Reinventing India as

Innovation Nation

NITI AAYOG R. A. Mashelkar

17 March 2017 Chairman National Innovation Foundation
President – Global Research Alliance
National Research Professor
 A Disclaimer!

View from my personal lens

Lessons from my own book of life!
Recent Visioning
Initiatives

CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 109, NO. 6, 25 SEPTEMBER 2015

 GOI bringing Innovation from periphery
to Centre Stage!

Changing Indian Policy Frameworks…

• 1958 – Science Policy Statement

• 1983 – Technology Policy Resolution
• 2003 – Science & Technology Policy
• 2011 – S&T & Innovation Policy
• 2016 – Atal Innovation Mission, Game
Changing Innovation in Action…
 PM’s Appeal for Game Changing

‘’The time for incremental change is long over, the current age is one that
requires transformational change that comes only with drastic policy
reform’’
27 July 2016
PM’s vision 2022: A ‘New, Inclusive India’ for
poor, middle class and women

March 12, 2017

 Accelerated
Inclusive
Innovation led Growth
Setting Ambitions

From Leapfrogging
to Pole Vaulting
 From Leap Frogging to Pole Vaulting!

• Mobile Telephones (Including Jio now..)

• Aadhar
• JAM
• Demonetisation
• Moving to paperless, cashless,
presenceless society…
 Technological
Innovation

Business
Policy
Model
Innovation
Innovation

Total
Innovation
System
Workflow
Delivery
Innovation
Innovation

Social Organizational
Innovation Innovation

1
Making Seemingly Impossible, Possible!

Despite
‘Income Inequality’
ensure
‘Access Equality’
 Paradigm Shift

Getting More (performance)

From Less (resource)

For More (people)

MLM
 MLM is not about …

Stripping products and services to make

them cheap, somehow

MLM is about ……
Giving High Quality at Affordable Prices!
 Innovation’s Holy Grail - MLM

C. K. Prahalad
R. A. Mashelkar

Harvard Business Review- July, August 2010

 Special Session
More From Less For More
16 Nov 2010
613,991 Views at 6 AM today!
 Anjani Mashelkar
Inclusive Innovation
Award

Indian Model of Innovation

for Inclusive Growth

Affordability Accessibility Acceptability

 Can You Believe…

Rs 5 for an ECG Test?

Rs 10 for a Hemoglobin Test?

$1 for a Breast Cancer Screening?

 Rs 5 Per Test ECG Device
(Young Rahul Rastogi)

 Personal 12 Lead
ECG event monitor

 Portable- Credit Card

Size

 5 Rs - Cost per ECG!

Sanket – Digital Cardiac Care Platform

Touch
Download Sanket
the free with
Mobile App thumbs

Report/Trend Get ECG and

Sharing by interpretation
Email, in Mobile app
Whatsapp.. in 15
seconds
Rs 10 Non-invasive Hemoglobin Test!
(Young Myshkin Ingawale)

Best Practice Next Practice

Invasive with Needles Non-Invasive, No Needles

Cost per Test - Rs150 Cost per Test - Rs 10

Making High Technology Work for Everyone

High Technology
Photoplethysmography + Spectrophotometry
+ Advanced Software for Photon Scattering
 Startling Facts

India’s ranking in breast cancer deaths globally

#1
Less than 1% are screened early

50% survival rate!

 $1 Breast Cancer Screening
(Young Mihir Shah)
iBreastExam Low cost tactile sensor that
measures tissue stiffness difference in real-
time, non-invasively and without pain

 Ultra Portable
 Accurate
 Minimal Training
 Wireless
 Cloud Connected
 Instant Results
 Affordable Excellence
Anjani Mashelkar Inclusive Innovation Award
 Indian Innovation:
The Story of Pleasure and Pain
Pleasure:

When Ashok Jhunjhunwala

develops wireless local loop
technology!

Pain:

When his technology has to get

implemented in Brazil and
Madagascar before moving to
India!
Pleasure:

When a great leader in Indian

Science publishes some
breakthrough scientific results!

Pain:

A Japanese company takes

regular patents based on this
research!
In other words…

Pleasure:

Indian Science will make money!

Pain:

But in Japan not in India!

Pleasure:

Indian pharma company invents a

new chemical entity for head &
neck cancer!

