Egg5 Egg6

Oviedo-Rondón E.O., H. A. Córdova-Noboa, V. San Martin, G. Ospina, I. Cardenas, C. Alfaro. International

Course on Poultry Production ICPP 2018. Raleigh, NC.
 International Course on Poultry Production 2018
May 27 – June 1
Raleigh, North Carolina

98
95
93
90
88
85
83
80
78
75
73
70
68
65

Machine Egg1 Egg2 Egg3 Egg4 Egg5

Oviedo-Rondón E.O., H. A. Córdova-Noboa, V. San Martin, G. Ospina, I. Cardenas, C. Alfaro. International

Course on Poultry Production ICPP 2018. Raleigh, NC.
International Course on Poultry
Production ICPP 2018, Raleigh, NC
 International Course on Poultry Production 2018
May 27 – June 1
Raleigh, North Carolina

100
90
Hatchability (%)

80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
SEU MS SPIDES SEU SPIDES SED 18 - 21°C 13°C

Oviedo-Rondón E.O., H. A. Córdova-Noboa, V. San Martin, G. Ospina, I. Cardenas, C. Alfaro. International

Course on Poultry Production ICPP 2018. Raleigh, NC.
? ??
Hernán Alejandro Córdova-Noboa, MS
hcordov@ncsu.edu/ hacordovanoboa@gmail.com