HORMONES OF PLACENTA:

SYNCYTIOTROPHOBLAST

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum,

Golgi Bodies, Mitochondria

Protein Hormones Steroid Hormones

i) Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin i) Oestrogen

ii) Human Placental Lactogen ii) Progesterone

iii) Pregnancy Specific β-1 Glycoprotein iii) Relaxin

iv) Early Pregnancy factor

v) Growth factors

vi) Pregnancy assosciated plasma Protein – A

 CONTRAINDICATIONS OF ATERIAL BLOOD DRAW-

A. Absolute contraindication-

 1. Infection/lesion at the site

 2. An abnormal modified Allen test
 3. Presence of Arteriovenous fistulas
 4. Known or suspected severe peripheral vascular disease of the limb involved.

B. Relative Contraindication-

 1. Severe Coagulopathy
 2.Anticoagulant therapy with warfarin, heparin.
 3. Use of thrombolytic agents, such as streptokinase or tissue plasminogen activator.

CONTRAINDICATIONS OF ATERIAL BLOOD DRAW-

A. Absolute contraindication-

 1. Infection/lesion at the site

 2. An abnormal modified Allen test
 3. Presence of Arteriovenous fistulas
 4. Known or suspected severe peripheral vascular disease of the limb involved.

B. Relative Contraindication-

 1. Severe Coagulopathy
 2.Anticoagulant therapy with warfarin, heparin.
 3. Use of thrombolytic agents, such as streptokinase or tissue plasminogen activator.