Pain:

It is forced to shift clinical

research to expensive US due to
the challenges with Indian
regulatory system!
 Research & Innovation
Money to Knowledge to Money
Innovation
Money into Knowledge Knowledge into Money
Financing
A World Class Indian Innovation Ecosystem
Discover Invent Make in India

Indian
Innovation
Economy New Value
Talent Govt. Systems
Critical
Innovation Culture Society New
Technology Building Of Innovation
Structures
Blocks Instns.
New
Trust Policies

Next Practice
Not Inspiration
Best Practice

Inclusive Growth Driver

 2% Brawn - 98% Brain!

 iPhone
manufactured in
China - 4.5 million
jobs

 Apple profit - $350

per iPhone

 Foxconn profit -
$10 per iPhone
Make in India for the World

TAL celebrating
dispatch of 5,000th
Advanced
Composite Floor
Beam to Boeing for
787-10 Dreamliner
Aircraft
Invent in India

and

Make in India
21 Years Down the Line!
India’s Emergence as Global R&D Platform

 1165 R&D Centres by MNCs

 928 MNCs
 323,000 Scientists and Engineers
 Bengaluru displaces Tokyo as the most preferred R&D
destination by MNCs (Capegemini study)
 Moving from mere cost arbitrage to value arbitrage in cutting
edge technology
 Indian IQ capable of Generating IP!

Share of US Granted Patents Share of US Granted Patents

from Indian R&D Centre to the Contribution from Indian R&D
Companies overall Global Contribution in Centre to the overall Global
% Contribution in %
2003 2013
Novell ≈ 4% 28%
Symantec Negligible 24%
Adobe Negligible 15%
Honeywell Negligible 11%
Oracle Negligible 10%
Texas Instruments ≈ 3% 9%
Cisco Negligible 5%

GE Bangalore R&D Centre’s share of the overall US granted patents

increased twelve folds in ten years from 1% (2003) to 12% (2013)
First EverReverse Transfer of Technology from CSIR-NCL
New Generation Thrombolytic Molecules IMTECH
License to Nostrum Pharma
Clot Specific
Streptokinase
2009

Recombinant
Streptokinase
2006

Natural
Streptokinase
2002

US$ 150 million in

milestone payments
+ royalty
Innovation moving from periphery to centre
stage in Industry!

View from my personal lens as Chairman of-

• Reliance Innovation Council

• Thermax Innovation Council
• Marico Innovation Foundation
• KPIT Technology Innovation Council
• Persistence Innovation Council…
What should be India’s Technology
Strategy?
Buy
Make
Make to Buy better
Buy to Make better
Make it Together
 PPP 2.0

Doing it Differently

Doing it Big

Doing it Sustainably
PPP 2.0 Should Lead to Shared…

Risk
Skills
Assets
Reward
Investment
Responsibility
New Millennium Indian Technology Leadership
Initiative(2000 –)

• India’s biggest public private partnership in

technology
• Talent, Technology, Trust
• Grand Challenges seeking game changing solutions
leading to Affordable Excellence
• Bold financial instruments
• Not best practice but next practice!

51
DSK Mobilis selling in tens of
thousands only!

Not in Millions!

Public procurement support as

proposed in the Start-up India
Action Plan would have made a big
difference!
$35 Tablet - Made By India-But?
NMITLI driven Fuel Cell Program

Goal:
To achieve wide spread use of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel
Cells by making the technology affordable and accessible.

Roadmap:

Technology development

Demonstration
Fundamental
and on-field
research and PEMFC Ecosystem
validation
innovation
in PPP mode

Vendor Development
NMITLI Team
First ever Multifunctional Electrodes
for Enhanced Performance

59
First ever PIL Membranes for Enhanced Proton
Conductivity
• Breakthrough Patents
• 200% performance than commercial
benchmark PBI membranes

Excellent membrane formability

Excellent strength

WO 2012/035556A1

Anita et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2014, 2, 14449

60
 Reducing Capex: PEMFC stacks

3 KWe LT-PEMFC cost including BoP

(performance improvement)
5000, 1%

INR 0.3 M /kW 122226,

120183,
41%
Imported components 42%

INR 0.15 M /kW 25566,

9% 8550, 3%
11300,
Indigenized components 4%
MEA material cost MEA conversion cost
Stack material cost Stack material conv cost
BoP material cost BoP assembly cost

INR 0.10 M/kW

Improved performance
 Make in India: Total Indigenization
Components Vendor
Polymer-graphite composite plates M/s. Precision Tool Room and Molding House,
Pune
Membranes and membrane electrode assemblies CSIR spin-out (AMPS Innovations Pvt Ltd)

Machining of flow fields and other features on M/s. Enson Gages and Tools Ltd, Nashik; M/s.
BPP, machining of end plates, fixture for aligning Gargi Systems, Pune; M/s. MDL Engineers,
MEA components, current collector plates Chennai; M/s. SAS Industries, Chennai; M/s.
Akash Industries, Chennai; M/s. Gayath
Industries, Chennai; M/s. Vijayalakshmi
industries, Chennai
Gaskets M/s. Shree Bhagwant Rubber Ind, Pune; M/s.
Ganesh Ram industries/Auro Sri Industries,
Chennai
BOP, Power Conditioning M/s. K-PAS Instronics Ltd., Chennai

Porous carbon papers M/s. HEG, Bhopal

Pt/C catalyst M/s. Procat Tech LLP, Mumbai

62
 Technology + Policy =
Global Business Leadership
• 400,000 towers with DG sets
• Operating Cost: USD 2 billion
• Environmental Cost: PM/noise
• PEMFCs: H2 (cylinders or Methanol
reforming)
• Higher (> 35%) efficiency; no
PM/noise/vibration

DG set
India has moved to the third place and
fastest growing base for startups
 IITs - 4th largest producers of
Unicorn Startups
1. Stanford (51)
2. Harvard (37)
3. University of California (18)
4. Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) (12)
5. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
6. University of Pennsylvania
7. University of Oxford
8. Tel Aviv University
9. Cornell
10.University of South Carolina
 Innovation Led
Grassroots Entrepreneurship

Everyone is Someone!

Democratisation of Innovation

Innovation by the people & for the People

India does not mean 1.30 bn mouths

India means 1.30 bn minds!
National Innovation Foundation
Pedal Powered Washing Machine
Modified Walker with Adjustable Legs by 13 Year old!

Shalini Kumari from Patna: IGNITE 2011 Award

Permanent Exhibition of
Grassroots Innovations at
Rashtrapati Bhavan
 Global Innovation Index
India vs China
China
29 25

34 29 29
35
62
64
66 66
Rank

India

76
81

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Year
 What changed in 2016 for India?

Additional Indicators introduced India’s Ranking

Domestic market scale 3

Graduates in Science & Engineering 8

Global R&D companies’ avg. expenditure (top 3) 20
Research talent in businesses 31

Industrial designs by origin 72

 Excerpt from the letter by
Dr Francis Gurry- DG, WIPO

“I share your view that non-technological innovations

play an important role in fostering productivity gains and
overall economic growth.

I agree that greater efforts to fill this gap would be

desirable, and we are closely monitoring the work of
international organizations that strive to make progress in
this area.”
Dr Francis Gurry
 So, what is India good at?

Indicators India Ranking

ICT services exports, % total trade 1

Domestic market scale, bn PPP$ 3
Growth rate of PPP$ GDP/worker,% 6
Graduates in Science and Engineering,% 8
Ease of protecting minority investors 8
 And what can we do better?

Indicators India Ranking

Ease of starting a business 114

Ease of resolving insolvency 110
Ease of paying taxes 109
Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary 103
ICT access 108
Environmental performance 110
Strategies for improving our GII ranking

1. Provide data in which we provide zero data today – This is easy

2. Add indicators, which represent not only technological
innovation but also non-technological innovation (business
model, system delivery, workflow, process, policy, sharing, rapid
inclusion……..).
3. Improve performance in ranking in which we are low – This is
long term – but some possible in short term, e.g. ICT access.
India’s Aspirations - NITI Aayog
 Speed

Scale

Sustainability
ATAL Grand Challenges
Could we make 200 million illiterates literate in
5 years?

Yes! We have a breakthrough technology!

Computer Based Functional Literacy

 Computer Based Functional Literacy

• Based on the theories of cognition, language

and communication
• Emphasizes on learning words rather than
alphabets
• Method focuses on reading
 Computer Based Functional Literacy – 4X
Faster

Parameter Conventional CBFL

Duration 200 hrs in 9-18 months 45 hrs in 3-4 months

Skills Required Professional Teachers Preraks: para-teachers

Dropout Rate High Low (10-12%)

Spoken and Visual Medium Not possible Possible

Disruptive Innovation Learning Alphabets Recognizing 596 Pictures

Cost High Fractional ($2)

Time for 90% literacy in India ~ 20 years 5 years

 One MP-One Idea

• Every Member of Parliament will be ‘champion of innovation’ in

his/her constituency
• Individuals and organizations from every constituency will submit
their ideas
• An innovative public-private partnership model based on an
exciting auctions process to drive implementation
• Yearly competition for driving an innovation movement.
• Govt approval for spending MP-LAD funds obtained
• But…
 Innovation Led Accelerated Inclusive Growth

Reinventing India as Innovation Nation

1. Everyone is Someone – Democratizing Innovation

2. Speed, Scale, Sustainability – Bold Policy Reforms

3. Affordable Excellence – Indian Inclusive Innovation Mission?

4. Talent, Technology, Trust – Startup Nation

5. Leap Frog to Pole Vault – Science 2.0, Education 3.0, Industry 4.0
 Changing Face of STI in India
Global S&T
leadership

IP generation and
global competitiion

Technology
Self denial driven
reliance S&T
Individual
excellence

1930-50 1950-70 1970-90 1990-2010 2010-30

ISRO Spirit (Mangalyaan+104+?)
I in India must stand for ‘Innovation’
& not ‘imitation’
Thank You!